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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Workamp, Marcel, Gustavo Ramirez, Karen E. Daniels, and Joshua A. Dijksman. "Symmetry-reversals in chiral active matter." Soft Matter 14, no. 27 (2018): 5572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00402a.

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A swarm of active-spinner particles displays a reversal of their swarming direction as their packing density is increased, an effect that can be enhanced by adding geometric friction between the particles.

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2

Metselaar, Luuk, Amin Doostmohammadi, and Julia M. Yeomans. "Topological states in chiral active matter: Dynamic blue phases and active half-skyrmions." Journal of Chemical Physics 150, no. 6 (February 14, 2019): 064909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5085282.

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3

Beppu, Kazusa, Ziane Izri, Tasuku Sato, Yoko Yamanishi, Yutaka Sumino, and Yusuke T. Maeda. "Edge current and pairing order transition in chiral bacterial vortices." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 39 (September 24, 2021): e2107461118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107461118.

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Bacterial suspensions show turbulence-like spatiotemporal dynamics and vortices moving irregularly inside the suspensions. Understanding these ordered vortices is an ongoing challenge in active matter physics, and their application to the control of autonomous material transport will provide significant development in microfluidics. Despite the extensive studies, one of the key aspects of bacterial propulsion has remained elusive: The motion of bacteria is chiral, i.e., it breaks mirror symmetry. Therefore, the mechanism of control of macroscopic active turbulence by microscopic chirality is still poorly understood. Here, we report the selective stabilization of chiral rotational direction of bacterial vortices in achiral circular microwells sealed by an oil/water interface. The intrinsic chirality of bacterial swimming near the top and bottom interfaces generates chiral collective motions of bacteria at the lateral boundary of the microwell that are opposite in directions. These edge currents grow stronger as bacterial density increases, and, within different top and bottom interfaces, their competition leads to a global rotation of the bacterial suspension in a favored direction, breaking the mirror symmetry of the system. We further demonstrate that chiral edge current favors corotational configurations of interacting vortices, enhancing their ordering. The intrinsic chirality of bacteria is a key feature of the pairing order transition from active turbulence, and the geometric rule of pairing order transition may shed light on the strategy for designing chiral active matter.

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4

Liu, Peng, Hongwei Zhu, Ying Zeng, Guangle Du, Luhui Ning, Dunyou Wang, Ke Chen, et al. "Oscillating collective motion of active rotors in confinement." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 22 (May 19, 2020): 11901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922633117.

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Due to its inherent out-of-equilibrium nature, active matter in confinement may exhibit collective behavior absent in unconfined systems. Extensive studies have indicated that hydrodynamic or steric interactions between active particles and boundary play an important role in the emergence of collective behavior. However, besides introducing external couplings at the single-particle level, the confinement also induces an inhomogeneous density distribution due to particle-position correlations, whose effect on collective behavior remains unclear. Here, we investigate this effect in a minimal chiral active matter composed of self-spinning rotors through simulation, experiment, and theory. We find that the density inhomogeneity leads to a position-dependent frictional stress that results from interrotor friction and couples the spin to the translation of the particles, which can then drive a striking spatially oscillating collective motion of the chiral active matter along the confinement boundary. Moreover, depending on the oscillation properties, the collective behavior has three different modes as the packing fraction varies. The structural origins of the transitions between the different modes are well identified by the percolation of solid-like regions or the occurrence of defect-induced particle rearrangement. Our results thus show that the confinement-induced inhomogeneity, dynamic structure, and compressibility have significant influences on collective behavior of active matter and should be properly taken into account.

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5

Moore, Jeffrey M., Matthew A. Glaser, and Meredith D. Betterton. "Chiral self-sorting of active semiflexible filaments with intrinsic curvature." Soft Matter 17, no. 17 (2021): 4559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01163k.

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6

Buchecker, R., J. Fünfschilling, and M. Schadt. "New Optically Active Dopants Based on Chiral Dioxanes." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 213, no. 1 (March 1992): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259208028736.

