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Книги з теми "Choice reversal"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Reversal theory: Motivation, emotion, and personality. London: Routledge, 1989.

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2

Apter, Michael J. Reversal theory: The dynamics of motivation, emotion, and personality. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oneworld, 2007.

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3

Autumn, Rogers, ed. [Un earth]: Exploring a land with no name. Waukegan, IL: Plethora Publishing, 2008.

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4

Negotiating identity in contemporary Japan: The case of kikokushijo. London: Kegan Paul International, 2000.

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5

The art of coming home. Yarmouth, Me: Intercultural Press, 1997.

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6

The art of coming home. Yarmouth, Me: Intercultural Press, 2001.

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7

Japan's "international youth": The emergence of a new class of schoolchildren. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1990.

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8

Barnard, Amanda S. Size-dependent phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.5.

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This article investigates size-dependent phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale. In general, the crystallization of a nanomaterial into a particular structure is kinetically driven. However, the choice of which structure occurs in a specific size range is often a result of thermodynamics. These size-dependent phase relationships may be explored by analyzing the free energy and enthalpy of formation. This article considers the size-dependent phase stability of nanomaterials based on experimental and theoretical studies of zirconia and titania. It describes the use of bulk phase diagrams to capture important information on the stability of materials. It also highlights some of the physical parameters that influence phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale, including temperature, pressure, shape, solution chemistry, surface chemistry and surface charge.

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9

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Anticoagulation and Reversal Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0007.

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Management of anticoagulation, is a common practice. This chapter discusses best approaches, heparin choices, and safety issues. Anticoagulation is required in immobilized patients in the neurosciences intensive care unit to prevent deep venous thrombosis and the more consequential pulmonary embolus. There are very few strong indications for anticoagulation in ischemic stroke and exceptions are discussed. Reversal of anticoagulation is also needed in some patients and certainly in patients with recent significant trauma or spontaneous hemorrhages. Current reversal protocols require intravenous vitamin K, fresh-frozen plasma, and more often, prothrombin complex concentrate. Reversal of the effect of the direct oral anticoagulants is more difficult but options are discussed.

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10

Byrne, Logan. Fae's Choice: A Reverse Harem Paranormal Romance. Independently Published, 2018.

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11

Her Royal Choice: A Reverse Harem Romance. Celtic Hearts Press, 2019.

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12

Collins, Megan Eileen, and Thomas A. Loughran. Rational Choice Theory, Heuristics, and Biases. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.1.

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A growing body of research on offender decision making has focused on studying the use of heuristic biases, or cognitive shortcuts taken in certain situations, when offenders make decisions in the face of uncertainty. The idea is that when offenders (or any individuals) are contemplating uncertain decisions with limited time, information, or resources to make a rational choice calculus, heuristics enable a suitable decision to be reached quickly. However, often heuristics can lead to biases, errors, preference reversals, or suboptimal decisions. This chapter considers departures from rational behavior and heuristics and biases, specifically how the latter have been integrated into the study of offenders’ choice calculus. In particular, it reviews how biases and deviations from rationality have been routinely observed when studying offender decisions.

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13

Wilcox, Nathaniel Thomas. A decision cost analysis of decision anomalies: The case of preference reversals in risky choice tasks. 1992.

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14

Nazarov, Zafar. Maternal Input Choices and Child Cognitive Development: Testing for Reverse Causality. RAND Corporation, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/wr813.

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15

Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. Prospect Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.281.

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Prospect theory is one of the most influential behavioral theories in the international relations (IR) field, particularly among scholars of security studies, political psychology, and foreign policy analysis. Developed by Israeli psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, prospect theory provides key insights into decision making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. For example, most individuals are risk averse to secure gains, but risk acceptant to avoid losses (loss aversion). In addition, most people value items they already posses more than they value items they want to acquire (endowment effect), and tend to be risk averse if they perceive themselves to be facing gains relative to their reference point (risk propensity). Prospect theory has generated an enormous volume of scholarship in IR, which can be divided into two “generations”. The first generation (1990–1999) sought to establish prospect theory’s plausibility in the “real world” by testing hypotheses derived from it against subjective expected-utility theory or rational choice models of foreign policy decision making. The second generation (2000–present) began to incorporate concepts associated with prospect theory and related experimental literature on group risk taking into existing mid-level theories of IR and foreign policy behavior. Two substantive areas covered by scholars during this period are coercive diplomacy and great power intervention in the periphery as they relate to loss aversion. Both generations of prospect theory literature suffer from conceptual and methodological difficulties, mainly around the issues of reference point selection, framing, and preference reversal outside laboratory settings.

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16

Hale, Christopher Dicran. Are Western Christian Bhajans “Reverse” Mission Music? Edited by Jonathan Dueck and Suzel Ana Reily. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859993.013.10.

