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1
Polshchak, Aneliya. "Preraphaelites and Christian Literature Renewal in Great Britain." NaUKMA Research Papers. Literary Studies 3 (September 2, 2022): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2618-0537.2022.3.115-119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers about the general tendencies of Christian and Catholic art renewal in Great Britain. This movement is the part of the wider one i.e. Christian art renewal, which is the important phenomenon in all western literatures and cultures (Francois Mauriac, Georges Bernanos, Julien Green, Paul Claudel, Charles Péguy, Gertrud von Le Fort, Heinrich Boll, Sigrid Undset, Graciya Deledda, Ramiro de Maeztu, Hose Bergamin, Miguel Unamuno, Maurice Denis, Paul Gauguin, Georges Rouault, Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc, Arthur Honegger, Olivier Messiaen, etc.) English Christian and Catholic Renewal were caused by the deep crisis, which found its place after the period of positivism. In British literature the phenomenon of Christian renewal manifested itself in the creative work of Evelyn Arthur St. John Waugh, Muriel Spark, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, Graham Green, Clive Staples Lewis and others. Tendencies of Christian renewal also appeared in the other kinds of art. In the painting of Great Britain of the period these tendencies display themselves in the intention of the painters to find the sense of the life, which in the same time also include the interest in Christianity. It made itself apparent in new approaches to sacred matters, which include Bible themes as well as Church tradition. In the fine art of Great Britain Christian renewal echoed in the works of Pre-Raphaelites (William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rosetti, Madox Brown, Edward Berne-Jones, William Morris, Arthur Hughes, Walter Crane, and John William Waterhouse. Strong will to return to the cultural and religious roots of Europe is the core of this art movement of Christian and Catholic renewal in Britain. Revision of “Good News Bible” message actuality for their contemporaries, which is manifested in the sense of the works, images and structural elements, is the important task and inspiration for painters and writers of this style.
2
Green, S. J. D., and Bruce Wollenberg. "Christian Social Thought in Great Britain between the Wars." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 31, no. 3 (1999): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4053028.
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Peck, L. V. "Uncovering the Arundel Library at the Royal Society: changing meanings of science and the fate of the Norfolk donation." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 52, no. 1 (January 22, 1998): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1998.0031.
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Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, was the most important collector in early 17th Century Britain. Much attention has been paid to his collections of painting and sculpture, his patronage of painters such as Rubens and Van Dyck and architects such as Inigo Jones, and his search through Greece and Turkey for antiquities. Little, however, has been written on the Arundel Library, which was equally famous. The cause is not hard to find: the library has been dispersed whereas the marbles and antiquities have found a home at Oxford, the manuscripts at the British Library and the College of Arms, and the paintings and sculpture remain identifiable whether at Arundel Castle or in British, continental or American museums. Yet the Arundel Library is of great significance: to the history of book–collecting by the great bibliophiles Willibald Pirckheimer and Arundel himself; to the study of the reading practices and libraries of members of the Howard family, possibly including Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and, certainly, his son, Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton; and, more generally, to the history of the book in the Renaissance and early modern Europe and the concomitant study of communities of readers.
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Catling, Hector. "A. H. S. Megaw (1910–2006): A Memoir." Annual of the British School at Athens 102 (November 2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400021420.
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An account is given of the adult life and career of Peter Megaw, from his first admission to the British School at Athens as Walston Student in 1931, to his Vice-Presidency of the School at the time of his death in 2006. His years (1935–60) as Director of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus are described, and the great importance stressed of his work in preserving the island's architectural heritage of the Christian period. His Directorship of the British School at Athens is described. His publications are noted, including his (posthumous) Kourion: Excavations in the Episcopal Precinct.
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Edwards, Ben. "The Godless Congress of 1938: Christian Fears About Communism in Great Britain*." Journal of Religious History 37, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2012.01175.x.
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Aldrin, Viktor. "Ecclesiastical Policies on Education: A Democratic Game of Winners and Losers?" International Journal of Practical Theology 28, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijpt-2022-0016.
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Abstract In the post-secular societies of Scandinavia and Great Britain, Christian denominations have had to reconstruct their identities as educational agents. This article focuses on the Church of England and the Church of Sweden, and their changed self-identification as expressed in their educational policy documents. Whereas the Church of England’s discourses are of partnership and business competition, the Church of Sweden’s discourses are about the Apocalypse and external threats. These approaches are analysed using Habermas’s concept of religion, identifying a transformation of religious language into secular argumentation to become viable in the secular public space. The question posed is: “Is theology exerting less influence over education in Scandinavia and Great Britain?”
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Mahmoud, Shadia Mohamed Salem. "Nationalization and Personalization of the Egyptian Antiquities: Henry Salt a British General Consul in Egypt 1816 to 1827." International Journal of Culture and History 3, no. 2 (December 24, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v3i2.7357.
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<p>In 1998, an anthropologist, Philip L. Kohl stated that archaeological findings are manipulated for nationalist purposes and that archaeology’s development during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is associated with nationalism, colonization, imperialism, sometimes personal in Europe.<a title="" href="file:///F:/Nationalization%20and%20Personalization%20of%20the%20Egyptian%20antiquities.1%20-%20Copy.doc#_ftn1">[1]</a> Kohl’s statement is significant because it conveys how archaeology emerged as a national mission. During the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, Egyptian antiquities were at the center attention. Mythical and historical evidence for Greeks and Romans inEgypt were cited in order to justify the extensive excavations which were linked to a rising European national self consciousness. Consequently, the great imperialist powers, France and the Great Britain (who saw themselves as heirs of the Greeks and Romans) were determined to fulfill their national museum with the Egyptian antiquities.</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="file:///F:/Nationalization%20and%20Personalization%20of%20the%20Egyptian%20antiquities.1%20-%20Copy.doc#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Philip L. Kohl, “Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Constructions of Nations and the Reconstructions of the Remote Past,” in <em>Annual Review of Anthropology</em>, Vol. 27 (1998), p. 223. Pp. 223-246</p></div></div>
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ATKINS, GARETH. "CHRISTIAN HEROES, PROVIDENCE, AND PATRIOTISM IN WARTIME BRITAIN, 1793–1815." Historical Journal 58, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 393–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000338.
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AbstractThe use by British crowds of victorious admirals to articulate patriotic and libertarian ideas during the wars of the long eighteenth century is well known. But conflict also posed awkward questions about masculinity and issues surrounding it. Was military prowess compatible with politeness, with religiosity? During the 1790s, the fight to the death with revolutionary France made such questions hard to ignore, being compounded by the fact that Britain's most celebrated leader – Nelson – was not a paragon of virtue. This article shows how evangelicals sought to resolve these tensions by advancing a different set of ideals founded on piety and professionalism: by finding heroes of their own. This has crucial consequences for our understanding of how they and the ideas they championed became so prominent in late Hanoverian public life. In contradistinction to recent work suggesting that they exploited causes that were already popular – moral reform, antislavery – this article shows how they advanced a powerful providential narrative in which Christian heroes and godly policy were what made Britain great, a narrative whose veracity was ‘proven’ by wartime successes, especially in the navy, and which would remain highly influential well into the nineteenth century.
