Статті в журналах: "CHITOSAN-SILVER NANOPARTICLE"

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Akmaz, Solmaz, Esra Dilaver Adıgüzel, Muzaffer Yasar, and Oray Erguven. "The Effect of Ag Content of the Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Material on the Structure and Antibacterial Activity." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/690918.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties and characterization of chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite material was synthesized by adding AgNO3and NaOH solutions to chitosan solution at 95°C. Different concentrations (0,02 M, 0,04 M, and 0,06 M) of AgNO3were used for synthesis. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer techniques.Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andStreptococcus pneumoniaewere used to test the bactericidal efficiency of synthesized chitosan-Ag nanoparticle composite materials. The biological activity was determined by the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of the materials. Antibacterial effect of chitosan-silver nanoparticle materials was increased by increasing Ag amount of the composite materials. The presence of small amount of metal nanoparticles in the composite was enough to significantly enhance antibacterial activity as compared with pure chitosan.

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Rohaeti, Eli, Endang WLFX, and Anna Rakhmawati. "Bacterial Cellulose From Rice Waste Water With Addition Chitosan, Glycerol, And Silver Nanoparticle." Molekul 11, no. 1 (May 16, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2016.11.1.190.

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This study aimed to prepare silver nanoparticles chemically, deposite silver nanoparticles on bacterial cellulose-chitosan-glycerol composite based rice waste water, as well as test the antibacterial activity of bacterial cellulose and its composite. Preparation of silver nanoparticles was conducted by chemical reduction of silver nitrate solution, as well as trisodium citrate as the reductor. Bacterial cellulose from rice waste water is fermented by the bacteria Acetobacter xylinum for 7 days. The dried bacterial cellulose was composited with chitosan and glycerol by immersion method on 2% of chitosan solution and 0.5% of glycerol solution. UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to determine the formation of silvernanoparticles and Particle Size Analyzer to test the size and particle size distribution. Characterization was conducted to bacterial cellulose and its composite included functional groups by FTIR, the mechanical properties by Tensile Tester, crystallinity by XRD, surface photograph by SEM, and antibacterial test against S. aureus and E. coli by the shake flask turbidimetry method. Silver nanoparticle characterization indicated that silver nanoparticles are formed at a wavelength of 421.80 nm, yellow, diameter particle size of 61.8 nm. SEM images showed that the surface of bacterial cellulose had deposited silver nanoparticles and antibacterial test showed an inhibitory effect of bacterial cellulose, bacterial cellulose-chitosan composite, and bacterial cellulose-chitosan-glycerol composite which are deposited silver nanoparticles against the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.

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Rohaeti, Eli, Endang Widjajanti Laksono FX, and Anna Rakhmawati. "Kemudahan Biodegradasi Selulosa Bakteri dari Limbah Cucian Beras dengan Penambahan Gliserol, Kitosan, dan Nanopartikel Perak." Jurnal Kimia VALENSI 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3083.

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The objectives of this research were to study the effect of glycerol and chitosan addition toward biodegradability of cellulose based rice waste water, the effect of biodegradation time toward mass lost and biodegradability, and determine functional group and crystalinity of the highest biodegradability composite. Bacterial celluloses were prepared from 100 mL rice waste water that fermented by Acetobacter xylinum for 7 days with addition of glycerol (for Cellulose-Glycerol and Cellulose-Glycerol-Chitosan). Then, bacterial celluloses were immersed in chitosan solution (for Cellulose-Chitosan and Cellulose-Glycerol-Chitosan). The water in bacterial cellulose and its composites was removed by heating, then deposited silver nanoparticle on the bacterial cellulose and its composite. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction with using AgNO3 solution, trisodium citric as reducing agent, and gelatin as stabilizer. The silver nanoparticle was deposited into bacterial cellulose and its composites film by immersing method. After that, the bacterial cellulose and its composites were biodegradated by soil burrial test method for 14 days. Then, cellulose with the highest biodegradability was characterized by ATR-FTIR and XRD. The silver nanoparticle formation was showed by UV-Vis spectrum with peak in the 418.8 nm area. The glycerol addition can increase biodegradability, whereas the chitosan addition can decrease biodegradability. The increasing of biodegradation time, mass lost increased but the biodegradability decreased. After biodegradation, intensity of pyran cyclic in cellulose-glycerol which is deposited Ag (SG + Ag) decreased, but crystallinity of it increased. Keywords : Biodegradation, glycerol, chitosan, silver nanoparticle, bacterial cellulose. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3111

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Wulandari, Ika O., Baiq E. Pebriatin, Vita Valiana, Saprizal Hadisaputra, Agus D. Ananto, and Akhmad Sabarudin. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Coated by Water Soluble Chitosan and Its Potency as Non-Alcoholic Hand Sanitizer Formulation." Materials 15, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 4641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134641.

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The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, widely known as a green synthesis method, has been extensively studied. Nanoparticles produced through this method have applications as antibacterial agents. Bacterial and viral infection can be prevented by use of antibacterial agents such as soap, disinfectants, and hand sanitizer. Silver nanoparticles represent promising hand sanitizer ingredients due to their antibacterial activity and can enable reduced use of alcohol and triclosan. This study employed silver nanoparticles synthesized using Kepok banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L.). Nanoparticle effectiveness as a hand sanitizer can be enhanced by coating with a biocompatible polymer such as chitosan. The characterization of silver nanoparticles was conducted using UV-Vis, with an obtained peak at 434.5 nm. SEM-EDX analysis indicated nanoparticles with a spherical morphology. Silver nanoparticles coated with chitosan were characterized through FTIR to verify the attached functional groups. Gel hand sanitizers were produced using silver nanoparticles coated with different chitosan concentrations. Several tests were undertaken to determine the gel characteristics, including pH, syneresis, and antibacterial activity. Syneresis leads to unstable gels, but was found to be inhibited by adding chitosan at a concentration of 2%. Antibacterial activity was found to increase with increase in chitosan concentration.

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Nazmul Islam, A. B. M. "Preparation of Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles in Nonaqueous Medium under Heating." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (September 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.58.1.

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Chitosan-silver nanoparticles are prepared in nonaqueous medium. In this work, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was introduced into the dimethylformamide (DMF) solution during silver reduction from solution of its precursor salt AgNO3, acting as a stabilizing agent to prevent aggregation of silver nanoparticles, while chitosan is used as the solid support to embedded silver particles therein, resulting in chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanoparticle as suspension in the medium. The reaction started as homogeneous system which turned into heterogeneous with the formation of particles. The properties of CS-Ag nanoparticles are studied under two different salt concentrations and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Wide particle size distribution of synthesized nanoparticles depicts that concentration of AgNO3, which is responsible for the morphology, stability and particle size distribution, should be optimized, suggesting a lower salt concentration is favorable.

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Nazmul Islam, A. B. M. "Preparation of Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles in Nonaqueous Medium under Heating." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (September 2, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-3685e3.

