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1
Beviss-Challinor, Lauren Margaret. "Design, build and test a passive thermal system for a loft : a roof solar chimney application for South African weather conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH: The design, construction and testing of a passive thermal system, a roof solar chimney, for a loft is considered. Unlike conventional solar chimneys the solar collector is constructed from corrugated iron roof sheets with the aim that it can be integrated into existing buildings at a lower cost or used in low cost housing developments. The main objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of such low-cost design to regulate thermal conditions in a loft, that is heating the loft during winter and enhancing natural ventilation during summer, by carrying out an experimental and analytical study. The results obtained from the experimental study showed that for winter the solar chimney, having a channel width, depth and length of 0.7 m, 0.1 m and 1.8 m respectively and with a peal solar radiation of 850 W/m², heated the room air 5°C higher than the ambient temperature during the hottest periods of the day, which is only marginally better than a loft with conventional roof insulation. At night, it was found that reverse airflow occurred through the chimney, cooling the loft down to ambient temperature, due to radiation heat loss from the roof collector to the night sky. For summer operation, the experimental data showed that the chimney was able to maintain the loft at ambient temperature and the analytical study found that the chimney was able to enhance natural ventilation effectively, reaching air exchange rate of 6.6 per hour for the 4.6 m³ volume space. It was also found that the chimney’s performance dropped rapidly and significantly during periods of low solar radiation and at night. A sensitivity analysis illustrated that for both summer and winter operation, the size, tilt angle and absorptivity of the roof collector greatly effected the efficiency and mass flow rates of the system, agreeing well with other literature. These results prove that this low cost solar chimney cooling design was feasible to enhance natural ventilation mainly during hot summer conditions with high solar radiation. Compared to a loft with only conventional roof insulation, the chimney did not perform effectively during the winter to heat the loft up, meaning that winter operation for this specific design is not feasible. Possible improvements to the design include using construction materials with higher thermal capacities to retain heat energy and ensure continued operation during periods of low solar radiation, as well as using selective absorber coatings on the collector surface. It is recommended that further work on the project include the integration of these improvements into the present design and to use the findings obtained from the sensitivity analysis to improve system efficiencies. CFD analysis of the test-rig will be insightful as an additional means to validate and compare with the analytical and experimental data obtained in this report. With the continuation of these studies, this low-cost solar chimney design can be optimised, validated on a commercial scale and built into existing and new housing developments. Incorporating such a passive thermal device will aid homeowners in air regulation and thermal comfort of their living space as well as saving on energy requirements.
Sponsored by the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, Stellenbosch University
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Van, Dyk Cobus. "The realisation of the solar chimney inlet guide vanes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Up to this point in time research on the South African solar chimney, proposed for a site in the Northern Cape, comprised of determining the structural integrity of the chimney structure, as well as airflow calculation, finding the optimal shape for the airflow channels. Not much work had been done on the realisation of the foundation of the global structure, i.e. how the cardinal parts are optimized in an integrated system. The inlet guide vanes (IGV's) should be central in such research efforts, being the main support of gravitational and lateral wind load on the chimney structure, as well as its important role in channelling air and creating pre-swirl of the airflow onto the turbine blades. However, little detailed research - research to actually determine and fix the many variables of the IGV's and integration with surrounding parts - had been performed! In this thesis as many of these variables as possible are investigated - ranging from structural integrity with regard to compressive and shear strength through optimizing structure eigenfrequency to economic feasibility. The outcome of this study is conceptual solutions regarding the geometry of the IGV structures in order for it to support the chimney while minimizing material volume. Finite element methods are used to create insight into the behaviour of the IGV's and force transferring structures, incorporating external factors such as lateral wind and gravitational loadsto determine the optimal shape of these structures. This study is valuable for researchers on the solar chimney, serving as a reference from where to design and secure the variables of the global structure, and eventually building the solar chimney. Keywords: Solar chimney, inlet guide vanes, solar power, massive concrete structures, structural realisation, finite element application, structure optimisation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tot op hede het die navorsing op die Suid Afrikaanse sonskoorsteen, wat beplan word vir konstruksie in die Noordkaap, bestaan uit die bepaling van die integriteit van die struktuur asook lugvloei berekeninge om die optimale vorm van die lugvloei kanale te lewer. Min werk is gedoen om die fondasies van die globale struktuur, dus hoe die kardinale dele geïntegreer is in die gesamentlike sisteem, te ondersoek. Die inlaat lei lemme behoort sentraal te lê in sulke navorsingspogings aangesien dit die hoof ondersteuner en verspreider van gravitasie en laterale windlaste op die skoorsteen struktuur is. Dit speelook 'n integrale rol in die kanalisering van invloeiende lug om dit vooraf 'n vorteks beweging te gee vir 'n optimale invalshoek op die turbine lemme. Min gedetaileerde navorsing - navorsing om die verskeie onbekende faktore rondom die inlaat lei lemme en die omliggende strukture te bepaal - is tot op hede gedoen. Hierdie tesis mik om soveel moontlik van hierdie veranderlikes - wat reik van struktuur integriteit met betrekking tot die samedrukkings- en skuifsterktes in die materiaal tot die eie-frekwensies en ekonomiese vatbaarheid van die struktuur - vas te stel. Die uitkoms van hierdie studie is konseptueie oplossings vir die geometrie van die inlaat lei lem strukture wat terselfdertyd die totale struktuur se materiaal volume minimiseer. Eindige element metodes word gebruik om insig in die gedrag van die inlaat lei lemme en ander strukture wat krag oordra, te genereer. Die metodes inkorporeer soveel as moontlik van die eksterne faktore soos gravitasie en laterale windlas om die optimale geometrie vir die betrokke struktuur te bepaal. Hierdie studie is waardevol vir navorsers oor die sonskoorsteen en dien as 'n bron waaruit verdere ontwerp en die vasstel van veranderlikes in die globale struktuur gedoen kan word met die oog op die uiteindelike daarstelling van 'n sonskoorsteen.
3
Reddy, K. Ranga. "Study And Design Of Two-Thirds Power Weir." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is devoted to the study and designs of two important proportional weirs having the discharge-head characteristics of Q α H 2/3 In the first design a geometrically simple weir in the form of a rectangular weir over a inverted V-notch (Chimney weir) is presented. This weir gives for all flows above a threshold depth a discharge proportional to H 2/3 within a maximum percentage error of ±1.5, (measured above a reference plane) within certain limits of head.
Second design is concerned with the self-basing weir in which a portion of the weir above the crest acts as a base. This design is achieved by using the complementary weir profile of a Quadratic weir above the parabolic base which has the significant property of fast convergence. This weir gives discharge for all flows above the threshold depth, proportional to (head)2/3 measured above a reference plane, with increasing accuracy as head increases.