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7

Shibata, T., M. Kimura, S. Takano, and K. Ogasawara. "Novel Chiral Dopants from Optically Active 2.4-pentanediol." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 237, no. 1 (December 1993): 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259308030161.

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8

WANG, Mingcheng. "Confinement Leads to Spatially Oscillatory Collective Motion of Chiral Active Matter." Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 34, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7103161524.

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9

Kuball, H. G., Th Müller, H. Brüning, and A. Schünhofer. "Chiral Induction by Optically Active Aminoanthraquinones in Nematic Phases." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 261, no. 1 (March 1995): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259508033467.

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10

Shibata, T., M. Kimura, and K. Ogasawara. "Novel Chiral Dopants From Optically Active 2.4-Pentanediol (II)." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 350, no. 1 (October 1, 2000): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250008025251.

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11

Markovich, Tomer, Elsen Tjhung, and Michael E. Cates. "Chiral active matter: microscopic ‘torque dipoles’ have more than one hydrodynamic description." New Journal of Physics 21, no. 11 (November 25, 2019): 112001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab54af.

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12

Ai, Bao-quan, Zhi-gang Shao, and Wei-rong Zhong. "Mixing and demixing of binary mixtures of polar chiral active particles." Soft Matter 14, no. 21 (2018): 4388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00444g.

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13

Caprini, Lorenzo, and Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi. "Active chiral particles under confinement: surface currents and bulk accumulation phenomena." Soft Matter 15, no. 12 (2019): 2627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02492h.

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14

Yang, Ya, Jing Lu, and Lan Zhou. "Few-photon routing via chiral light-matter couplings." Communications in Theoretical Physics 74, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 025101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ac46a6.

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Abstract A quantum router is one of the essential elements in the quantum network. Conventional routers only direct a single photon from one quantum channel into another. Here, we propose a few-photon router. The active element of the router is a single qubit chirally coupled to two independent waveguides simultaneously, where each waveguide mode provides a quantum channel. By introducing the operators of the scatter-free space and the controllable space, the output state of the one-photon and two-photon scattering are derived analytically. It is found that the qubit can direct one and two photons from one port of the incident waveguide to an arbitrarily selected port of the other waveguide with unity, respectively. However, two photons cannot be simultaneously routed to the same port due to the anti-bunch effect.

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15

Carenza, L. N., G. Gonnella, D. Marenduzzo, and G. Negro. "Chaotic and periodical dynamics of active chiral droplets." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 559 (December 2020): 125025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2020.125025.

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16

Yoo, SeokJae, and Q.-Han Park. "Metamaterials and chiral sensing: a review of fundamentals and applications." Nanophotonics 8, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0167.

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AbstractChirality, a property of broken mirror symmetry, prevails in nature. Chiral molecules show different biochemical behaviors to their mirror molecules. For left or right circularly polarized lights, the fundamental chiral states of electromagnetic fields interact differently with chiral matter, and this effect has been used as a powerful tool for the detection of chiral molecules. This optical sensing, also termed chiral sensing, is not only easy to implement but also non-invasive to the analytes. However, the measurements made by the optical sensing of chiral molecules are challenging, as chiroptical signals are extremely weak. Recent years have seen active research efforts into metamaterial and plasmonic platforms for manipulating local fields to enhance chiroptical signals. This metamaterial approach offers new possibilities of chiral sensing with high sensitivity. Here, we review the recent advances in chiral sensing using metamaterial and plasmonic platforms. In addition, we explain the underlying principles behind the enhancement of chiroptical signals and highlight practically efficient chiral sensing platforms. We also provide perspectives that shed light on design considerations for chiral sensing metamaterials and discuss the possibility of other types of chiral sensing based on resonant metamaterials.

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17

Kim, Kyongwan, Natsuhiko Yoshinaga, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Hikaru Nakazawa, Mitsuo Umetsu, and Winfried Teizer. "Large-scale chirality in an active layer of microtubules and kinesin motor proteins." Soft Matter 14, no. 17 (2018): 3221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02298k.

