Дисертації з теми "Chinois (langue) – Modalité (linguistique)"
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Chuang, Yuan-Ting. "Interaction entre le temps, l'aspect et le mode dans les phrases complexes en mandarin moderne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation is a corpus-based study of the tense, aspect and mood (TAM) and the interaction between these three categories in complex sentences in modern Mandarin Chinese. It aims to answer three questions related to the interpretation of temporality in Mandarin: (i) How temporal, aspectual and modal categories are marked and how they interact in complex sentences? ; (ii) What are the differences between the interactions of TAM in complex sentences and those in simple sentences? ; (iii) How is temporal sequence expressed in Mandarin? The temporal theory of Comrie (1985) and the aspectual model developed by Tournadre (2004) will be used as the theoretical framework to analyze the data. In the first part, we first introduce the concepts and theories of TAM used in general linguistics. Then we discuss the linguistic means used in Mandarin to convey temporal, aspectual and modal concepts, and the functioning of these three categories in simple sentences in order to compare it with the functioning in complex sentences. The second part is devoted to the analysis the interaction of TAM categories in various types of complex sentences which include those in subordinate clauses and verbal construction in series
Kong, Xiangfeng. "Le verbe modal "pouvoir" et ses traductions en chinois. À partir des Confessions de Jean-Jacques Rousseau et la traduction de Pingou Li." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL096.
Повний текст джерелаThe study explores the transposition of the French modality expression into Chinese through the French modal verb pouvoir. Although extensively studied, the translation of the modal verb pouvoir in a textual context, particularly into Chinese, remains underexplored. The objective of this study is thus to understand how pouvoir is translated into Chinese. This research, which is notably situated within a rhetorical-hermeneutic approach developed in interpretative semantics, relies primarily on Halliday's system of modality and Nida's principle of dynamic equivalence. These theoretical frameworks allow for the analysis of how modal shifts can occur during the translation of pouvoir into Chinese in a textual context. The study is conducted on a corpus consisting of the complete works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions and their translation by Li Pingou. A method combining qualitative and quantitative analyses is implemented to interpret the occurrences of pouvoir and their equivalents in Chinese. This comparative analysis enables the examination of the causes that lead to modal shifts during the translation of this modal verb into Chinese. The result of the analysis reveals that, on the one hand, pouvoir can be faithfully reconstructed in the translation, both formally and semantically, and that, on the other hand, modal shifts frequently appear, highlighting the active and dynamic role of the translator in translation activities. This point is a key issue for understanding the translation mechanism of pouvoir from French to Chinese. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the translation mechanism of the modal verb pouvoir into Chinese in textual translation
Goudin, Yoann. "L'intercompréhension en langues sinogrammiques : théories, représentations, enjeux, et modalités d'une didactique de la variation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF035.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis analyzes the current teaching and learning models among languages that were, and still are, in contact with the Chinese script, and that retain this influence in their modern lexicon : the sinogramic languages. This thesis asserts that such a course can be designed through a complete didactic reformulation of how to teach sinograms, not only in their graphic dimension, but also their phonological identity, in order for the student to imagine pronouncing a sinogram in the target-language according to his/her understanding of an already acquired 'bridge-language'. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, there is an epistemological discussion of the European approach to Chinese language and script, with the sole graphic - «ideographic» - focus, which shadowed traditional phonological practices. Next, the design of an alternative approach is proposed in which sinogram-based learning is not rooted in the so called concentrated approach, according to which sinogram types are selected in order of their frequency and adaptability within the contemporary lexicon. This alternative approach is discussed based on the training of the sinogramic system as a whole: the global approach. Finally, the main process for mutual understanding, which is called sinogramic transposition, is introduced to show how students can be trained to understand and produce readings of sinograms in the target-language
Chantarawaranyou, Mayurie. "Etude de la modalité : en français (modes verbaux) et en thaï (auxiliaires préverbaux de mode)." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030114.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper is a contrastive study between two languages on moods in french and modal preverbs in thai, analysed from different texts and based on the linguistic theory of gustave guillaume concerning the value of language and the value of speech
López, Izquierdo Marta. "Recherches sur la modalité : les verbes de modalité factuelle en espagnol médiéval." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100093.
Повний текст джерелаToussaint, Daria. "Le classificateur chinois à l'oral." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H023.
Повний текст джерелаBottineau, Didier. "Aspect, actance et modalité : systématique de l'infinitif anglais." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040205.
Повний текст джерелаThis study, based on the linguistic theory of G. Guillaume (the psychomechanics of language), with references to the meta-operational grammar of H. Adamczewski and the theory of operations of A. Culioli, deals with the way in which English utterances containing an infinitive verb form are generated : the genesis of a projected subject-predicate matrix, submitted to the mental scrutiny of the enunciator, can be intercepted at an early stage, resulting in an utterance which displays a virtualized connection between a potential subject (determined or undetermined) and the predicate, with a verbal relator passing a modal comment justifying the interception. A relator with a subject of its own is fore fronted, whereas a subjectless one remains inserted between the subject and the verb. An unintercepted subject-to-predicate connection is unmarked; an intercepted one is marked by one or several auxiliaries, with or without to, depending on the degree of actualization; a previously available connection is revalidated by -ing or virtualized by a past participle. The choice of aspectual verb forms is shown to reveal the degree of modal validation of the subject-to predicate link accepted by the enunciator, resulting in a correspondingly actualized link between the subject and the verb. The potential significates of verb forms, affixes and grammatical words in general are ascribed to the clusters of phonemes they contain: each sound represents an elementary mental process, and the meaning and syntax of grammatical words and some major lexical words is determined by the combination of processes their morphology involves. The infinitive is defined as the keystone between this cognitive structure of the word and the modal genesis of utterances it enables. This approach leads to a distinction between the morphogenic operations carried out by the enunciator and the semantic processes he tries to induce the hearer to perform
Cartier, Alice. "Problemes de linguistique contrastive indonesien chinois. Transitivite et passivation." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070064.