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Jarić, Ljubica. "Christian Joppke: "Immigration and the Nation-State. The United States, Germany and Great Britain"." Stanovnistvo 39, no. 1-4 (March 30, 2001): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/stnv.319.
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Harris, A. L. "Recent Acquisitions and Conservation of Antiquities at the Ure Museum, University of Reading 2004–2008." Archaeological Reports 54 (November 2008): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608400001009.
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The Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology, in the Department of Classics at the University of Reading, has experienced something of a renaissance in the 3rd millennium. It acquired status as a registered museum in 2001 and accreditation in 2008. It has boasted a bespoke web-accessible database since 2002 and a professionally designed website since 2004 (www.reading.ac.uk/ure). Finally, in 2005 its physical display was completely redesigned. While the existence of the Museum and some of its collections have long been well known to scholars of Gr vases – thanks to the tireless efforts of Percy and Annie Ure in the first half of the 20th Ct, including their 1954 publication of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain 12. University of Reading (London, Oxford University Press, 1954), AR 9 (1962–1963) and some listings in Beazley and Trendall's volumes (see J.D. Beazley, Attic Red-figure Vase-painters, 2nd ed. [Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1963], A.D. Trendall and A. Cambitoglou, The Red-figured Vases of Apulia [Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1978–1982], A.D. Trendall, The Red-figured Vases of Lucania, Campania and Sicily (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1967) – much of the collection remains unknown. Even in the 1960s, after all, the publication of fragments, lamps and Cypriote ceramics remained unfashionable. And the Ures, experts in Gr pottery, were little interested in publishing the Egyptian artefacts (approximately a 5th of the displayed collection) and other non-ceramic artefacts. As part of the Ure Museum's renaissance, University of Reading staff and students are researching and gradually publishing its hidden treasures: A.C. Smith, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Great Britain 23. Reading Museum Service (Reading Borough Council) (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007) documents more than 150 vases, most in the Ure Museum, from the Reading Museum Service (Reading Borough Council); a forthcoming fascicule of the Corpus of Cypriote Antiquities will catalogue the Cypriote holdings in the Ure Museum; and another volume of Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum will detail approximately 200 holdings of the Ure Museum that are hitherto unpublished. The items discussed below, however, are those that have been acquired by the Ure Museum since 2004, as well a sample of the 19 Coptic textile fragments, which have been brought out of storage, conserved by the Textile Conservation Centre in Winchester and are now displayed in the Ure Museum (since 2005).
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Perry, Yaron. "German Mission in Abyssinia: Wilhelm Staiger from Baden, 1835–1904." Aethiopica 11 (April 26, 2012): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.11.1.143.
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This article deals with the story of the Christian mission among the Jews of Ethiopia during the 1860s as related in the memoirs of the German missionary, Wilhelm Staiger, publicised here for the first time. Staiger who had, together with scores of other European missionaries, become caught up in the political turmoil between Great Britain and Teodoros, King of Ethiopia, describes the affair in the first person.
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Romanyuk, Taras. "Lubor Niederle and the development of Сzech Slavic studies and archaeology in the context of Ukrainian national progress". Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 21 (16 листопада 2017): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2017-21-41-58.
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Activities of Czech scientists of the late XVIII-XIX centuries. concerning the study of the Slavic peoples, continued by the prominent Czech Slavic scholar, archaeologist, historian, ethnographer, philologist Lubor Niederle (1865–1944) are discussed in the article. The scientist had a good European education on anthropology and archaeology, studying in Germany and France and during his scientific trips to Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Russia, and the Balkan countries. Collected material formed the basis of his first comprehensive monograph about humanity during the prehistoric era, in particular on the lands inhabited by the Slavs. Among a large number of published researches, most important was the multivolume monograph “Slovanské starožitnosti”, in which scientist analyzed the history of the Slavs from the prehistoric period till the early Middle Ages. Publications of L. Niederle were of great interest to Ukrainian scholars (M. Hrushevskyi, F. Vovk, M. Bilyashivskyi, V. Hnatyuk, etc.). They criticized his Russophile position and defending of the dubious claims of Russian researchers about Ukrainian history. Key words: Czech Slavic studies, Lubor Niederle, Slavic antiquities, Ukrainians.
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Markovich, Slobodan. "Activities of Father Nikolai Velimirovich in Great Britain during the Great War." Balcanica, no. 48 (2017): 143–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1748143m.
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Nikolai Velimirovich was one of the most influential bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the twentieth century. His stay in Britain in 1908/9 influenced his theological views and made him a proponent of an Anglican-Orthodox church reunion. As a known proponent of close relations between different Christian churches, he was sent by the Serbian Prime Minister Pasic to the United States (1915) and Britain (1915-1919) to work on promoting Serbia and the cause of Yugoslav unity. His activities in both countries were very successful. In Britain he closely collaborated with the Serbian Relief Fund and ?British friends of Serbia? (R. W. Seton-Watson, Henry Wickham Steed and Sir Arthur Evans). Other Serbian intellectuals in London, particularly the brothers Bogdan and Pavle Popovic, were in occasional collision with the members of the Yugoslav Committee over the nature of the future Yugoslav state. In contrast, Velimirovich remained committed to the cause of Yugoslav unity throughout the war with only rare moments of doubt. Unlike most other Serbs and Yugoslavs in London Father Nikolai never grew unsympathetic to the Serbian Prime Minister Pasic, although he did not share all of his views. In London he befriended the churchmen of the Church of England who propagated ecclesiastical reunion and were active in the Anglican and Eastern Association. These contacts allowed him to preach at St. Margaret?s Church, Westminster and other prominent Anglican churches. He became such a well-known and respected preacher that, in July 1917, he had the honour of being the first Orthodox clergyman to preach at St. Paul?s Cathedral. He was given the same honour in December 1919. By the end of the war he had very close relations with the highest prelates of the Church of England, the Catholic cardinal of Westminster, and with prominent clergymen of the Church of Scotland and other Protestant churches in Britain. Based on Velimirovich?s correspondence preserved in Belgrade and London archives, and on very wide coverage of his activities in The Times, in local British newspapers, and particularly in the Anglican journal The Church Times, this paper describes and analyses his wide-ranging activities in Britain. The Church of England supported him wholeheartedly in most of his activities and made him a celebrity in Britain during the Great War. It was thanks to this Church that some dozen of his pamphlets and booklets were published in London during the Great War. What made his relations with the Church of England so close was his commitment to the question of reunion of Orthodox churches with the Anglican Church. He suggested the reunion for the first time in 1909 and remained committed to it throughout the Great War. Analysing the activities of Father Nikolai, the paper also offers a survey of the very wide-ranging forms of help that the Church of England provided both to the Serbian Orthodox Church and to Serbs in by the end of the Great War he became a symbol of Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement. general during the Great War. Most of these activities were channelled through him. Thus, by the end of the Great War he became a symbol of Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement.
