Дисертації з теми "Chimie du sang"
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Cohen, Virna. "Projet de manuel qualité de l'unité physico-chimie de la direction des laboratoires et des contrôles." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P044.
Повний текст джерелаCedrati, Naïma. "Microparticules d'hémoglobine : préparation et étude physico-chimique." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10441.
Повний текст джерелаEch-Cherif, El-Kettani Samya Moussamih. "Cyclosporine A et régulation de la glycémie : approche chronopharmacologique." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30214.
Повний текст джерелаRuch, Claude. "Analyse d'elements traces par fluorescence x : nouveaux developpements." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13107.
Повний текст джерелаLemaire, Jérémy. "Mercury contamination in caimans from French Guiana, bioaccumulation and physiological effects." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03716076.
Повний текст джерелаMercury (Hg) is a global environmental contaminant that affects ecosystems. It has the particularity to biomagnify through the food web, and to bioaccumulate especially in tissues of top predators. Mercury has been identified to have detrimental effects on human and wildlife. Top predators from tropical ecosystems are particularly affected by Hg contamination due to artisanal small scale gold mining, which uses massive amounts of Hg in the gold extraction process. Crocodilians are top predators of tropical ecosystems and have been identified to accumulate high concentrations of Hg in their tissues. They are potentially good candidates to monitor Hg contamination, as they are long-living animals with low metabolic, and high tissue conversion rates, which favours the bioaccumulation of Hg. Additionally, they have a large repartition over tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems, which make large-scale Hg evaluation possible. My doctoral work focuses on the four caiman species that are present in French Guiana (the Black caiman Melanosuchus niger, the Dwarf caiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus, the Smooth-fronted caiman Paleosuchus trigonatus and the Spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus). First, I have worked on Hg variation across different tissues obtained by minimally invasive methods, and investigated the influence of morphology and feeding ecology (by using stable isotope method) on Hg contamination in caimans. Second, I have investigated the impact of Hg contamination on physiological mechanisms, and the maternal transfer and its effects on neonates
Neu, Christophe. "Préparations cosmétiques et mise au point d'une coloration semi-permanente, sans oxydation, sans ammoniaque, destinée à la population masculine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30075.
Повний текст джерелаIn the domain of cosmetics, hair dyeing is one of the booming sectors. Formulation control is essential to companies for entering successfully on this market. The study is organised in two parts: Formulation and preparation of cosmetics for treatment and care of hair and skin. Formulation of semi permanent gel based hair dyeing, without using any oxidising agent or ammonia. The author studies different types of supports existing on the market, and sketch out the way to obtain his hair dye support. The study analyses the most concerned parameters witch influence the dye uptake on the hair shaft, and suggests ways to improve it. Fifteen different shades formulas are described, using mixtures of diverse nitrated and cationic hair dyes. The originality of this support is to allow dissolving and uptake of the dyes, without using a solvent
Halvorsen, Karin. "Chimie macrocyclique. Nouvelle stratégie sans haute dilution : macrolactonisation et macrolactamisation en milieu organisé." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30024.
Повний текст джерелаLeysi-Derilou, Younes. "Monitoring and mathematical modeling of in vitro human megakaryocyte expansion and maturation dynamics." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27968/27968.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMegakaryopoiesis is a complex process, which is initiated with the proliferation and the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into megakaryocytes (MK), followed by the maturation of MK and ended by platelet release. To describe the fates of HSC during ex vivo megakaryopoiesis, a new mathematical model was developed based on a 3-dimensional kinetic developmental program. To address this, a set of differential equations was applied to analyze the proliferation, differentiation and death kinetic rates of purified cord blood (CB)-CD34+ cells, immature and mature MKs, as well as platelet number and productivity. CB-CD34+ cells were placed in culture optimized for MK differentiation. The kinetic parameters were estimated for two incubation temperatures (37°C vs. 39°C). The regression results have been validated by assessing the parameter identifiability using local and global sensitivity analyses and confidence intervals, and compared using statistical tests and principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, PCA was applied on the solution matrix to construct a simplified MK differentiation pathway model, and to reveal dependencies among the model parameters. The proposed model provides insight into phenomena that would be otherwise difficult to interpret. MKs are unique among mammalian marrow cells as they polyploidize during their natural development. It is universally accepted that MK becomes polyploid by repeatedly deviating from normal cell cycling, where it ceases to complete cytokinesis and divide. To challenge this long-standing hypothesis and to obtain a more comprehensive picture of megakaryopoiesis, a long-term and large-field live cell imaging approach of in vitro MK culture was developed. Using CB- and bone marrow (BM)-CD34+ as starting cells, the direct observation of cells undergoing differentiation and maturation over a 5-day culture period is reported for the first time. Herein, direct visual proof that polyploid MKs can complete cytokinesis during its normal development is presented. This phenomenon was found not restricted to CB- as the BM-derived polyploid MK also underwent division. However the latter showed significantly lower proliferation rate. This new finding explains in part the unresolved issue of low ploidy levels observed in CB-MK and contests the notion that polyploid MKs do not divide.