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This chapter contrasts the contextualization of the Hindu bhajan in Christian churches in North India with its recontextualization as a medium of worship in North America. The author discusses his engagement with “Yeshu bhakti,” a North Indian Hindu modality of devotion (bhakti) focused on Jesus Christ (Yeshu) as the “God of choice.” The band Aradhna, composed of the children of missionaries to India and Nepal, draws on its members’ multiple musical backgrounds to present a “third” religious domain, derived from Hinduism and Christianity. The chapter shows how Aradhna’s music tries to draw together different religious traditions, focusing on their points of conversion. Addressing possible problems of cultural and religious ownership in the band’s practice, the author notes that Aradhna aims to create a new religious space, a meeting place of musics and religions that is something new—and an alternative to Eurocentric Christianity.

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17

Levy, David M., and Ieva Saule. General anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0022.

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General anaesthesia (GA) is most often indicated for category 1 (immediate threat to life of mother or baby) caesarean delivery (CD) or when neuraxial anaesthesia has failed or is contraindicated. Secure intravenous access is essential. Jugular venous cannulation (with ultrasound guidance) is required if peripheral access is inadequate. A World Health Organization surgical safety checklist must be used. The shoulders and upper back should be ramped. Left lateral table tilt or other means of uterine displacement are essential to minimize aortocaval compression, and a head-up position is recommended to improve the efficiency of preoxygenation and reduce the likelihood of gastric contents reaching the oropharynx. Cricoid pressure is controversial. In the United Kingdom, thiopental remains the induction agent of choice, although there is scant evidence upon which to avoid propofol. In pre-eclampsia, it is essential to obtund the pressor response to laryngoscopy with remifentanil or alfentanil. Rocuronium is an acceptable alternative to succinylcholine for neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex offers the possibility of swifter reversal of rocuronium than spontaneous recovery from succinylcholine. Management of difficult tracheal intubation is focused on ‘oxygenation without aspiration’ and prevention of airway trauma. The Classic™ laryngeal mask airway is the most commonly used rescue airway in the United Kingdom. There is a large set of data from fasted women of low body mass index who have undergone elective CD safely with a Proseal™ or Supreme™ laryngeal mask airway. Sevoflurane is the most popular volatile agent for maintenance of GA. The role of electroencephalography-based depth of anaesthesia monitors at CD remains to be established. Intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide tension should be maintained below 4.0 kPa.

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18

Jones, Cynthia B. How I Made the Right Choice for Better Health: The Whole Food Way to Reverse Disease. Salem Author Services, 2022.

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19

Apter, Michael J. Reversal Theory: The Dynamics of Motivation, Emotion and Personality. 2nd ed. Oneworld Publications, 2006.

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20

Greer, Ian, Karen Breidahl, Matthias Knuth, and Flemming Larsen. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785446.003.0007.

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The failures of the work-first welfare state are in large part the failures of marketization. This book has discussed the specific practices of market making at the level of the transaction and their consequences for managers and front-line workers and for governance overall in the three countries. But it leaves additional questions about the effects of marketization—as we define it—on the performance of services, the effects of choices related to the four dilemmas, the international spread of marketization, resistance to marketization, the relationship between austerity and marketization, the incremental reversal of marketization, and the insourcing phenomenon. We conclude with broader lessons beyond employment services and reflections on the future of marketization.

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21

M.D. & Hans Diehl, DrHSc, MPH Aileen Ludington. Health Power: Health by Choice Not Chance (Proven method to reverse heart disease, beat diabetes, weight loss and slow aging). Review and Herald, 2002.

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22

Ponarin, Eduard, and Michael Komin. Imperial and ethnic nationalism: A dilemma of the Russian elite. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433853.003.0003.

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New drivers of Russian nationalism appeared in the 1990s, making possible either a return to imperial nationalism, as a reaction to globalisation, or, in response to ethnic conflict, a rise in ethnic nationalism. This chapter analyses the changing balance of elite and mass preferences and their influence on the choices made by the Russian government. Recently, in a sharp reversal of long-term post-Soviet trends, elite attitudes have shifted in favour of imperial projects beyond Russia’s borders. Another long-term trend has also accelerated: that of valuing military might over economic power in international relations. Anti-Muslim sentiment simmering across the Russian Federation might inspire ethnic nationalism. However, this chapter shows that mass-level attitudes towards Muslims correlate negatively with attitudes towards the USA. Given the current high levels of anti-US sentiment, the ethnic scenario seems unlikely – for the moment.

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23

Saraceno, Chiara, David Benassi, and Enrica Morlicchio. Poverty in Italy. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352211.001.0001.