Повний текст джерелаThis is a contrastive study of two independant languages focusing on their differences but mostly on their common properties. The aim is to discover the underlying properties of transitivity and passivization through an investigation of the morphology and the syntax of these two languages. Passive is viewed as the implication of transitivity. Transitivity is taken in the sense of hopper & thompson (language 1980 : 251-99), i. E. As involving a number of parameters concerned with the effectiveness of the event. According to both authors transitivity operates not only at the sentence level but also at the discourse level. In as much as we are solely dealing with the sentence level, only parameters relevant to this level are taken into consideration. Secondly, both authors did not investigate how the parameters are applied to different languages. Thus the introduction of the concept of transitive structures, in which the presence absence of a parameter x triggers the presence absence of a parameter y is intended as a
Pan, Junnan. "Interrogation et quantification : le rôle et la fonction des particules et des syntagmes interrogatifs en chinois mandarin." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3013.
Повний текст джерелаBrul, Willem van den. "Les verbes de modalité en néerlandais contemporain." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040168.
Повний текст джерелаAfter a summary of the verbal system in Dutch, with its temporal, aspectual and modal values, there follows a description of the invariant operations that form the bases of all modal verb usage (zullen, moeten, kunnen, mogen, willen) when expressing necessity, possibility and will, as well as the future with zullen
Qiu, Haiying. "La négation en chinois et en français : étude comparative." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040001.
Повний текст джерелаThis comparative study is an attempts to bring a logico-semantic approch to bear on the way the negative is expressed in chinese and in french. The choice of the appropriate negative form depends on the respective priorities resulting from the specific features of each system. Thus modern chinese is characterized by an interweaving of the negative and the aspectual systems, whereas in french time-aspect and the negative are intirely separate concerns. French, on the other hand, is characterized by a rich morphology and the various negative morphemes can be classified according to the different levels of the sentence to which they roughly correspond, inversely, some of them can function at different levels of the sentence. The comparison reveals both different attention that each language gives to certains problems and similar aspects that might be of use when thinking of the negative as a universal
Zhang, Xiaoqian. "Expressions duratives en chinois mandarin : Une étude sur l'aspect." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01589803.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Jun. "Réalisations prosodiques de la focalisation large en mandarin : profils temporels et configurations tonales." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070052.
Повний текст джерелаThis study discusses the prosodic problem of the broad focus in Chinese declarative nominal syntagmes and phrases. Based on the data, I show that the prosodic representation of the board focus relates to the semantic and syntactic representation of the sentence and to the individual expressive intention and purpose. Moreover, I investigate that there is some interactions between the expressive factors, the tonal effects and the broad focus prosodic representation (the accent-to-focus assignment and the intonational pattern). These results demonstrate that the prosody plays the distinctive role in the broad focus interpretation on the production and perception: on the production the prosody is considered as a factor which could be affected and changed by other aspects such as syntactic structure, semantic representation and pragmatic effect; and on the perception the prosody considered as an independent factor according to which the interlocutor captures the meaning of information transmitted
Wang, Tsan-Hsiong. "Syntaxe des phrases interrogatives en chinois." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0064.
Повний текст джерелаQi, Chong. "Néologie et terminologie : analyse et classification des emprunts lexicaux en chinois." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA020.
Повний текст джерелаLu, Peng. "La subordination adverbiale en chinois contemporain." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070079.
Повний текст джерелаThis research brings to light the mechanisms of adverbial subordination, as illustrated in contemporary Chinese. It presents firstly a global view of the syntactic structure in the complex sentence with adverbial clauses in Chinese. It is shown that the complex sentence is constructed in the same way as the simple sentence. The adverbial clause behaves exactly like a non-clausal adverbial in a simple sentence. The different linear positions of adverbial clauses result from their different hierarchical levels. The adverbial clause is also constructed like a simple sentence. There is no specific rule governing the position of the constituents within the adverbial clause. The distribution of the subordinator depends on its nature, adverbial or prepositional. Following these investigations, the adverbial clauses in Chinese are divided into two main categories, according to the different syntactic properties manifested through their hierarchical level, their internal structure and the nature of their subordinator. We then embark on a series of detailed analysis on sentences that are concessive, final and consequential; we uncover their syntactic and semantic properties
Djang, Yali. "Le factitif en français et en chinois : aspects linguistique et didactique." Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39010.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to describe how the causatif system works in french and chinese. Since the problems, to be described or to be solved, in the two languages are not on the same level, we are obliged to present each of them separately in an analytical manner before we present the real comparison section of the study. In the first section we will mainly try to justify the specific status of the grammaticalized causative construction "faire + infinitive" which, unlike all other constructions "verb + infinitive", form a particular construction in modern french. The following section will begin with a presentation of the ancient chinese causatif which will help us to explain some causative phenomena of chinese today. A description of today's causative chinese will follow which will answer questions concerning the status of the grammaticalized causative operateurs. The comparison section will let us reveal more details on some points which either bring together or split apart the two linguistic systems. This section will also, above all, describe phenomena which would have been neglected in a non-comparative study. Since this thesis has been written in a didactic perspective we will finish by an analysis of existing grammars to bring about how they treat the causatif and to show how insufficient they are
Liu, Te-hsin. "Marque, registre et contour dans les systèmes tonals en chinois." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/140535209#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation concerns "the positional character of the tone" in Chinese, and suggests to rehabilitate representations to explain, in particular, diverse tone sandhi processes in Chinese. The hypothesis of a tonal periodic skeleton HLHL allows to resolve some of the problems raised by current representational and OT analyses, and sheds light on two questions unexplained by phonetics: i) Why are there systems with only contour tones in Chinese ? ii) Why does a level tone have an equal or superior duration to a contour tone, whereas the latter is supposed to be more complicated to produce according to phoneticians ? The proposed representations address these two questions and predict a formal hierarchy of tonal markedness. The theory developped here implies that Chinese contour tones can be analyzed as a succession of two level tones defined by an intratonal government relationship. A theoretical advantage of this conception is to avoid positing register primitives, the latter being incoporated into the tonal representation. Consequently, independant register spread is formally excluded from our representation
Wang, Xiuli. "La cohésion transphrastique : les compléments locatifs antéposés en chinois et en français." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030043.
