Дисертації з теми "Cholestérol cellulaire"
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Chambenoit, Olivier. "ABCA1 et l'homéostasie du cholestérol cellulaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22023.
Повний текст джерелаKerdous, Rachid. "Utilisation de nanoparticules copolymériques pour le ciblage cellulaire de photosensibilisateurs : étude sur des membranes modèles et corrélation avec l’internalisation cellulaire." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066391.
Повний текст джерелаPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently an alternative technique to traditional chemotherapy for cancer treatment. It is based on the ability of certain molecules called photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species after light irradiation. Most of these molecules are known for their preferential retention in tumor tissues, but a number of drawbacks limit their use. Particularly, their relative hydrophobicity limits their solubility in biological media. New forms of photosensitizers are being developed, such as the use of nanoparticles to convey to the targeted tissues, to reduce toxicity and increase their specificity. Among these, the amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles PEO-b-PCL are good candidates because of their biodegradability and ability to generate controlled nano-sized objects. In addition, these systems are used to control the release of the photosensitizer once transported into target cells. The aim of the work presented in this manuscript aims to understand the mechanisms involved in the cellular internalization of a photosensitizer, the pheophorbide-a (pheo-a), alone or via nanoparticles. The interaction of this photosensitizer with model of membranes mimicking the lipidic part of the biological ones has been studied, in particular, by focusing on the effects of cholesterol, which is a major membrane component, governing its physical properties. Our results show that involves, among other mechanisms, a significant reduction of the flip-flop rate of the phéo-a through the membrane. The ability of this photosensitizer to damage and permeabilize the membranes was then evaluated in comparison to that of an amphiphilic, tri-carboxylic chlorine, the chlorin e6. The interaction of the pheo-a with nanoparticles and its transfer from these compartments to the membranes were studied. No transfer of the pheo-a via the aqueous phase takes place, but the transfer requires a direct collision between the nanoparticles with the vesicles. At the cellular level, the nanoparticles showed a marked improvement in the amount of internalized pheo-a relative to the one internalized without nanoparticles. In addition, the mechanisms of internalization have been highlighted. With nanoparticles, the incorporation of pheo-a is biphasic. The first phase is assigned to the fast direct transfer of the photosensitizer from the nanoparticles to the membranes, in which it redistributes. It is followed by a second phase, assigned to slow rating endocytosis of the nanoparticles
Ben, Hassen Celine. "Cibler l'homéostasie du cholestérol cellulaire pour traiter le cancer du sein." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3809.
Повний текст джерелаOne in eight women will have to face breast cancer at some point in her life. Risk factors can be hereditary or environmental. Previous studies have shown that cholesterol levels can play an important role in the regulation of tumor progression. To test this hypothesis, we modulated cholesterol metabolism in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 using a genetics approach: increasing cholesterol elimination by expressing apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I; regulating cellular cholesterol efflux), or modulating cholesterol metabolism by expressing apolipoprotein E (apoE; regulating cellular influx and efflux of cholesterol). We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results show that expressing apoA-I or apoE stimulates proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth of MCF-7 cells, via the regulation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways and possibly via caveolin-1. However, apoA-I and apoE reduce proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells
Solignat, Maxime. "Cycle de réplication du virus Chikungunya chez l'homme et l'Aedes : tropisme cellulaire et mécanisme d'entrée." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T007.
Повний текст джерелаChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquitoe transmitted Arbovirus and more particulary by the Aedes mosquitoe genus. This Alphavirus which belongs to the Semliki Forest group was identified like the responsible [i. E. Responsable] agent for the epidemic disease in 2005 and 2006 on the territory of La Reunion and in the Indian Ocean. Whereas this disease was generally regarded as nonfatal, 256 deaths were directly allotted to the virus at the time of the epidemic episode in La Reunion. Although it was isolated in 1952, the CHIKV remains poorly understood and the brutal modifications of the physiopathology of the infection by this virus in La Reunion are unexplained to date. No treatment is available at the present time. Among envelopped viruses, there are various entry pathways in the host cell which are as many targets to inhibit the replicative cycle of these viruses. The main aim of my thesis consisted in characterizing the entry mechanism of CHIKV in human cells and in mosquitoe cells of the Aedes family. Thus, we described for the first time the entry mechanism of CHIKV in these target [i. E. Targets] cells and this, for various viral isolates. More particularly, we highlighted the role of the clathrin mediated endocytic pathway and the endosomes vesicles in these mechanism [i. E. Mechanismes]. Finally, we studied the influence of cellular and molecular interactions between the CHIKV and the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia on viral replication. This obligatory intracellular bacteria which is present in the natural populations of Aedes albopictus could be implied in the transmission cycle and the viral pathogenesis of the CHIKV as it is already shown for other virus-arthropods-Wolbachia systems
Autran, Delphine. "Altérations de l'efflux de cholestérol cellulaire en phase postprandiale lors des états d'insulino-résistance." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T245.