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Bliss, Alex. "Re-appraising and Re-classifying: a New Look at the Corpus of Miniature Socketed Axes from Britain." Hampshire Studies 75, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The advent of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) has added a great deal to our understanding of prehistoric metal artefacts in England and Wales, namely in expanding enormously the corpuses of objects previously thought to be quite scarce. One such artefact type is the miniature socketed 'votive' axe, most of which are found in Wiltshire and Hampshire. As a direct result of developing such recording initiatives, reporting of these artefacts as detector finds from the early 2000s onwards has virtually trebled the number originally published by Paul Robinson in his 1995 analysis. Through extensive data-collection, synthesising examples recorded via the PAS with those from published excavations, the broad aims of this paper (in brief) are as follows: firstly, produce a solid typology for these artefacts; secondly, investigate their spatial distribution across England and Wales. As a more indirect third aim, this paper also seeks to redress the imbalance of focus and academic study specifically applying to Hampshire finds of this object type, which despite producing a significant proportion of the currently known corpus have never been the subject of detailed analysis.
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Campbell, Ian, and Aonghus Mackechnie. "The ‘Great Temple of Solomon’ at Stirling Castle." Architectural History 54 (2011): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004019.
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In 1594, a new Chapel Royal was erected at Stirling Castle, for the baptism, on 30 August of that year, of Prince Henry, first-born son and heir to James VI King of Scots and his wife, Queen Anna, sister of Denmark’s Christian IV. James saw the baptism as a major opportunity to emphasize, to an international — and, above all, English — audience, both his own and Henry’s suitability as heirs to England’s childless and elderly Queen Elizabeth. To commemorate the baptism and associated festivities, a detailed written account was produced, entitledA True Reportarieand attributed to William Fowler. It provided a remarkable piece of Stuart propaganda, as testified by many subsequent reprints, including during the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion. James no doubt had in mind the example of the celebrations at his own baptism in December 1566, which ‘took the form of a triumphant Renaissance festival, the first that Scotland — and indeed Great Britain — had ever seen’. Despite apparently being constructed within a mere seven months, the new chapel achieved its aim of being both impressive and symbolic of the aspirations of the Scottish king (Fig. 1). It can claim to be the earliest Renaissance church in Britain, with its main entrance framed by a triumphal arch, flanked by Italianate windows. However, even more significant is the evidence that the chapel was deliberately modelled on the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem.
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Khoirunnisa, Firda, Ari Jogaiswara Adipurwawidjana, and Sandya Maulana. "Wandering in Pakistan: The Paradoxical World of the Marginalized in Nadeem Aslam’s The Golden Legend (2017)." Journal of Language and Literature 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v24i1.7613.
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This study explores the idea of place in Nadeem Aslam’s The Golden Legend (2017) to frame the identity crisis befalling the Christian community in Pakistan as a mirror of the similar experiences of marginalized groups in Britain. As a British novel expected to be read by Western readers, the depiction of the marginalization happening in Pakistan is utilized to allude to the condition outside the country: a paradox. The depicted paradox also recalls the history of Islam’s development in Türkiye and Spain, represented by the Hagia Sofia and the Great Mosque. The loss of ‘home’ causes the marginalized to wander in Pakistan, and, at the same time, they try to establish their identities and be remembered by society, both in the sense ofbelonging and of inhabiting memory. It is the same with the unsettled immigrant of Muslim Pakistanis, begging for their citizenship and being acknowledged in Britain. This analysis is based on Bhabha’s notion of unhomeliness and Derrida’s host and guest concept, composing an understanding that having no exact ‘home’, the Christian community being a guest to the Muslim community whose territory is obligated to preserve, is treated inappropriately. With these findings, we argue that wandering through places in Pakistan is an action determining whether one’s self is constructed or otherwise, illustrating Muslims in Britain having the same fate by remembering the golden legend told in the novel.
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Bloembergen, Marieke, and Martijn Eickhoff. "Exchange and the Protection of Java's Antiquities: A Transnational Approach to the Problem of Heritage in Colonial Java." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 4 (November 2013): 893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813001599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sites, here the eighth-century Buddhist shrine Borobudur and other remains of the Hindu-Buddhist past located in colonial (predominantly Islamic) Java, are in this article our analytical tool to provide insight into the local and transnational dimensions of heritage politics and processes of in- and exclusion in Asia and Europe around 1900. Because we recognize these “sites” as centers of multiple historical, political, and moral spaces that transgress state boundaries, we take this concept beyond the nation-state-centered lieu de mémoire. By exploring how site-related objects traveled from temple ruins in Java to places elsewhere in the world (here: Siam, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain) and back to Java, we show the transformation of heritage engagements around 1900 at multiple locations, and we make clear why, despite professionalizing state-centered heritage politics, state control was limited. We argue that the mechanisms of exchange and reciprocal interdependence, as theorized by Marcel Mauss, are crucial to understand the moral and economic engagements that define the problem of heritage, at local and transnational levels.
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Eggers, Natascha de Andrade. "DISCOVERING ANCIENT EGYPT IN MODERNITY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF AN ANTIQUARIAN, GIOVANNI BELZONI (1816-1819)." Heródoto: Revista do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Antiguidade Clássica e suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31669/herodoto.v1i1.28.
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The main objective of this article is to allow a better understanding of the relationship between the British Empire and Ancient Egypt, and show the ways through which European countries – and particularly Great Britain – used the image of the Egyptian civilization to build a national identity and memory. Antiquarians who travelled to search for exotic antiquities had a very important role in this process because they left in their notes a record of their thoughts about the cultures of the places they visited and about the material culture they found there. These memories and reports circulated in Europe and were regarded as a source of knowledge, since they offered a version of the unknown “other” and reported the travelers’ interpretations of the past and present of foreign places. In this article I analyze the journal of one of these antiquarians, Giovanni Belzoni, in order to understand how his discourse may have corroborated the construction of a national identity, since he helped to form a large collection of Egyptian pieces of the British Museum, in England.
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Lapushkina, Alina O. "History of the Central Volta region (Ghana) 1870-1914: european merchants, christian missions and features of colonial German government." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080028823-2.
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The article is dedicated to the history of the central part of the Volta (Ghana) of the second half of the 19th-early 20th centuries: the trading operations of European entrepreneurs, Christian missions, and the peculiarities of colonial rule. The trade in slaves, cotton, ivory, palm oil and other goods made a significant contribution to the economy of the Volta basin. On the one hand, Europeans perceived it as a territory with valuable resources, and saw the potential in it for economic development and transformation into an economically self-sufficient and profitable zone under colonial rule; on the other hand, it is possible that Europeans used the routes through the central part of the Volta region only to get to the most important slave markets in the Slave Trade Era. From the middle of the XIX century the territory of modern Eastern Ghana was under the influence of various European countries (Denmark, Great Britain, France) and then the colonial governments (Germany, Great Britain). However, it was the German colonial rule (although relatively short) and most importantly the activities of the Bremen Mission largely determined the historical trajectory of the central part of the Volta region in the pre-colonial and colonial periods. The author's own results of research also point to a more "utilitarian" attitude to Avatime under the British regime (in the perception of the Avatime themselves) compared to the attitude of the Bremen missionaries acting "for a good cause" and laying the foundations of the school system and professional education.
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Thatcher, Adrian. "Spirituality without Inwardness." Scottish Journal of Theology 46, no. 2 (January 1993): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600037698.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theologians are not generally aware of the influence of the concept of spirituality in education. Is it not remarkable, not to say amazing, for example, that the secular Parliament of Great Britain should pass a bill listing ‘spiritual development’ as the first aim of the school curriculum?1 But educationists are not generally aware of the rich heritage of thought about spirituality in Christian faith and practice. And one is also tempted to say that theologians and educationists do not read much material from philosophy about ‘spirit’ and ‘spirituality’. Yet spirituality is too important to be confined to narrow treatments in separate academic disciplines.