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18

Liao, Guo-Jun, and Sabine H. L. Klapp. "Emergent vortices and phase separation in systems of chiral active particles with dipolar interactions." Soft Matter 17, no. 28 (2021): 6833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00545f.

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19

Shaltout, Amr, Jingjing Liu, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexander V. Kildishev. "Optically Active Metasurface with Non-Chiral Plasmonic Nanoantennas." Nano Letters 14, no. 8 (July 29, 2014): 4426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl501396d.

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20

Salmón, Manuel, and Gerard Bidan. "Chiral Polypyrroles from Optically Active Pyrrole Monomers." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 1897–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2114249.

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21

Ma, Fuduo, Sijia Wang, David T. Wu, and Ning Wu. "Electric-field–induced assembly and propulsion of chiral colloidal clusters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 20 (May 4, 2015): 6307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502141112.

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Chiral molecules with opposite handedness exhibit distinct physical, chemical, or biological properties. They pose challenges as well as opportunities in understanding the phase behavior of soft matter, designing enantioselective catalysts, and manufacturing single-handed pharmaceuticals. Microscopic particles, arranged in a chiral configuration, could also exhibit unusual optical, electric, or magnetic responses. Here we report a simple method to assemble achiral building blocks, i.e., the asymmetric colloidal dimers, into a family of chiral clusters. Under alternating current electric fields, two to four lying dimers associate closely with a central standing dimer and form both right- and left-handed clusters on a conducting substrate. The cluster configuration is primarily determined by the induced dipolar interactions between constituent dimers. Our theoretical model reveals that in-plane dipolar repulsion between petals in the cluster favors the achiral configuration, whereas out-of-plane attraction between the central dimer and surrounding petals favors a chiral arrangement. It is the competition between these two interactions that dictates the final configuration. The theoretical chirality phase diagram is found to be in excellent agreement with experimental observations. We further demonstrate that the broken symmetry in chiral clusters induces an unbalanced electrohydrodynamic flow surrounding them. As a result, they rotate in opposite directions according to their handedness. Both the assembly and propulsion mechanisms revealed here can be potentially applied to other types of asymmetric particles. Such kinds of chiral colloids will be useful for fabricating metamaterials, making model systems for both chiral molecules and active matter, or building propellers for microscale transport.

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22

Jeeva, S., S. J. Cowling, E. P. Raynes, and J. W. Goodby. "Chiral liquid crystal dopants derived from optically active drugs." Liquid Crystals 36, no. 10-11 (October 2009): 1193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290903056087.

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23

Hernández, Raúl Josué, Francisco J. Sevilla, Alfredo Mazzulla, Pasquale Pagliusi, Nicola Pellizzi, and Gabriella Cipparrone. "Collective motion of chiral Brownian particles controlled by a circularly-polarized laser beam." Soft Matter 16, no. 33 (2020): 7704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02404b.

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Remote switching from passive to collective chiral-active motion by circularly-polarized light is shown for spherical polymeric Brownian particles. Light-propulsion is triggered by the coupling between the particle's chirality and the light helicity.

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24

Shen, Zaiyi, Alois Würger, and Juho S. Lintuvuori. "Hydrodynamic self-assembly of active colloids: chiral spinners and dynamic crystals." Soft Matter 15, no. 7 (2019): 1508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02352b.

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25

Takehara, Sadao, Masashi Osawa, Kayoko Nakamura, Tetsuo Kusumoto, Ken-Ichi Sato, Akiko Nakayama, and Tamejiro Hiyama. "New chiral dopants for FLC materials: optically active cyclic ethers." Ferroelectrics 148, no. 1 (November 1993): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199308019946.

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26

Levis, Demian, and Benno Liebchen. "Micro-flock patterns and macro-clusters in chiral active Brownian disks." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 30, no. 8 (January 30, 2018): 084001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aaa5ec.

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27

Toxvaerd, S. "Origin of homochirality in biological systems." International Journal of Astrobiology 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550405002326.