Повний текст джерелаSpatial framing is a textual cohesion procedure which occurs before a clause, whose referent turn into means of reference. The spatial adverbials assume a textual function: they have to be syntactically and semantically independent enough towards the clause they precede. Clauses sharing this spatial reference represent the referential scope. Then, these clauses often localizes the state and the affaires trough them to bind the context before and the context after. The point of the reference is regularized and quantified in Chinese and in French. All of the analyses are based on the examples of the Soul's Mountain of Gao Xingjian. This study associate also with the cognitive reflections
Feng, Jean-Yves. "Une étude contrastive sur la notion du temps et la notion de l'aspect en français et en chinois." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030113.
Повний текст джерелаMo, Jianmin. "Adjectifs et constructions comparatives en chinois contemporain." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H085.
Повний текст джерелаAs the Chinese adjectives can be used not only as epithets, but also as predicates, the real existence of the Chinese adjective class is questioned by some linguists of Chinese who do not hesitate to class them as verbs and even give them the name "quality verbs". For this reason, the identification of Chinese adjective constitutes both a complicated and important task which is linked to the redefinition of parts of speech in Chinese, taking out the characteristics of adjectives different to those of other parts of speech on the one hand, and the syntactic and semantic behavioral characteristics of adjectives in comparative constructions, on the other. Our work is split into two parts. Firstly, we look for a set of criteria by which we can distinguish between the parts of speech in Chinese whilst also introducing very significant statistical results produced by groups of Chinese linguists in order to confirm our hypothesis about the existence of a class of adjectives in Chinese. Then, using Sapir's gradability theory, we carry out a sub-classification of Chinese adjectives which are predicates and a distinguish between adjectives, progressive verbs and causative verbs. In the second part based on the results obtained in the first, we interpret the different comparative relationships of adjectives and thus draw the particularities of comparative constructions in Chinese. Notably, we take an observe on comparative monemes of superiority : @bi, inferiority @@ meiyou, equality @gen. . . @yiyang and of equaling degree @you. . . Etc and thus logical and empirical analysis of negative form of comparative of superiority @@bu bi, which have often caused controversy amongst Chinese linguists
Yuan, Hua-Hung. "Quelques aspects de la quantification en chinois mandarin : pluralité et distributivité." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070001.
Повний текст джерелаSome phenomena of D(eterminer)-quantification and A(DVerb)/A(dverbial)-quantification in Chinese are analyzed here; in particular, (i) distributivity, defined as a distributive relation (Cf. Choe (1987)), and (ii) verbal plurality (Cf. Cusic (1981)). Two types of distributivity, labelled as "event-denoting" (1) and "individual-denoting" (2) can be found with dou 'ail' quantification and ge 'each' quantification. The four determiner quantifiers, mei 'every', reduplicated classifiers, geq 'diverse' and suoyoude 'all', necessarily in co-occurrence with dou 'all' indicate type (1) distributivity. However, the NPs modified by these determiners do not systematically yield an atomic reading, since their preverbal or postverbal position also plays a role. Mei 'every' does not only produce the distributivity of type (2), but also gives verbal plurality. In the nominal domain, reduplicated forms pluralize certain elements, whether they are nominal or verbal, and some of them can trigger thé distributivity of type (1)
Nghia, Khun. "Les énoncés complexes en "de shihou" en chinois." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070026.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, I study the sentences involving the subordinate clause with cte shihou (= Pdeshihou), in addition to a general prospect for the temporal adverb. Accordingly, I base on an analysis of aspectual system. I regard the aspectual properties of subordinate clauses and main clauses as the essential parameters which govern the relation between the two clauses. Based on these parameters, as well as the criteria such as the referentiality of the subjects of the two clauses and the presence of the adverb of quantification jiu, 1) I examine the various semantic values of Pdeshihou — six semantic values are studied ; 2) I determine the conditions of the generic or not generic interpretation of sentences involving Pdeshihou ; 3) I analyze the syntactic structure and the hierarchy of sentences involving Pdeshihou ; 4) I study the temporal localization of the Chinese sentence. My research is within a framework where intervene and interfere syntax, semantics and the discursive one. Thus It amount in a total and coherent analysis of the complex sentences involving Pdeshihou
Liu, Jinhong. "Lectures (non)-culminatives des accomplissements causatifs en mandarin : une approche expérimentale." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation investigates (nom-culminating construals of Mandarin causative accomplishments, which consist of two subevents, a process event brings a change of state. Mandarin causative accomplishments can be encoded either by monomorphemic causative accomplishment (MCA) verbs (e.g. shâ "kill") or by Resultative Verb Compounds (RVCs, e.g. shii-si "kill-dead"). According to their scale structures, MCA verbs are classified into two classes: gradable (having more than three degrees in the scale of state change) vs. ungradable (having only two degrees in the scale of state change).We claim that i) Unlike RVC which entail the culmination, MCA verbs in Mandarin imply the culmination, allowing nonculminating (NC) construals; ii) Gradable MCA verbs allow NC construals without adverbial modification, while ungradable MCA verbs allow NC when there are adverbial modifiers such as frequency adverbs. Moreover, based on Demirdache & Martin's (2015) Agent Control Hypothesis, we contend that agenthood also facilitates NC construals for MCA verbs. Three experiments are designed to investigate (non)-culminating readings of accomplishment verbs among Mandarin adults and children, concerning respectively accomplishments of three different constructions: (i) MCA verbs; (ii) RVCs; (iii) MCA verbs + hàojici "several times". The results with adults confirm our claim. And the results with the children suggest that they have indeed acquired the culmination inference carried by MCA verbs, as the findings for experiment 3 clearly show, but fail to cancel this inference in the absence of explicit linguistic cues. We suggest that children's overly restrictive behavioral pattern of interpretation under experiment I with MCA verbs arises because they fail to cancel the lexical implicature in the absence of linguistic cue