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Chitosan-silver nanoparticles are prepared in nonaqueous medium. In this work, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was introduced into the dimethylformamide (DMF) solution during silver reduction from solution of its precursor salt AgNO3, acting as a stabilizing agent to prevent aggregation of silver nanoparticles, while chitosan is used as the solid support to embedded silver particles therein, resulting in chitosan-silver (CS-Ag) nanoparticle as suspension in the medium. The reaction started as homogeneous system which turned into heterogeneous with the formation of particles. The properties of CS-Ag nanoparticles are studied under two different salt concentrations and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Wide particle size distribution of synthesized nanoparticles depicts that concentration of AgNO3, which is responsible for the morphology, stability and particle size distribution, should be optimized, suggesting a lower salt concentration is favorable.

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Subitha, R., P. Senthilkumar, and K. Gobinath. "In vivo wound healing potential of chitosan gel based silver nanoparticles synthesized from Martynia annua." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1709rjbt1190133.

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A green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporated chitosan gel for wound healing applications was developed using medicinal plant Martynia annua fresh leaves extract. The utilization of various medicinal plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green synthetic technology as it does not require any harmful chemicals. The present study dealt with green synthesized AgNPs from M. annua followed by being incorporating into chitosan gel as a delivery system to evaluate their wound healing potential. Attrition of silver nitrate was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles using aqueous plant extracts. Watersoluble organic (or) phytochemical compounds present in the plant materials are responsible to reduce the silver ions to nano-sized silver nanoparticles. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, particle size, zeta potential and cytotoxicity assay. Based on the result of cytotoxicity assay, AgNPs minimum inhibitory concentration of cytotoxicity was fixed incorporated into chitosan gel. The plain chitosan gel and AgNPs incorporated chitosan gel were used to evaluate the in vivo wound healing activity (excision) in Wister albino rats. After complete wound healing, rate of contraction, period of epithelization, histopathology of skin, antioxidant assays (Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO)), antiinflammatory biomarker study of CycloOxygenase (COX-2) were studied. Silver nanoparticles potentially accelerate the wound healing. The present research suggests that the synergistic combination of silver nanoparticle and chitosan is a promising strategy to address various wounds and has better wound healing capacity.

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Zemlyakova, Evgeniya S., Anna V. Tcibulnikova, Vasilyi A. Slezhkin, Andrey Yu Zubin, Ilya G. Samusev, and Valeryi V. Bryukhanov. "The infrared spectroscopy of chitosan films doped with silver and gold nanoparticles." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0356.

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AbstractThis work presents the dependences of the absorption intensity of the acid-soluble chitosan biopolymer films in the infrared (IR) region of the spectrum on the concentrations of silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies. The interaction mechanisms in the vibrational spectra overlapping area of the silver NPs and chitosan molecules (2500–3500 cm−1) were observed. The influence of the metal NPs on the dipole moments of the OH-, NH3+- and CH-chitosan molecule group oscillations was established. This interaction leads to a linear increase of the IR absorption intensity with an increase of the silver nanoparticle concentration, synthesized by the citrate and borohydride methods. The presence of silver and gold ablative NPs in the chitosan films demonstrates the IR absorption intensity exponential decrease with the metal NPs’ concentrations.

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Hermosilla, Edward, Marcela Díaz, Joelis Vera, María José Contreras, Karla Leal, Rodrigo Salazar, Leticia Barrientos, Gonzalo Tortella, and Olga Rubilar. "Synthesis of Antimicrobial Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Reusable Chitosan Fungal Beads." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032318.

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Nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), have gained significant attention in recent years as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating infectious diseases due to their ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms effectively. Ag NPs can be synthesized using fungi extract, but the method is not practical for large-scale production due to time and biomass limitations. In this study, we explore the use of chitosan to encapsulate the mycelia of the white-rot fungus Stereum hirsutum and form chitosan fungal beads for use in multiple extractions and nanoparticle synthesis. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were composed of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-Ag NPs) with a size of 25 nm. The chitosan fungal beads were reused in three extractions and nanoparticle synthesis before they lost their ability to produce CS-Ag NPs. The CS-Ag NPs showed potent antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic and human pathogenic microorganisms, including Pseudomonas syringae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.5, 1.6, 3.1, and 4 µg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CS-Ag NPs was from 2- to 40-fold higher than Ag NPs synthesized using an aqueous extract of unencapsulated fungal biomass. The CS-Ag NPs were most effective at a pH of five regarding the antimicrobial activity. These results suggest that the chitosan fungal beads may be a promising alternative for the sustainable and cost-effective synthesis of CS-Ag NPs with improved antimicrobial activity.

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Susilowati, Endang, Mohammad Masykuri, Maria Ulfa, and Dyah Puspitasari. "Preparation of Silver-Chitosan Nanocomposites Colloidal and Film as Antibacteri Material." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v5i3.46711.

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Colloidal nanocomposites silver-chitosan have been made. Silver nanoparticles were produced by chemical reduction methods assisted microwave irradiation using chitosan from crab shells as a reducing agent and stabilizer, AgNO3 as a precursor and NaOH as an accelerator. This study investigated AgNO3 concentration toward localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon of nanocomposites colloidal. The size and shape of the silver nanoparticles were confirmed by TEM. Furthermore, the stability of the storage was observed for twelve weeks. Colloidal and film nanocomposites silver- chitosan have been made by casting method by drying at room temperature. After that, the film characterization was carried out, including swelling with gravimetry methods and surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diffusion methods tested colloid antibacterial activity and silver-chitosan nanocomposite film’s against E. Coli and S. Aureus. The results showed that the formation of silver nanoparticles was identified by the LSPR absorption band's appearance at 413-419 nm. The increasing of AgNO3 concentration increased the intensity of the LSPR absorption band. Silver nanoparticles with sizes of about 3-9 nm are spherical. The silver nanoparticles were stable at 12 weeks of storage. The higher AgNO3 concentration tends to increase the swelling of the film. The surface of the silver-chitosan nanocomposite film’s was rougher than that of the chitosan film. The higher the silver nanoparticle concentration, the higher the colloid and film antibacterial activity against E. Coli and S. Aureus.

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Rajeshkumar, Shanmugam, Munusamy Tharani, Vijayarangan Devi Rajeswari, Naiyf S. Alharbi, Shine Kadaikunnan, Jamal M. Khaled, Kasi Gopinath, Natesan Vijayakumar, and Marimuthu Govindarajan. "Synthesis of greener silver nanoparticle-based chitosan nanocomposites and their potential antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens." Green Processing and Synthesis 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0060.