Повний текст джерелаBionda, Clara. "Implications des Microdomaines Rafts de la Membrane Plasmique dans la Résistance aux Radiations Ionisantes d’un modèle cellulaire de Carcinome Epidermoïde de la Tête et du Cou." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10347.
Повний текст джерелаThe tumoral sensitivity to ionizing radiation results from the balance between the mechanisms of agression leading to cell death and the mechanisms of intracellular repair and survival. Apart from the radiation-induced damage of DNA, early events at the plasma membrane represent a determining phase in the radiation-induced apoptosis. In a model of HNSCC, we demonstrated the fundamental role of raft microdomains in the transduction of signaling pathways leading to radiation-induced apoptosis of radiosensitive SCC61 cells. By contrast, a defect of structural rearrangement of the rafts was observed in SQ20B cells, a result that could partly explain their radio-resistance. A pharmacological modulation of the rafts with methyl-β-cyclodextrin was carried out, leading to apoptosis of SCC61 cells involving the Fas pathway but activating the survival EGF-R pathway in SQ20B cells, both in a ligand-independent manner
Zarubica, Ana. "Influence du transporteur ABCA1 sur le microenvironnement lipidique de la membrane plasmique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22025.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe ABCA1 transporter is involved in the Apo A-I/mediated removal of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol at the cell membrane. Considering that ABCA1 acts as lipid translocator we investigated the effect of the transporter on membrane lipid microenvironment. By biochemical assays, we demonstrated that the ATP-ase activity of ABCA1 modifies the partitioning in lipid rafts of the transporter itself and other membrane proteins such as the transferrin receptor (TfR), TfR dynamic kinetics and down regulates TfR-mediated endocytosis. We then assessed by biophysical methods, cationic sensors and FLIM, significant modifications of membrane attributes at the inner and outer leaflet in the presence of ABCA1. Furthermore, we evidenced overall changes in membrane dynamics in the presence of ABCA1 by FRAP. Finally, we correlate the mechanistic basis of ABCA1-dependent modulation of macrophage phenotype with the influence of ABCA1 on lipid raft dependent signaling downstream of IFNγR
Farnier, Céline. "Voies de signalisation impliquées dans l'adaptation de la fonction adipocytaire au changement de la taille cellulaire." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066113.
Повний текст джерелаAlmeida, Claudia. "Réorganisation des lipides des membranes par des peptides vecteurs d'internalisation cellulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS061/document.
Повний текст джерелаCell penetrating peptides are promising vectors for molecular drug delivery in eukaryotic cells. Despite of their discovery 20 years ago, the mechanisms of peptide membrane crossing are still controversial. Understanding then how they modify the membrane will allow later on a more efficient internalisation into the cell. Lipid organisation after penetratin interaction was studied by DSC and Laurdan fluorescence. Penetratin was able to induce membrane heterogeneity, which could be important for membrane destabilisation during cell internalisation. Furthermore, cholesterol is one of the most important regulators of membrane domains. Due to its strong affinity with saturated lipids, cholesterol presents the ability to form “rafts” (ordered domains). By cholesterol-pyrene, which is a probe that mimics cholesterol, we studied the liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) domains of the membrane. Firstly, we determined the wavelengths that characterise each of these domains by multivariable analysis and then, we verify the peptide effect (R9, RW9 and penetratin) in the distribution of these domains. RW9 were the only CPP able to cross the membrane (Ld). We can deduce that lipid distribution in the membrane is important for the peptide internalisation and the interfaces between these domains may play an important role during this process
Thies, Frank. "Etude de l'influence de différentes formes d'apport d'acides gras insaturés sur le métabolisme cellulaire." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJO5069.
Повний текст джерелаJaspard, Béatrice. "Lipoprotéines de haute densité et efflux de cholestérol cellulaire : solement et caractérisation des pré-bêta HDL." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30014.
Повний текст джерелаHammami, Mohamed. "Transport cellulaire du cholestérol et régulation de la biosynthèse des hormones stéroïdes dans les cellules corticosurrénaliennes murines cultivées dans des milieux sans sérum." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS043.
Повний текст джерелаMalaval, Camille. "Régulation de la captation hépatique des HDL : la voie F1-ATPase/P2Y13 : de la caractérisation cellulaire au modèle animal." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/390/.