Experiments with these two weirs confirm the theory by giving a constant average Coefficient of Discharge (Cd) of 0.62. The importance of these weirs as a sensitive discharge measuring device in field and laboratory is highlighted.
4
Aizpurua, Aldasoro Hodei [Verfasser]. "On Gust Buffeting Design of Slender Chimneys – Building Interference and Fatigue / Hodei Aizpurua Aldasoro." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071528025/34.
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Aizpurua, Aldasoro Hodei [Verfasser], and Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Peil. "On Gust Buffeting Design of Slender Chimneys - Building Interference and Fatigue / Hodei Aizpurua Aldasoro ; Betreuer: Udo Peil." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1175819867/34.
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Westerhoff, Kevin M. (Kevin Matthew) 1978. "Construction based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84827.
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Xie, Xiaoling. "Communications in construction design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7571.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Construction design has become an increasingly complex synthesis activity for which effective solutions depend upon co-operative participation by a number of people. Thus communication, including the integration of specialised knowledge and negotiation of differences between team members, is a vital process for collaborative design. A questionnaire survey was initially conducted to investigate communication issues and problems, which had been highlighted from a review of the literature, in current construction design. The results confirmed that communication among the different construction team members is often difficult although of paramount important to design outcomes. Based on these results, case studies have been carried out to gain further insights into communication issues and problems, and explore why and how they are caused. Through the application of multiple approaches, a model has been developed, which suggests strategies that may help participants communicate more effectively and ultimately improve the quality of construction design outcomes.
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Soto, Leticia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Construction design as a process for flow : applying lean principles to construction design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42995.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
Delays and cost overruns are the rule rather than the exception in the construction industry. Design changes due to lack of constructability late in the construction phase generating costly ripple effect which create delay and disruption throughout the entire organization, are the largest contributors to the stated rule. In the building construction industry, of increased competitiveness, demand from many companies continued effort to develop new methods and tools, in which the design for quality, cost, construability and reliability play an important role. The planning and management of building design has historically focused upon traditional methods of planning such as Critical Path Method (CPM). Little effort is made to understand the complexities of the design process; instead design managers focus on allocating work packages where the planned output is a set of deliverables. This current design method forces design teams to manage their work on a discipline basis, each working on achieving their deliverable as dictated by the design program with little regard of the relationship with other disciplines and organizations. In addition, because Architect and Engineering firms view design and construction as two separate independent phases of work in project it makes it difficult to verify constructability in a design and create flow in the overall process. The goal of this study is to look at how aligning interests, objectives and practices based on lean fundamentals, during the earliest stages of a project, as a method of improving construction performance.
by Leticia Soto.
S.M.
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Sebille, Michel. "Design :construction, automorphisms and colourings." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211428.
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Chew, En Phin. "Superconducting Transformer Design and Construction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4977.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis first outlines the testing undertaken on a partial core superconducting
transformer under open circuit, short circuit, full load and endurance test conditions.
During the endurance test, a failure occurred after 1 minute and 35 seconds. During the
failure, voltage dipping and rapid liquid nitrogen boil off was observed. This prompted
a failure investigation which concluded that the lack of cooling in the windings was the
most probable cause to the failure.
Full core transformer and superconductor theories are then introduced. A copper
winding transformer model, based on a Steinmetz equivalent circuit and a reverse
design method, is described. A superconductor loss model which outlines the different
types of losses experienced under AC conditions is used to determine the resistance
of the windings in the Steinmetz equivalent circuit. This resistance changes with the
magnitude of current and the strength of the magnetic field that is present in the gaps
between each layer of the windings. An alternative leakage flux model is then presented,
where the flux is modelled based on the combination of the reluctance of the core and
the air surrounding the windings. Based on these theories, an iterative algorithm to
calculate the resistance of the superconductor is developed.
A new design of a 15kVA single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating
in liquid nitrogen, is presented. The issues with building the superconducting
transformer are outlined. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer
was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions
as the superconducting transformer, which means the same core can be used for two
different sets of windings. This led to designing a core that could be easily taken apart
as well as reassembled. Construction of the core, the copper windings and the superconductor
windings ensued. The process of cutting the core laminations, insulating the
copper and superconductor tapes, and making the steel fasteners and terminations are
described.
The copper mockup and superconducting transformers was then tested under open
circuit, short circuit, different load and endurance conditions at both liquid nitrogen
and room temperatures. These test results were then compared with the those from
two models. The comparison showed a significant inaccuracy in the reactances in
the models. This introduced a correction factor into the superconductor model which
ii
made it more accurate. However, further work is required to explain and quantify the
correction factors for the copper transformer model under different load conditions.
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Leung, Chi-ming. "Design consultancy vs design and build consultancy : present trends in the construction industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14038869.
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Ferguson, A. J. L. "Dilution refrigerator : Design, construction and performance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378638.
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Batzer, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth). "Design and construction of a dynamometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011."June 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 20).
Access to a dynamometer is a useful tool for any electrical system where the motors must be selected from various suppliers and fully characterized. Motor suppliers usually provide a torque, speed, efficiency curve, but it frequently lacks complete motor characterization and includes motor controller losses in the total system loss. The dynamometer presented in this thesis is primarily designed for testing of high efficiency motors and motor controllers in the power and speed range requires for competition in the World Solar Challenge, a transcontinental race for solar electric vehicles. The testing specifications of a solar electric vehicles are uncommon among motor testing needs because it requires high torque, low power, high efficiency, and the only a small operating range. This thesis covers the design and construction of the dynamometer.
by Rachel E. Batzer.
S.B.
14
Bibby, Lee. "Improving design management techniques in construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent years has seen a significant drive away from traditional procurement routes with contractors finding themselves with an increasing responsibility for control of design - a process they have had little experience in managing. They now have to adapt accordingly. The learning curve is steep, not least because many projects must now be delivered fast track while co-ordinating increasingly complex fabric and content of buildings without a platform of accepted good practice to manage the design process. This is a major factor preventing the UK construction industry from delivering projects on time, to budget and to the specified quality. There is a need to educate an increasing number of people in design management techniques to equip them to manage today's fast moving and demanding projects. However, many current design management tools are insufficiently developed for industry application. Therefore, to improve design management in the industry, current techniques must be modified to align them with the needs of the modern design manager. This research has developed and tested a training initiative aimed at improving design management practice within a major UK Design and Construct Contractor. It comprises a Design Management Handbook, Design Management Training, Team Support and Project Monitoring. The Design Management Handbook is the core of the training initiative. It addresses critical aspects of design management practice and provides design management tools. Training provides guidance to project teams on the tools and practices. In Team Support project teams are supported in the implementation of the new practices and tools to help embed new ways of working in company practice. Project Monitoring establishes the impact of the new practices on project performance to demonstrate that they are working and thus reinforce change. To establish the training initiative's effectiveness and key findings, the impact of the initiative on design management performance has been explored. The research has established which practices and tools were used, which were not, as well as an understanding the applicability and performance of each Handbook practice and tool. From this, barriers to implementing new design management tools in industry were identified and strategies developed in order to overcome such barriers.