BACZKO, BOROWA KRYSTYNA, and René Dabard. "Chimie des sucres sans groupements protecteurs : acylations regioselectives, par voie chimique de mono- et disaccharides." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10013.
Повний текст джерелаFroideval, Annick. "Chimie de l'uranium (VI) à l'interface solution/minéraux (quartz et hydroxyde d'aluminium) : expériences et caractérisations spectroscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390927.
Повний текст джерелаMARTIN, BENOIT. "Reactions de condensation sans solvant sous irradiation micro-ondes : synthese de produits de knoevenagel et d'heterocycles azotes." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2009.
Повний текст джерелаBounichou, Matthieu. "La Méthode Diams : desorption/ionization on self-assembled monolayer surface, une nouvelle technique de désorption ionisation laser sans matrice pour la spectrométrie de masse." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0039.
Повний текст джерелаA new method so-called DIAMS (Desorption/Ionization on self-Assembled Monolayer Surface) has been developed for circumventing to the problem of the presence of matrix ions in MALDI (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization). The principle of the DIAMS method is to obtain mass spectra from low molecular weight sample directly deposited onto a gold surface coated with self assembled organic monolayer (SAM) that absorbs at the laser wave length (337 nm). After a theoretical part related to laser light materials interaction in mass spectrometry, elaboration and electrochemical control of the target are described. The feasibility of the method, its repeatability and reproducibility are tested through lipid analyses. The results are compared with other methods such as LDI on gold surface and MALDI. A mechanistic study was then performed in order to better understand the process involved in DIAMS. The aim is to compare internal energy distribution P(Eint) of ions produced in DIAMS and LDI. This is done through the P(Eint) evaluation of thermometer molecules such as benzylpyridinium salts and peptides. The P(Eint) are then determined from the survival yield method and confirmed through the use of the MassKinetics software. For a given laser energy, a thermal energy distribution is evaluated in DIAMS by contrast to the one determined in LDI on gold surface. The presence of chromophore moiety (bithiophene) offers a protecting medium towards the laser light ; such a shield seems to increase with the laser energy. Endly, initial velocities of gramicidine ions desorbed from DIMAS and LDI on gold, disclose the fact the nature of the surface has no effect on the initial kinetic energy of such ions produced in laser desorption/ionization
Nun, Pierrick. "Micro-ondes et activation mécanique : applications en synthèse organique et peptidique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20107.
Повний текст джерелаGreen or Sustainable chemistry has become a growing area in the last few years. The necessity to limit the impact of human activities on environment and health, to find new resources for reactants and solvents drives us to develop a new way to perform chemistry. For this purpose, we have chosen to work on the development of new methods allowing us to perform solvent-free reactions. Among all these methods, mechanical and microwaves activations were specifically studied. Using microwaves, we first developed solvent-free Petasis reactions, giving a large variety of tricycles in one step and with a basic aqueous wash as the only purification step. We also showed that the Suzuki coupling could be performed in 10 min at 110°C without any solid support such as alumina and using a new NHC-Pd catalyst, the PEPPSI. Using mechanical activation, the interest of this method for the synthesis of nitrones and hydrazones was proven, the compounds were obtained after condensation of an amine on a carbonyle. Hydrazones could also be N-alkylated in a second step in basic conditions. The applicability of mechanical activation to prepare di- and tri-peptides using activated aminoacids, Urethane N-carboxyanhydrides (UNCA), was also shown. Peptides were obtained after ball-milling a UNCA with an aminoester chlorhydrate in basic conditions. Finally, one of the first applications of a ball-mill in asymmetric synthesis was realized, in order to prepare aminoacids after alkylation of Schiff bases in presence of cinchonidinium salts
Ripert, Micaël. "Développement d'une stratégie d'adressage sur or par chimie "click" électro-catalysée : application à la détection sans marquage de biomolécules." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01045177.
Повний текст джерелаRakotoharisoa, Rasoldier Norosoa Saholy. "Etude mécanique et microstructurale du fluage par compression à haute température du nitrure de silicium fritté sans charge." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10102.
Повний текст джерелаFraga-Dubreuil, Joan. "Nouveaux développements sur l'utilisation en synthèse organique des liquides ioniques et de la technologie micro-ondes pour la catalyse et la chimie combinatoire." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10062.
Повний текст джерелаMarchal, Éric. "Immunonéphélémétrie microparticulaire : système protéolytique du plasminogène dans le sang humain et le lait bovin." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0125_MARCHAL.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKerdélo, Sébastien. "Méthodes informatiques pour l'expérimentation in virtuo de la cinétique biochimique : application à la coagulation du sang." Rennes 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012117.