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Legerer, Anton. "Preparing the Ground for Constitutionalization through Reconciliation Work." German Law Journal 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013742.
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In a letter of 1952, the former German judge Lothar Kreyssig launched his idea of a reconciliation programme based on the religious – Christian – concept of atonement. From the manual work of German volunteers, those who had formerly been persecuted and their enemies, namely, the State and the People of Israel and Jews on the one hand and Great Britain and the British on the other, should benefit. The addressee of this letter was Graf Paul Yorck von Wartenburg, the brother of the executed resistance fighter Peter Yorck, then working for the Ecumenical Council of Churches in Geneva, who later worked as a German diplomat with a consul assignment in Lyon.
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Hanebrink, Paul. "European Protestants Between Anti-Communism and Anti-Totalitarianism: The Other Interwar Kulturkampf?" Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 622–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417704894.
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In the late 1930s, Protestants across Europe debated how best to resist the threat of encroaching secularism and radical secular politics. Some insisted that communism remained the greatest threat to Europe’s Christian civilization, while others used new theories of totalitarianism to imagine Nazism and communism as different but equal menaces. This article explores debates about Protestantism, secularism, and communism in three locations – Hungary, Germany, and Great Britain. It concludes that Protestants perceived Europe’s culture war against secularism in very different ways, according to their geopolitical location. The points of conflict between Europe’s Protestants foreshadowed the dramatic shifts in the coordinates of Protestant Europe’s culture wars after 1945.
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Vidović, Ester. "A Christmas Carol: Disability Conceptualised through Empathy and the Philosophy of ‘Technologically Useful Bodies’." International Research in Children's Literature 6, no. 2 (December 2013): 176–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2013.0097.
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The article explores how two cultural models which were dominant in Great Britain during the Victorian era – the model based on the philosophy of ‘technologically useful bodies’ and the Christian model of empathy – were connected with the understanding of disability. Both cultural models are metaphorically constituted and based on the ‘container’ and ‘up and down’ image schemas respectively. 1 The intersubjective character of cultural models is foregrounded, in particular, in the context of conceiving of abstract concepts such as emotions and attitudes. The issue of disability is addressed from a cognitive linguistic approach to literary analysis while studying the reflections of the two cultural models on the portrayal of the main characters of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol. The studied cultural models appeared to be relatively stable, while their evaluative aspects proved to be subject to historical change. The article provides incentives for further study which could include research on the connectedness between, on one hand, empathy with fictional characters roused by reading Dickens's works and influenced by cultural models dominant during the Victorian period in Britain and, on the other hand, the contemporaries’ actual actions taken to ameliorate the social position of the disabled in Victorian Britain.
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Waelkens, Marc, and Edwin Owens. "The Excavations at Sagalassos 1993." Anatolian Studies 44 (December 1994): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642990.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During 1993 the excavations at Sagalassos continued for their fourth season from 3 July until 19 August. From 21 until 28 August a survey was carried out in the district immediately south and south-east of the excavation site. The work was directed by Professor Marc Waelkens (Dept. of Archaeology, Catholic University of Leuven). A total of 45 Turkish workmen and 62 scientists or students from various countries (Belgium, Turkey, Great Britain, Portugal, France, Austria and Greece) were involved in the project. The team included 25 archaeologists, 8 illustrators, 8 architect-restorers (supervised by T. Patricio and directed by Prof. K. Van Balen and Prof. F. Hueber), 4 cartographers (directed by Prof. F. Depuydt), 2 geomorphologists (Prof. E. Paulissen and K. Vandaele), 2 archaeozoologists from the Museum of Central Africa at Tervuren (Belgium), 6 conservators (directed by G. Hibler-Vandenbulcke), 1 photographer (P. Stuyven), 2 computer specialists and 4 people taking care of everyday logistics. The Turkish Antiquities Department was represented by Mrs. Nurhan Ülgen for the first and by Mrs. Aliye Yamancı for the second half of the season, whom we both thank for their much appreciated help and collaboration.
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Chen, Li. "Universalism and Equal Sovereignty as Contested Myths of International Law in the Sino-Western Encounter." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international 13, no. 1 (2011): 75–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180511x552054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractContrary to the relevant traditional historiography, this article argues that early modern Sino-Western conflicts are to a great extent attributable to the sustained contestation between China and the Western empires (particularly Britain) over their competing claims to sovereignty in China. The article shows that the Western empires' demand for extraterritoriality and natural rights to freely trade, travel, and proselytize in China originated in their assumption of universal sovereignty in the non-Christian world. The early Sino-Western encounter illustrates how the discourses of sovereign equality and universal justice, as two origin myths of modern international law and diplomacy, were constructed, deployed, challenged, and adapted in the course of Western expansion in the age of empire.
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Blowers, Paul M. "“Living in a Land of Prophets”: James T. Barclay and an Early Disciples of Christ Mission to Jews in the Holy Land." Church History 62, no. 4 (December 1993): 494–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the nineteenth century the West truly rediscovered Palestine. A land many western observers had long considered fallen from its former glory was roused amid its Ottoman occupation to abide the hopes, dreams, and designs not only of aspiring Jewish nationalists but of British and American diplomats, explorers, archaeologists, adventurers, Christian pilgrims, missionaries, and others in that great entourage which Naomi Shepherd has dubbed the “zealous intruders.” Protestant missionaries in the Levant, to the extent that they established an early and enduring physical presence in the Holy Land and a living link with evangelical churches in Europe, Britain, and America, played a memorable, if limited, role in this modern reopening of Palestine to the West.
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Fleming, Andrew. "The Last of the Great Auks: Oral History and Ritual Killings at St Kilda." Scottish Studies 40 (January 24, 2024): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ss.v40.9286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The story of the killing of the ‘last’ great auk (Pinguinus impennis) in Britain, apparently put to death as a witch at Stac an Armin in the St Kilda archipelago c. 1840, is well known. However, other accounts claim that an auk was killed on the main island, Hirta, having been condemned to death by the celebrated men’s ‘parliament’. The historical veracity of three differing stories, which recount discreditable deeds in a deeply Christian community, is evaluated; it seems that fewest difficulties are raised if two great auks were killed, one on Hirta and the other on Stac an Armin. It is argued that this kind of avicide was a ‘ritual’ killing, to be understood in its historical context. The auk-killing probably took place in the mid to late 1840s, after the St Kilda minister had departed in the wake of the Disruption of 1843 - a particularly unsettling time within this small island community. A possible sighting of a pair of great auks on Soay (St Kilda) in 1890 is also briefly discussed.