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Models for segregation of racemic mixtures of chiral amphiphiles and lipophiles in aqueous solutions show that the amphiphiles with active isomerization kinetics can perform a spontaneous symmetry break during the segregation and self-assemble to homochiral matter. Based on physico-chemical facts, it is argued that D-glyceraldehyde, which was synthesized from the volatiles at the hydrothermal reactors at the origin of life, could be the origin of homochirality in biological systems.

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28

Masuda, Ryoji, Yoshio Kaneko, Yoshinori Tokura, and Youtarou Takahashi. "Electric field control of natural optical activity in a multiferroic helimagnet." Science 372, no. 6541 (April 29, 2021): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz4312.

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Controlling the chiral degree of freedom in matter has long been an important issue for many fields of science. The spin-spiral order, which exhibits a strong magnetoelectric coupling, gives rise to chirality irrespective of the atomic arrangement of matter. Here, we report the resonantly enhanced natural optical activity on the electrically active magnetic excitation, that is, electromagnon, in multiferroic cupric oxide. The electric field control of the natural optical activity is demonstrated through magnetically induced chirality endowed with magnetoelectric coupling. These optical properties inherent to multiferroics may lead to optical devices based on the control of chirality.

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29

Miyazawa, Kazutoshi, Shinichi Saito, Kanetsugu Terashima, Makoto Kikuchi, and Takashi Inukai. "Novel optically active compounds having 2-alkanoyloxypropyl moiety as chiral dopants." Ferroelectrics 121, no. 1 (September 1991): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199108217622.

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30

Lin, Wenbin. "Metal-Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Catalysis and Chiral Separations." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 7 (July 2007): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.104.

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an interesting class of molecule-based hybrid materials built from metal-connecting points and bridging ligands. MOFs have received much attention, owing to their potential impact on many technological areas, including gas storage, separation, and heterogeneous catalysis. The modular nature of MOFs endows them with facile tunability, and as a result, properly designed MOFs can yield ideal heterogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites through judicious choice of the building blocks. Homochiral MOFs, which can be prepared by numerous approaches (construction from achiral components by seeding with a chiral single crystal, templating with coordinating chiral co-ligands, and building from metal-connecting nodes and chiral bridging ligands), represent a unique class of materials for the economical production of optically pure compounds, whether through asymmetric catalysis or enantioselective inclusion of chiral guest molecules in their porous frameworks. As such, homochiral MOFs promise new opportunities for developing chirotechnology. This contribution provides a brief overview of recent progress in the synthesis of homochiral porous MOFs and their applications in asymmetric catalysis and chiral separations.

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31

Ouchi, Yuko, Yasuhiro Morisaki, and Yoshiki Chujo. "Synthesis of Optically Active Dendrimers Having Chiral Bisphosphine as a Core." Polymer Bulletin 59, no. 3 (May 22, 2007): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-007-0780-y.

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32

Asakura, Kouichi, Kayo Kobayashi, Yoshinori Mizusawa, Takehiro Ozawa, Shuichi Osanai, and Sadao Yoshikawa. "Generation of an optically active octahedral cobalt complex by a chiral autocatalysis." Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 84, no. 1-2 (June 1995): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(95)00013-t.

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33

Zullo, Valerio, Tianao Guo, Anna Iuliano, and Mark R. Ringenberg. "Control of Molecular Packing in Crystal and Electron Communication of Two Ferrocenyl Moieties across Chiral Isomannide or Isosorbide Bridge." Crystals 13, no. 3 (March 18, 2023): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030520.

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Intramolecular electronic communication between electrochemically active groups connected by a bridging moiety can be modified through small changes in the spatial disposition of the redox active moieties and/or by the nature of the central core. In this study, chiral bio-based compounds, namely isomannide and isosorbide, were employed as cheap and easy-to-functionalize chiral scaffolds to bridge two ferrocenyl electroactive moieties. The crystal structures of both bis-ferrocenyl diester complexes were studied and they showed that the chirality of the bridge results in an open or tight helical crystal packing. The electron communication between the two electroactive units in the mixed valent monocations was also investigated using electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry and differential pulsed voltammetry), and spectroelectrochemistry in the UV-Vis NIR. A computational study through time-dependent DFT was also employed to gain greater insight into the results obtained.