Повний текст джерелаHDL mediate the elimination of cholesterol thanks to their internalization by hepatocytes. We identified in hepatocytes a new pathway for HDL endocytosis as following: stimulation of an ectopic cell surface F1-ATPase by the HDL apolipoprotein A-I, induces the production of ADP which in turn activates the purinergic receptor P2Y13, triggering HDL endocytosis through unknown low affinity receptor(s). In one hand, we identified a major role of the small GTPase RhoA and its effector ROCK1 downstream P2Y13. This cell signalling stimulates the HDL endocytosis by remodelling actin cytoskeleton. In other hand, the study in mice showed the crucial role of P2Y13 in HDL catabolism and in the subsequent cholesterol biliary elimination. Taking together, these results demonstrate the importance of the receptor P2Y13 in cholesterol metabolism. Thus, P2Y13 appears as a new pharmacological target to control reverse cholesterol transport and prevent hypercholesterolemia
Dusserre, Eric. "Métabolisme et mouvements du cholestérol dans les différents compartiments du myocyte artériel : mécanismes impliqués et influence de la dédifférenciation cellulaire." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T009.
Повний текст джерелаAbi, Char Joëlle. "Expression membranaire des canaux potassiques shaker Kv 1. 5 cardiaques : rôle du cholestérol et des protéïnes d'ancrage." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077236.
Повний текст джерелаIn the heart, ion channels are integral membrane proteins that are responsible for the cardiac electrical activity. Potassium channels are multi-protein complexes constituted by a subunits (the pore-forming and selectivity filter), ß-subunits, and many other partner proteins. Ion channels localization in specialized membrane domains is an important determinant for cardiac excitability. This localization depends on many proteins interactions as well as on the lipid environment of these channels. In the present study, we examined the role of the MAGUK protein SAP97 and the membrane cholesterol on the function and localisation of Kv1. 5 potassium ion channels. In human atrium, Kv1. 5 underlies the ultra rapid rectifier current Ikur. Our results show that, following SAP97 overexpression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, endogenous Kv1. 5 subunits are clustered at cell-cell contacts giving rise to an increase in the amplitude of Ikur- Using "Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching" (FRAP) technique, we show that Kv1. 5-GFP channel mobility is reduced by SAP97. In CHO cells, where Kv1. 5 channel localization is strongly diffuse, SAP97 reduces channel mobility and organise them in "plaque-like clusters". These results show that SAP97 retains Kv1. 5 in cell membrane. Application of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (MCD), that induces membrane cholesterol depletion, causes a delayed increase in amplitude of Ikur in isolated rat atrial myocytes as well as in neonatal cardiomyocytes transfected with Kv1. 5-GFP. In atrial cryosections, Kv1. 5 channels are rarely located in caveolae but mainly found in the poor cholesterol fractions showing the existence of different membrane compartments. MCD also caused reorganization of Kv1. 5-GFP into large clusters at the membrane periphery of myocytes. The MCD effect on clusters was sizable around 7 minutes after its application, which is the time necessary to detect an MCD-increase in IKUP amplitude. This work helps to identify novel mechanisms responsible for Kv1. 5 channels organization in the membrane
M'Zali, Hocine. "Inhibition de la phosphorylation des phosphoinositides et du phosphatidate dans les globules rouges déplétés en cholestérol : incidence sur la forme cellulaire." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112316.
Повний текст джерелаMembrane cholesterol-depletion (5-25%) of human erythrocytes (normally discocytes) induced their conversion into stomatocytes and spherostomatocytes. These shape changes occurred together with modifications of the metabolism of some membrane phospholipids. The turnover of polyphosphoinositides (PPI) and phosphatidic acid (PA) was studied by I ³²p I –phosphate labelling in intact cells and the enzymatic activities involved in this turnover were measured in isolated membranes. It is shown that the phosphorylation of PPI and PA was decreased by cholesterol depletion. In the contrary their concentration and the activity of the kinases and phospholipase C were not affected. This reflected a decrease in the turnover of these phospholipids probably resulting from their delocalization within the membrane where they are less accessible to the enzymes/ Preliminary results obtained on the morphology of isolated membranes suggest that PPI may be involved in the control of erythrocyte shape. It is suggested that the PPI interacting with glycophorine modulate its interaction with protein 4. 1. The protein-protein interactions between cytoskeleton and membrane would be modified as a consequence of the PPI reorganization in the membrane and could be at the origin of the shape changes observed after cholesterol depletion
El, Hafidi Mohammed. "Hydropéroxydes d'esters du cholesterol : synthèse - effets sur la prolifération cellulaire." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20110.
Повний текст джерелаHilaire, Nathalie. "Métabolisme cellulaire des lipides neutres cytoplasmiques et myopathie à surcharge lipidique multisystémique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30051.
Повний текст джерелаAl-Makdissy, Nehmann. "Sphingomyéline, un inducteur potentiel de l'insulino-résistance dans l'adipocyte : implications des gènes du métabolisme glucidiqueet lipidique." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN11324.
Повний текст джерелаGarrigues, Alexia. "Mécanismes fonctionnels de la P-glycoprotéine : reconnaissance de composés cytotoxiques hydrophobes et interaction spécifique avec la membrane." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112056.