Повний текст джерелаQuaranta, Elena. "Oltre San Marco : organizzazione e prassi della musica nelle chiese di Venezia nel Rinascimento /." Firenze : L.S. Olschki, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37001073s.
Повний текст джерелаCatepillan, Tessi Tom?s Ezequiel. "La otra Chimba: historias del Barrio de San Isidro: Santiago de Chile, 1675-1700." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/109794.
Повний текст джерелаEn una ida a la Biblioteca Nacional por que los estudiantes de historia ? tambi?n vamos a veces a ese templo? me vi obligado a bajarme antes de la micro y a caminar por una calle de San Isidro desolada. Anduve por diez cuadras tratando de no maltratar mi cuello aunque poco pude hacer de tanto que me dobl? para ver los edificios: los montones de edificios que se levantan como insolentes provocaciones al pasado. Y sin embargo ah? estaba algo del barrio que fue. Algunas casonas, algunos conventillos, otros almacenes chicos y tristes, tambi?n algunos peruanos... La parroquia, antiguo testigo maltratado por el tiempo, escondido de los miles que a diario pasan por Santa Rosa, miraba de reojo a una de las Comisar?a de Fuerzas Especiales, aunque sin intenciones pol?ticas. En un arrebato m?stico me sent? en su placita, como anta?o lo hiciera el pobrer?o, para tomar el fresco durante la siesta en los calurosos d?as del verano1. Escuch?, silencioso, el murmullo de las micros, y en esa pasada se me col? un recuerdo de tiempos que no viv?. La parroquia, sus murallas y sus lamentos me hablaban... Quisiera poder contarlo como algo m?s que una historia. Algunas veces he caminado por esa calle, me he sentado en la plaza, e incluso he invertido tiempo y gastado mis codos en los bares del sector. Sin embargo, a este informe lo mandan los archivos. Y aterriz?ndolo un poco m?s, los papeles de la Biblioteca Patrimonial de la Facultad de Medicina de nuestra casa de estudios. Esta escuela de Medicina, que funcion? en el que fuera hospital de pobres, fundado quiz? por Valdivia en el lejano siglo XVI y entregado a la orden de San Juan de Dios reci?n iniciado el siglo siguiente, hered? del hospital colonial sus bienes, pero m?s importante en lo que respecta a este informe, sus papeles.
Černuchová, Petra. "Utilisation des alcoxyméthylènes disubstitués pour la synthèse d'hétérocycles d'intérêt biologique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112086.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of my PhD thesis was utilization of alkoxymethylene compounds in the synthesis of heterocycles possessing biological activity. The first part consists of solvent-free synthesis of quinolone derivatives. We have realised the synthesis of the quinolone derivatives in a three-step procedure from triethylorthoformate and activated methylene derivatives leading to alkoxymethylene malonates followed by reaction with aromatic amines and finally an intramolecular cyclization. High boiling solvents such as biphenyl and diphenyl ether used for thermal processes are solids at ambient temperature, which complicate work-up and recovery. To avoid this problem, a study of this reaction has been carried out under solvent-free conditions. The second part of my PhD study concerning the utilization of 2-ethoxymethylene-3-oxobutanenitrile and 3-ethoxy-2-methanesulfonylacrylonitrile in the synthesis of heterocycles possessing biological activity. As described in the literature, pyrazoles, pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have been the subject of chemical and biological studies due to their interesting pharmacology including antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, potential herbicidal, fungicidal and leishmanicidal properties. Stimulated by these findings, the reactions of the titles compounds with hydrazines, amidines, aminotriazoles, aminobenzazoles and other nitrogen nucleophiles were studied giving access to a set of new substituted pyrazoles, pyrimidines, quinolines etc. Some of these products have been inspected for biological activities against bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts and tumor HeLa and L1210 cells
Faddoul, Farhoud. "Cinetique chimique de la combustion d'un propergol homogene double-base avec et sans additif." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2322.
Повний текст джерелаHichri, Ichrak. "Optimisation de l'extraction des polyphénols sans pesticides ainsi que leurs caractérisations dans les extraits d'oignon jaune et rouge." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35000.
Повний текст джерелаThe onion possesses a specificity by the antioxidant phenolic compounds. The latter is widely studied for their diverse effects on the health in particular on the cardiovascular diseases, the diabetes, etc. The objective of the present study was to optimize the parameters of extraction of the polyphenols from yellow and red onions to obtain a product rich in antioxidizing molecules without pesticides. This study was led on the various parts of onions : stalk, root, bulb and peel. The analyses of the extracts of pesticides for the various parts of yellow and red onions was made with GC / MS. The result showed that only the roots of the yellow onions contain a pesticide : the PENDIMETHALIN with a quantity of 0,7 mg / kg dry material, which exceeds the European require standard (0,1 mg / kg of dry material). Consequently, the study of the characterization of the polyphenols of the various parts of yellow and red onions established was made on varieties of onions devoid of pesticides. So, analysis of the polyphenols by UPLC-MS/MS showed the wealth of the part stalk of the red onions in the latter, in particular in quercetin (7810,33 mg / kg in dry material). To increase the kinetics of extraction of polyphenols, four parameters of extraction were optimized : the time (0h, 0,5h and 1h), the temperature (22°C, 50°C and 78°C), the ethanol concentration (0%, 50% and 100%) and the solute/solvent ratiog / ml (1:10, 1:30 and 1:50) by using a plan of statistical experience D-optimal. After the statistical study, the ethanolic extract showed a better yield for awhile on extraction of 50 min and a ethanol concentration in 53,75%. The extraction was repeated with the optimized conditions and gave a yield on 119,45g of polyphenols totals / kg dry material.