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Jeffries, James R. "Construction implications of photolithography equipment design /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Tisaj, David. "Design and construction of a tachometer." Thesis, Tisaj, David (2014) Design and construction of a tachometer. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25564/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this report is to provide a guided tour of how everything was achieved by choosing the right parts, implementation and building, testing, results and of course to inspire future projects and students into making student level tachometers because they all come in different shapes and sizes. A microcontroller programmed using the Arduino software on Microsoft Windows in a combination of C and C++ was used to control various circuitry and brought the device to life with the Arduino software and a few external libraries. Various alterations and upgrades could be made to this device as this thesis only explores a fraction of the endless possibility of technologies, methods, programs, and electrical components.
This thesis paper contains extensive research and will explore where tachometers came from and the current sensor technology used today such as the Hall Effect, generator, light reflected from a laser or an optical encoder that can determine position of a rotating device. The different technologies’ advantages and disadvantages will be looked into because in differing circumstances one might be better than the other. The specifications for this thesis are to measure and display the movement of a rotating machine in revolutions per minute or radians per second. The idea of the project was to make all the parts fit into a box and make it portable so getting the right battery was a cost versus function compromise.
Tachometers are essentially used for measuring speed and can be in turn, control manually or automatically some aspect of the measured machine. Tachometers can be used for scheduling maintenance after certain mileage and therefore reducing costs over a machine’s lifetime.
The basis for measurement is by using the Arduino’s interrupt function which will take quick and accurate time based measurements. The internal pull up resistor built into the Arduino’s board will ensure no false positives are recorded when a falling edge is present on the interrupt pin. Specifications from data sheets are examined in great detail to prevent damage to any of the components and part of the method is testing along the way and looking for problems and solutions.
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Ajayi, Saheed O. "Design, procurement and construction strategies for minimizing waste in construction projects." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/30123/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction industry contributes the largest portion of waste to landfill, and it consumes a significant proportion of mineral resources excavated from nature. Due to adverse environmental impacts of waste generation, as well as financial gains associated with its minimization, waste intensiveness of the industry has remained a major concern across nations. This study investigates the design, procurement and construction strategies for waste minimization, using a dynamic approach. Apart from an investigation of the key and underlying measures for construction waste mitigation, the study considers the interrelationship between stages of projects' lifecycle. This is as activities carried out at an earlier stage are capable of engendering occurrences at later stages of the dynamic project delivery processes. Following the tenets of critical realism philosophy and exploratory sequential mixed method, the study combined qualitative and quantitative approaches at intensive and extensive stages respectively. At the early stage of the study, data were collected through literature review and focus group discussions with industry experts. Results of the qualitative study were used to develop a questionnaire, which was analysed using statistical approach and structural equation modelling. As a means of investigating the key drivers of waste minimization at a holistic level, a system dynamic model was developed to simulate the interplay and effects of different strategies that were confirmed through the previous process. The study suggests that design stage has the most decisive impacts on construction waste minimization. At this stage, the key dimensions for designing out waste include design for modern methods of construction, collaborative design process, design for standardisation and waste-efficient design documentation. Error-free design and involvement of contractors at early design stage are part of the critical success factors for designing out waste. With design being much important for waste minimization, competencies of design in terms of waste behavioural competency, design task proficiency, construction-related knowledge and inter-professional collaborative competency are essential for designing out waste. Materials procurement process could enhance waste minimization by considering its key dimensions for driving waste-efficient projects, which includes waste-efficient materials purchase management, suppliers' alliance and waste-efficient bill of quantity. Efficient materials take-off and take back scheme are confirmed as critical success factors for driving waste minimization through materials procurement processes. During construction activities, waste could be reduced through prefabrication and offsite technology, contractual requirements, maximisation of materials reuse and improved collaboration, among others. Prefabrication, supply chain alliance and collaborative procurement routes are confirmed as the critical success factors for reducing waste during construction process. Dynamic interplay among these sets of strategies suggests that notwithstanding the significance of the different measures during design, procurement and construction processes, prefabrication technology and collaborative procurement route are the holistic drivers of construction waste minimisation. The study implies that designers could effectively drive waste minimization through dimensional coordination and standardisation of design in line with standard materials supplies. In addition to the need for prefabrication and offsite technologies, increasing collaboration among project team is requisite to reducing waste generated by construction activities. By implementing the strategies suggested in the study, substantial proportion of construction waste would be diverted from landfill.
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Petras, James P. "Prefabrication and the Construction Industry: An Examination of Design, Construction, and Efficiency." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277120331.
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Roth, Fabian. "Explicit design, and adaptation in self-construction /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17005.
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Rehnberg, Adam. "Suspension design for off-road construction machines." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33883.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Construction machines, also referred to as engineering vehicles or earth movers, are used in a variety of tasks related to infrastructure development and material handling. While modern construction machines represent a high level of sophistication in several areas, their suspension systems are generally rudimentary or even nonexistent. This leads to unacceptably high vibration levels for the operator, particularly when considering front loaders and dump trucks, which regularly traverse longer distances at reasonably high velocities. To meet future demands on operator comfort and high speed capacity, more refined wheel suspensions will have to be developed. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate which factors need to be considered in the fundamental design of suspension systems for wheeled construction machines. The ride dynamics of wheeled construction machines are affected by a number of particular properties specific to this type of vehicle. The pitch inertia is typically high in relation to the mass and wheelbase, which leads to pronounced pitching. The axle loads differ considerably between the loaded and the unloaded condition, necessitating ride height control, and hence the suspension properties may be altered as the vehicle is loaded. Furthermore, the low vertical stiffness of off-road tyres means that changes in the tyre properties will have a large impact on the dynamics of the suspended mass. The impact of these factors has been investigated using analytical models and parameters for a typical wheel loader. Multibody dynamic simulations have also been used to study the effects of suspended axles on the vehicle ride vibrations in more detail. The simulation model has also been compared to measurements performed on a prototype wheel loader with suspended axles. For reasons of manoeuvrability and robustness, many construction machines use articulated frame steering. The dynamic behaviour of articulated vehicles has therefore been examined here, focusing on lateral instabilities in the form of “snaking” and “folding”. A multibody dynamics model has been used to investigate how suspended axles influence the snaking stability of an articulated wheel loader. A remote-controlled, articulated test vehicle in model-scale has also been developed to enable safe and inexpensive practical experiments. The test vehicle is used to study the influence of several vehicle parameters on snaking stability, including suspension, drive configuration and mass distribution. Comparisons are also made with predictions using a simplified linear model. Off-road tyres represent a further complication of construction machine dynamics, since the tyres’ behaviour is typically highly nonlinear and difficult to evaluate in testing due to the size of the tyres. A rolling test rig for large tyres has here been evaluated, showing that the test rig is capable of producing useful data for validating tyre simulation models of varying complexity. The theoretical and experimental studies presented in this thesis contribute to the deeper understanding of a number of aspects of the dynamic behaviour of construction machines. This work therefore provides a basis for the continued development of wheel suspensions for such vehicles.QC 20110531
21
Law, Gordon Ki-Wai. "Decision support system for construction cycle design." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26715.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual design of a computerized environment for detailed design of construction activities associated with projects characterized by significant repetition.