Повний текст джерелаP-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an active plasma membrane transporter involved in cellular, detoxification in several tissues. It actively expels out of cell a number of cytotoxic molecules, all amphiphilic but chemically unrelated. When P-gp is overexpressed in some cancer cells, it is responsible for the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype which reduces the effectiveness of various cytotoxic drugs used in anticancer chemotherapy. In order to identify molecular properties responsible for the binding selectivity of P-gp we combined a molecular modelling approach of several substrates and an enzymatic study. We determined the molecular characteristics of two different pharmacophores in the drug binding pocket of P-gp. This new model shows that the binding on P-gp is governed by the size of the substrates and overall by the intramolecular organisation of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains rather than by specific chemical motifs. .
Ameziane, Le Hir Sarah. "Propriétés d'interactions aux lipides membranaires de sous-domaines de la dystrophine : effet de l'hétérogénéité moléculaire." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S163.
Повний текст джерелаInteractions between protein and lipids are involved in several biological processes during which physicochemical properties of both partners influence each other behavior. We characterized here the nteractions of fragments of the central rod domain of dystrophin with membrane lipids. Dystrophin is a long muscular protein which plays an important role in the membrane and cellular stability during muscular effort. Its absence or dysfunction due to deletions causes muscular dystrophies. In particular, we studied fragment R16-21 of the central rod domain constituted by helical repeats and by flexible hinges. Using membrane models and combining biochemical and biophysical methods, we highlighted the role of hinge 3 in the increase of the affinity of R16-21 for anionic lipids, which would favor the membrane stability and the interactions with other partners. We showed that the behavior of this fragment with lipids is sensitive to the presence of cholesterol or saturated lipids. Deletions found in patients in this R16-21 fragment were shown to decrease the structural stability and to modify the behavior with lipids compared to the native protein. In conclusion, we show that the organization to the membrane of the R16-21 fragment of dystrophin, or mutated fragments, is modulated by the lipid environment and by their structure and conformation, which confer them different functions in the muscular cell
Maurin, Lucien. "Interactions moléculaires du cholestérol dans les membranes, à l'aide d'un analogue paramagnétique (antibiotiques polyéniques et cytochrome P-450 S C C." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20077.
Повний текст джерелаSarr, Fatima Seydou. "Modélisation du mécanisme de diffusion d'une série de statines à travers la membrane cellulaire : approche biochromatographique et thermodynamique." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe xenobiotic cell membrane passage studies such as statins is needed to assess their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. It is done through three types of stationary phases filling a chromatographic column : an Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) to study passive diffusion, an Oatp2 stationnary phase (Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2) and cell membrane stationary phases (CMSP) (i. E. Constituted with extracts membrane of rat hepatocytes Oatp2 overexpressed or not to study facilitated diffusion). These studies will analyze and better understand the physical and chemical processes involved in the xenobiotic diffusion mechanism. The results showed that the interactions governing the statin association with biological membranes or transporters are Van der Waals, hydrogen and electrostatic bonds. The hydrophobic effect plays a major role in this association. We have also shown that magnesium increases the station passive diffusion but decreases their facilitated diffusion. The Oatp2 stationary phase models the statin diffusion optimal and similar to the CMC. This new Oatp2 stationary phase easier to develop experimentally, coupled with an analytical column separate classic (type C18) and a mass spectrum (i. E. , CLHP-Oapt2/CLHP-C18/SM) should serve to make studies such as " screening " to find and develop new and specific inhibitors for each member of the Oatp subfamily
Wolff, Jean. "Un modèle théorique des mélanges ternaires de lipides et de cholestérol." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068363.
Повний текст джерелаBerthier, Arnaud. "Etude des voies de signalisation cellulaire induites par les dérivés oxydés du cholestérol : rôle du calcium et des protéines pro-apoptotiques Bad et Bim." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOMU08.
Повний текст джерелаSégala, Grégory. "Caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l'activité anti-cancéreuse du Tamoxifène et de la Dendrogénine A." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1694/.