Higazi, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude des profils des vitesses des fluides dans les conduites par l'imagerie de flux RMN." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30032.
Повний текст джерелаChèze, Marjorie. "Intérêt de la spectrométrie de masse tandem pour l'analyse du sang, des urines et des phanères dans la mise en évidence de la soumission chimique." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S001.
Повний текст джерелаPegot, Bruce. "Préparation de liquides ioniques chiraux : quelques exemples d'applications en synthèse asymétrique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112171.
Повний текст джерелаDuring my Ph. D thesis we have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of ionic liquids under “green chemistry” conditions, using microwave activation without any organic solvent. By this method, different ionic liquids families, based on imidazolium or pyridinium cation, have been synthesized quickly (23-30 min) and easily in good yield (86-99%). A comparative studies of reactivity between microwave activation and conventional heating have been made. Non thermal microwave specific effects were evident. These results have been quantitatively determined by theorical calculationIn view of emerging importance of ionic liquids as new reaction media for organic syntheses especially in asymmetric synthesis, we prepared, by the same way chiral ionic liquide based on (1R, 2S)-ephedrinium salt in good yields (77-91%) within very short reaction times (10-180 min). We had alsostudied the role of chiral ionic liquids in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. For this purpose we repoted for the first time, the use of chiral ionic liquids as reaction media in asymmetric Baylis-Hillman reaction. Significant results (ee< 44%) in term of enantioselectivity were obtained via chirality transfert from chiral ionic liquids. The aza-Diels-Alder reaction between Danishefsky's diene and imines was also studied in ionic liquids. The reaction has been found to perform better in ionic liquids using no acid catalyst at room temperature. Chiral ionic liquids are also used as new reaction media for reaction. Good yields (66- 77%) and more importantly, moderate diastereoselectivities up to 66% were obtained. Having established the all important role of ionic liquids in asymmetric transformation
Zell, Joanna. "Glycolipid - and Lectin-Dependant Endocytosis studies by a chemical biology Approch." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/ZELL_Joanna_2_complete_20181116.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCurrent biological techniques do not permit the functional reintroduction of long-chain glycosphingolipids (GSLs) into cells. We aim to develop molecular tools permitting cellular reconstitution of functional GSLs in a controlled manner, combining metabolic labelling of sphingolipids with copper-free click chemistry. Molecular tools are validated with the bacterial Shiga toxin, which gains entry to cells independently of the canonical intracellular clathrin machinery on binding to its GSL cell receptor, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3-Cer), through a recently described mechanism of endocytosis, termed GL-Lect (glycolipid-lectin). According to the GL-Lect hypothesis, cellular or pathogenic lectins drive the construction of endocytic pits by reorganising membrane lipids so as to favour the formation of narrow membrane curvature. The GSL reconstitution technique that is described here is applicable to the discovery of GSL binding partners in the study of GL-Lect mediated endocytosis
Brusselle, Damien. "Auto-assemblage de métallacarboranes en solution aqueuse : un nouveau type de tensioactif." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20094/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetallacarboranes are anionic clusters composed of boron, carbon and hydrogen with a metallic cation sandwiched at the heart of this cluster (Co3+ in general) and highly stable in thermic and chemical point of view. These entities are trivially represented by the Greek letter "theta" where the poles are considered hydrophobic and have a negative charge delocalized and counter-balanced by an acidic proton. This high stability as well as the various properties gives a particular interest in applications such as the co-extraction of Cs and Sr in nuclear waste or in medicine for their ability to inhibit HIV protease by its hydrogen bonds. The chemistry of boron is relatively rich; a synthesis of some derivatives was performed in laboratory. It is possible to substitute specifically hydrogen by iodine or chlorine atoms or change the metallic heart by other atom as Fe3+, respectively forming diiodo- COSAN (I2COSAN), dichloro-COSAN (Cl2COSAN) and ferrabisdicarbollide (FESAN) anions. Metallacarboranes are also considered as a new class of surfactant where a first study of their self-assembly has been performed. The results of one of them, cobaltabisdicarbollide or COSAN, have shown an effect at the surface tension and theses clusters formed spontaneously vesicles in dilute regime (from 0.5 mmol/L) and by Coulomb interactions, they form micelles at higher concentration (after 15 mmol/L). But they offer more surprise by the formation of lyotropic phases in aqueous solution. Indeed, these phases, clearly identified by X-ray scattering techniques and microscopy, showed temperature and concentration dependence where a phase diagram was established for the I2COSAN in particular. Therefore, the thesis is focused on the understanding of the phenomena controlling the aggregation of these curious compounds