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Weller, Paul Gareth. "COVID-19 and Christian Faith-Based Organizations in Great Britain: A Research and Resource Review of Organizational, Financial and Human Contributions and Impacts in the Context of a Wider “Christian Ecology”." Religions 15, no. 3 (March 3, 2024): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15030315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic presented what, on both global and national levels, has arguably so far been the most extensive health, economic and social challenge of the 21st century. Responding to this challenge, it soon became clear that, while having a vital role in the contextual provision of necessary services, public authorities also needed to engage with organizations in the voluntary, community sector, including Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs). This article presents and discusses and analyzes a digest of research and resource evidence from the beginning of 2020–to the end of 2023 concerning the organizational, financial and human contributions of and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on, in particular, Christian FBOs in Great Britain. It goes on to analyze these contributions and impacts within the analytical framework of what it calls a wider “Christian ecology” as the context within which such FBOs live, to which they contribute, and, as argued by this review, apart from which they cannot be properly understood. Finally, in exploring some of the lessons to be learned from the evidence and analysis presented, the article identifies and considers some key opportunities and issues that arise at the interface between the work of (especially, but not only, Christian) FBOs and the structures and processes of the governmental powers-that-be.
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Balicki, Ks Janusz. "Christian-Muslin co-operation in a secular age. Areas of collaboration." Chrześcijaństwo, Świat, Polityka, no. 20 (May 13, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/csp.2016.20.1.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the Muslim population in Europe has increased in a significant way due to the large inflow of immigrants from Muslim countries caused by the war in Syria and the activity of the Islamic State. In the long history of Christian-Muslim relations, these two religions, with their respective political powers, were involved in many conflicts. Europe has become very secular and lost some of her Christian values. It would be interesting to see if the influxof Muslims with strong religious values creates an opportunity for Christians to co-operate in some areas and to strengthen common beliefs. The aim of this article is to identify possible areas of co-operation between Christians and Muslims in the secular Europe and the basic conditions that must be met to make this co-operation possible. The answer is given through the analysis of the following issues: main disputes between Christian churches and liberallegislation regarding marriage, family values and the protection of human life; analysis of the world wide Muslim beliefs and attitude to family and protection of life; analysis of the co-operation of Christians and Muslims at the UN, in different States or NGOs in the area of legislation protection as well as the co-operation of Christians and Muslims in Great Britain at the basic level. At the end of the article, the main results and conclusions are presented.
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Rowley, Bethany. "'We Will Never Forget You': Christian Charities and the Rehabilitation of Disabled ex-Servicemen in Inter-War Leeds." Local Population Studies, no. 101 (December 31, 2018): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps101.2018.47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The unprecedented number of disabled ex-servicemen is one of the evident, but often forgotten, legacies that the First World War left to Britain. For these men, and the organisations created to rehabilitate and reintegrate them back into civil life, the war did not end with the 1918 armistice. By using parish records, this paper will argue that disabled veterans were largely forgotten by religious charities within inter-war Leeds, despite attempts made by clergymen to help servicemen during the war. The impact that this had on male and religious identity is also examined, as any help available disappeared with distance from the conflict. This lack of Christian aid in Leeds challenges the wider historiographical perspective that the Great War favourably altered social attitudes to disability and disability care, whilst supporting the narrative that disabled ex-servicemen were overlooked by the nation they fought to protect.
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Waelkens, Marc, Edwin Owens, Ann Hasendonckx, and Burcu Arikan. "The Excavations at Sagalassos 1991." Anatolian Studies 42 (December 1992): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During 1991 large-scale excavations at Sagalassos continued for their second season from 13 July until 5 September. The work was directed by Professor Marc Waelkens (Dept. of Archaeology, Catholic University of Leuven). A total of 42 scientists from various countries (Belgium, Turkey, Great Britain, Germany and Portugal) as well as 25 local workmen (supervised by Mr. Ali Toprak) carried out the work. The team included 20 archaeologists, 4 illustrators (supervised by G. Evsever and R. Kotsch), 4 architect-restorers (directed by Prof. R. Lemaire and Dr. K. Van Balen), 3 cartographers (directed by Prof. F Depuydt), 2 geologists (directed by Prof. W. Viaene), 2 geomorphologists (Prof. J. De Ploey and Prof. E. Paulissen), 1 archaeozoologist (Dr. W. Van Neer), 1 anthropologist (Dr. Chr. Charlier), 2 restorers for the small finds (directed by Miss K. Norman) and 1 photographer (P. Stuyven). The Turkish Antiquities Department was represented by Muhammet Alkan from the Sivas Museum, whom we thank for his help. Financial support came from the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven, the Belgian Fund for Collective Fundamental Research (F.K.F.O.), the Belgian Programme on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction (I.U.A.P. no 28), the National Bank of Belgium, the ASLK/CGER Bank, the tour operator ORION, the car rental company Interleasing, the restoration company E. G. Verstraete & Vanhecke N. V., Agfa-Gevaert films and the association “Friends of Sagalassos”.
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Fedyukin, I. I., and A. D. Novikova. "Letters of Friedrich Christian Weber to John Robeson from Russia, 1718-1719." MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-2-83-85-107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the correspondence of the Hanoverian resident in Russia Friedrich Christian Weber over the period from January 1718 to the spring of 1720. The set of letters includes over two hundred reports written by the diplomate in French and currently deposited in the French Manuscripts collection of the Bodleian Library of the University of Oxford. The goal of this article is to present this source to the scholarly audience and to offer its preliminary analysis. Although Weber was formally a Hanoverian resident, he represented the interests of England, because the Elector of Hanover, since 1714, was also the monarch of Great Britain. The addressee of Weber’s letters was John Robethon, George I's diplomatic secretary. The article examines various aspects of Weber's diplomatic activities, including the methods he used to collect information in Russia and send it to England, such as bribing Russian officials, resorting to secret agents, ciphers, sending dispatches “under the cover, and others. The letters also reflect the tasks set before him by his government, first of all, investigating the nature of relations between the Russian court and the Jacobites and monitoring the progress of the Congress of Åland, including the views of the Russian and Swedish courts regarding the prospects of a separate peace treaty between them. The article also considers Weber’s approach to the analysis of the international situation and the political situation in Russia. He concluded that a separate treaty between Russia and Sweden was highly unlikely and sought to convey this to his addressee. In spite of this the British government continued to view the ongoing negotiations at Åland as a threat. Beginning in May 1718, the Court of St. James repeatedly instructed Weber to find ways to disrupt Congress. The set of letters shed light on the history of Russian foreign policy at the final stage of the Great Northern War on the eve of the conclusion of the Peace of Nystad.
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Maxim V., Medovarov. "The Formation of Feudal and Christian Socialism in British Public Thought in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 4 (October 30, 2022): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-4-126-142.