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Abstract In the present investigation, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanoparticle-based chitosan nanocomposite were synthesized using Cissus arnottiana leaf extract. The biosynthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using SEM, TEM, and AFM to uncover the morphological characteristics such as size and shape. The SEM image depicts the size of the nanocomposite to be 30–40 nm and shape as spherical. The TEM results reveal the shape of the nanocomposite to be spherical and size around 10–60 nm. The XRD results show the crystalline nature of the AgNPs-based chitosan nanocomposite. The SAED analysis pattern seems to be concordant with the XRD results. The AFM image ensured the precise surface morphology of the synthesized silver nanocomposite in the 3-dimensional pattern. The antimicrobial efficacy of the biosynthesized AgNPs, AgNP nanocomposite, and chitosan nanoparticles was tested against oral pathogens. The results revealed a potential antimicrobial effect, which states that it must be converted into nanomedicine to meet future biomedical needs.

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Nate, Zondi, Makwena Justice Moloto, Pierre Kalenga Mubiayi, and Precious Nokwethemba Sibiya. "Green synthesis of chitosan capped silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity." MRS Advances 3, no. 42-43 (2018): 2505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.368.

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AbstractChitosan is a polymeric compound with functional groups which enable surface binding to nanoparticles and antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial activity was studied using silver nanoparticles with varied concentrations of chitosan. The nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple and environmentally friendly method at room temperature. Spherical particles with average sizes between 2 and 6 nm were obtained and their crystallinity showed a face-centered cubic phase. The evidence of chitosan presence on the nanoparticle surface was confirmed by the characteristic diffraction peak of chitosan and by FTIR spectra where the bonding of amine group could be depicted. The chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles showed good antibacterial and antifungal activities with MIC values between 0.20 and 1.5 mg.mL-1 compared to those obtained from most of references (up to 6.25 mg.mL-1) on the selected gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis), gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans).

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Huang, Liyi, Tianhong Dai, Yi Xuan, George P. Tegos, and Michael R. Hamblin. "Synergistic Combination of Chitosan Acetate with Nanoparticle Silver as a Topical Antimicrobial: Efficacy against Bacterial Burn Infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 7 (April 18, 2011): 3432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01803-10.

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ABSTRACTChitosan and nanoparticle silver are both materials with demonstrated antimicrobial properties and have been proposed singly or in combination as constituents of antimicrobial burn dressings. Here, we show that they combine synergistically to inhibit thein vitrogrowth of Gram-positive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilis, andAcinetobacter baumannii), as judged by bioluminescence monitoring and isobolographic analysis, and also produce synergistic killing after 30 min of incubation, as measured by a CFU assay. The hypothesized explanation involves chitosan-mediated permeabilization of bacterial cells, allowing better penetration of silver ions into the cell. A dressing composed of freeze-dried chitosan acetate incorporating nanoparticle silver was compared with a dressing of chitosan acetate alone in anin vivoburn model infected with bioluminescentP. aeruginosa. The survival rates of mice treated with silver-chitosan or regular chitosan or left untreated were 64.3% (P= 0.0082 versus regular chitosan andP= 0.0003 versus the control), 21.4%, and 0%, respectively. Most of the fatalities occurred between 2 and 5 days postinfection. Silver-chitosan dressings effectively controlled the development of systemic sepsis, as shown by blood culture. These data suggest that a dressing combining chitosan acetate with silver leads to improved antimicrobial efficacy against fatal burn infections.

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Ginting, Junius Gian, Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan, and Yuandani. "Antifungal Activity of Patch Silver Nanoparticles and Chitosan with Cellulose Nanofibers Carriers against Trichophyton rubrum and Pitysporum ovale." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v4i2.6295.

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Abstract. Wounds that are not treated and are kept open will provide an entrance for microorganisms from outside that can cause infection. One of the medical needs whose demand continues to increase is wound dressings. Chitosan is known to have wound healing activity by stimulating the formation of new tissue, and silver nanoparticles have good antimicrobial activity. Silver nanoparticles and chitosan with cellulose nanofibers carrier are made in the form of patches with the ratio formula between cellulose nanofibers and chitosan/silver nanoparticles are 1:9, 2:8, 3:8, 4:7, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1, and 10:0 then tested the antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Pitysporum ovale for finding the best formula for antifungal activity. The analysis showed that the patch with a ratio of 6:4 had the best antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum (14.7±0.1 mm) and a 9:1 patch on the Pitysporum ovale (6.9±0.05 mm) gave a significant difference to negative control (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the Patches Silver Nanoparticle and Chitosan with Cellulose Nanofibers (SNCCN) carriers have good antifungal activity in the inhibitory category.

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Hidayat, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Adlim, Ilham Maulana, and Muhammad Zulfajri. "Immobilization of Silver Nanoparticles on Chitosan-Coated Silica-Gel-Beads and the Antibacterial Activity." Key Engineering Materials 892 (July 13, 2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.36.

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Silver nanoparticles (Ag0) have attracted the most attention due to their broad antimicrobial application and outstanding activity. The silver nanoparticles are usually in colloidal form, then immobilization the colloid onto solid support is still interesting to explore. In this work, a new method for silver colloidal nanoparticle immobilization on silica gel beads (SiG), which was then symbolized as Ag0-[chi-SiG] was conducted and characterized successfully. The finding proved that SiG must be coated with three chitosan film layers to give stable support for silver nanoparticles. This coating method caused the chitosan completely covered SiG, and the chitosan film provides coordination bonding for silver ions. The most appropriate solvent for silver ion impregnation on the surface of chi-SiG is methanol compared to other solvents. Tungsten lamp as the photo-irradiation, which is low cost and environmentally friendly has been proven effective for silver ion reduction, as shown by silver metal colloid UV-Vis surface plasmon resonance at 400-700 nm. Ag0-[chi-SiG] showed the antibacterial properties of inhibiting the growth Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; then it provides the potential application for antibacterial filter material. According to the weight comparison between antibacterial standard and Ag content, then Ag0-[chi-SiG] has two and five times higher of exhibiting zone for each bacteria.

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Susilowati, Endang, Sri Retno Dwi Ariani, Lina Mahardiani, and Luthfia Izzati. "Synthesin and Characterization Chitosan Film with Silver Nanoparticle Addition As A Multiresistant Antibacteria Material." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v6i3.57101.

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The synthesis of chitosan films with the addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) has been carried out in 2 stages. The first stage is to make colloidal silver nanoparticles with chitosan as a stabilizer and a reducing agent with NaOH as an accelerator and assisted by microwave irradiation. The second stage is to make a film from colloidal silver nanoparticles-chitosan by casting method. The formation of silver nanoparticles was identified using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and TEM. Chitosan films with the addition of AgNps were characterized by chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was tested against multi-resistant bacteria ESBL and MRSA. The results showed that the formation of AgNps was indicated by the appearance of an absorption band at 400-413 nm with a size of less than 6 nm. The FTIR spectra showed that there was a slight shift at the 1604 cm-1 peak which indicated that the AgNps interacted with the NH2 group on D-glucosamine of chitosan. The films morphology with addition Ag NPs tends to be rough in surface and cross-sectional. The presence of AgNps tends to increase the swelling value, tensile strength and film elasticity. Chitosan film with the addition of silver nanoparticles has antibacterial activity against multi-resistant bacteria ESBL and MRSA. The anti-bacterial activity of the film was derived solely from the silver nanoparticles.