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34

Lemmerer, Andreas, Susan A. Bourne, Mino R. Caira, Jonathan Cotton, Umraan Hendricks, Laura C. Peinke, and Lee Trollope. "Incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients into a molecular salt using a chiral counterion." CrystEngComm 12, no. 11 (2010): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ce00043d.

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35

Crossland, W. A., and A. B. Davey. "Addressing requirements for chiral smectic liquid crystal active backplane spatial light modulators." Ferroelectrics 149, no. 1 (December 1993): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199308217307.

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36

Mirzaei, Mitra, та Per Berglund. "Engineering of ωTransaminase for Effective Production of Chiral Amines". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, № 6 (1 червня 2020): 2827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8947.

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ωTransaminases are pyridoxal-5-phosphat (PLP) dependent enzymes having the ability to catalyze the transference of an amino group to a keto compound. These enzymes are used for production of chiral amines which are important building blocks in pharmaceutical industry. There is often a need to improve enzyme properties such as enzyme stability, enzyme specificity and to decrease substrate-product inhibition. Here, protein engineering was applied to improve the enzyme activity of the enzyme from Chromobacterium violaceum Rational-design and site-directed mutagenesis were applied on position of (W60) in the active site of the enzyme. Different mutated enzyme variants such as W60H, W60F and W60Y were made. Also, the enantiopreference of the wild type enzyme was reversed to produce (R)-chiral amines. For this aim, a screening assay was followed by semi-rational approach and saturation mutagenesis in the active site of the enzyme. Creating the mutated enzyme libraries resulted to obtaining two enzyme variants. Their properties were low enantiopreference towards formations of (R)-enantiopreference and low specific constant ratio between fast and slow enantiomers (Evalue around one).

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37

Lei, Qun-Li, Massimo Pica Ciamarra, and Ran Ni. "Nonequilibrium strongly hyperuniform fluids of circle active particles with large local density fluctuations." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaau7423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7423.

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Disordered hyperuniform structures are an exotic state of matter having vanishing long-wavelength density fluctuations similar to perfect crystals but without long-range order. Although its importance in materials science has been brought to the fore in past decades, the rational design of experimentally realizable disordered strongly hyperuniform microstructures remains challenging. Here we find a new type of nonequilibrium fluid with strong hyperuniformity in two-dimensional systems of chiral active particles, where particles perform independent circular motions of the radius R with the same handedness. This new hyperuniform fluid features a special length scale, i.e., the diameter of the circular trajectory of particles, below which large density fluctuations are observed. By developing a dynamic mean-field theory, we show that the large local density fluctuations can be explained as a motility-induced microphase separation, while the Fickian diffusion at large length scales and local center-of-mass-conserved noises are responsible for the global hyperuniformity.

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38

Saha, Rajat, Susobhan Biswas, and Golam Mostafa. "pH-Triggered construction of NLO active CMOFs: change in supramolecular assembly, water clusters, helical architectures and their properties." CrystEngComm 13, no. 3 (2011): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ce00505c.

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Two different chiral metal–organic frameworks (CMOF), namely, {[Cu₂(1,10-phen)₂(tartrate)H₂O]·8H₂O}_n (1) and {[Cu(1,10-phen)(H₂tartrate)H₂O]·6H₂O}_n (2) have been synthesized by alternating the pH of the reaction media.

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39

Ikemoto, T., K. Sakashita, Y. Kageyama, F. Onuma, Y. Shibuya, K. Ichimura, and K. Mori. "Relationship between Molecular Structure and Induced Spontaneous Polarization for Chiral Dopants Containing an Optically Active Lactone." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 250, no. 1 (July 1994): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259408028210.