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The article is devoted to posing the question of the formation of feudal and/or Christian socialism in the first half and middle of the 19th century in Great Britain in an All- European context. The doctrine of K. Marx and F. Engels about feudal socialism and its lack of clarity in Soviet historiography are considered. The question is raised as to which of the thinkers before 1848 the characteristics of feudal socialism from the “Manifesto of the Communist Party” could refer. The article focuses on the formation of the socio-economic and political views of W. Cobbet and representatives of the “Lake School”: W. Wordsworth, S.T. Coleridge, R. Southey. An assessment is made of the combination of their patriarchal landowner conservatism with peasant radicalism and the protection of workers’ rights, as well as their reception in Russia. The socio-economic doctrine of T. Carlyle and the question of the relationship between his early and late works are being addressed in a broad historiographical context. The work of Carlyle is regarded as a turning point in the history of British feudal socialism, and the activities of the “Cambridge Apostles” in 1848–1854 (F.D. Maurice, C. Kingsley, J.M. Ludlow) are interpreted as the transition of Christian socialism to the stage of institutionalization with serious practical results
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Blue, Lionel. "Try the Samaritans." European Judaism 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2018.510118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this article Lionel Blue recalls his introduction to the UK Reform Jewish movement, at the time the ‘Association of Synagogues of Great Britain’. His work with the youth groups coincided with a pioneering engagement with a post-war German generation, something considered problematical at the time, and similarly the beginning of a Jewish-Christian-Muslim dialogue. The movement at the time increased its support for Israel and joined with the American Reform Jewish movement in the World Union for Progressive Judaism both of which had their influence on its development. But missing were important spiritual questions: Did God still exist for us and how; Where did we locate Him in the horror of the Holocaust? Despite criticisms of some developments of the movement, what remains important is the friendliness, care and concern of the members, its humanity and preferring people as they are to ideological templates.
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Beiküfner, Karin, and Andrea Reichenberger. "Women and Logic: What Can Women’s Studies Contribute to the History of Formal Logic?" Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2019.i6.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Beiküfner’s report reflects on woman’s place in the history of logic. These reflections date back to a larger research project entitled Case Studies Towards the Establishment of a Social History of Logic (1985–1989). The project was initiated under the direction of Professor Christian Thiel, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, and funded by the German Research Foundation DFG. The main focus of the Erlangen research project was laid in the historical analysis of the emergence of modern logic in Great Britain and Germany during the 19th and early 20th century. This research prompted the discovery of a series of important female authors in the Anglophone and German speaking area. This led, firstly, to the question of what might be gained from the research results for the project’s objectives and, secondly, to a closer examination of the methodological demands and problems of a feminist historiography of science.
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Demissie, Tsegaye Ebabey. "Threats to Cultural Monument in Ethiopia: Based on Evidences of Causes and Problems of Some Forgotten Rock-cut Churches." Journal of Heritage Management 4, no. 1 (June 2019): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929619866301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ethiopia is endowed with incredible rock-cut churches embodying great architectural, aesthetic and artistic significance built over its past. However, these priceless cultural antiquities are frequently confronted with different threats. This study aims to explore potential threats and associated impacts evidencing with least known and threatened rock-cut churches. Several rock-cut churches are subjected to different problems such as stripping, cracking, degradation, breaking and demolition that badly affected their significant values. Different natural and anthropogenic agents are responsible for these problems. Recycling rainfall and sunlight, among others, are the major natural factors that caused deterioration or destruction of various rock-cut churches. Uninformed local intervention, one of the major anthropogenic factors, not only has failed to restore lost structural, architectural and aesthetic elements of the rock-cut churches but it also has replaced original rock-cut features by culturally unfamiliar contemporary buildings. Previous war and conflict, the sixteenth-century war of the Islamic Sultanates against the Christian Kingdom, for instance, were also the other man-made causes of destruction, abandonment and plundering of many rock-cut churches that are evidenced in different areas. Above all, the absence of governmental attention towards heritage management is costing the country with a profound loss of its incredible built heritages particularly in the remote areas. All the evidences presented in this study are indicators that the country’s cultural heritage management is at its critical situation which needs the engagement of concerned stakeholder to preserve the country’s past.
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Herzstein, Rafael. "Saint-Joseph University of Beirut: An Enclave of the French-Speaking Communities in the Levant, 1875–1914." Itinerario 32, no. 2 (July 2008): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300001996.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or USJ, dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This centre for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. In his audience of 25 February 1881, Pope Leo XIII conferred the title of Pontifical University on the USJ.This article deals with the history of the USJ, the first great French-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria”. (The term Syria is used henceforth to represent the geographical entity of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which includes Syria and Lebanon of the present.) The underlying reasons for the creation of Saint-Joseph University of Beirut have to do with its being located in a province of the Ottoman Empire coveted by the future mandatory power, France. By the 1870s, the Ottoman Empire was being preserved chiefly by the competition between the European powers, all of whom wanted chunks of it. The Ottoman territory, like the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, encompassed a great many ethnic groups whose own nationalism was also stirring. Under Ottoman rule, the region of the Levant developed economic and religious ties with Europe. Open to the West, it became a hotbed of political strife between various foreign nations including France, Russia and Britain. These powerful countries assumed the protection of certain ethnic and religious groups, with France supporting the Christian Maronites and Britain supporting the Druzes.
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Prysiazhniuk, Oleksii. "English antiques in the historiographical tradition." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The history of English antiquarianism is particular importance in the study of the process of formation of national identity and the preservation of national heritage. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the corpus of historiographical works on the problems of history and historiography of English antiques, to define the role of the Society of Antiquaries of London in the formation of British identity and patriotism. Scientific tasks of the article are to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the historiographic works on the problems of the origin and formation of the English tradition of antiquity and antiquities, to outline the main stages of the formation of the oldest society of antiques. The novelty and degree of development follows from the fact that today in Ukrainian historical science there are no generalizing works on the history and historiography of English antiquaries and the London Society of Antiquaries. However, there is a corpus of historiographical works on the individual components of this complex problem. The antiquarian classes of the eighteenth century cannot be dismissed as unconvincing dilettantism, detached from modern life, or confronting the spirit of the Enlightenment. Antiquarianism was of great importance, both in practical and cultural life in Britain. It embodied the nostalgia of years past for those who feared the coming changes, but equally it could serve as an illustration of the past, demonstrating the progress of the present and the unquestionable superiority of the modern century over the backwardness of past times. At the same time, antiquaries made a clear contribution to the formation of British identity and famous English patriotism. Their merits in the field of culture and the arts are also difficult to overestimate: they contributed to the development of the printing business, the art of book design, and infected their enthusiasm with artists, painters, engravers who, through them, became passionate fans of the medieval past of Britain.
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Łukasiewicz, Sławomir. "A Shadow Party System: The Political Activities of Cold War Polish Exiles." Journal of Cold War Studies 25, no. 1 (2023): 46–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Polish émigrés were an important feature of the Cold War landscape in Europe, as were exiles from other Central European countries. In addition to opposing the Communist systems in their countries of origin, they tried to pursue independent policies in the West. Émigrés were active in political parties—including Christian Democratic, Socialist, and agrarian parties—but at the same time they attempted to create new forms, such as new political and social movements and transnational organizations. With active international agendas, they also worked to influence their own societies, both in the countries in which they had settled and in their countries of origin. This mixture of social and political dimensions was a specific phenomenon of Cold War intellectual history in Europe. The article draws on archival materials from Poland, Great Britain, France, Italy, and the United States and builds on concepts developed by scholars such as Maurice Duverger, Giovanni Sartori, V. O. Key, Jr., Yossi Shain, and Idesbald Goddeeris.