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Jokar, Maryam, Russly Abdul Rahman, and Luqman Chuah Abdullah. "Physical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Self Assembled Silver Nanoparticle/Chitosan onto Low Density Polyethylene Film as Active Packaging Polymer." Journal of Nano Research 27 (March 2014): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.27.53.

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Colloidal Silver nanoparticles with a size of 5 nm produced by chemical reduction using poly ethylene glycol (PEG 200). Layers of silver nanoparticles and chitosan were deposited onto low density polyethylene (LDPE) substrate by layer by layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. Silver nanocomposite films were built by sequential dipping of LDPE film in either anionic silver nanoparticles or cationic chitosan. Silver nanoparticles and chitosan led to the formation of nanocomposite films possessing antimicrobial properties with the thickness of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 20 layers. Silver nanocomposite films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of LBL deposited nanocomposite films were investigated. Results showed that the LBL deposition of silver nanoparticles and chitosan increased the crystallinity of the composites and also improved mechanical and barrier properties of LDPE film significantly (p<0.05). Antimicrobial activity of silver nanocomposites againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureuswas evaluated. Growth kinetic parameters ofE.coliandS.aureusaffected by silver nanocomposites were calculated by modeling of absorbance data according to Gomperz equation. LDPE-silver nanocomposite affected bacterial growth parameters significantly (p<0.05). The specific growth rate reduced from 0.30 to 0.11 h-1forE. coliand decreased 0.27 to 0.06 h-1forS. aureus.

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Mi, Fwu-Long, Shao-Jung Wu, Wen-Qi Zhong, and Cheng-Yu Huang. "Preparation of a silver nanoparticle-based dual-functional sensor using a complexation–reduction method." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 33 (2015): 21243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05012f.

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A dual-functional sensor based on silver nanoparticles was synthesized by a two-stage procedure consisting of a low-temperature chitosan–Ag⁺ complexation followed by a high-temperature reduction of the complex to form chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles (CS-capped Ag NPs).

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Rohaeti, Eli, Endang W. Laksono, and Anna Rakhmawati. "BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM RICE WASTE WATER AND ITS COMPOSITE WHICH ARE DEPOSITED NANOPARTICLE AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIAL." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 12, no. 1 (August 17, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.12.1.946.70-87.

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<pre>Bacterial cellulose (C) and its composites were synthesized from rice waste water with addition of glycerol (G) and chitosan (Ch).Antibacterial activity of the C, the bacterial cellulose-chitosan composite (CCh), and the bacterial cellulose – glycerol - chitosan composite (CGCh) which were deposited silver nanoparticles against S. aureus, E. coli, and yeast C. albicans has been conducted. Silver nanoparticles was prepared by chemical reduction of a silver nitrate solution, a trisodium citrate as a reductor, and a PVA as a stabilizer. The UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to determine the formation of silver nanoparticles. The characterization was conducted on the bacterial celluloses and those composites including the functional groups by the FTIR, the mechanical properties by Tensile Tester, photos surfaces by SEM, and the test of the antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans by diffusion method. The silver nanoparticle characterization indicates that the silver nanoparticles are formed at a wavelength of 418.80 nm. The antibacterial test showed an inhibitory effect of the C, the CCh, and the CGCh which are deposited the silver nanoparticles against of S. aureus, E. coli, and C.albicans. The CGChs which are deposited silver nanoparticles has the highest antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The CGs which are deposited silver nanoparticles provide the highest antimicrobial activity against the E. coli ATCC 25922 and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231.</pre>

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Rohaeti, Eli, Endang W. Laksono, and Anna Rakhmawati. "BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM RICE WASTE WATER AND ITS COMPOSITE WHICH ARE DEPOSITED NANOPARTICLE AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIAL." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 12, no. 1 (August 17, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v12i1.946.

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<pre>Bacterial cellulose (C) and its composites were synthesized from rice waste water with addition of glycerol (G) and chitosan (Ch).Antibacterial activity of the C, the bacterial cellulose-chitosan composite (CCh), and the bacterial cellulose – glycerol - chitosan composite (CGCh) which were deposited silver nanoparticles against S. aureus, E. coli, and yeast C. albicans has been conducted. Silver nanoparticles was prepared by chemical reduction of a silver nitrate solution, a trisodium citrate as a reductor, and a PVA as a stabilizer. The UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to determine the formation of silver nanoparticles. The characterization was conducted on the bacterial celluloses and those composites including the functional groups by the FTIR, the mechanical properties by Tensile Tester, photos surfaces by SEM, and the test of the antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans by diffusion method. The silver nanoparticle characterization indicates that the silver nanoparticles are formed at a wavelength of 418.80 nm. The antibacterial test showed an inhibitory effect of the C, the CCh, and the CGCh which are deposited the silver nanoparticles against of S. aureus, E. coli, and C.albicans. The CGChs which are deposited silver nanoparticles has the highest antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The CGs which are deposited silver nanoparticles provide the highest antimicrobial activity against the E. coli ATCC 25922 and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231.</pre>

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Shanmugam, Rajeshkumar, Rajaduraipandian Subramaniam, Sabeena Gabrial Kathirason, Daoud Ali, Sri Renukadevi Balusamy, Annadurai Gurusamy, Kalirajan Arunachalam, and Hanen Sellami. "Curcumin-Chitosan Nanocomposite Formulation Containing Pongamia pinnata-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles, Wound Pathogen Control, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential." BioMed Research International 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3091587.

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Background. Because of its diverse range of use in several ethics of diagnosis and care of multiple diseases, nanotechnology has seen remarkable growth and has become a key component of medical sciences. In recent years, there has been rapid advancement in medicine and biomaterials. Nanomedicine aids in illness prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Aim. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic capabilities of green produced silver nanoparticle with the addition of curcumin-assisted chitosan nanocomposite (SCCN) against wound pathogenic as reducing agents. Materials and Methods. The plant extract of Pongamia pinnata, silver nanoparticles, and its based curcumin nanoformulations was studied in this study utilizing UV visible spectrophotometer, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and TEM. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic tests were performed on silver nanoparticles with the addition of curcumin-assisted chitosan nanocomposite (SCCN). Furthermore, these produced nanocomposites were coated on clinical silk and tested for antibacterial activity. Results. The produced silver nanoparticle with the addition of curcumin-assisted chitosan nanocomposite (SCCN) has significant antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. They are as well as possess anti-inflammatory activity and furthermore prove to be biocompatible. Conclusion. This advancement in the field of biomaterials, which means nanocomposite, not only helps to reduce the harmful effects of pathogenic organisms while representing an environmentally benign material but it also shows to be a material with zero danger to humans and the environment.

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Vercik, Luci Cristina de Oliveira, Andres Vercik, and Eliana Cristina da Silva Rigo. "Kinetics of silver nanoparticle release from chitosan spheres." MRS Advances 2, no. 19-20 (2017): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.48.