Повний текст джерелаTamoxifen (Tam) is one the leading drug used for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. Resistances to Tam limit its therapeutic use and the identification of mechanisms involved in these resistances requires an accurate knowledge of its pharmacology. ER is the best-known target of Tam but other targets exist such as the Antiestrogen Binding Site (AEBS). Marc Poirot's team showed that AEBS is involved in the anti-cancerous effects of Tam by a mechanism that induced a perturbation in sterol metabolism. During my thesis, we discovered that the AEBS carried out the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH) activity which catalyzes the transformation of 5,6-epoxy-cholesterol (5,6-EC) into cholestane-3,5,6-triol. We showed that Tam induced the production of 5,6-EC in tumor cells and stimulated their accumulation through ChEH inhibition. We found that some 5,6-EC metabolites were modulators of the oxysterols nuclear receptor LXRß. We characterized the involvement of LXRß in the anticancer action of Tam and showed a deregulation of this oxysterol signaling pathway in a Tam-resistant cell line. At the same time, we discovered that one 5,6-EC was metabolized in normal tissue into Dendrogenin A (DDA), the first steroidal alkaloid discovered in mammals, but DDA was found absent in neoplastic tissues, suggesting a link between DDA metabolism and oncogenesis. We found that DDA has a strong anti-tumor potency on breast cancers and metastatic melanoma through the induction of tumor cell differentiation and death, which prompted its development for clinical applications. We demonstrated that LXRß is a direct target of DDA and established that the cytotoxicity of DDA was LXRß-dependent and involved apoptosis and cytotoxic autophagy. The characterization of the mechanisms of action of Tam and DDA will allow an optimal therapeutic use of these two molecules and also the development of new personalized anti-cancer therapies
Scholler, Joulie Aline. "La protéine Niemann-Pick type C1a est requise pour la réception du signal Hedgehog chez Drosophila melanogaster." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4107.
Повний текст джерелаMembers of the hedgehog (hh) gene family encode secreted proteins that control cell proliferation and patterning in both insects and vertebrates. Dysregulation of Hh signaling activity is responsible for numerous pathologies including several types of cancer and developmental malformations. The receptor complex for Hh includes many proteins, and the function of each protein is still not clearly understood. During my Thesis, I analysed further the role of the proteins involved in Hh reception. My work focused on the Drosophila homolog of the Niemann-Pick C1 gene, dNPC1a. In humans, the alteration of NPC1 gene is responsible of the neuroviserale, Niemann-Pick type C disease. NPC1 protein is required for cholesterol export from the late endosome/lysosome system, affecting, in consequence, cholesterol homeostasis. Moreover, it has been shown that this NPC1 function is conserved in Drosophila. I showed for the first time that the dNPC1a loss of function inhibits Hh signalling. As NPC1 may function in cholesterol homeostasis and because Hh is the only known molecules to be naturally covalently modified with a cholesterol moiety, we thought we had identified a new link between cholesterol homeostasis and Hh signalling. However, our results show that dNPC1a is not required for the modification of Hh by cholesterol or for Hh secretion. On the contrary, we provide evidence that dNPC1a acts in the Hh receiving cells at the same level as, or upstream of, the Hh receptor Patched (Ptc) and colocalizes with the Hh-Ptc complex in internalised vesicles. Moreover, in the presence of Ptc, dNPC1a enhances the binding of Hh protein to cells expressing another component of the Hh reception machinery, Interference Hedgehog (Ihog). Our data show a synergistic effect between dNPC1a, Ihog, and Ptc for Hh binding. Together these data indicate that dNPC1a influences Hh pathway activity by modulating Hh signal reception. During my thesis, I have identified a new role of dNPC1a within the Hh reception complex. I hope, this story will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of Hh reception
André, Aurore. "Etude de l'influence de l'environnement lipidique sur la fonctionnalité et l'organisation membranaire des récepteurs mu et delta aux opioïdes." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/542/.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous evidences show the existence of lateral heterogeneities within the plasma membranes defined as lipid domains. Among these, lipid rafts, have been extensively studied. They are characterised by an enrichment in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and are depicted as fluid plaforms that segregate membrane components involved in a particular signaling process, like signal transduction of GPCR, promoting the specificity and the efficiency of the response. Here we study the role of the lipidic environment on the activity of two GPCRs, namely human mu and delta opioid receptors (hMOR and hDOR). Cholesterol, which is a main component implicated in the formation of rafts, was here the subject of a particular interest. Membranes fractions that were enriched in cholesterol (DRM) were analysed after cold extraction by TX-100 of cellular membranes. The data we obtained show that hMOR and hDOR are found in DRM at a basal state. In contrast, when activated by an agonist, a relocalisation of a fraction of these receptors is observed in DRM and we show that this phenomenon is dependant of the association of these receptors with G-proteins. The analysis of pharmacological properties of hDOR and hMOR upon cholesterol depletion show clearly that some pool of receptors need cholesterol for function. To complete these data, we next examined whether this effect was due to direct interactions of the receptors with cholesterol or membrane thickness. To test this assumption, we have investigate the effect of ergosterol on hMOR and hDOR pharmacology and the acyl-chain length of the phospholipids on the function of the reconstituted hDOR
Caron, Jérôme. "Hépatocytes différenciés à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes : un modèle d’études physiopathologiques et de thérapie génique et cellulaire - Application à l'hypercholestérolémie familiale de type IIA." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS533/document.