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40

Cui, Ying, Xiaosai Wang, Huan Jiang, and Yongyuan Jiang. "High-efficiency and tunable circular dichroism in chiral graphene metasurface." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 13 (December 30, 2021): 135102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4450.

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Abstract Circular dichroism (CD) response is extremely important for dynamic polarization control, chiral molecular sensing and imaging, etc. Here, we numerically demonstrated high-efficiency and tunable CD using a symmetry broken graphene-dielectric-metal composite microstructure. By introducing slot patterns in graphene ribbons, the metasurface exhibits giant polarization-selective absorption for circularly polarized (CP) wave excitations. The maximum CD reaches 0.87 at 2.78 THz, which originates from the localized surface plasmon resonances in patterned graphene. Besides, the operating frequency and magnitude of CD are dynamically manipulated by gating graphene’s Fermi energies. The proposed chiral graphene metasurface with high-efficiency and tunable capability paves a way to the design of active CD metasurfaces.

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Ziarani, Ghodsi M., Fatemeh Mohajer, Razieh Moradi, and Parisa Mofatehnia. "The Molecular Diversity Scope of Urazole in the Synthesis of Organic Compounds." Current Organic Synthesis 16, no. 7 (December 26, 2019): 953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666190925162215.

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Background: As a matter of fact, nitrogen as a hetero atom among other atoms has had an important role in active biological compounds. Since heterocyclic molecules with nitrogen are highly demanded due to biological properties, 4-phenylurazole as a compound containing nitrogen might be important in the multicomponent reaction used in agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Considering the case of fused derivatives “pyrazolourazoles” which are highly applicable because of their application for analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities as HSP-72 induction inhibitors (I and III) and novel microtubule assembly inhibitors. It should be mentioned that spiro-pyrazole also has biological activities like cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiotonic activities. Objective: Urazole has been used in many heterocyclic compounds which are valuable in organic syntheses. This review disclosed the advances in the use of urazole as the starting material in the synthesis of various biologically active molecules from 2006 to 2019. Conclusion: Compounds of urazole (1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione) are the most important molecules which are highly active from the biological perspective in the pharmaceuticals as well as polymers. In summary, many protocols for preparations of the urazole derivatives from various substrates in multi-component reactions have been reported from different aromatic and aliphatic groups which have had carbonyl groups in their structures. It is noted that several catalysts have been synthesized to afford applicable molecules with urazole scaffolds. In some papers, being environmentally friendly, short time reactions and high yields are highlighted in the protocols. There is a room to synthesize new catalysts and perform new reactions by manipulating urazole to produce biologically active compounds, even producing chiral urazole component as many groups of chiral urazole compounds are important from biological perspective.

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42

Liu, Li, Shu-Ping Huang, Guo-Dong Yang, Hao Zhang, Xiao-Li Wang, Zhi-Yong Fu, and Jing-Cao Dai. "Zn[Htma][ddm]: An Interesting Three-Dimensional Chiral Nonlinear Optical-Active Zinc-Trimesate Framework†." Crystal Growth & Design 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2010): 930–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg901259e.

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43

Andreani, Franco, Luigi Angiolini, Valeria Grenci, and Elisabetta Salatelli. "Optically active polyalkylthiophenes: synthesis and polymerization of chiral, symmetrically substituted, quinquethiophene monomer." Synthetic Metals 145, no. 2-3 (September 2004): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.05.006.

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44

ARIGA, KATSUHIKO, TAKUJI AIMIYA, QINGMIN ZHANG, AKIHIRO OKABE, MAKIKO NIKI, and TAKUZO AIDA. ""PROTEOSILICA" A NOVEL NANOCOMPOSITE WITH PEPTIDE ASSEMBLIES IN SILICA NANOSPACE: PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF SPIROPYRAN DOPED IN CHIRAL ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Nanoscience 01, no. 05n06 (October 2002): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x02000607.