High-rise building construction is used as the example of repetitive construction projects. The construction cycle design of a typical floor structure is studied to gain an understanding of the difficulty and complexity involved in the activity design process. Modeling techniques currently used in construction planning, modeling techniques developed in the field of operations research, and assembly line balancing techniques used in industrial engineering are reviewed to determine their applicability for detailed construction cycle design.
Using the concept of decision support systems developed in the fields of management science and knowledge engineering for solving ill-structured and ill-defined problems, a conceptual design of a decision support system for construction cycle design is developed.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Morris, Jonathan. "Improving construction design : the lean thinking paradigm." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A study has been conducted into improving construction design through the application of the lean thinking paradigm. Its objective was to identify the issues relating to design efficiency and how a lean thinking approach might address these issues. The investigation consisted of examining work already undertaken in the field by other researchers"to identify the state of the art. The change order request system was examined to gain first insights into waste in construction design, and to gauge the size of the opportunity for the application of lean thinking. An Electronic Data Gathering Tool (EDGT) was then developed to allow further exploration of the design decision making process at the system / sub-system level. The EDGT was used on three live construction projects. From the data recorded a design planning tool, Design Decision Planner (DDP), was created to help improve control of the design process and lead to a more standardised approach to construction design. Standardising the approach to product development is an important component of lean thinking. The main recommendations for making construction design lean are: Use DDP to plan and improve control of the design decision making process, assign design responsibility and to make the process more transparent. 2. Measuring progress against planned design is a useful process metric. 3. Improve the designer's cost and programme visibility when choosing between design options. 4. Redefine the role of the quantity surveyor from cost controller to value for money assessor. The role needs to be better integrated into the design process to reach its full potential. 5. Need to develop more rigorous methods of assessing the buildability of design options. This problem could be eased in the short-term by incorporating construction professionals into the early design phases. 6. Designers need to use more process reason drivers when choosing between design options, not just functional criteria. 7. The change order request system could be redesigned to identify the root causes of contract issue design changes and, hence, improve the design decision making process.
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Brouqueyre, Laurent. "Hydro-acoustic therapy : design, construction and testing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18215.
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Bogdanov, Anton. "Design and construction of widebeam riometer system." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588505.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ionospheric absorption is a controlling factor in accurate prediction of medium to high frequency signal levels that are passing through ionosphere. Particularly at high latitudes ionospheric storms are the main problem, causing unreliable communication. Sometimes these storms can lead HF radio signals to "polar blackouts" (reducing the signal in-time by 20 % or more) or they can even be completely absorbed by ionosphere. [Ware and Owren, 1958] This project report presents the design, construction and testing of a device that is used to measure ionospheric cosmic noise absorption, which is called riometer. During the project development different methods of filter design (all-pole and coupled capacitor resonator filters), impedance matching (L, pi and capacitor tapped matching) and signal attenuation calculation (impedance mismatch, pi attenuator and potential divider) are showed and described. The need for new riometer design had arisen, because some discrete components used in previous riometer designs are obsolete [LIS Riometers] and therefore the new riometers cannot be made based on the old designs, so the new design had to be invented. This new riometer design also includes the new feature of controlling the switching between antenna and calibration using the computer control inputs and mechanical override switch, thus providing higher system flexibility.
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Yung, Keung-Shing, and 翁強盛. "Piling design and construction in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4257609X.
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Robinson, Adrian C. "ISBU modular construction and building design prototypes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the use of industrialised construction increasing, Buro Happold (BH) commissioned this research as part of on-going initiatives to address the lack of efficiency in design and construction. The research considers two major case studies where modularisation has been used to minimise complexity and increase standardisation. Referred to in this thesis as construction product prototypes and building design prototypes , the two studies examine firstly the product development of an Intermodal Steel Building Unit (ISBU) used in multi-storey construction and secondly a modular station pre-design used and repeated on four station buildings. The ISBU is based on a standard ISO dry-freight container and its use in modular construction maximises the use of factory based off-site methods (OSM); this should improve consistency of product outcome with minimised impact on site. Very little academic work has been published on ISBU modular construction. The research therefore looks in detail at the process of ISBU modular product development and its engineering performance. It also compares production and procurement of the units on supplier-driven accommodation buildings in comparison to similar but non-modular client-led projects. Using multiple stages of project team interviews and project document analysis, the research data is coded, measured and analysed to describe the processes of product and design prototyping. The research demonstrates that the ISBU product was developed and refined through several major building projects and has reasonable engineering performance characteristics but may be more suited to temporary buildings. The principle of modular pre-designs as found in stations has benefits for rationalising the design process and simplifying and internalising complexities of construction. The research considers solutions for problems that are ill defined and a design process that is difficult to assimilate. This part of the research uses models for framing and problem/solution co-evolution to solve problems of ill definition and linear/non-linear design processes by building on Gero s (1990) design prototyping theory model. Modularisation of the station designs was successful in reducing design effort and allowed a repeatable pre-design to be refined, but the design team struggled with the bespoke nature of the project designs. The comparison of case study data to models for manufacturing, procurement and design prototype development has led to a better understanding as to how these designs were achieved and how these same approaches could be applied in future.