Повний текст джерелаLiver metabolic diseases modeling and cell therapy approaches require a a reliable and well-characterized cell source. Due to their specific properties, pluripotent stem cells represent a credible alternative to primary human hepatocytes. Thus, we have defined a new approach to differentiate a European human embryonic stem cell line, generated in GMP-compatible conditions, into hepatocytes that are functional in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into a murine model of acute liver failure. We have then used induced pluripotent stem cells from a homozygous patient with a mutation leading to an absence of the low-density lipoproteins receptor (LDLR) to model familial hypercholesterolemia type IIA (FH) in vitro. As hepatocytes are the only cells able to metabolize cholesterol into bile acids, we have improved our approach to differentiate these iPSC into hepatocytes displaying cell functional organization and polarization. We have shown that our model reproduced FH physiopathology and have also restored, by the genetic targeted correction at the AAVS1 locus using CRISPR/Cas technology and subsequent hepatocyte differentiation, the LDLR expression – inducible by statins - and functionality. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the LDLR does not seem to be involved in hepatitis C virus entry or replication but rather in viral morphogenesis steps. This model will be useful to develop new cholesterol-lowering and antiviral drugs as well as new cell therapy options. Furthermore, it can be applied to similar studies for other liver metabolic disorders
Kedjouar, Blandine. "Le site microsomal de liaison des antioestrogènes (AEBS) : participation au métabolisme du cholestérol, implication dans le contrôle de la prolifération." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30063.
Повний текст джерелаRoussi, Stamatiki. "Etude de la signalisation cellulaire de l'apoptose induite par le 7β-hydroxysitosterol et le 7β-hydroxycholesterol dans les cellules cancéreuses coliques humaines". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/ROUSSI_Stamatiki_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаToday, it is well recognized that consumption of fruits and vegetables may contribute to the reduction of colon carcinogenesis. The phytosterols oxides are present in plants and they present structural similarities with cholesterol oxides. Cholesterol and phytosterols oxides have unknown physiopathologic properties. The 7-hydroxysitosterol (7-OHsito) and the 7-hydroxycholesterol (7-OHchol) are the most widespread oxides. Our study was aimed to compare the biological activity of both compounds on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of human colon cancer cell death. Our results have shown that the colon cancer Caco-2 cells did not exhibit the same sensibility towards hydroxysterols. In fact, we observed a 50% growth inhibition in the presence of 7-OHsito at 60µM and 7-OHchol at 30µM. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal membrane integrity were observed in the presence of both compounds. The 7-OHsito induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis whereas, the 7-OHchol induced a caspase-independent apoptosis associated with oxidative stress production. All processes were independent of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. We also studied the impact of both compounds on polyamine metabolism which is highly activated during colon carcinogenesis. Our data showed that two key enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are inhibited, whereas polyamine catabolism was enhanced by both hydroxysterols. These data indicate that polyamine metabolic perturbations triggered only by 7-OHchol are related to apoptotic cell death. In return, polyamine metabolism perturbations induced by 7-OHsito seem to be associated to apoptosis initiation of apoptosis without affecting it directly. In conclusion, both hydroxysterols inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) via different apoptotic pathways in spite of their structural similarities. The two hydroxysterols exhibit different lipophilic properties which may explain their different biological effects
Lecigne, David. "Conception et évaluation de nouveaux peptides internalisants." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13501.
Повний текст джерелаThe Tat peptide is one of the most used cell penetrating peptides for internalizing various cargo molecules into cells. The chimaeric molecule thus triggers an efficient cellular biological response when compared with the cargo molecule alone. However, following labeling of the Tat peptide with radiolabeled iodine, less than 1% of the external peptide was internalized. Therefore, there is an opportunity to improve the level of CPP internalization. The ultimate step is the crossing through the plasma membrane. This thesis presents an evaluation of the impact of a hydrophobic group incorporated at different positions to Tat peptide, to promote its interaction with the membrane.A chemically modified amino acid comprising a cholesteryl group was developed in this direction. This amino acid can be inserted at any position within the Tat peptide. Different positions within the Tat peptide were cholesterylated and the effect on the internalization rate of Tat CPP was investigated by flow cytometry and by counting following the radiolabeling of peptides with iodine 125.The addition of cholesterol in the central position of the peptide Tat induces internalization efficiency than a factor of 30 while a smaller increase was observed after the addition of hydrophobic group in lateral positions, N-or C-terminus
Syeda, Farisa. "Capacité du plasma à promouvoir l'efflux du cholestérol cellulaire en période postprandiale chez l'homme normolipidémique sous régimes contrôlés : rôle des acides gras alimentaires, des enzymes de transfert des lipides et des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112339.
Повний текст джерелаDietary lipids are able to affect fasting and postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in a significant way, thereby modifying the risk of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aims of the present study were firstly to evaluate in normolipidemic healthy men, the qualitative effect of dietary fatty acids on fasting and postprandial lipid parameters, in order to define an optimal range of monounsaturated fat supply and secondly to determine the role of postprandial lipoprotein modifications in the mechanisms involved in the reverse cholesterol transport. Our results showed that in conditions of balanced and stabilized dietary fat supply comprising 11% to 16% monounsaturated, associated with 5-6% polyunsaturated fatty acids ( of total energy intake),plasma lipid parameters
Brand, Céline. "Une nouvelle cible de TGF(bêta)1 dans le contrôle de la stéroidogenèse corticosurrénalienne : StAR (protéine régulatrice du transport intramitochondrial du cholestérol)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10137.