Roth, Odile. "Les compléments résultatifs à valeur aspectuelle du chinois contemporain." Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0013.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation presents the results of a corpus-based study of four resultative complements in contemporary Chinese: 完 wán « finish », 好 hăo « achieve », 到 dào « attain » and 掉 diào « vanish ». These resultative complements, which count among the most frequent in contemporary Chinese, are generally regarded as aspectual resultatives. Through a systematic analysis of their context of use, the author identifies three functions for these resultative complements: a lexical function, an aspectual function and a subjective function. The dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter one presents the role played by resultative constructions in the entire verbal system of contemporary Chinese. Chapter two gives a definition of resultative constructions in contemporary Chinese and a critical overview of previous work on aspectual resultative complements. Chapter three presents the lexical function of resultative complements and observes the role they play in word-formation process ; Chapter four examines the aspectual function of resultative complements, and establishes a distinction between the marking of perfective and telicity; Chapter five presents the subjective function of resultative complements, and shows how these can allow the speaker to express subjectivity in the language. One will find in the appendix a complete list of all V-完 wán, V-好 hăo, V-到 dào, V-掉 diào occurrences found in the corpus
Novakova, Iva. "Temporalité, modalité et aspectualité au futur : l'exemple du français et du bulgare." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39015.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work analyses the idea of futurity as a universal semantic and cognitive category through its different ways of expression in French and Bulgarian. The uses of the future tenses are analysed through three basic utterer-centered categories: temporality, modality and aspectuality. The textual dimension of futures contributes to the vast panorama of way the future tenses function, because the semantic values of the occurrences change according to the register in which they appear. The late formation of the future tenses is a general tendency in languages. The historical perspective of the futures enables one to better understand of their meanings at the present stage of the language. The study is based on a large corpus of literary and everyday use examples in the two analysed languages. The classification of the collected utterances and their translations made it possible to determine the structure of the work. It widely resorts to the instruments and the concepts of the utterer-centered linguistic theory, contrastive linguistics, cognitive semantics, pragmatics and textual linguistics. The methodological approach chosen in this study insists on the impossibility to separate the temporal, modal and aspectual dimensions in the analyses of the futures because they influence each other. This approach proves that the traditional classification of the futures into "temporal" and "modal" uses does not correspond to the realities of the language. The future processes are ulterior to the speaker's present (temporal parameter). The fact that they escape the truth criteria explains that the future is inherently a modalized tense. The third parameter, namely aspect or the speaker's view point on the process (global, accomplished, non-accomplished, prospective) is widely analysed in the present study. The work also shows the importance of the subject's person, which conveys various shades of meaning. If, for processes referring to the past, it may remain discreet, in the future, it becomes unavoidable
Chan, Kwang Guan Daniel. "La négation et la polarité en chinois contemporain." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070013.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with negation in contemporary Chinese from the point of view of its diversity, its scalarity, and polarity items. The content is divided into two parts. In the first part, which concerns its diversity, negation is treated on the morphosyntactic, syntactic and pragmatic level. On the morphosyntactic level, we revisit the problem of the choice between two negation markers (bu and méî) in relation to its aspectual features. On the syntactic level, we seek to unify these two markers within the generative syntax framework, while considering the alternation between these negation markers and affirmation markers, as well as the cases of multiple negations. On the pragmatic level, we analyse several commonly used forms and particles that contribute to implicit negation. In the second part, we attempt to demonstrate that negation is "scalar", to the extent that one can strengthen or tone down negative meaning through the use of negative polarity items. We bring to light the fonction and operation of polarity items (PI) in general through the study of the so-called "scalarity" of negation, and of its affirmative counterpart. We then examine how the quantitative value and syntactic position of polarity items work in tandem to produce positive or negative meaning in sentences. Finally, we discuss the possibility of restricting IP to certain syntactic classes
Wang, Honglu. "L'ordre des mots et le changement d'ordre des mots en chinois : analyse synchronique et diachronique." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0040.