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Tolla, Marlin. "LANDSCAPE AND ORIENTATION OF MEGALITHIC CHAMBERS IN MECKLENBURG-VORPOMMERN (NORTH GERMANY): PHENOMENOLOGY PERSPECTIVE (Bentang Alam dan Orientasi Megalitik di Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Jerman Utara: Perspektif Phenomenologi)." Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 6, no. 2 (June 3, 2017): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v6i2.27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phenomenological perspective is one of the approaches in archaeology especially applies to the use of sensory experiences of the past peoples through material cultures. Phenomenological approaches is based of some German philosopher such as Edmund Husserl, MartinHeidegger which put their attention to perceptions and knowledge which are based on experience of daily lives. Phenomenological approach have been produces a great impact through some works of archaeologist especialy from the group of Post-Procesualist such as Christian Tilley and others in attempt to interpretated the landscape phenomenon in Britain archaeological sites. In relations with that, the phenomenology approaches will be used to analysed the groups of megaliths chambers in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (northern Germany) according to the cosmological significance.ABSTRAKPenomenologi adalah salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan dalam arkeolologi terutama dalam menganalisa ‘experience’ atau pengalaman manusia pada masa lalu melalui budaya material yang ditinggalkan. Pendekatan ini diadopsi dari filosof Jerman seperti: Edmund Husserl dan Martin Heidegger yang menekankan bahwa esensi dari presepsi manusia adalah terletak pada ‘pengalaman’ yang ditemukan di setiap hari. Pendekatan ini kemudian diadopsi oleh arkeolog terutama yang berasal dari grup Post-prosesualis seperti Christian Tilley dan lainnya terutama dalam menginterpretasikan arkeologi landskap. Merujuk pada hal ini, megalitik di Mecklenburg-Vorpommern diindikasikan sebagai ‘buah’ dari pengalaman oleh manusia pada masa lalu dalam menginterpretasikan alam sekitar mereka terutama dalam hubungannya dengan kosmologi.
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Kobyliński, Andrzej. "Problem psychomanipulacji religijnej w kontekście globalnej pentekostalizacji chrześcijaństwa." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 54 (December 30, 2022): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.54.7.
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This article focuses primarily on a synthetic presentation of the global process of pentecostalization as well as the analysis of the selected religious abuses that occur in Christian communities on the grounds of emotional and syncretic Pentecostal religiosity. Over the last two decades, the interest in the problem of psychomanipulation and religious abuses has grown significantly in the Catholic Church and in other Christian denominations. This phenomenon is subject to in-depth philosophical, psychological, sociological, theological and cultural analyses, particularly in countries such as the United States, France or Great Britain. Religious abuse, also known as spiritual abuse or spiritual violence, refers to various forms of psychomanipulation, power, and control over people through religion, faith, or beliefs. The risk of abuse is especially high in the context of contemporary syncretic Neo-Pentecostal religiosity which is characterized by the so-called praying in tongues, miracles, emphasizing the presence of the devil in the world, exorcisms, prayers of deliverance, healings, introducing participants of prayer meetings into altered states of consciousness, etc. In the application of such methods, the principle of informed consent, which in medical practice applies to the relationship between doctors and patients, should be one of the basic ethical norms implemented with the aim of protecting against religious abuse and regulating the relationship of leaders to members of their communities.
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Davenport, Nancy. "Modernism and Mysticism in Germany: Wilhelm Worringer and Pater Desiderius Lenz." Religion and the Arts 14, no. 1-2 (2010): 78–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/107992610x12596486893617.
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AbstractThe text seeks to integrate the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century art of the traditional Benedictine community of Beuron in southwestern Germany with early twentieth-century Modernist aesthetics, particularly as the latter are expressed in Abstraction and Empathy, a Contribution to the Psychology of Style by the German Art Historian Wilhelm Worringer. The influences on Beuron art—the German Kulturkampf that set Protestants and Catholics in northern and southern Germany in opposition and placed the few remaining monastic communities in limbo, the Beuron artist monks’ inspiration from the immobile Egyptian antiquities in the museums of Munich and Berlin, and their desire to develop a universal and otherworldly Christian art which transcended the tangible, tactile, and divisive world in which they lived, worked, and prayed—resulted in a similar rejection of the visible, the real, and the tangible and an embrace of the eternal and symbolic that the Modernists sought. The text ends with a quote from the Dutch Modernist Jan Toorop, a recently converted Roman Catholic, who asked his audience the following in 1912: “Two sculptures that dominate today in the mainstream of sculpture are The Burghers of Calais by the great Rodin and on the other hand St. Benedictine and St. Scholastica by the Benedictine Father Desiderius Lenz. Where do you want to go: to Rodin or to Lenz? To Calais or to Monte Cassino near Rome? Take a look at the work and we’ll talk again?” The question asked by Toorop is the question interrogated in this text.
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Fiddes, Paul. "Christian Doctrine and Free Church Ecclesiology: Recent Developments among Baptists in the Southern United States." Ecclesiology 7, no. 2 (2011): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174553111x559454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe main substance of this article is an extended review of a recent book by a Southern Baptist historical theologian, Malcolm Yarnell, entitled The Formation of Christian Doctrine, which aims to root the development of doctrine in a free-church ecclesiology. This review offers the opportunity to examine a spectrum of ecclesiologies that has recently emerged among Baptists in the Southern region of the United States of America. Four 'conservative' versions of ecclesiology are identified, which are named as 'Landmarkist', 'Reformed', 'Reformed-Ecumenical' and 'Conservative Localist'. Four 'moderate' versions are similarly identified, and named as 'Voluntarist', 'Catholic', 'Moderate Localist' and 'World-Baptist'. While these categories are not intended to be mutually exclusive, the typology is useful both in positioning Yarnell's particular thesis, and in making comparisons with recent Baptist ecclesiology in Great Britain, which has focussed on the concept of covenant. Yarnell's own appeal to covenant is unusual in Southern Baptist thinking, and means that he cannot be easily fitted into the typology suggested. Though he belongs most evidently to the group named here as 'Conservative Localists', and is overtly opposed to any concept of a visible, universal church except in an eschatological sense, it is suggested that his own arguments might be seen as tending towards a more 'universal' view of the reality of the church beyond its local manifestation. His own work thus offers the promise that present polarizations among Baptists in the southern United States might, in time, be overcome.
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Freeman, Gary P. "Immigration and the Nation-State: The United States, Germany, and Great Britain. By Christian Joppke. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. 356p. $72.00 cloth, $22.95 paper." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (March 2001): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401852011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book will enhance Christian Joppke's growing reputa- tion as one of the most thoughtful commentators on the politics of international migration and citizenship. Immigra- tion and the Nation-State is an impressive cross-national comparison that builds on elite interviews and reanalysis of primary materials, but its chief value is in its bold synthesis and critique of a rapidly growing and highly disjointed secondary literature. Although it assesses a variety of theo- retical concepts, the book is primarily a historically rooted, richly empirical work of analysis and interpretation. Joppke deals expertly with three liberal states with different nation- hood traditions and immigration histories. The United King- dom is distinctive in that it was at once a nation-state and an empire. The United States is the only case of the three in which governments deliberately sought to foster immigration for settlement. Germany was a divided nation whose com- mitment to reunification, embedded in the Basic Law, posed particularly troublesome issues for immigration and citizen- ship policy.