Doublet, Aurélien. "Développement d’un primaire d’adhésion anticorrosion sans Cr VI pour l’alliage aéronautique Al2024-T3." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS280.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of hexavalent chromium for anticorrosion surface treatments in aeronautics field will soon be banned by the REACH reglementation. Looking for an innovative solution, PROTEC industry and the CEA research center work in collaboration with the aim of developing a chromium free replacement treatment, which can substitute current solution and give competitive results both in adhesion and corrosion protection. The thesis project presented in this manuscript is part of a common laboratory named MESTREL, including the two entities. The proposed solution is based on the grafting of a polymeric film inspired by the diazonium chemistry on an Al2024-T3 surface, reference alloy in the aeronautic field. The principal objective of the thesis is to determinate the best conditions of grafting, -giving similar properties to chromium treatment. To this end, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations have been performed. Electrochemical Microscopy protocols are developed to assess the passivation properties of the film The high porosity of the film has allowed to develop a new innovative bilayer process combining anticorrosive properties of current solution and adhesion properties of the functionnal coating. At the same time, an out-of-tank deposition technique is developed. The goal is to enable economic benefits and facilitate treatment of very large aeronautic pieces
Paquin, Ludovic. "Etude de l'interaction micro-onde/matière appliquée à la synthèse sans solvant de nouveaux cyclohexènes et nitrocyclohexanols par réaction MIMIRC." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10043.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Yun. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation en conditions de chimie verte : métaux non toxiques, eau oxygénée, transformation de la biomasse, recyclage par greffage." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30241.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to develop a chemistry more respectful of the environment, access to sustainable processes is mandatory. More specifically, in the field of oxidation chemistry, use of toxic oxidants has to be banished, use of solvents limited and reusable catalysts developed. In this context, two types of greener approaches have been explored. The first approach concerns removal or replacement of acetic acid, an additive - in association with H2O2, favoring exclusive formation of epoxides with Mn and Fe metal complexes as catalysts. For this objective, two strategies have been explored. The first one consists in introducing fluoroalcohol functions in the second coordination sphere of metal complexes with pyridinophane-based ligand to easily activate H2O2. Those complexes did not enhance the catalytic activity for cyclooctene oxidation reactions in comparison to analogous Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with unmodified ligands. However, Ni(II) and Co(II) metal complexes with unmodified ligands display interesting catalytic activity for H2 photoproduction. The second strategy aimed to replace acetic acid. Using silica beads functionalized with COOH pendant arms (SiO2@COOH) as additive and H2O2 as oxidant, catalytic epoxidation reactions catalyzed by Mn(II) and Fe(III) metal complexes with BPMEN ligand displayed significant selectivity towards epoxide. The second approach concerns organic-solvent free (ep)oxidation processes with catalysts based on polyoxometalates (POMs). Catalysts SiO2@PMo and SiO2@PW, respectively obtained by ionic grafting of H3PMo12O40 or H3PW12O40 on silica beads functionalized with NH2 pending functions (SiO2@NH2), have been fully characterized. With low catalyst loading, both catalysts displayed efficient oxidation activity and better selectivity than the free POMs. Moreover, recovered beads gave similar conversion and selectivity after two recycling processes
Racine, Julien. "Etats VB excités avec et sans Hamiltonien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4336.
Повний текст джерелаA large number of chemical representations has been proposed to model the chemical bond, but in particular Lewis structures are widely used by the experimenters community. The theoretical methods on developing the clear chemical Lewis structures are mainly used for the description of the ground states. Moreover, the majority of theoretical chemists uses molecular orbitals to describe the excited states, and thus lacks clarity. The excited states are difficult to predict, it is appropriate to use simple language to reach a common understanding of these states. We propose in this thesis two methods to access the excited states described on easily readable structures. First, a projection method developing an excited state in clear chemical structure type VB. This method is fast because it does not VB Hamiltonian diagonalizes and calculates a trust factor for a safeguard to judge the description of the excited state. Then an iterative method using a Super-CI Hamiltonian to optimize VB orbitals to an excited state. This method coupled with the projection method opens a way to a simple understanding of the excited states
Casini, Chiara. "Analisi di vulnerabilità e interventi per le chiese della pianura bolognese: il caso di San Giovanni in Triario." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаNicolle, André. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des aspects cinétiques de la combustion sans flamme." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2040.
Повний текст джерелаEgea, Amandine. "Ingénierie moléculaire de surfaces bi-fonctionnelles pour des applications de biodétection sans marquage basée sur la diffraction." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764906.