Повний текст джерелаThis linguistic work on typology is a study on the order of constituents in chinese. Is chinese a S-O-V (subject - verb- object) language or a S-V-O language? This dissertation discusses in detail the different arguments given by the tenants of the two different hypotheses. It also deals with other word orders than the sole order of the "subject", "verb" and "object" constituents. The work is divided into three parts : one diachronic part untitled "Word order in ancient Chinese", one synchronic part on "Word order in contemporary Chinese" and one part in where our corpus is analyzed. The diachronic work shows that the Chinese was originally a S-V-O language and has been unchanged all along its history. The changes were however significant in other areas : prepositions, classifiers, etc. It is showed in the synchronic part, that the hypothesis of S-V-O is more convincing. The third part presents two oral speeches belonging both to Standard Mandarin. One detailed analysis of these two speeches show undoubdetly that contemporary Chinese is indeed a S-V-O language
Boulin, Myriam. "Temporal Deixis and Anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese : a contrastive study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01599127.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis conducts a contrastive analysis of temporal deixis and anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese through the study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents. More generally, it explores the problems linked to the encoding of time location and time relations in English, a tensed language, vs. Mandarin Chinese, an aspectual language. This research is based on the study of a bidirectional bilingual corpus of narrative texts, film dialogues and spontaneous conversations. The Mandarin markers examined include time adverbs such as xianzai `now', nashi `at that time', dangshi 'at the time', zheshi this moment' as well as the aspectual particles final le and verbal —le. It is found that deictic and anaphoric time adverbials play a more crucial role for time location in Chinese than in English while sequential adverbs are more widely used in English than in Chinese. This is linked to the fact that English is a tensed language equipped with grammatical means of temporal location, and thus in lesser need of lexical devices for temporal location, while Mandarin is an aspectual language which codes time relations between eventualities, and is thus in lesser need of sequential markers than English. Moreover, we find that the absence of tense in Chinese results in an unmarked use of proximal time deictics such as xianzai 'flow' in narratives, while the use of now in English narratives, when combined with past tense, creates a deictic shift. It is finally found that the pragmatic uses of now and then and thei Mandarin equivalents draw from the deictic and anaphoric characteristics of the markers: now is contrastive while then is continuative
Mettouchi, Amina. "Aspect et négation : recherche d'invariants et étude énonciative de l'incidence de la modalité négative sur l'aspect en berbère (kabyle)." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030069.
Повний текст джерелаCotte, Pierre. "Le système des auxiliaires modaux dans le système verbal de l'anglais contemporain." Grenoble 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39001.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of this study is threefold; it is an analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of the modal auxiliaries of english and it aims at giving a general semantic definition of their class as well as of each individual modal auxiliary. It is shown that the class of modal auxiliaries is characterized by abstraction and virtualisation - semantic properties that are revealed by a comparison with the mass of the other verbs of english and to-periphrases. These properties explain why the modals do not require to after them and lack the specific marker of the present tense of the indicative mood. The analysis also shows how the modals became orga- nized into a paradigm whose model is to and were thus led to abandon the quasi nominal mood to be used only finitely. It is also concerned with the relation between this paradigm and do and is able to account for the fact that they do not combine. The thesis thus shows that each formal property is motivated by the general meaning of the class but it is also a systematic exploration of the semantic potential of each particular modal and is concerned with the relations between modal and other auxiliaries, in particular the order of operators in the verb phrase of english
Changmo, Hsu. "Le parallèlisme et sa fonction sociale en chinois moderne." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHESA020.
Повний текст джерелаBoneva-Borissevitch, Krassimira. "Le rôle des modalités épistémiques dans l'élaboration d'une semiosis." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100029.
Повний текст джерелаThe role of epistemic modalities in building up the semiosis is possible to establish, with reference to French semiotics, only through Greimas's semiotic theory and l'Ecole de Paris. The occurrence of the semiosis is in close connection with the structure which can be defined as a network of relations which precedes their manifestation on the surface structure. The constitutive model is graphically presented by means of a semiotic square where the two schemas defined through the relations of contradiction stand in relation of contrariety and produce the semiosis. The occurrence of the semiosis is theoretically traced by means of generative trajectory structures. Modalities are considered to be necessary conditions for building up the subject's competence (being, wanting, having to do or to be) and his getting to performance (doing, being able to do or to be). Epistemic modalities expressed through the categories of knowing and believing are based on the subject's identity that has already been established. His believing makes it possible for him to assume his own modal completion and the credibility of enunciator's universe. The believing lays the foundation of a new modality - the asumption modality, which, together with the enunciator's persuasive doing, is a premise for the building up of semiosis combining the sender's immanent nature and the receiver's interpretative doing. In the analysed text (Exodus 28 of the Old Testament) the believing is not a fully completed category yet. This category contributes to building up the Subject's epistemic judgement through the making of an Object (sacerdotal vestments). In the process of making the Object, the Subject experiences the esthesis of the Object thus forming his believing which is unlimited in time. In such a way the assumption modality contributes to the creation of an unlimited semiosis in which the subject - the conscious bearer of the whole modality complex - can under go an endless evolution
Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hoa. "Contribution à l'étude de la prosodie du Vietnamien : Variations de l'intonation dans les modalités - assertive, interrogative et impérative -." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070018.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims mainly the 2 aspects of the prosody of Vietnamese: 1. The prosodic variations of the intonation in the 3 types of sentence: assertion, interrogation and injunction. 2. The influence of the intonation on the tone in final position of the sentence. It is an experimental study which concerns at the same time the read speech (acoustic analysis, test of perception and re-synthesis) and the spontaneous speech (acoustic analysis and comparative study). The results show that each type of sentence bas a specific intonation generally given by the overall height of Fo, the duration and the intensity of the sentence. However, the general contour of Fo is not a very plausible index for the characterisation of the modalities because of the tonal variations on the level of syllables. On the other hand, the behaviour of the tone that carries the final syllable can be regarded as a preponderant element when one speaks about the melody of a sentence. On this point, one can say that the differences between the tonal variants generated by the intonation are more significant when one concerns about the height (Fo), the form and the amplitude of tonal contour than the duration and the intensity of the syllable in question
Ricaud, Philippe. "Particules et théorie linguistique : réflexions à propos des particules finales du cantonais." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0309.