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ahmoud AL-JADER, Ilham M., and Israa Mohammed KAREEM. "DAVID LIVINGSTONE 'S JOURNEY TO AFRICA ( 1813 - 1873)." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 05, no. 02 (March 1, 2023): 831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.22.48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fifteenth century for Europe represents the beginning of the modern era, and it is at the same time for Africa the era in which the continent lost its independence, and became plundered by the European powers, especially Britain، which contributed to the movement of geographical discoveries، which is one of the most important stations in the history of Africa during this era, as a precursor to European colonialism in general and the British in particular. The topic has a special importance because the European countries during this period showed the factors of the colonial movement represented by the industrial revolution، the imbalance between the West and the East, the growth of nationalism, demographic pressures and internal conditions in Europe، economic greed, strategic motives, the weakness of non-European powers, the call to embrace Christian religion, geographical discoveries and their role in exploiting the continent and then occupying it As for the research problem, it is represented by the following question: Did the scouting movement provide a great service to Britain for the colonization of Africa? Did the information sent by the explorers, including David Livingstone, help Britain extend its political influence and economic exploitation of the continent? Did the geographical discoveries open Africa to the missionaries? In order to answer these questions, the research was divided into an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion that included the most prominent findings of the study. The first topic entitled (David Livingston... birth and upbringing 1813-1840) was devoted. It contained the second topic entitled (David Livingstone's scout trips in Africa 1841-1873). The research required relying on the inductive historical scientific method to clarify past historical events and facts dating back to the nineteenth century, based on several sources that will be mentioned among the folds of the research
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Helbling, Marc, Felix Jäger, and Richard Traunmüller. "Muslim bias or fear of fundamentalism? A survey experiment in five Western European democracies." Research & Politics 9, no. 1 (January 2022): 205316802210884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20531680221088491.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several studies have shown that attitudes toward immigrants to Europe are marked by a Muslim bias. More recently, Helbling and Traunmüller (2020) have suggested that this Muslim bias is in fact driven by a religiosity bias and thus that the strength of migrant’ religiosity has a bigger effect on attitudes towards them than their nominal faith. The aim of this paper is to replicate and expand Helbling and Traunmüller with a fresh full factorial survey experiment, fielded in 2016/17. We go beyond the limitations of Helbling and Traunmüller, who study the effects of nominal faith, religiosity, and Nigerian as well as Bulgarian immigrants in Great Britain, by including Austria, Germany, France, and Switzerland to rule out idiosyncratic context effects. Moreover, we distinguish between labor migrants and refugees and include Syrian origin. For different groups of migrants in all five countries, our results confirm that the Muslim bias is mainly driven by the degree of migrants’ and refugees’ religiosity: secular and devout Muslims are viewed more positively than both Muslim and Christian fundamentalists.
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Haydon, C. M. "The Anti-Catholic Activity of the S.P.C.K., C. 1698–1740." Recusant History 18, no. 4 (October 1987): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268419500020699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
THE SOCIETY for Promoting Christian Knowledge was established in 1698. From its inception, one of its aims was to combat the spread of Catholicism in Britain and elsewhere. At the end of the seventeenth century, the Counter-Reformation seemed to be enjoying great successes: as one of the Society's memorials noted, ‘the progress of Popery … by little and little ruins the Reformed Religion all over Europe’. This occurred, the memorial went on, because the Protestants had little regard for their own defence. The remedy was to form a ‘union of Protestants’, with a council to organize its correspondence among those of the reformed faith in all parts of the continent; and to put a stop the activity of Popish priests, though ‘without Persecution and violence’. A bulwark, it was argued, was unquestionably needed against so formidable and zealous a body as the Congregation de Propaganda Fide. The Crown was to be informed of these designs and the Society was soon given a watching brief on ‘the practices of priests to pervert His Majesty's subjects’.
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Díaz de Rada, Vidal, and Javier Gil-Gimeno. "Have the Inhabitants of France, Great Britain, Spain, and the US Been Secularized? An Analysis Comparing the Religious Data in These Countries." Religions 14, no. 8 (August 7, 2023): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14081005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper carries out a comparative analysis of the religious beliefs and practices of residents in France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, using two waves of the World Values Survey. The main objective is to investigate the impact that secularization has had on the religious experience in these countries. More specifically, the prospection is carried out around the Christian creed in its Protestant and Catholic manifestations, understood as the majority beliefs in these countries. To carry out this task, we compiled a series of data distributed around the following categories: Contextualization: The importance of religion within different aspects of life; level of religiosity and membership in religious denominations; the sphere of beliefs: Belief in God, belief in life after death, belief in hell, and belief in heaven; scope of practices; and the nones. Subsequently, we carry out an explanatory-interpretative analysis articulated around four questions or challenges faced by these religious forms in the context of secularization: 1. The crisis of Christianity; 2. the thesis of European exceptionalism; and 3. the rise of the nones. In conclusion, the data analyzed allow us to affirm—with nuances—the following: 1. The existence of a process of dechurching in the heart of Christianity; 2. the confirmation that the European case is exceptional if we compare it with other trends or other cultural programs of secularization; 3. that the area of greatest dechurching is linked to community practice, something that allows this research to adhere to Davie’s thesis, which defines the current religious situation as believing without belonging; and 4. as a consequence of the process of dechurching, there is a rise of a social group without religious adscription: The nones.
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Krop, Henri Adrien. "Fides et Ratio: An Early Enlightenment Defence of Non-confessional Religion by Poiret and his Circle." Church History and Religious Culture 90, no. 1 (2010): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124110x506482.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn 1707 an anonymous collection of treatises Fides et ratio was published in Amsterdam. The voluminous work of several authors contains a fierce critique of Locke's notion of faith and the moderate Enlightenment's conception of a reasonable Christianity. The sympathiser with mystic theology Pierre Poiret (1646–1719) wrote the general introduction. In the preface Poiret outlined a counter philosophy. However, the book deserves the interest of modern scholars because of the notions of religion and faith conceived by its authors. They are basically modern. Fides et ratio exemplifies the intense intellectual connections between Great Britain, the Netherlands and the German hinterland during the early modern period. The authors of the collection were part of an international non-denominational web. With some exceptions relations between the philosophes and the counter philosophers among the illuminati are neglected in modern research. In the final parts of this essay it will be argued that the ideas on faith and the ensuing separation of religion and the state created a common ground between Poiret and Christian Thomasius, the luminary of early German Enlightenment, who for some years had been directly influenced by the former's ideas.
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de Roest, Henk. "The Precarious Church: Developing Congregations in an Individualized Society." Ecclesiology 4, no. 2 (2008): 204–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174413608x308627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis article discusses the social phenomenon of shrinking face-to-face organizations and the so-called 'decline of long-term commitment' of late modern populations and the consequences for Christian community formation. Social and organizational bonds are precarious, as research in such diverse contexts as Great Britain, The Netherlands and The United States seems to indicate. In each of these contexts the results of empirical data are subject to sociological dispute and the question with regard to the direction of the developments remains open. Will Christians (paraphrasing Putnam's study on social bonds in America) end up 'worshipping alone'? In that case, what might the theological consequences be? Can there be communio cum Christo without community? Are communal 'carriers of faith' a necessity? The author discusses this question and argues that 'believing without belonging' is a dead-end route for the church. In the last section of the article four ideal-typical church-concepts, reminiscent of the Weber-Troeltsch distinction of 'church' and 'sect', are outlined of which the contours are emerging in each of the different contexts. The concepts serve heuristic purposes, located between the polarities: 'individual and community', 'freedom and bonds'.