Повний текст джерелаVanbiervliet, Élise. "Synthèses originales de polyuréthanes sans isocyanate (NIPUs)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S142.
Повний текст джерелаConventional polyurethanes (PUs) involve the use of isocyanates, which are considerably toxic and require phosgene for their manufacture. To tackle environmental issues, it is necessary to elaborate different routes to PUs. In this context, two isocyanate-free strategies towards the preparation of polythiourethanes (PTUs), i.e. non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), have being developed. The first way involves the synthesis of α,ω-di(dithiocyclocarbonate) telechelic poly(propylene glycol) (bis(5DTCC)-PPG), poly(tetrahydrofurane diglycidyl ether) (bis(5DTCC)-PTG), upon chemical modification of the corresponding α,ω-diepoxide telechelic polymers (PPG, PTG, respectively) through cycloaddition of carbon disulfide. The second approach involves the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), using Grubbs’ 2nd generation ruthenium catalyst, of cycloolefins using 16 differents chain-transfer agents. Bis(5DTCC) telechelic copolyolefins are thus synthesized. Reaction of the end-capping 5DTCC moieties with a diamine by ring-opening polyaddition ultimately affords at room temperature the corresponding NIPTU
Eyssautier, Joëlle. "Caractérisation et Modélisation des Asphaltènes en Conditions Réactionnelles d'Hydrotraitement." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/66/69/75/PDF/ThA_se_Joelle_Eyssautier_2012_pour_impression.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDue to a high energy demand, the petroleum industry has to focus on low quality products such as heavy oils and distillation residua, to be transformed into valuable fractions. These products show difficulties to be converted during hydrotreating processes because of their asphaltene content, which are heavy molecules with peculiar aggregation properties. Small angle scattering techniques (X rays, neutrons and light) were used to characterize the system on a wide length scale (1 nm - 1 μm). Asphaltenes in model solvents were first investigated to refine the description of nanoaggregates made of core/shell discs, organized at a larger length scale into polydisperse fractal clusters. This colloidal approach was then adapted to study the asphaltenes in processing conditions. A nanofiltration process has been performed, and the structural study of the fractions made evidence that the system is a colloidal suspension of particles. The behavior through temperature elevation depends on the length scale of interest: while clusters are sensitive to temperature, nanoaggregates persist at 300°C. The hierarchical aggregation scheme enables predicting viscosity behaviors through temperature and concentration variations. These findings on structural organization and characteristic particle sizes near processing temperatures improve the knowledge required for heavy oil transport, hydroconversion process and catalyst design
Wang, Weili. "De la catalyse homogène vers la catalyse hétérogène pour l'époxydation sans solvant à partir de (pré)catalyseurs du molybdène." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30189/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work of this PhD thesis deals with the study of molybdenum complexes of general formula [MoO2L]n (L being a tridentate Schiff base ligand with an ONO or ONS coordination sphere around the molybdenum) as catalysts for the organic solvent-free epoxidation of olefins. Within the spirit of Green Chemistry, the work has focused on four of the twelve Green Chemistry principles: the use of catalysis rather than stoichiometric transformations, the use of organic solvent-free procedures rather than operating in solution of organic solvents, the use of renewable substrates and the grafting of catalysts for their recovery. The first part of the manuscript presents a concise state of the art on the chemistry of molybdenum complexes with ligands similar to those used within the thesis. Specific aspects such as the effect of ligand substituents and the different activities - mainly catalytic - observed in organic media are reviewed. A section of this chapter is dedicated to the different strategies employed for the grafting of molybdenum complexes to solid supports as well as to the use of the resulting supported complexes in heterogenized homogeneous catalysis. The next chapter details the synthesis and characterization of all the molecular complexes used as catalysts. This chapter shows the different substitutions operated on the ligands, i.e. changing the ONO coordination sphere to ONS and adding different substituents on the ligands, i.e. OH free functions or additional donor (diethylamino) and/or withdrawing (nitro) substituents at different positions on the tridentate ligand in order to modify the catalytic activity. Six of the synthesized complexes could be characterized by X-ray crystallography. The third chapter reports the results obtained for the catalyzed organic solvent-free epoxidation of cyclooctene as a model substrate using all the molybdenum complexes presented in the previous chapter. It is shown that the nature of the coordination sphere around the molybdenum (ONO vs ONS) is in favour of the latter in terms of catalytic activity towards the formation of the desired epoxide. The catalyzed reactions with complexes containing an OH substituent at different positions on the aromatic ring have shown more significant effects in the case of the ONO coordination sphere than in the corresponding ONS case. The epoxidation performed in the presence of a dimethylamino and/or a nitro substituent on the ONO ligand revealed that the catalytic activity is enhanced by the electron withdrawing group. The catalytic investigations were pursued by the epoxidation of cyclohexene and of one natural substrate, limonene. This study has shown that limonene oxides and/or limonene diols are generated, depending on the nature of the catalyst. The ONS complexes are very reactive and quickly lead to the limonene diols. The effect of different parameters has been studied with particular attention to the reaction temperature. Finally, one stable molybdenum complex with an ONO coordination sphere has been grafted onto a commercial Merrifield resin. Different grafting strategies are presented. The isolated objects have been tested as catalysts under organic solvent-free conditions for the epoxidation of cyclooctene. The catalytic results are promising in terms of activity and the recovery/recycling tests have shown that the catalysts could be used three times without significant decrease of conversion and selectivity, but some metal leaching was observed
Munteanu, Sorin. "Micro électrochimie et optique couplées pour l'imagerie et l'étude de réactions chimiques de surface." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00802004.