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Dias, Jay D. "Design, Construction, and Optimization of Microprobe Beamlines." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10812789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new external microprobe beamline for irradiation experiments has been commissioned and constructed at the Louisiana Accelerator Center. This microprobe was designed to use the Oxford Triplet lens con?guration with no scanning system. The beamline was designed to allow for the post focus expansion of the ion beam to create an even ?led of current distribution at a sample. The samples are irradiated in air in a glove box so that a Biosaftey-Level 2 (BSL-2) environment is created, reducing risk of contamination for biological sample irradiation. The nature of a microprobe allows the ?ux, and therefore the dose, to be su?ciently low for space radiation studies. The beamline was designed using WinTRAX [18] and constriction has been completed. This thesis is an overview of what a microprobe is, how the new microprobe was designed, and how the beamline was constricted.
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Wu, Berlin. "Geotechnical design and construction automation in Taiwan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41353.
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Jackowski, Zachary John. "Design and construction of an autonomous ornithopter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Page no. "2" in pagination repeated twice. Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-57 [i.e. 57-58]).
In recent years the subject of flying vehicles propelled by flapping wings, also known as ornithopters, has been an area of interest because of its application to micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). These miniature vehicles seek to mimic small birds and insects to achieve never before seen agility in flight. This renewed interest has raised a host of new problems in vehicle dynamics and control to explore. In order to better study the control of flapping wing flight we have developed a large scale ornithopter called the Phoenix. It is capable of carrying a heavy (400 gram) computer and sensor package and is designed specially for the application of controls research. The design takes special care to optimize payload capacity, crash survivability, and field repair abilities. This thesis covers the design process of both the mechanical and electrical systems of the ornithopter and initial control experiments. We also show that it is possible to stabilize the machine in pitch with a simple PD controller through experimental testing..
by Zachary John Jackowski.
S.B.
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Fang, Rosemarie. "The design and construction of fabric structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47).
In its short history, fabric structures have fascinated architects and engineers alike. Architects appreciate their unusual shapes and forms while engineers delight in their "pure" structural expression. Capable of spanning large distances while incurring very little weight on supporting structure, developments in the design of fabric structure can dramatically change the ways in which permanent building construction is conceptualized. This thesis reviews the most current methods for design and construction of fabric structures and focuses on how they can be improved for common application as permanent structures. In doing so, it begins with a brief history and explanation of the various types of fabric structure that have previously been built. Subsequent chapters address different limiting factors, including the development of fabric materials, computational analysis methods, and innovative construction techniques. Finally, a case study of the new Landside Airport Terminal project in Denver, Colorado is presented to illustrate a direct application of design and construction methods. Though fabric structures have come a long way since the first modern cable-net was built fifty years ago, there are still several challenges to be overcome before fabric can be considered a viable option for the majority of new building projects.
by Rosemarie Fang.
M.Eng.
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Hopper, Amanda Jane. "Landfill design, construction and non-invasive monitoring." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1989.
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Three techniques are investigated in order to assess their applicability for use in landfill design, construction and monitoring. Firstly, an assessment is made of QA procedures during liner construction through the detailed evaluation of two case studies. Construction QA procedures on-site are compared to available guidelines. The research illustrates the requirement for standardised, regulated QA procedures on landfill sites in order to provide a recognised framework for construction control. The Moisture Condition Value Test (MCV) is evaluated for use as a method of monitoring the placement of compacted clay landfill liners. London Clay and Mercia Mudstone, collected from the QA case study sites, are tested in terms of their suitability as engineered clay liners. Although, London Clay is the most acceptable it is this material which exhibits the poorest results in the MCV testing. This is due to seepage from the apparatus at high moisture contents. The research highlights the problems with the interpretation of the protocol for the testing and the differences between the Scottish and English Road Research Laboratory guidelines (Green & Hawkins, 1987). Thirdly, two airborne remote sensing techniques (ATM and CASI) are appraised as methods of monitoring landfill gas, or possibly leachate migration, from two case study landfill sites in South West England. Vegetation stress can be linked to landfill gas migration (Flower et al., 1981) and this stress can be detected as a deviation from normal spectral reflectances in vegetation (Honer et a!., 1983a). Anomalies are identified on-site through remote sensing but they cannot be directly attributed to the landfills. This research emphasises the effects of contamination from other sources. It also requires the use of a simultaneous ground survey to collate data from boreholes with measurements of soil and vegetation types. Essentially, the QA case studies and the remote sensing show potential for future use and suggestions are made in this thesis for further research. The MCV technique provides a method for assessing the controlling parameters of compaction. With further development of aspects outlined in this investigation there is the potential for specified use of these techniques In landfill engineering and monitoring.
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Bostanci, Sevket Can. "Low carbon sustainable concrete design and construction." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/34545/.
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Hansson, Johan, and Christian Bothén. "Design and construction of electronic control unit." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this project was to create a new, future-proofed, electroniccontrol unit for a test station at GE Healthcare in Uppsala. The control unit was tobe created in cooperation with the technical consultant firm Rejlers. The project consisted of two parts, one investigation part and one design part. The investigation part consisted of examining the previous control unit and its connection between the quality control station and the host computer. This examination resulted in a specification of requirements which was used as a basis in the design of the new control unit. The design part consisted of finding durable and reliable components that met the specification of requirements. During the design process the work was documented and compiled in a technical documentation for the control unit. The project resulted in a new control unit that was improved by using a programmable logic controller that was directly compatible with LabVIEW, moving external power supplies inside the control unit to limit the number of cables and adding cartridge fuses for safety. It also resulted in a full technical documentationof the unit, facilitating future maintenance. The new control unit was considered to be future-proofed, but in order to consider the entire test station future-proofed the quality control station would have needed to be replaced as well. At the time this report was written, the new electronic control unit had been designed and was under construction.