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Italy is one of the EU countries that was hardest hit by the 2008 financial crisis and is also slowest in recovering, even compared to other Mediterranean countries that share some of its societal features. Poverty has steadily increased throughout the period following 2008, and no clear indication of a trend reversal is yet visible. Working poor, the young, children and migrant foreign households are the main victims of the situation. Also the territorial divide has deepened, with the Southern regions bearing the brunt of the crisis much more, and for a longer time, than the Centre-North ones. According to the authors, the duration and depth of the crisis in Italy, and its impact on poverty, were largely a consequence of long-term structural features of the Italian economy, of its weak and fragmented social safety net, with its high expectations concerning family solidarity and the gender division of labour on the one hand, of its sluggish growth since the 1990s on the other. Governments’ austerity choices in reaction to the crisis (and under pressure from the EU) have further strengthened these features, although the recent introduction of a minimum income provision has marked an important change in the policy approach to poverty.

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24

Varol, Ozan O. The Broken Promise. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626013.003.0020.

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This chapter analyzes coups that begin with promises of democratic rule but end with the establishment of dictatorship. Some coup makers lose their enthusiasm for democracy for irrational reasons. A successful victory against a dictator can foster self-indulgent fantasies about future possibilities. Although plenty of military leaders irrationally prefer dictatorship out of ignorance or ego, others choose dictatorship in a rational decision-making process. Although the costs of authoritarianism outweigh its benefits for many militaries, for some militaries, that calculus may be reversed. For example, the coup makers may believe that a loyalist dictator will benefit them more than democratic rule. Particularly when they’re confident the dictator will stay loyal to their interests for the long term, the coup makers may throw their support behind a dictator, as opposed to subjecting their future to the vagaries of democratic politics.

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25

Richette, Pascal. Principles of gout management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0044.

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The general goals of gout therapy are to manage acute flares and to prevent recurrences and prevent or reverse the complications of urate deposition by lowering urate levels. The choice of drug should be made on the basis of the patient’s co-morbidities, other medications, and side effect profile. Treatment of flares can be achieved with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, or corticosteroids (systemic or intra-articular). Interleukin-1 blockers could become an alternative in patients contraindicated for traditional anti-inflammatory agents. Lowering of urate levels below monosodium urate (MSU) saturation point with both a non-pharmacological and pharmacological approach allows to dissolve MSU crystals and to cure gout. Serum urate (SUA) levels should be maintained below 6 mg/dL (360 μ‎mol/L) or below 5 mg/dL (300 μ‎mol/L) in patients with severe gout to facilitate faster dissolution of crystals. Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) should be initiated close to the first diagnosis of gout. Allopurinol and febuxostat are the most widely used xanthine oxidase inhibitors to lower SUA levels. If the SUA target cannot be reached by these agents, uricosurics are indicated, either alone or in combination with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. In patients with severe tophaceous gout in whom the SUA target cannot be reached with any other available drug, pegloticase is indicated. Since ULT initiation may trigger acute attacks of gout, prophylaxis with an anti-inflammatory agent is recommended, mostly with low-dose colchicine. Of note, patient education, appropriate lifestyle advice, and treatment of comorbidities are also important parts of the management of patients with gout.

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26

Narang, Vipin. Seeking the Bomb. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172613.001.0001.

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Much of the work on nuclear proliferation has focused on why states pursue nuclear weapons. The question of how states pursue nuclear weapons has received little attention. This book is the first to analyze this topic by examining which strategies of nuclear proliferation are available to aspirants, why aspirants select one strategy over another, and how this matters to international politics. Looking at a wide range of nations, from India and Japan to the Soviet Union and North Korea to Iraq and Iran, the book develops an original typology of proliferation strategies—hedging, sprinting, sheltered pursuit, and hiding. Each strategy of proliferation provides different opportunities for the development of nuclear weapons, while at the same time presenting distinct vulnerabilities that can be exploited to prevent states from doing so. The book delves into the crucial implications these strategies have for nuclear proliferation and international security. Hiders, for example, are especially disruptive since either they successfully attain nuclear weapons, irrevocably altering the global power structure, or they are discovered, potentially triggering serious crises or war, as external powers try to halt or reverse a previously clandestine nuclear weapons program. As the international community confronts the next generation of potential nuclear proliferators, the book explores how global conflict and stability are shaped by the ruthlessly pragmatic ways states choose strategies of proliferation.

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27

Pang, Ching Lin. Negotiating Identity in Contemporary Japan. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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28

Pang, Ching Lin. Negotiating Identity in Contemporary Japan. Kegan Paul, 2000.

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29

Storti, Craig. Art of Coming Home. Brealey Publishing, Nicholas, 2022.

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30

Storti, Craig. Art of Coming Home. Brealey Publishing, Nicholas, 2011.

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31

Families on the Move. Monarch Books, 2001.

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32

Families on the Move. Monarch Books, 2001.

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33

Japan's "International Youth": The Emergence of a New Class of Schoolchildren (Clarendon Paperbacks). Oxford University Press, USA, 1993.

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