Повний текст джерелаBeynong the description of the final particles in cantonese, this thesis aims at 1 showing how fundamental particles are for linguistic theory, and 2 defending the necessity of a systemic approach of particles. Thanks to our definition of the general category of particles, the final particles of cantonese are specified as "propositional particles". Then, relations between final particles and morphosyntactical structure are examined : incidence, adverbs, complex sentence, modalities, etc. In order to explain the unicity of the value of a given particle, the cantonese final particles are described through our hypothesis of the split of the intrinsic value into a denotative value and a discursive value. Then, we show that 1 some forms must be regarded as variants of a same particle, not as concurrent units, and 2 this can be explained by the phonosymbolism principle. Finally, a list of typological features is proposed for syntactic, semantic and phonetic characterization of the particles
Jendraschek, Gerd. "Les notions modales de possibilité et de capacité en basque : morphologie, syntaxe, sémantique, variations diachronique et sociolinguistique." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20044.
Повний текст джерела'Possibility' can be defined as a functional domain corresponding to an array of structures that we have described for Basque. This description is based on several corpora of written Basque, representing mainly the standard(s), but also regional and classical varieties. These corpora, as well as informant work with several native speakers, have shown a great deal of variation, both synchronically and diachronically. One way of expressing possibility in Basque is by means of a special set of auxiliaries. These do not distinguish epistemic from non-epistemic possibility, but media language makes frequent use of specific markers. Only the most frequent of the auxiliary forms can resist to gradual obsolescence. This evolution must be seen in connection with the external history of Basque, which is caracterized by dialect levelling, attrition, and creolization
Li, Yiping. "Étude des problèmes spécifiques de l'intégration du chinois dans un système de traitement automatique pour les langues européennes." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0282.
Повний текст джерелаLinguistic analysis is a fundamental and essential step for natural language processing. It often includes part-of-speech tagging and named entity identification in order to realize higher level applications, such as information retrieval, automatic translation, question answers, etc. Chinese linguistic analysis must perform the same tasks as that of other languages, but it must resolve a supplemental difficulty caused by the lack of delimiter between words. Since the word is the elementary unit for automated language processing, it is indispensable to segment sentences into words for Chinese language processing. In most existing system described in the literature, segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition are often presented as three sequential, independent steps. But since segmentation provides the basis for and impacts the other two steps, some statistical methods which collapse all three treatments or two of the three into one module have been proposed. With these combinations of steps, segmentation can be improved by complementary information supplied by part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition, and global analysis of Chinese improved. However this unique treatment model is not modular and difficult to adapt to different languages other than Chinese. Consequently, this approach is not suitable for creating multilingual automatic analysis systems. This dissertation studies the integration Chinese automatic analysis into an existing multilingual analysis system LIMA. Originally built for European languages, LIMA’s modular approach imposes some constraints that a monolingual Chinese analysis system need not consider. Firstly, the treatment for Chinese should be compatible and follow the same flow as other languages. And secondly, in order to keep the system coherent, it is preferable to employ common modules for all the languages treated by the system, including a new language like Chinese. To respect these constraints, we chose to realize the phases of segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition separately. Our modular treatment includes a specific module for Chinese analysis that should be reusable for other languages with similar linguistic features. After error analysis of this purely modular approach, we were able to improve our segmentation with enriched information supplied by part-ofspeech tagging, named entity recognition and some linguistic knowledge. In our final results, three specific treatments have been added into the LIMA system: a pretreatment based on a co-occurrence model applied before segmentation, a term tokenization relative to numbers written in Chinese characters, and a complementary treatment after segmentation that identifies certain named entities before subsequent part-of-speech tagging. We evaluate and discuss the improvement that these additional treatments bring to our analysis, while retaining the modular and linear approach of the underlying LIMA natural language processing system
Yong, Yi-Chine. "Approche des cultures française et chinoise à travers les proberbes, les locutions et les expressions imagées." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030074.