Повний текст джерелаGuérin, Didier. "Préparations cosmétiques et mise au point d'une coloration d'oxydation sous forme de gel sans ammoniaque." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30076.
Повний текст джерелаThe interest of these cosmetic formulations is to create a gel forming oxidation hair dyes without ammonia. First, we have study the physiology and anatomy of hair, and cosmetic raw materials, to formulate cosmetic preparations for permanent or semi-permanent waves shampoo and other hair cares. Second, we have studied existing colorations direct or permanent, to learn the technical way to prepare hair dying products, and the interactions between the intermediates. We have formulate a liquid base witch can be a gel form in presence of an hydrogen peroxide solution (6%). A least, we try to substitute ammonia by another alkalising agent in this type of colouring products, decreasing the toxicological impact
Coutard, Nathan. "Optimisation et intégration d'anodes bio-inspirées dans une pile à combustible sans platine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV021/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of new energy vectors as alternatives to the fossil and nuclear fuels is necessary for the transition to renewable energies. These intermittent energy sources can be stored in fuels, such as hydrogen gas which stands out for its energy density and participation in the virtuous water splitting cycle. Controlled H2 oxidation can be done in so-called fuel cells, which oxidize hydrogen at the anode and reduce oxygen at the cathode to form water and heat as the sole products of the reaction. Those mature technologies employ platinum group metals as catalysts at both the anode and cathode. However, as worldwide energy demands keep increasing, these limited resources will not be sufficient for a worldwide adoption of H2 as an energy vector. In this work, materials containing noble metal free, bio inspired catalysts for H2 oxidation are optimized and integrated in functional fuel cells. Their behaviour in technologically-relevant conditions is studied and compared to that of state of the art platinum catalysts. The best performing materials are thoroughly characterized with various techniques including advanced electrochemistry, yielding leads for further optimization as well as insight on the benchmarking of novel catalytic materials
Attouche, Angie. "Développement de nouvelles réactions radicalaires sans étain en glycochimie : élaboration de spirocétals et débenzylations régiosélectives." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923135.
Повний текст джерелаBeltrami, Riccardo. "Stato ecologico di Punte Alberete e Valle Mandriole: popolamenti macrozoobentonici e chimica delle acque." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6467/.
Повний текст джерелаAyalew, Adey. "Impact de l'ischémie sur les cinétiques cardiaques du thallium-201 et du technétium-99m-MIBI : étude sur le modèle de coeur isolé de lapin perfusé par du "sang reconstitué"." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN11311.
Повний текст джерелаPoittevin, Clément. "Réactions de carboalcénylation d'ène-carbamates et d'énamides : recherche de nouveaux processus radicalaires sans étain." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0037/document.
Повний текст джерелаMulticomponent radical reactions have high synthetic efficiency and are in line with "green"chemistry concepts. This manuscript focuses on three topics: the study of the radical carboalkenylation reactions on electrons-rich olefins, the further elaboration of the structures directed towards the synthesis of complex cyclic or polycyclic molecules, and finally the development of newtin-free radical mediators.In the first part, based on previous work from our laboratory, the radical carbo-alkenylation reaction was successfully extended to enamides and ene-carbamates. This study demonstrated the high reactivity of these olefins towards electrophilic radical species and also the major driving force which constitutes the formation of the intermediate amidoyl radical. Amongst all enamides and enecarbamates tested, only the cyclic compounds led to a good diastereocontrol in the favor of transproducts.In a second part, the structures obtained in the carbo-alkenylation reaction were further elaborated through the development of radical and ionic cyclization processes. Activation via enamines allowed the diastereoselective formation of aza-decalin backbones, presents in the lycopodium alkaloid family. A totally diastereoselective double 5-exo-trig/6-exo-trig cyclization process was also achieved,generating various substituted tri- and tetracyclic compounds present in other classes of alkaloids. Finally, the development of new non-reductive free-radical silylated mediators as ditin surrogates was achieved. The research focused on various disilanes, thiosilanes, borosilanes and borothiosilanes,precursors of silyl radicals sustaining the radical chain. These mediators were tested in directvinylation reactions of alkyl bromides or in three components carbo-alkenylation processes. Forthiosilanes and borosilanes encouraging and promising results were obtained
Zelli, Renaud. "Synthèse sans catalyseurs métalliques de systèmes multivalents à base d'iminosucres, nouveaux inhibiteurs de glycosidases." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0015.