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Ahlbäck, Moa. "Integrerade arbetsmetoder med Virtual Design and Construction." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) introducerades tidigt på 2000-talet för att främja ett arbete med datorbaserade modeller samt involvering av produktionsplanering i designfasen. VDC är ett koncept som idag har anammats inom många bygg- och konsultföretag för att utveckla arbetet med Building Information Model (BIM), innovationer och samverkan inom byggprojekt. Konceptet VDC förändras ständigt och omdefinieras av enskilda individer och företag. Det här resulterar i att det råder en begreppsförvirring hur VDC ska definieras och hur arbete med VDC ska genomföras. Vidare tenderar många byggprojekt att vara fragmenterade med projektmedlemmar som främst fokuserar på sitt eget teknikområde. För att minska fragmentering mellan projektmedlemmar kan integrerade arbetsmetoder tillämpas. Syftet med examensarbetet är därför dels att undersöka innebörden av VDC som koncept och även hur VDC kan stimulera integrerade arbetsmetoder. Ämnet utforskas kvalitativt med vetenskaplig litteratur och intervjustudie. Den vetenskapliga litteraturen definierar konceptuellt VDC och två integrerade arbetsmetoder Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) och Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). Varvid intervjustudien inkluderar respondenter från byggsektorn vars reflektioner om det studerade ämnet presenteras. Studien är geografiskt avgränsad till Sverige. I resultatet påvisas den rådande tvetydigheten huruvida VDC definieras. För att undvika begreppsförvirring kan det vara behövligt med en gemensam definition av VDC i byggbranschen och även nationella riktlinjer vilka beskriver hur arbete med VDC ska utföras. Vidare kan VDC stimulera ett integrerat arbetssätt genom en ökad samhörighet inom byggprojekt med bland annat gemensamma formuleringar av projektmål och gemensam problemlösning mellan projektmedlemmar.Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) was introduced early in the 21st century in order to encourage work with computer based models and construction planning in the design phase. VDC is a concept that has been embraced by several construction and consulting companies in order to develop their work with Building Information Model (BIM), innovations and cooperation within construction projects. VDC is a concept that keeps evolving and is being redefined by individuals and companies. This has contributed to a conceptual confusion within the construction sector about the definition of VDC. Furthermore, construction projects tend to be fragmented with project members that are working in silos and primarily focusing on their own discipline. In order to decrease the fragmentation within construction projects integrated working methods can be applied. Therefor the purpose of this master thesis is to explore the concept VDC and how it can stimulate integrated working methods. The study is examined using qualitative methods based on scientific literature and an interview study. The scientific literature is defining VDC conceptually and two integrated working methods Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). Furthermore, the interview study includes respondents from the construction industry whose reflections and thoughts about the subject are being presented. The study is geographically limited to Sweden. The result shows the current ambiguity of how VDC is defined. In order to avoid a conceptual confusion a common definition should be formulated with national guidelines that describe how work with VDC should be conducted. Furthermore, VDC can stimulate an integrated approach through increased cohesion within construction projects, including common objectives within the project and joint problem solving between project members.
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Jones, Andrew M. "Design and construction for traditional house building." Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14272/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is concerned with quality and productivity aspects of traditional house building. The research focuses on these issues by concentrating on the services and finishing stages of the building process. These are work stages which have not been fully investigated in previous productivity related studies. The primary objective of the research is to promote an integrated design and construction led approach to traditional house building based on an original concept of 'development cycles'. This process involves the following: site monitoring; the analysis of work operations; implementing design and construction changes founded on unique information collected during site monitoring; and subsequent re-monitoring to measure and assess Ihe effect of change. A volume house building firm has been involved in this applied research and has allowed access to its sites for production monitoring purposes. The firm also assisted in design detailing for a small group of 'experimental' production houses where various design and construction changes were implemented. Results from the collaborative research have shown certain quality and productivity improvements to be possible using this approach, albeit on a limited scale at this early experimental stage. The improvements have been possible because an improved activity sampling technique, developed for, and employed by the study, has been able to describe why many quality and productivity related problems occur during site building work. Experience derived from the research has shown the following attributes to be important: positive attitudes towards innovation; effective communication; careful planning and organisation; and good coordination and control at site level. These are all essential aspects of quality led management and determine to a large extent the overall success of this approach. Future work recommendations must include a more widespread use of innovative practices so that further design and construction modifications can be made. By doing this, productivity can be improved, cost savings made and better quality afforded.
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Lenski, Philipp. "Design, Construction and Operation of a Pentacopter." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64370.
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Yung, Keung-Shing. "Piling design and construction in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4257609X.
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Ghalandar, Zehi Jalalabad Toomaj. "Design Quality in Architecture and Construction Research." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of design quality in construction projects has long been a major concern for designprofessionals (Gann et al. 2003). The emphasis on improvement of processes in constructionin order to manage or reduce “cost, time and waste” in projects, at times has led to concernsthat the design of a building could become a matter of less importance due to such processimproving measures (Gann et al. 2003, p.319) “Design Quality” in architecture andconstruction is an ambiguous and “dynamic concept” in relation to its context, continuouslygoing through changes (Rönn 2010, p.48; Slaughter 2004).Quality itself is related to value and multiple definitions of it (Rönn 2010). It is often possiblefor both people and professionals to feel and experience design quality in buildings ratherintuitively, but to frame it in a recognizable manner has always proved challenging (Rönn2010). Essentially, human behavior apart from being influenced by the physical environmentis also influenced by the social context existing within the physical environment (Vischer2008).These challenges further extend to judgement, assessment and measurement of design quality,and setting out the relevant criteria for them (Rönn 2010, Slaughter 2004). Therefore, it’sdifficult for building designers, to structure design solutions that could guarantee theachievement of such ambiguous concept (Rönn 2010).Frågan om designkvalitet i byggprojekt har länge varit ett stort bekymmer för designers (Gannet al. 2003). Betoningen på förbättring av processer inom konstruktion för att hantera ellerminska ”kostnad, tid och slöseri” i projekt har ibland lett till en oro för att utformning ochdesign av en byggnad kan bli av mindre betydelse på grund av sådana processförbättrandeåtgärder (Gann et al. 2003, p.319) ”Designkvalité” i arkitektur och konstruktion är ett tvetydigtoch ”dynamiskt koncept” i förhållande till sitt sammanhang, som ständigt genomgårförändringar (Rönn 2010, s.48; Slaughter 2004).Kvalité i sig är relaterad till värde och flera definitioner av det (Rönn 2010). Det är ofta möjligtför både människor och yrkesverksamma att känna och uppleva designkvalité i byggnaderganska intuitivt, men att rama in den på ett igenkännbart sätt har visat sig utmanande (Rönn2010). I huvudsak påverkas det mänskliga beteendet utöver den fysiska miljön även av densociala kontexten som finns inom den fysiska miljön (Vischer 2008).Dessa utmaningar sträcker sig vidare till bedömning, värdering och mätning av designkvalitéeroch fastställande av relevanta kriterier för dem (Rönn 2010, Slaughter 2004). Därför är detsvårt för byggnadsdesigners att konstruera designlösningar som garanterat kan uppnå ett sådanttvetydigt koncept (Rönn 2010).