Повний текст джерела* by a comparative study of the most significant expressions in each language. * by implementing a pedagogic instrument employing those expressions when teaching french to chinese students, and teaching chinese to french students. This consists of: * first, picking up expressions coming from popular tradition. History, writers and philosophers, translating them and analysing them; * next, making people discover different as well as similar significations in both cultures without canceling their own particularities; * and, specially, using proverbs and other idioms which represent civilisation and are a link to give access to "what is the other". Thanks to this approach, it is possible to mild this "cultural shock" created out of geographical difference. This also helps in building bridge between two rich cultures
Yu, Mengyang. "Analyse linguistique de l'expression des émotions en chinois." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL181.
Повний текст джерелаEmotions are omnipresent. They are expressed by lexemes, fixed expressions, but also interjections, insults, gestures, facial expressions, the prosody of an utterance ... Besides, there are also the cases where by a certain syntactic structure for example we feel the emotional nuances. The question of emotion is therefore complex and subject to research in many areas. Based on Darwin's two fundamental postulates - the universality of the expression of emotions and its adaptability - researchers have developed different theoretical schools that make us ask the following questions: Are emotions universally expressed in the same way? Are they biologically determined? What role does the individual play in the resentment of emotions? What are the impacts of society and culture on the perception and expression of emotions? Etc. In the framework of thesis we propose to study these questions through a research on the expression of emotions in Chinese. To do this, we performed an analysis of the decoding of emotional discourses, a seminal analysis in Mandarin and French, in order to then build semantic networks that help to better understand the specificities of expression and the understanding of emotions in Chinese and French, an analysis of the conceptualization of emotions in Chinese, a search for innovations in the expression of emotions in Chinese in digital conversations and in oral, and finally a syntactic analysis of the linguistic expression of emotion in Mandarin, both oral and written. This study on the expression of emotions in Chinese allowed us to show that emotion is a psychological phenomenon largely influenced by social and cultural factors
Guillaume, Bénédicte. "Approche énonciative des question tags en anglais contemporain : étude d'un corpus écrit et oral." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2030.
Повний текст джерелаMesnard, Michèle. "L'expression de la modalité en langue juridique : étude portant sur les verbes devoir et pouvoir." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30047.
Повний текст джерелаThe legal language, and especially the code's language of the civil and penal fields, either legislative or reglementary, is intuitively seen as carrier of numerous values of obligation and permission. The analysis reveals that this language conveys an important number of national elements and wordings containing the two modal verbs "pouvoir" and "devoir", since one can find 5500 appearances of these verbs, including more tha 4300 for "pouvoir" in the French civil and penal codes and in the French civil and penal procedural codes. This concentration of the expression of the possible and/or the compulsory allows to translate the differents fields of the idea which guide a legislative wording, the presupposition of an hypothesis, and its possible or compulsory solutions, a principle or an exception
Carreira, Maria Helena Araújo. "Modalisation linguistique en situation d'interlocution : proxémique verbale et modalisation en portugais." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040210.
Повний текст джерелаWithin the domain of modality and interlocution - conceived both at the level of the potentialities of language (that of the virtual means of verbal communication) and at the discursive level (that of the variation of individual realizations) - this study concerns "verbal proxemics". The problem is stated in the following way: which verbal means do subjects speakers of a language have at their disposal in order to regulate their interlocutive distance, when they proceed to verbal exchanges? How are these linguistic means being implemented in the variability of discursive solutions? Faced with the variety of these means, delimitation of a certain number amongst them is required. Have been chosen: address forms, "interlocutive expressions" (see "modal particles", "discursive particles", "enonciative particles", etc. ) and linguistic manifestations of politeness, in Portuguese. These three types of means, particularly well qualified for the regulation of interlocutive distance are delimited from different viewpoints (see "bilans d'études" ("assessments of studies") and a semantico-pragmatic delimitation based on a continuous vision of semantic phenomena (see B. Pottier's theory) is proposed (1st part). The modal realm to which these means belong leads to a reflection on the ways to access the study of the linguistic expression of modality, from a point of view of interlocution (2nd part). A certain number of discursive solutions which put to the test the results of our study (1st and 2nd parts) are then being analyzed (3rd part). This research follows, indeed, a movement to and fro between discursive realizations, language potentialities and conceptual possibilities, and aims to reconcile the point of view of linguistics "of the conversational field" and that of theoretical linguistics
Gerbe, Rose-Marie. "Le présent prototypant : contribution à l'étude des appareils formels du français écrit." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39052.
Повний текст джерелаThe present tense can be studied according to a new approach, taking both the formal apparatus and the modal point of view into account, especially when the temporal reference is not relevant. So in some written utterances, which do not have any oral equivalent and are not communication-oriented, the present tense does not refer to any specific situation, whether simultaneous to the speech act or not. It allows, through a co-text and a context, both involved in this "dis-actualization", to refer to a "prototypical" event, not in the semantic sense of the word but in the sense of a "model" : this event, expressed in the present tense, becomes "dis-actualized", unreal but exemplary; it can be realized in many different ways (we can use the locution "paradigmatic reference"). That is why we refer to it as a "prototyping" modality of the present tense, for example in the philosophical examples, legal texts and narrative manuscripts
Iljic, Robert. "L'expression du temps en chinois contemporain. Etude de trois marqueurs." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070024.