Повний текст джерелаIminosugars are naturally occurring, polyhydroxylated monocyclic (pyrrolidine, piperidine, azepane) and bicyclic (pyrrolizidine, indolizidine, nortropane) nitrogenated compounds endowed with strong inhibition activity against glycosidases, the enzymes that catalyse the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds in glycoconjugates. The development of new iminosugar derivatives is essential to obtain new treatments against diseases such as type II diabetes, cystic fibrosis or lysosomal storage disorders (Gaucher and Fabry diseases). Although the development of glycosidase inhibitors based on iminosugar clusters was not explored for a long period of time, recent studies have demonstrated that multivalent iminosugars are stronger and more selective inhibitors than the corresponding monovalent compounds. However, nearly two thirds of all the di- and multivalent iminosugars known to date, including the calixarene-based iminosugar clusters synthesized at the beginning of the thesis work, were obtained by means of the copper-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Unfortunately, this highly efficient reaction leads to the contamination of the multivalent compounds by significant amounts of noxious copper ions. Thus, the main aim of the present PhD research was the development of new ligation tools for the synthesis of multivalent iminosugars in the absence of metal catalysts. First, the ligations already exploited for the preparation of multivalent sugars, such as the photoinduced radical addition of thiol to terminal akenes (thiol-ene coupling) and the oxime ligation, were successfully applied to the iminosugars. Both approaches allowed the synthesis of iminosugar clusters based on calixarene and cyclopeptide scaffolds, respectively. Then, an unprecedented approach to multivalent sugars and iminosugars was developed taking advantage of the uncommon stability and reactivity of the sulfonyl fluoride moieties. The coupling of the latter with partners bearing a primary amine group afforded the corresponding sulfonamide-linked sugar and iminosugar clusters in high yield. Finally, the above-mentioned thiol-ene coupling also allowed the straightforward preparation of new iminosugar pseudo-disaccharides, a class of inhibitors endowed with higher glycosidase selectivity than the corresponding monosaccharidic iminosugar. This feature is due to the presence of the sugar unit which improves the analogy with the natural oligosaccharidic substrates of the glycosidases
Rouquet, Guy. "Nouvelles méthodes de génération de radicaux silylés : application à des processus radicalaires sans étain." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14180/document.
Повний текст джерелаTwo new concepts, aiming to substitute ditin radical chemistry by using silyl radicals, are developed throughout this manuscript. The first concept introduces “silaboranes”, molecules made up of a silane unit and a boron atom. For the first time, the ability of these precursors to generate trimethylsilyl radicals was demonstrated by using the SHi reaction at silicon (Intramolecular Homolytic Substitution) from disilanes. Besides, results are supported by kinetic and computationnal studies of the SHi reaction at silicon. Capacity of “silaboranes” to achieve tin-free radical processes was demonstrated thanks to radical addition of halogenated species on sulfonyl oxime ethers. “Silaboranes” concept was then extended to silicon hydrides using intramolecular hydrogen transfer as source of triphenylsilyl radicals. The second concept highlights the ability of allyl tris(trimethylsilyl)silanes to make possible tin-free radical reactions via beta-fragmentation of the tris(trimethylsilyl) group. These compounds, source of tris(trimethylsilyl) radicals and easily available, open very interesting perspectives in tin-free radical addition of bromides and iodides species on sulfonyl derivatives as allyl sulfones, vinyl sulfones or sulfonyl oxime ethers
Barbieri, Federico. "Il tema delle "Chiese Nane" in Emilia-Romagna dopo il sisma del 2012. Il caso di studio del San Francesco in Mirandola (Mo)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаWang, Dong. "Making dimers of light-harvesting complexes from purple bacteria using copper–free click chemistry." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0062/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe light harvesting apparatus of photosynthetic bacteria absorb the energy from sunlight and transfer the energy with high efficiency to the reaction center, where it is captured for use by the cell. We know little about the details of energy transfer between different light-harvesting complexes. In this thesis I isolated several different types of light-harvesting complex from various stains of purple bacteria. 3D models were built, based on homology modeling, and possible dimer structures were examined. The cross linking sites in these protein shown the possiblity of forming biologically relevant dimer structures. I have developed a protocol to make dimers, from highly oligomeric light harvesting proteins. The protocol developed contains three main steps: first reaction of lysines in the complex at a very low degrees of reaction and purifying the labelled protein. Then coupling the reactive groups of dibenzylcyclootyne (DBCO) or of azide separately to the different complexes. Finally, the copper free strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction occurred to synthesize the dimer
Zovi, Ornella. "Fonctionnalisation et photopolymérisation de l'huile de lin en vue de l'élaboration de nouveaux matériaux sans émissions de composés organiques volatiles (COV)." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560888.
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