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ABSTRACTThe kinetics of silver nanoparticles release from chitosan spheres is addressed experimentally and theoretically in this work. From the experimental viewpoint, the study of silver nanoparticles release is performed by measuring the time-dependent UV-Vis spectra of solutions where spheres were dispersed. The UV-VIS spectra intensity reflects the concentration of nanoparticles in the solution. Despite simple expressions for drug release are found in the literature, as those that relate the amount of drug release with the square root of time, a proper modeling might require the inclusion of several phenomena such as the presence of stagnant layers, swelling or erosion of the matrix, accumulation of particles in the medium, amongst others. The experiments show that chitosan/silver nanoparticles complexes are actually released, indicating that both swelling and erosion of the matrix takes place during the release process. The simplest model for drug release, i.e., the Higuchi’s model, fits the observed results surprisingly well, which is a relevant result due to the lack of mathematical modeling for the release of nanoparticles.

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Chen, An Pang, Ching Wen Lou, Ya Yuan Chung, Mei Chen Lin, and Jia Horng Lin. "Manufacturing Technique and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1169.

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Recently, the biomaterial is in rapid development stage, which could be widely applying in medical application, due to its biodegradability, nontoxic and biocompatibility. Chitosan is naturally abundant polymers have the biodegradability, nontoxic and biocompatibility. In this research, the chitosan and silver nitrate were used to develop the antibacterial agent via nanotechnique. In the reaction system, the reaction time and stirring speed were discussed, which will affect the surface plasmon resonance. The particle sizes were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV visible spectrophotometry. The silver nanoparticles size was below 100 nm via TEM. In addition, the results of antimicrobial activity indicated that the antibacterial agent has well antimicrobial activity on staphylococcus aureus. Due to the silver nanoparticle provides relatively higher surface area to contact with bacteria affect DNA molecules by losing their replication abilities.

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Livanovich, K., and T. Shutava. "Influence of Chitosan/Dextran Sulfate Layer-by-Layer Shell on Colloidal Properties of Silver Nanoparticles." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 03n04 (April 2, 2019): 1940077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x19400775.

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Colloidal stability of core–shell nanoparticles consisted of silver core and chitosan/dextran sulfate multilayer shell in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions was investigated. The critical concentration of coagulation and the Hamaker constant were calculated depending on the number of bilayers in the shell on the nanoparticle surface. The colloidal stability of the core–shell nanoparticles significantly increases with the shell growth.

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25

Tiwari, Preeti, Ashish Kumar, and Rajiv Prakash. "Electrochemical detection of azidothymidine on modified probes based on chitosan stabilised silver nanoparticles hybrid material." RSC Advances 5, no. 109 (2015): 90089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15908c.

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Veerapandian, Murugan, X. X. Zhu, and Suzanne Giasson. "Chitosan-modified silver@ruthenium hybrid nanoparticles: evaluation of physico-chemical properties and bio-affinity with sialic acid." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 4 (2015): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01475h.

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27

Shinde, Surbhi, Veronica Folliero, Annalisa Chianese, Carla Zannella, Anna De Filippis, Luigi Rosati, Marina Prisco, et al. "Synthesis of Chitosan-Coated Silver Nanoparticle Bioconjugates and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 9340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199340.

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The increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria represents a true challenge in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. For this reason, research on the development of new potential antibacterial strategies is essential. Here, we describe the development of a green system for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bioconjugated with chitosan. We optimized a Prunus cerasus leaf extract as a source of silver and its conversion to chitosan–silver bioconjugates (CH-AgNPs). The AgNPs and CH-AgNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and zeta potential measurement (Z-potential). The cytotoxic activity of AgNPs and CH-AgNPs was assessed on Vero cells using the 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs and CH-AgNPs synthesized using the green system was determined using the broth microdilution method. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity against standard ATCC and clinically isolated multisensitive (MS) and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and the broth dilution method. The results of the antibacterial studies demonstrate that the silver chitosan bioconjugates were able to inhibit the growth of MDR strains more effectively than silver nanoparticles alone, with reduced cellular toxicity. These nanoparticles were stable in solution and had wide-spectrum antibacterial activity. The synthesis of silver and silver chitosan bioconjugates from Prunus cerasus leaf extracts may therefore serve as a simple, ecofriendly, noncytotoxic, economical, reliable, and safe method to produce antimicrobial compounds with low cytotoxicity.

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Islami, Maulida Nirwana, Ni Nyoman Rupiasih, Made Sumadiyasa, and I. B. Sujana Manuaba. "The Study of Current-Voltage (I-V) Characteristic Curve of Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Membrane." BULETIN FISIKA 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2018.v19.i02.p01.

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A study of the current-voltage (I-V) curve of the chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite membrane (Ch-AgNP) has been conducted. Membranes were prepared by casting method using chitosan as matrix, acetic acid 1% as solvent and silver nanoparticle (AgNP) as filler. AgNP used was 100 ?g. As a comparison is a pure chitosan membrane (membrane Ch). The I-V measurement was performed using a cell model consisting of 2 chambers, chambers 1 and 2. The voltage (V) was measured using Ag/AgCl calomel electrode in electrolyte solution of KCl and CaCl2 with concentration of 0.025 M. All measurements were done at room temperature ± 28 0C. The result shows that in the current range 0.66-0.98 mA, the I-V curve of the Ch-AgNP membrane is ohmic. The conduction value of the composite membrane is smaller than that of the chitosan membrane and the value is greater in the KCl solution than in CaCl2 solution.

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Audita, Rahmania, Khoirunisa Khoirunisa, Hasna' Azizah Azzahra', Bambang Hernawan Nugroho, Habibi Hidayat, and Is Fatimah. "Composite of Polylactic Acid/Chitosan/Ag-Hydroxyapatite Synthesized Using Turmeric Leaves Extract-Mediated Silver Nanoparticle and Snail Shell as Antibacterial Material." EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis 2, no. 2 (September 21, 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/eksakta.vol2.iss1.art14.

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The development of an antibacterial composite of polylactic acid/chitosan/silver nanoparticle-doped hydroxyapatite has been synthesized. The composite was prepared using the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) green synthesized by using turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) leaves extract-mediated AgNPs and snail shell as biogenic calcium for hydroxyapatite synthesis. The precipitation method of hydroxyapatite by the doping of AgNPs was the first step, followed by composting with polylactic acid and chitosan as the polymer binder. Physicochemical characterization of the material was studied by using XRD, SEM, and FTIR analyses, and the antibacterial catalytic performance was examined against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results showed that the synthesized AgNPs are within the <100 nm range in size and not significantly influence the crystallinity of the Ag/HAp. The composite materials maintained the antibacterial activity against E. coli.

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Al-Rasheed, Hessa H., Kholood A. Dahlous, Essam N. Sholkamy, Sameh M. Osman, Omar H. Abd-Elkader, and Ayman El-Faham. "Chitosan-S-triazinyl-bis(2-aminomethylpyridine) and Chitosan-S-triazinyl-bis(8-oxyquinoline) Derivatives: New Reagents for Silver Nanoparticle Preparation and Their Effect of Antimicrobial Evaluation." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (June 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9590120.