Повний текст джерелаIn this doctoral thesis we try to answer the question of how modern chinese expresses time, and more specifically the past, through the study of three lexically empty markers which, though not pure time markers, always or almost always refer to the past. These are : sentence marker laizhe, currently used in northern china, which indicates that a process or a state was going on in the recent past, but doesn't exist any more at present; verbal suffix -guo which marks either that an event took place at least once in a relative past or that a definite process (which was supposed to happen) actually occurred; nominal determination marker de which in one particular structure ( (shi) v de o) filters through the past time value only
Ben, Kharafa Mustapha. "Les marques modales dans un corpus spontané en langue seconde : deux sujets hors situation scolaire : une analyse énonciative et intonative." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030143.
Повний текст джерелаThe importance of this work is seen in the fact of deducing certain linguistic facts which seem to be governed by particular necessities from a spontaneous oral situation and find the differences between the three languages to be analysed (french, english and moroccan arabic) from a detailed study of melody that helps to distinguish different ways of showing the position of the modal marker and his effect upon the whole sentence
Romero, Céline. "L'évolution syntaxique des verbes modaux dans l'histoire de l'anglais." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030061.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we assume a syntactic position for the preterite-presents in Old English and show that they are raising verbs. We underline the grammaticalization of (epistemic) modals in late Old English : they have two syntactic positions Mode (epistemic) and vModal (root). Our hypotheses are based on the analysis of infinitival structures (particularly the parallelism between the syntax of causatives and preterite-presents), negation (negative concord, Neg criterion, polarity), adverbs, elliptic structures and the TO particle
Yu, Xinyue Cécilia. "Structure argumentale et acquisition en langue étrangère." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC278.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the acquisition process of ditransitives constructions in Mandarin Chinese by French adult learners. These constructions are formally characterized by the double-object structure and structures with the preposition Gei, and semantically characterized by a caused possession event. This work adopts the Construction Grammar approach, and was developed from the descriptive analysis of the syntactic-semantic interface of verb classes and ditransitives constructions. An experimental study was conducted to clarify the factors, such as information structure and syntactic weight, which play on the choice of constructions in real usage. In terms of the acquisition process, our work aims to answer two questions: 1) Are learners sensitive to the interface of syntactic structures and semantic constraints? 2) Can they acquire the constraints of information structure and syntactic weight on these constructions? To answer the first question, experiences including an acceptability judgment task and a translation task were carried out, and the results show an acquisition process characterized by the Ll transfer effect, explicit input effect, overgeneralization and (partial) recovery from overgeneralization. To answer the second question, a semi-guided production experience was carried out, and the results reveal on one hand an acquisition process marked by the overuse of a construction because of ignorance of the information structure and recovery from the overuse, and one the other hand a "U-shaped" acquisition pattern of syntactic weight factor
Wen-Dode, Huiping. "You '(Y) avoir' grammatical dans le mandarin de Taiwan." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0086.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation concerns the grammatical use of you 'to have, there is' ('you VP') in Taiwan Mandarin (MT). The first part introduces the standard uses of you in Mandarin (in general) as well as some special uses of you in MT. The second part is a critical examination of previous works. In the thrid part, a detailed investigation of you in different sentence types allows us to establish the semantical, syntaxical and pragmatical role of you and to draw a list of its typical uses. It is argued that you has improved elliptical expressions and the interrogative system. In the fourth part, you is compared to le (perfectif) and to hui (irrealis). You is proved to be a modal marker (realis), thus at a higher level than le (and the other aspectual-temporal markers: guo, zai and zhe) and at the same level than hui. The use of you completes the TAM (Tense, Aspect and Mood) system. You then is compared to shi ('to be', higher verb) and is proved to be at a lower level than shi. In the last part, it is argued that the use of you in MT is natural and inevitable : it helps the restructuring of Mandarin
Bourdier, Valérie. "Traitement énonciatif du modal should dans des propositions interdépendantes en anglais contemporain." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070088.
Повний текст джерелаThe description of the semantics of the English modal auxiliary should is problematic on account of the multiplicity of values it may take on and the diversity of the environments in which it may appear. In particular, the use of should in complex utterances is often difficult to interpret with reference to the values of weak obligation and prediction, with which it is routinely associated in independent clauses. In consequence, the use of should in such contexts is regarded by some linguists to be « marginal », devoid of semantic content or even redundant. In this corpus-based study carried out within the theoretical framework of the Theory of Enunciative Operations, the case is made for a unitary treatment of should capable of taking in the Ml range of its uses Emphasis is placed on the way meaning is constructed in context via the interplay of locating operations in four kinds of syntactic environment : content clauses in noun-phrase structures, content clauses functioning as subject in copular verb + adjectif phrase constructions, hypothetical clauses and modalizing matrix clauses. The question of the relationship between shall and should is examined from both a diachronic and a synchronic standpoint and, via the examination of a large number of authentic examples taken from contemporary written English, new light is shed on the nature of the operations underlying the -ED marker. Particular attention is paid throughout to the analysis of features relating to the subjective and inter-subjective dimension of utterances containing should
Drocourt, Zhitang. "Evolution syntaxique des classificateurs chinois (du XIVe siècle av. J. -C. Au XVIIe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0325.
Повний текст джерелаClassifiers are differentiated from measure words which are required and universal. Derivedfrom the first archaic unit-nouns and incorporated into the vernacular during the pre-medieval period (secondfirst century b. C. ), chinese classifiers appear most frequently in the context of qunantifying the unit, while semantically they are employed for stylistic and rhetorical purposes. Traditionally interpreted as un change in word order, their two syntactic positions -- before and after the noun -- occur simultaneously throughout the history of the chinese language, and indicate, in fact, two kinds of quantification, general and specific respectively