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Bacher, Denise. "Design patterns in level design common practices in simulated environment construction /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Fox, Stephen John. "Application of design for manufacture principles to building design and construction." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19207/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to answer the two research questions: how can design for manufacture be applied during building component design and building design?; and how can the application of design for manufacture be successful in improving the productivity and quality of building component production and building construction? These two questions emerged during exploratory research focused on the use of design to improve construction industry productivity and quality. Subsequent review of manufacturing literature revealed that the two key principles of design for manufacture are standard production design improvement rules and standard production design evaluation metrics. Review of construction literature, and a survey involving over one hundred and fifty industry practitioners, revealed that, whilst rules and metrics for building components and buildings do not currently exist, there are no fundamental reasons why they could not be developed and applied successfully. These findings led to the generation of the research hypothesis: design for manufacture principles can be applied successfully to building components and buildings. The research hypothesis was tested by two interventions, action research within a private business which manufactures and installs building components, and a case study with a multi-national company which designs and constructs buildings. These interventions resulted in significant business benefits. Further, they confirmed that it is both technically feasible and economically viable to apply rules and metrics to building component design and building design, and that doing so can improve the productivity and quality of building component production and building construction. Following analysis of research findings, strategic plans were developed for the successful application of rules and metrics. These were validated through interviews with senior construction industry practitioners. Contributions to knowledge include the strategic plans for successful application of rules and metrics. These cover the full range of organisations working in the construction industry and, together with the detailed descriptions of the interventions, offer practical guidance for industry practitioners seeking to improve productivity and quality. The research also makes a contribution in the area of research methodology. It has shown that threats to research validity in the construction industry can be counteracted by applying a quasi-experimental perspective to action research interventions and case studies.
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Baldev, Darshan H. "Design of a Construction Safety Training System using Contextual Design Methodology." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the U.S., the majority of construction companies are small companies with 10 or fewer employees (BLS, 2004). The fatality rate in the construction industry is high, indicating a need for implementing safety training to a greater extent. This research addresses two main goals: to make recommendations and design a safety training system for small construction companies, and to use Contextual Design to design the training system. Contextual Design was developed by Holtzblatt (Beyer and Holtzblatt, 1998) in an effort to address the challenge of designing new systems. Ethnographic in nature, the Contextual Design methodology requires field data collection, requirements analysis, model building, visioning and story boarding, and prototyping. A sample of 12 participants consisting of 7 tradespersons, 3 forepersons, and 2 owners/ managers, was selected for data collection. The data was analyzed based on the Contextual Design approach and a training system prototype was designed. The results of this study are recommendations for safety in small construction companies, a low fidelity paper prototype of the training system, and recommendations on future use of Contextual Design for developing training systems.Master of Science
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Beg, Zeshawn Afsari. "Complexity, Contract Design and Incentive Design in the Construction Management Industry." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16881896.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper I examine how one construction management company uses contract design and incentive design to respond to aspects of task complexity and relationship complexity present in its construction projects. In terms of contract design, I find that the company is unable to increase its use of cost-plus pricing when faced with technically complex projects. Instead, the company uses increased pre-execution design modification and price markups when technically complex projects are contracted with fixed-pricing. Further, I find that design modification is only margin-improving when used in projects that are both technically complex and fixed-price and that price markups are only margin-improving when projects are fixed-price. In terms of incentive design, I find that the company provides more qualitative feedback to employees and quantitatively rates employees with less centrality bias (i.e. more dispersed ratings) when employees work on fixed-price projects. Further, when employees work on fixed-price projects, they are granted greater average financial rewards, their financial rewards are relatively more based on input-behaviors (i.e. less based on output-results), and their bonuses, raises and promotions appear to be awarded with more managerial discretion (i.e. are less systematic.)
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Kristjánsdóttir, Rut. "Design of Heavy DutyPavements." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsmaterial, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research is focused on design of Heavy Duty Pavement which is when a pavement loading exceeds highway levels. The environment where these conditions occur are for example at ports, industrial areas and airport because of the use of heavy vehicles as handling of containers by Straddle Carriers, Front Lift Trucks or Reach Stackers, airplanes and more. The main emphasis here will be on heavy duty pavements for ports. Different design methods are discussed and compared for the pavement design of ports. In this research two different design methods are thoroughly analyzed, the British Ports Associations Heavy Duty Pavements Manual which is a chart based procedure and the HIPAVE program which is an Australian Heavy Duty Pavement Design Guide. Both those methods are widely used around the world. Furthermore, an analysis is performed to research the plastic properties of the pavement. In most design methods, the material properties of the granular materials are assumed as elastic when they are not, they are elasto-plastic. A Finite Element Analysis is performed to determine if this assumption has significant effect on the design of pavements by comparing models of a design pavement section with elastic granular materials and elasto-plastic granular materials. The main conclusions from the comparison study of different pavement design methods are when using the HIPAVE program the total thickness of the design pavement section is smaller than using the British Ports Manual. Smaller thickness result in less materials needed for and therefor lower cost for the pavement section. Regarding the plasticity analysis, it is concluded that the assumption to model the behavior of unbound granular materials as elastic in pavement design is correct. The Finite Element Analysis determined that plasticity does have effect on the behavior of the materials with respect to elastic behavior, but there is not a considerable difference in pavement displacement between the two analysis.
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梁志明 and Chi-ming Leung. "Design consultancy vs design and build consultancy: present trends in the construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266678.
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Carlsson, Linnea. "Visual Planning in construction : a study of its use in construction projects." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate of what use the method Visual Planning can be in the construction industry in general and in the design phase of construction projects in particular. The investigation and empirical part of the thesis has been based on semi-structured interviews with process developers, design managers and designers from Swedish companies where Visual Planning is used. The interviews have been the base for a comparative case study with the aim of providing an overview of how the method is currently used, interpreted, experienced and perceived in the Swedish construction industry and by its professionals. The master thesis has been made in collaboration with the Swedish consultancy firm Tyréns AB in Stockholm. The results of the interviews differ on an individual level. The majority of the respondents are however positive and believe in the future of the methods. All respondents stress the lacking documentation, however, as the major difficulty. Several respondents have stressed the difficulties of working in a scattered team due to the analogue format as a shortcoming of the method as well. The biggest benefits stated are the easy accessible overview provided and the clarification of commitments, due to the active participation of the design participants, the analogue format, and the way of mapping of the information process. It has been found that Visual Planning can be of use as a support in the process of construction project management, since it may facilitate the understanding of how to reach objectives and provide an easy accessible overview of the progress and status of a project. It should however be viewed as a complement to the process of construction project management, and not as a replacement. In conclusion it may facilitate earlier problem solving, since commitment is raised, which in the end facilitates the project to stay within budget as well as to meet the deadline.Sammanfattning Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utreda vilken nytta metoden Visuell Planering kan vara av i byggbranschen i allmänhet och projekteringsfasen av byggprojekt i synnerhet. Undersökningen har baserats på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med processutvecklare, projekteringsledare och projektörer från företag inom den svenska byggsektorn där Visuell Planering används. Intervjuerna har utgjort grunden för en jämförande fallstudie med avseendet att skapa en överblick och insyn i hur metoden i dagsläget används, tolkas och upplevs i den svenska byggbranschen och av yrkesverksamma i branschen. Examensarbetet har genomförts i samarbete med konsultföretaget Tyréns AB i Stockholm. Intervjuresultaten varierar på individnivå. Majoriteten av intervjupersonerna är dock positiva och tror på metodens framtid. Alla tillfrågade beskriver den låga mängden dokumentation som det största problemet hos metoden. Flera yrkesverksamma beskriver även metodens tillkortakommanden då arbete bedrivs i spridda team. En följd av metodens analoga format. Den genererade lättöverskådliga helhetsbilden och förtydliganden av åtagande och engagemang, som följd av projektmedlemmarnas aktiva deltagande, det analoga formatet och sättet som informationsprocessen kartläggs beskrivs som det största vinsterna. Det har framkommit att Visuell Planering kan vara av användning och fungera som ett stöd i byggprojektledning, då metoden underlättar förståelse för hur mål ska uppnås och skapar en lättuppfattad bild av ett projekts status och framåtskridande. Metoden bör dock ses som ett komplement i processen av byggprojektledning och projekteringsledning, snarare än en ersättning. Visuell Planering kan slutligen främja problemlösningen i tidigare skeden, då känslan av förpliktelse, åtagande och engagemang höjs, vilket i sin tur skapar bättre möjligheter för projektet att hålla sig inom budget så väl som att möta deadline.