Повний текст джерелаRosignoli, Carine. "Effets des androgènes et des agonistes des récepteurs nucléaires PPARs sur la fonction de la glande sébacée in vivo." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON1T017.
Повний текст джерелаGirard, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation de nouveaux régulateurs du transport intracellulaire du cholestérol : mise en évidence du rôle de la dynamine et des GTPases Rab7 et Rab9." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923162.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Guyader Laurent. "Utilisation de sondes pyréniques in vivo pour caractériser l'état de phase global de la membrane plasmique de cellules eucaryotes : application à la détection de la liaison d'agonistes au récepteur "delta" opioïde murin." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/53/.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of tools for the screening of new receptors’ agonists is a major issue for pharmaceutical research. Currently, the main targets used are the G-protein coupled receptor of the plasma membrane which the activation trigger the signaling pathways involved in many cell functions. The goal of this thesis is the detection, using a spectrofluorometry approach in vivo, of the signaling pathway ignition by the mouse delta opioid receptor (mDOR). DOR is assumed to generate a relocalisation of some lipids (cholesterol) while agonist binding leading to the formation of a liquid-ordered phase (lo). Thus two fluorescent probes have been synthesized, which the 3beta-hydroxy-pregn-5-ene-21-(1-methylpyrenyl)-20-methylidene. Data from calorimetry and RMN-2H studies show that this probe induces the same lipid membranes disturbance than cholesterol. Absorption data of the probe allowed the assessment of a self-association process of cholesterol in model membranes, which is as a function of the acyl-chains saturation degree of phospholipids. Then the polarity sensitive property of the probe has been used to distinguish between ld and lo phases in model membranes. Finally, we incorporated the probes in CHO cells over-expressing mDOR to monitor, by fluorescence spectroscopy, the mean phase state change of the plasma membrane triggered by a mDOR agonist. This is the first step of a new screening approach
Duclos, Sandrine. "Effets des proliférateurs de péroxysomes sur la régulation du cholestérol et de son métabolisme dans des modèles cellulaires d'origine hépatique." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS077.
Повний текст джерелаBuard, Isabelle. "Relevance of glial cells in cellular mechanisms underlying the Niemann-Pick type C disease." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BUARD_Isabelle_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNiemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease due to mutations in the npc1 gene. NPC patients show progressive hepatosplenomegaly and central nervous system degeneration and abnormal intracellular accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in different tissues. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells are specifically affected showing abnormal dendritic morphology and a high rate of cell death. So far, it is unclear how a defect in NPC1, which is thought to mediate the intracellular transport of cholesterol, causes neurodegeneration. An important question is whether neurons die in a cell-autonomous manner or due to a breakdown of neuron-glia interactions. We have postulated that glia-derived cholesterol is necessary for the synapse formation and maintenance and that a defect in NPC1 causes loss of synapses and subsequently neuronal cell death. To test this hypothesis, we established new glia-free primary cultures of immunoisolated cerebellar neurons from postnatal mice. These cultures together with a mouse model of NPC allowed to determine the relevance of functional NPC1 in neurons and glial cells for synapse development and function. To study synapses, we recorded synaptic activity in granule cells (GCs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) by whole-cell patch-clamp. In the absence of glia, only GCs but not PCs formed synaptic connections. Glial cells promoted development of synapses between GCs and PCs independently from the presence of functional NPC1 in neurons or in glia. In contrast, absence of NPC1 in GCs and/or in glia impaired dramatically synaptogenesis between GCs. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the impairment and ultimately degeneration of PCs in NPC is caused by deficient synapse development or function in GCs
Lesage, Denis. "Transfert d'acides nucléiques dans des modèles cellulaires tumoraux in vitro et in vivo par des liposomes cationiques à base de cholestérol." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132003.
Повний текст джерелаMartinez, Laurent. "Caratérisation et purification de récepteurs hépathiques aux lipoprotéines de haute densité(HDL)." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30071.
Повний текст джерелаCasiraghi, Marina. "Functional modulation of a G protein-coupled receptor conformational landscape in a lipid bilayer." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC138/document.