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Herein, we described the modification of chitosan with cyanuric chloride as a mediator for preparation of chitosan-s-triazinyl-bis(2-aminomethylpyridine) and chitosan-s-triazinyl-bis(8-oxyquinoline) derivatives to be used as reagents for preparation of silver nanoparticles under ecofriendly conditions. These two reagents are convenient and effective for reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles with particle size less than 10 nm that might be suitable for industrial and medicinal applications. The formation and particle size of AgNPs are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The antimicrobial activity of the two modified chitosan-s-triazine-AgNPs was evaluated against activities against Gram-positive bacteria (M. luteus ATCC 10240 and MRSA ATCC 43300), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 75853), and C. albicans. The results showed that chitosan-s-triazinyl-bis(2-aminomethylpyridine) AgNPs showed high antimicrobial activities against all the tested microorganisms, while their analogous chitosan-s-triazinyl-bis(8-oxyquinoline) AgNPs showed moderate activities.

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Aldakheel, Fahad M., Dalia Mohsen, Marwa M. El Sayed, Khaled Ali Alawam, AbdulKarim S. Binshaya, and Shatha A. Alduraywish. "Silver Nanoparticles Loaded on Chitosan-g-PVA Hydrogel for the Wound-Healing Applications." Molecules 28, no. 7 (April 5, 2023): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073241.

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Silver nanoparticle composites have abundant biomedical applications due to their unique antibacterial properties. In the current work, green tea leaf extract was used as a natural reducing agent to synthesize AgNPs (AgNPs) using microwave irradiation technology. Furthermore, microwave irradiation has been used for the preparation of AgNPs/chitosan (Ch) grafted polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel samples. To approve the accomplishment of AgNPs hydrogel polymer, UV-spectrum, TEM, and FT-IR spectrum analyses and the release of silver ions, actions were taken. The wound-healing ability of the prepared hydrogel samples was measured via both the in vitro (fibroblast cells) and the in vivo using rat models. It was found that chitosan-grafted polyvinyl alcohol, including AgNPs, exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus using the agar diffusion method. It can be said that microwave irradiation was successful in creating a hydrogel that contained silver nanoparticles. A wound that was still open was successfully treated with these composites.

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Yang, Huanlei, Shuxin Zhang, and Jinhua Yan. "Chitosan-Reinforced MFC/NFC Aerogel and Antibacterial Property." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7890215.

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MFC/NFC aerogel has water sensitivity, and it should be improved in strength in water before application. Chitosan was investigated as a MFC/NFC aerogel reinforcing agent in this paper. The reinforced aerogel showed slightly tighter structure and very good water stability and mechanical strength. FTIR disclosed the chemical bonds formed between chitosan and cellulose. Nanoparticles of silver (Ag-NPs) were loaded using the reinforced aerogel. The excellent Ag-NP monodistribution on the aerogel was expressed by TEM. Both chitosan-reinforced Ag-NPs loaded MFC aerogel and NFC aerogel and expressed great antibacterial activity, though reinforced MFC aerogel exhibited better properties, like higher BET, lighter density, more Ag-NP loading, and better distribution, than NFC aerogel in this research. Chitosan-reinforced MFC aerogel is a good potential substrate for nanoparticle loading and biocomposite making.

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Nabid, Mohammad Reza, Yasamin Bide, and Maryam Abuali. "Coppercoresilvershell nanoparticle–yolk/shell Fe3O4@chitosan-derived carbon nanoparticle composite as an efficient catalyst for catalytic epoxidation in water." RSC Adv. 4, no. 68 (2014): 35844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05283h.

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The fabrication of yolk/shell spheres consisting of a magnetic core and a chitosan-derived porous carbon shell, and plenty of tiny copper_coresilver_shell nanoparticles confined within the porous shell, as a catalyst for epoxidation reaction is reported.

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34

Li, Rongfu, Zhaorong Xu, Qiong Jiang, Yunquan Zheng, Zhaohong Chen, and Xiaodong Chen. "Characterization and biological evaluation of a novel silver nanoparticle-loaded collagen-chitosan dressing." Regenerative Biomaterials 7, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbaa008.

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Abstract Effective coverage and protection is a priority in wound treatment. Collagen and chitosan have been widely used for wound dressings due to their excellent biological activity and biocompatibility. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a powerful antibacterial effect. In this study, a macromolecular and small-molecular collagen mixed solution, a macromolecular and small-molecular chitosan mixed solution were prepared, and a silver nanoparticle-loaded collagen-chitosan dressing (AgNP-CCD) has been proposed. First, the effects of a collagen-chitosan mixed solution on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the secretion of cytokines were evaluated. Then, the characteristics and antibacterial effects of the AgNP-CCD were tested, and the effects on wound healing and the influence of wound cytokine expression were investigated via a deep second-degree burn wound model. The results showed that at the proper proportion and concentration, the collagen-chitosan mixed solution effectively promoted cell proliferation and regulated the levels of growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], epidermal growth factor [EGF], platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], transforming growth factor [TGF-β1], basic fibroblastic growth factor [bFGF]) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8). Moreover, AgNP solutions at lower concentrations exerted limited inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and had no effect on cytokine secretion. The AgNP-CCD demonstrated satisfactory morphological and physical properties as well as efficient antibacterial activities. An in vivo evaluation indicated that AgNP-CCD could accelerate the healing process of deep second-degree burn wounds and played an important role in the regulation of growth and inflammatory factors, including VEGF, EGFL-7, TGF-β1, bFGF, TNF-α and IL-1β. This AgNP-CCD exerted excellent biological effects on wound healing promotion and cytokine expression regulation.

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More, Dikeledi S., Makwena J. Moloto, Nosipho Moloto, and Kgabo P. Matabola. "Silver/Copper Nanoparticle-Modified Polymer Chitosan/PVA Blend Fibers." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (June 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6217609.

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In this study, chitosan (CS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (CS/PVA) blend nanofibers with varying weight ratios and silver (Ag)/copper (Cu)/CS/PVA composite fibers have been prepared successfully by the electrospinning process. The tip-to-collector distance was kept at 15 cm, and the applied voltage was varied from 15 to 25 kV. The effects of the weight ratios and applied voltage on the morphology and diameter of the fibers were investigated. The resultant fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The SEM results showed that increasing the amount of chitosan in the CS/PVA blend resulted in a decrease in the fiber diameter from 162 to 89 nm while an increase in the voltage from 15 to 25 kV led to a decrease in the fiber diameters. Furthermore, the SEM results indicated that an increase in the fiber diameter from 161 to 257 nm was observed while morphological changes were also observed upon the Ag/Cu addition. The latter changes are perceived to be a result of increased conductivity and higher charge density.