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Au, Siu-man Michael. "Construction IT Centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25945932.
Повний текст джерела
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Khandekar, Sameer Sudhakar. "Design and construction of a magnetic force microscope." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A magnetic force microscope (MFM) is a special type of scanning force microscope which measures the stray field above a ferromagnetic sample with the help of a ferromagnetic cantilever. The aim of this project was to design and build a MFM head and interface it with a commercial scanning probe electronics controller with the help of an appropriate force sensor. The MFM head and the force sensor were to be designed to work at low temperatures (down to 4 K) and in high vacuum. During this work, a magnetic force microscope (MFM) head was designed. Its design is symmetrical and modular. Two dimensional views were prepared to ensure proper geometry and alignment for the various modules. Based on these views, individual parts in the various modules were manufactured and combined for the final assembly of the head. This MFM head has many essential and advanced features which were incorporated during the design process. Our MFM head has an outside diameter of 5 cm and thus has a low thermal mass. The head operates inside a 100 cm long vacuum can which is kept in a cold bath inside a superinsulated dewar. Other features of this MFM head include thermal compensation of the important parts, flexibility to use commercial MFM cantilevers and a large scan range compared to the previous designs. Some of the anticipated system specifications are: 1) room temperature scanning range of 175?? 175 ??m, 2) low temperature scanning range between 35-50 ??m, 3) smallest detectable magnetic force in the range of one pN and 4) smallest detectable magnetic force gradient in the range of 10-3 to 10 -5 N/m. This MFM head was interfaced to a commercial scanning probe electronics apparatus by designing a fiber-optic interferometer as the sensor for the detection of the cantilever deflection. The fiber-optic sensor also has features of its own such as stability, compactness and low susceptibility to noise because of all-fiber construction. With this MFM head, we hope to image many magnetic samples which were previously impossible to image at Texas A&M.
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Ericsson, Jenny. "Design and construction of modular event detector system." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes the function and construction of a modular event detector system. Event detectors are used for solder joint reliability testing using electronic monitoring for short duration resistance changes during accelerated ageing and temperature cycling. Collected data is mainly used to study solder joints long-term properties. The system has three different monitoring functions: transient resistance detection, statistics process monitoring and periodic monitoring. In its present performance a total number of 384 channels can be monitored continuously. However the system can be expanded in steps of 96 channels, limited only by the capacity of the computers PCI-bus. The system is built around a PC equipped with the LabVIEW 6.1 programming environment and data acquisition cards from National Instruments. The circuit boards to be monitored are connected via adapter electronics. In the case of the superior electronic-kits project, four groups of 24 circuit boards are connected to the adapter electronics. To minimise the influence of environmental noise shielded and, where possible, twined cables are used.
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Wichert, Torsten. "Design and Construction Modifications of Switched Reluctance Machines." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1235569858100-62518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the design principles of the Switched Reluctance Machines (SRMs) are available in different fragments in numerous bibliography positions, there no exists the complex design procedure of whole drive system taking into account the SR Machine, control system and supply device as well. The hybrid design method for SRM drives with application of new analytical calculation methods, finite element method and simulation models is proposed in this thesis. The calculation/design system is characterised by important effectivity and reliability. The new possibilities in analytical determination of saturation effects and core losses under various modes of control, including sensorless method, are also taken into account. The correctness of the proposed design algorithms are verified by laboratory tests made on three motor prototypes manufactured in industry for concrete application. This dissertation provides the elements indispensable for more accurate and complex analysis and design of drives with switch reluctance motors. The elements of electrical motor and control system design as well as the considerations on the choice of supply device and controller subsystems are jointed in the thesis for final receiving of the design tool for considered industrial drive system.
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Sarkamo, J. (Juho). "Design, construction and commissioning of the EMMA experiment." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205694.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract
The work describes the design, construction and commissioning of the underground cosmic-ray experiment Experiment with MultiMuon Array (EMMA). The experiment is built into the Pyhäsalmi mine, in the town of Pyhäjärvi, Finland. The aim of EMMA is to determine the elemental composition of cosmic rays at an energy region around 4 PeV, the energy region called the ’knee’ region. This is achieved by measuring the lateral density distribution of high-energy muons originating from Extensive Air Showers (EAS).
The design calculations for the EMMA experiment, which are based on the use of the parametrization of the lateral density distribution of muons, the method of shower reconstruction, and the energy and composition indicators, are presented. A strategy for reconstructing the composition of the cosmic rays is presented and it demonstrates the potential of applying unfolding techniques to the EMMA data. The effect of an array extension on the performance of EMMA is studied.
The hardware used in the EMMA experiment is presented starting with an overview of the array and its detector stations. The EMMA array employs three different particle detectors, for which the main technical properties are given, and their use in the EMMA array is presented. A description of the infrastructure of the experiment is given and the rock overburden at the EMMA site at the depth of 80 metres is documented.
The work contains the latest analysis of EAS data recorded by the tracking detectors of the experiment, which demonstrates that the experiment is taking data as planned and that the data are according to EAS physics expectations. Methods for event selection and tracking efficiency correction are presented, after which the analysis results of measured track multiplicity spectra are given. The shape of the recorded multiplicity spectrum indicates that the simplest model of a knee-like spectrum with a pure proton composition can not explain the data and that further analysis of the spectrum is required.