Повний текст джерелаG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of integral membrane protein receptors present in most eukaryotic cells. They play a key role in signal transduction and understanding their signalling mechanism represents one of the main issues in biology today. In the characterization of the energy landscape of these receptors, at the atomic scale, X-ray crystal atomic structures published during the last decade represent the major breakthrough and contribution in the structural biology of GPCRs. They represent a precious starting point in the understanding of the mechanism of signal transduction by placing structures in the conformational ensemble of these receptors along the activation pathway. To complete these static snapshots that correspond to low energy and highly populated states, a characterization of the whole conformational ensemble and associated kinetic barriers is fundamental to complete the picture. To this aim we proposed an innovative approach to observe GPCRs dynamic conformational landscape and how it is modulated by ligands and lipids, that are known to play a key role in membrane protein structures and functions (e.g.). One of the most appropriate tool to explore GPCR kinetic barriers is solution state NMR. To do so, we used 13CH3 probes immersed in a perdeuterated environment, the most appropriate isotope-labelling scheme to investigate conformational landscapes of large proteins or protein complexes with this spectroscopy. We chose Escherichia coli as expression system for its ability to grow in very hostile conditions like 100%-D2O solutions. In order to overcome the usual expression issues concerning GPCRs, we applied an innovative protocol which targets the expression directly to inclusion bodies. This allows the production of high amounts of proteins (up to 6 mg/litre of culture of pure 13CH3-u-2H-GPCRs). Once purified, receptors are folded in amphipols and then transferred to nanometric lipid bilayers or nanodiscs. Importantly quantitative pharmacological measurements indicate that receptors embedded in NLBs following this protocol are stable and fully active in the conditions of the NMR experiments. NMR investigation of a GPCR in a NLB gave rise to a resolution never achieved in the field thanks to a fine tuned biochemistry and a perdeuteration of the receptor. According to our data, the prototypical receptor, the leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT2), is able to explore multiple different conformations, even in the unliganded state, including the active state. This conformational landscape is further modulated by ligands and lipids. In particular, we observed that an increment in the sterol content of the membrane modifies the distribution of the different conformational states of the receptor in favour of the active one, indicating a positive allosteric regulation of the sterol on the activation of this receptor, as confirmed by GTP-to-G protein binding measurements. This property of the sterol is likely important for the control of the signalling properties of GPCRs
Cypriani, Benoit. "Effet de l'oestradiol et des anti-oestrogènes sur la biosynthèse de cholestérol par des lignées de cellules tumorales : relation avec la présence de récepteurs aux oestrogènes et de sites de liaison aux anti-oestrogènes." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20198.
Повний текст джерелаPouvreau, Sandrine. "Régulation du couplage excitation-contraction par le cholestérol et l'oxyde nitrique dans la fibre musculaire squelettique de souris." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011998.
Повний текст джерелаGueddari, Nai͏̈ma. "Mise en évidence et expression du récepteur aux LDL dans des lignées tumorales humaines : étude de sa régulation dans la lignée d'adénocarcinome pulmonaire A549." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30160.
Повний текст джерелаMas, Emmanuel. "Transport entérocytaire des lipides : rôles de SR-BI et de MTP." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/954/.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral proteins are involved in intestinal lipid absorption. We studied the roles of the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Plasma lipid levels of mice overexpressing SR-BI specifically in the intestine differ according to their genetic background (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J). We performed a polymorphism screening of backcrossed mice and we found quantitative trait loci associated with plasma lipid levels. We characterized 2 children with an abetalipoproteinemia. They are compound heterozygote with 2 mutations of MTP resulting in a deletion of exon 6 or 10. Mutant proteins are present at the reticulum; they lost their triglyceride transfer function
Lakomy, Daniela. "Modulation des cellules dendritiques et macrophages : implications dans le cancer et l'athérosclérose." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00938649.
Повний текст джерелаDelaunay, Jean-Louis. "Rôle des microdomaines membranaires dans le ciblage apical de la nucléotide pyrophosphatase NPP3 dans les cellules MDCK." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429983.
Повний текст джерелаGentil, Dit Maurin Alice. "Propriétés différentielles de la VE- et de la N-cadhérine dans l'endothelium vasculaire." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507102.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia-Castillo, Maria Daniela. "Mechanisms of Endosomal Membrane Translocation Leading to Antigen Cross-presentation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T075.
Повний текст джерелаIn the introduction, various endocytic and intracellular trafficking pathways will be discussed. I acquaint the reader with ribosome-inactivating proteins, with emphasis on the structure, endocytosis, and intracellular trafficking of the bacterial toxin Shiga toxin (STx). STx and ricin follow the retrograde route to exert their toxic effect on cells. They are respectively, an infectious disease threat to human health and potential tools for bioterrorism for which no antidote currently exists. From a high throughput screening, Retro-1 and Retro-2 had previously been identified as potent inhibitors of the retrograde route at the early endosomes-TGN interface, and Retro-2 was demonstrated to protect mice against ricin. Of the trafficking factors analyzed, only the SNARE protein syntaxin-5 was re-localized in Retro-2 treated cells. Yet, whether syntaxin-5 is the direct target of Retro-2 and whether its re-localization was directly responsible for retrograde transport inhibition remained to be established