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36

Apryatina, K. V., M. V. Gribanova, A. V. Markin, S. S. Sologubov, and L. A. Smirnova. "Silver nanoparticle–chitosan complexes and properties of their composites." Nanotechnologies in Russia 11, no. 11-12 (November 2016): 766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995078016060033.

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37

Prabhahar, M., Gomathi Kannayiram, S. Prakash, M. Saravanakumar, Sangeetha Krishnamoorthi, S. Sendilvelan, P. Rahul Senthan, T. S. Ashikmon, M. Karthik, and Haiter Lenin. "Physicochemical Characterization of Star Anise Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Chitosan Biomaterial for Absorb Water and Cure Wounds." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (July 4, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7522512.

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Chronic wounds threaten the geriatric society worldwide irrespective of their social status. The current treatment approach to cure chronic ailments is associated with its demerits. A novel treatment approach that is coordinated is required to adsorb water from wounds and cure chronic wounds. Star anise condiment used in the Indian kitchen is shown to have the potency to cure various ailments. In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared using the star anise extract. The biological potency of star anise extract was confirmed through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy, antioxidant assay, and anti-inflammatory study. From the DPPH assay result, it was inferred that star anise extract was able to scavenge the free radicals at the concentration of 10 μg/ml using the aqueous extract silver nanoparticles were prepared. The prepared particles were characterized by UV-visible, scanning electron microscopy, and their biological efficacy was determined for their potency against bacteria and prevention of protein aggregation. The anti-inflammatory assay suggests that nanoparticles prevent the aggregation of proteins in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 was found to be 20 μg/ml. The synthesized nanoparticle was incorporated into the chitosan biomaterial and characterized by various physicochemical parameters such as differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analysis. According to the findings, silver nanoparticles incorporated in chitosan biomaterials can be used to adsorb water from wounds and wound healing materials.

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Nguyen, Tan Dat, Thanh Truc Nguyen, Khanh Loan Ly, Anh Hien Tran, Thi Thanh Ngoc Nguyen, Minh Thuy Vo, Hieu Minh Ho, et al. "In Vivo Study of the Antibacterial Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Loaded with Silver Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (March 21, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7382717.

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Silver nanoparticles have attracted great interests widely in medicine due to its great characteristics of antibacterial activity. In this research, the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of a topical gel synthesized from polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles were studied. Hydrogels with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (15 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm) were evaluated to compare their antibacterial activity, nanoparticles’ sizes, and in vivo behaviors. The resulted silver nanoparticles in the hydrogel were characterized by TEM showing the nanoparticles’ sizes less than 22 nm. The in vitro results prove that the antibacterial effects of all of the samples are satisfied. However, the in vivo results demonstrate the significant difference among different hydrogels in wound healing, where hydrogel with 30 ppm shows the best healing rate.

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Mostafa, Ehab M., Mohamed A. Abdelgawad, Arafa Musa, Nasser Hadal Alotaibi, Mohammed H. Elkomy, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Mona Shaban E. M. Badawy, Mostafa N. Taha, Hossam M. Hassan, and Ahmed A. Hamed. "Chitosan Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Formation Using Endophytic Fungi as Powerful Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Potentialities." Antibiotics 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2022): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050668.

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Nanotechnology is emerging as a new technology with encouraging innovations. Global antibiotic use has grown enormously, with antibiotic resistance increasing by about 80 percent. In view of this alarming situation, intensive research has been carried out into biogenic nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Many methods are available to enhance stability and dispersion via peroration of conjugate with a polymer, such as chitosan, and other bioactive natural products. Two marine fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria sp. via sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In this work, these strains were used to form the conjugation of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Aspergillus sp. Silv2 extract and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Alternaria sp. Gol2 extracts with chitosan to prepare chitosan–AgNPs and chitosan–AuNP conjugates. A variety of imaging and analytical methods, such as UV–vis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize biogenic nanoparticles and conjugates. The biosynthesized Ag and Au nanoparticles along with the prepared conjugates were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both chitosan–AgNP and AuNP showed powerful antimicrobial activities compared to the control. On the other hand, chitosan–AgNP conjugation had better antibacterial ctivity than chitosan–AuNPs, which exhibited moderate activity against S. aureus and very low activity against E. coli. Furthermore, the antibiofilm potentials of the prepared conjugates were tested against four biofilm-forming bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. aureus. The obtained results indicate that the chitosan–AgNP showed a promising anti-biofilm activities on all strains, especially S. aureus, while chitosan–AuNP conjugates showed moderate anti-biofilm against B. subtilis and weak activities against the other three strains. These results showed the superiority of chitosan–AgNP as a promising antibacterial as well as biofilm formation inhibitors.

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Sharma, Shilpa, Pallab Sanpui, Arun Chattopadhyay, and Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh. "Fabrication of antibacterial silver nanoparticle—sodium alginate–chitosan composite films." RSC Advances 2, no. 13 (2012): 5837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ra00006g.

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41

Jung, Jeyoung, Gownolla Malegowd Raghavendra, Dowan Kim, and Jongchul Seo. "Improving properties of Hanji by coating chitosan–silver nanoparticle solution." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 93 (December 2016): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.067.

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42

Tankhiwale, Rasika, and S. K. Bajpai. "Silver-nanoparticle-loaded chitosan lactate films with fair antibacterial properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 115, no. 3 (February 5, 2010): 1894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.31168.

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43

Alshehri, Mohammed Ali, Al Thabiani Aziz, Subrata Trivedi, and Chellasamy Panneerselvam. "Efficacy of chitosan silver nanoparticles from shrimp-shell wastes against major mosquito vectors of public health importance." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0062.

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AbstractMosquito-borne diseases are causing serious damage to public health worldwide, and control of these deadly mosquito vectors is a major thrust area for epidemiologists and public health workers. Therefore, the present research reports an eco-friendly solution with multipotency of silver nanoparticle fabricated from shrimp shell biowaste in controlling mosquitoes and bacterial pathogens. The biofabricated chitosan silver nanoparticles (Cs-AgNPs) were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and zeta potential analysis. The TEM studies showed that the obtained Cs-AgNPs were mostly spherical in shape. Low doses of chitosan and Cs-AgNPs showed high mosquitocidal properties against both larvae and adult of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The LC50 (lethal concentration 50%) of Cs-AgNPs was 10.240 ppm (fourth instar larvae) and 9.671 ppm (adult) for An. stephensi; 11.349 ppm (fourth instar) and 12.015 ppm (adult) for Ae. aegypti and 12.426 ppm (fourth instar) and 12.965 ppm (adult) for Cx. quinquefasciatus. The concerning part of antibacterial studies showed that Cs-AgNP had significant inhibition on tested bacterial pathogens. Overall, this study shows that chitosan extracted from the shrimp shell wastes can be used as a potential source for controlling major mosquito vectors.

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Torabfam, Milad, and Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri. "Microwave-enhanced silver nanoparticle synthesis using chitosan biopolymer: optimization of the process conditions and evaluation of their characteristics." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0139.