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Mesoporous silica composites filling densely peptide assemblies (Proteosilica) were newly synthesized as transparent films. Spiropyran guest was co-doped in the films and photo-isomerization between spiropyran form and merocyanine form was repeated by alternate irradiation of visible and UV lights. Circular dichroism (CD) active spectra were observed only for the spiropyran form in the Proteosilica with hexagonal geometry. However, the CD active behavior was absent for the spiropyran in lamellar Proteosilica. Difference in peptide assembling structures would affect chiral sensitivity of the doped spiropyran guest.

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45

Lee, Kwang Yeon, Young Hee Lee, Chang Kyo Shin, and Geon Joong Kim. "Chiral (Salen) Complexes Encapsulated in Mesoporous ZSM-5 as an Optical Active Catalyst for Asymmetric Phenolic Ring Opening of Terminal Epoxides." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1809.

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ZSM-5 was modified by alkaline and acidic solution to introduce mesoporosity in the crystals. Heterogenized Co(III) salen was prepared in the mesopores of ZSM-5 by ‘ship-in-a-bottle’ method. Phenolic ring opening of epoxides was performed successfully by using encapsulated chiral salen catalysts. Very high enantioselectivity and conversion were obtained in PKR reaction by immobilized catalysts.

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46

Słomka, Jonasz, Piotr Suwara, and Jörn Dunkel. "The nature of triad interactions in active turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 841 (February 26, 2018): 702–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.108.

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Generalised Navier–Stokes (GNS) equations describing three-dimensional active fluids with flow-dependent narrow spectral forcing have been shown to possess numerical solutions that can sustain significant energy transfer to larger scales by realising chiral Beltrami-type chaotic flows. To rationalise these findings, we study here the triad truncations of polynomial and Gaussian GNS models focusing on modes lying in the energy injection range. Identifying a previously unknown cubic invariant for the triads, we show that their asymptotic dynamics reduces to that of a forced rigid body coupled to a particle moving in a magnetic field. This analogy allows us to classify triadic interactions by their asymptotic stability: unstable triads correspond to rigid-body forcing along the largest and smallest principal axes, whereas stable triads arise from forcing along the middle axis. Analysis of the polynomial GNS model reveals that unstable triads induce exponential growth of energy and helicity, whereas stable triads develop a limit cycle of bounded energy and helicity. This suggests that the unstable triads dominate the initial relaxation stage of the full hydrodynamic equations, whereas the stable triads determine the statistically stationary state. To test whether this hypothesis extends beyond polynomial dispersion relations, we introduce and investigate an alternative Gaussian active turbulence model. Similar to the polynomial case, the steady-state chaotic flows in the Gaussian model spontaneously accumulate non-zero mean helicity while exhibiting Beltrami statistics and upward energy transport. Our results suggest that self-sustained Beltrami-type flows and an inverse energy cascade may arise generically in the presence of flow-dependent narrow spectral forcing.

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47

Filippi, Antonello, and Maurizio Speranza. "Chiral ions in the gas phase. 5. Acid-induced methanolysis of optically active styrene oxide." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 185-187 (April 1999): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(98)14184-2.

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48

Lai, Xin, and Shaofan Li. "Substrate elasticity and surface tension mediate the spontaneous rotation of active chiral droplet on soft substrates." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 161 (April 2022): 104788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2022.104788.

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49

Alhendawi, Hussein, Ernesto Brunet, Elena Rodríguez Payán та Huda Alkahlout. "Novel optically active 2D materials based on λ-zirconium phosphate and chiral monocarboxylic acids: Synthesis and characterization". Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry 99, № 3-4 (5 лютого 2021): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-021-01043-z.

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50

Morisaki, Yasuhiro, Yuko Ouchi, Kazuhiko Tsurui, and Yoshiki Chujo. "Synthesis of the Optically Active Polymer Consisting of Chiral Phosphorus Atoms and p-Phenylene-ethynylene Units." Polymer Bulletin 58, no. 4 (November 20, 2006): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-006-0703-3.

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