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Abstract A facile and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by aqueous chitosan solution and microwave irradiation is proposed as a cost effective and environmentally benevolent alternative to chemical and physical methods. With this aim, different amounts of chitosan solution (3–9 ml) with several concentration (4–6% w/v) and 3 ml of the silver salt solution (0.5% w/v) were mixed and microwave irradiated for 100 s. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of the amount and concentration of chitosan solution on the particle size and concentration of the synthesized AgNPs. The optimum AgNPs synthesis process was obtained using 9 ml of 0.4% (w/v) chitosan solution. The spherical and more stable AgNPs synthesized at optimum conditions had particle size, concentration, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential values of 37 nm, 69 ppm, 0.557 and +50 mV, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs indicated strong antifungal activity toward Aspergillus flavus and high antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).

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Vo, Quoc Khuong, Duc Duy Phung, Quynh Nhu Vo Nguyen, Hong Hoang Thi, Nhat Hang Nguyen Thi, Phuong Phong Nguyen Thi, Long Giang Bach, and Lam Van Tan. "Controlled Synthesis of Triangular Silver Nanoplates by Gelatin–Chitosan Mixture and the Influence of Their Shape on Antibacterial Activity." Processes 7, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120873.

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Triangular silver nanoplates were prepared by using the seeding growth approach with the presence of citrate-stabilized silver seeds and a mixture of gelatin–chitosan as the protecting agent. By understanding the critical role of reaction components, the synthesis process was improved to prepare the triangular nanoplates with high yield and efficiency. Different morphologies of silver nanostructures, such as triangular nanoplates, hexagonal nanoprisms, or nanodisks, can be obtained by changing experimental parameters, including precursor AgNO3 volume, gelatin–chitosan concentration ratios, and the pH conditions. The edge lengths of triangular silver nanoplates were successfully controlled, primarily through the addition of silver nitrate under appropriate condition. As-prepared triangular silver nanoplates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Silver nanoplates had an average edge length of 65–80 nm depending on experimental conditions and exhibited a surface plasma resonance absorbance peak at 340, 450, and 700 nm. The specific interactions of gelatin and chitosan with triangular AgNPs were demonstrated by FT-IR. Based on the characterization, the growth mechanism of triangular silver nanoplates was theoretically proposed regarding the twinned crystal of the initial nanoparticle seeds and the crystal face-blocking role of the gelatin–chitosan mixture. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of triangular silver nanoplates was considerably improved in comparison with that of spherical shape when tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species, with 6.0 ug/mL of triangular silver nanoplates as the MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) for Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera, and 8.0 ug/mL as the MBC for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) of triangular Ag nanoplates was 4.0 ug/mL for E. coli, V. cholera, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.

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K V, Bharkhavy, Pushpalatha C, Latha Anandakrishna, Niranjana Prabhu T, Lakshmi Rajamma, and Shashanka H M. "Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles: An In-Vitro Study." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 14755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.14755ecst.

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To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles suspended in Chitosan against Streptococcus mutans, the important causative pathogen for dental caries. Methodology: Antimicrobial activity was tested by performing the Agar Disc Diffusion test and the diameter of zone of inhibition (ZOI) was taken as the measure of antibacterial activity for the test sample (sample T), positive control, and negative control. The lack of formation of zone inhibition was construed as the absence of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity is articulated to be resistant, when a zone of inhibition of less than 7mm was observed, 8-10mm was construed as intermediate (8-10 mm), and ZOI more than 11 mm is construed as sensitive. The positive control Streptomycin was used as the standard. Results: The results showed potential antibacterial potency of silver nanoparticle against bacterial strains tested, Streptococcus mutans, compared to standard control used for the study.

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Mahasawat, Pawika, Ketsarin Hlongkeaw, and Sutthida Charoenrit. "Effect of Chitosan and Alginate Concentration on Size and Bactericidal Activity against Escherichia coli of Chitosan/Alginate/Silver Nanoparticle Beads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 855 (October 2016): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.855.54.

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Silver nanoparticles have been used in combination with biological polymer for antibacterial application. This study prepared chitosan/alginate/AgNP beads with varying chitosan and alginate concentration to use as an antibacterial material. The sizes of neat beads were larger (1286 ± 172, 1344 ± 142 and 1529 ± 73 μm for C1, C2 and C3, respectively) with increasing concentration of chitosan and alginate. Moreover, smaller beads were observed for the chitosan/alginate/AgNP beads, in which their sizes were 1151 ± 201, 1261 ± 204 and 1324 ± 198 µm for S1, S2 and S3, respectively, when compared to the chitosan/alginate beads. Furthermore, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of chitosan/alginate/AgNP beads against E. coli was 10, 10 and 3 µg/ml for S1, S2 and S3, respectively. This study suggested that the beads with the higher concentration of chitosan and alginate resulted in the greater bactericidal activity. Therefore, the chitosan/alginate/AgNP beads prepared in this study showed the bactericidal activity which can be used for antibacterial application.

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Mirda, Erisna, Rinaldi Idroes, Khairan Khairan, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Muliadi Ramli, Nanda Earlia, Aga Maulana, Ghazi Mauer Idroes, Muslem Muslem, and Zulkarnain Jalil. "Synthesis of Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Spheres and Their Antimicrobial Activities." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 3990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223990.

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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles–chitosan composite particles sphere (AgNPs-chi-spheres) has been completed and its characterization was fulfilled by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zetasizer nano. UV–vis spectroscopy characterization showed that AgNPs-chi-spheres gave optimum absorption at a wavelength of 410 nm. The XRD spectra showed that the structure of AgNPs-chi-spheres were crystalline and spherical. Characterization by SEM showed that AgNPs-chi-spheres, with the addition of 20% of NaOH, resulted in the lowest average particle sizes of 46.91 nm. EDX analysis also showed that AgNPs-chi-spheres, with the addition of a 20% NaOH concentration, produced particles with regular spheres, a smooth and relatively nonporous structure. The analysis using zetasizer nano showed that the zeta potential value and the polydispersity index value of the AgNPs-chi-sphere tended to increase with an increased NaOH concentration. The results of the microbial activity screening showed that the AgNP-chi-Spheres with highest concentration of NaOH, produced the highest inhibition zone diameters against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, with inhibition zone diameters of 19.5, 18.56, and 12.25 nm, respectively.

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Hernández-Vargas, Julia, J. Betzabe González-Campos, Javier Lara-Romero, E. Prokhorov, Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas, Judit A. Aviña-Verduzco, and Juan Carlos González-Hernández. "Chitosan/MWCNTs-decorated with silver nanoparticle composites: Dielectric and antibacterial characterization." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 9 (December 3, 2013): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40214.

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Francesko, Antonio, Marta Cano Fossas, Petya Petkova, Margarida M. Fernandes, Ernest Mendoza, and Tzanko Tzanov. "Sonochemical synthesis and stabilization of concentrated antimicrobial silver-chitosan nanoparticle dispersions." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 134, no. 30 (April 2, 2017): 45136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.45136.

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