Дисертації з теми "Chimie des actinides"
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Riglet, Chantal. "Chimie du neptunium et autres actinides en milieu carbonate." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066423.
Повний текст джерелаRiglet, Chantal. "Chimie du neptunium et autres actinides en milieu carbonaté /." Saclay : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35280084x.
Повний текст джерелаAutillo, Matthieu. "Etude du paramagnétisme des actinides en solution." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS289.
Повний текст джерелаThe physiochemical properties of actinide (An) solutions are still difficult to explain, particularly the behavioral differences between An(III) and Ln(III). The study of actinide paramagnetic behavior may be a “simple” method to analyze the electronic properties of actinide elements and to obtain information on the ligand-actinide interaction. The objective of this PhD thesis is to understand the paramagnetic properties of these elements by magnetic susceptibility measurements and chemical shift studies.Studies on actinide electronic properties at various oxidation states in solution were carried out by magnetic susceptibility measurements in solution according to the Evans method. Unlike Ln(III) elements, there is no specific theory describing the magnetic properties of these ions in solution. To obtain accurate data, the influence of experimental measurement technique and radioactivity of these elements was analyzed. Then, to describe the electronic structure of their low-energy states, the experimental results were complemented with quantum chemical calculations from which the influence of the ligand field was studied. Finally, these interpretations were applied to better understand the variations in the magnetic properties of actinide cations in chloride and nitrate media.Information about ligand-actinide interactions may be determined from an NMR chemical shift study of actinide complexes. Indeed, modifications induced by a paramagnetic complex can be separated into two components. The first component, a Fermi contact contribution (δc) is related to the degree of covalency in coordination bonds with the actinide ions and the second, a dipolar contribution (δpc) is related to the structure of the complex. The paramagnetic induced shift can be used only if we can isolate these two terms. To achieve this study on actinide elements, we chose to work with the complexes of dipicolinic acid (DPA).Firstly, to characterize the geometrical parameters, a structural study (by monocrystal XRD and EXAFS) was performed on these complexes with the actinide cations at various oxidation states +III, +IV, +V et +VI. Secondly, various methods for separating the two contributions involving NMR spectroscopy were checked with Ln(III) complexes and applied to actinide elements. The paramagnetic induced shift associated with quantum chemical calculations allowed us to characterize the magnetic properties of these cations. Unlike studies on Ln(III) ions, the An(III) and An(IV) paramagnetic induced shifts suggest a major Fermi contact contribution (δc). On the contrary, for actinyle cations, the paramagnetic induced shifts on 1H NMR signals show no Fermi contact contribution (δc). This characteristic, related to the geometry of these ions, allowed for their magnetic properties to be accurately described. An application of these results to the study of complexes with the TEDGA ligand has been performed.It is apparent from this study that the additional information gained on the description of actinide paramagnetic behavior has led to an improved understanding of the physiochemical properties of these ions in solution
Nocton, Grégory. "Chimie de coordination et réactivité redox de l'uranium." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10143.
Повний текст джерелаFerru, Geoffroy. "Spéciation moléculaire et supramoléculaire des systèmes extractants à base de monoamides." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066612.
Повний текст джерелаThe DEHiBA was chosen as extractant for the selective recovery of uranium in the GANEX process first cycle, which aims to realise the grouped extraction of actinides in a second step. The object of this work is to improve the description of monoamide organic phases in alkanes after solutes extraction. A parametric study was undertaken to study singly water, nitric acid and uranyl nitrate extraction at the molecular and supramolecular scale. The study of the organization has allowed identifying three regimes: For extractant concentration less than 0. 5 mol/L, monomeric species are majority, whatever the solute. For extractant concentration between 0. 5 and 1 mol/L, small aggregates are formed: after water and nitric acid extraction, this is essentially dimers. Uranyl nitrate extraction generates bigger objects, containing 2 to 4 molecules of monoamide. For more concentrated phases (more than 1 mol/L), species containing 2 to 4 molecules of monoamides could be formed after water or nitric nitric extraction. Concerning uranyl nitrate extraction, an important and strong organization of the organic phase is observed, which no longer allowing considering the formation of spherical well defined aggregates. From the molecular view, complexes are not sensitive to the organization of the solution: same species are observed, whatever the concentration of uranyl and of extractant in organic phase
Condamines, Nicole. "Contribution à l'étude de l'extraction d'acides minéraux et de cations actinides aux degrés d'oxydation (IV) et (VI) par des N,N-dialkylamides /." Saclay : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35100410n.
Повний текст джерелаGuérin, Nicolas. "Séparation automatisée des actinides par chromatographie d'extraction." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29464/29464.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMeridiano, Yannick. "Organisation des molécules extractantes de type diamide : lien avec les propriétés extractantes ?" Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112017.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of these studies is to establish a link between the different organizations of diamide extractants (used in the DIAMEX process) and their extracting properties. The effects of the key parameters leading the liquid-liquid extraction (concentration of extractant, nature of solute, activity of the aqueous phase, nature of the diluent and temperature) are studied : 1) at the supramolecular scale, with the characterization of the extractant organizations by vapor-pressure osmometry (VPO) and small angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS/SAXS) experiments ; 2) at the molecular scale, with the quantification of the extracted solutes (water, nitric acid, metal nitrate) and the determination of extracted complexes stoichiometries by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments. The DMDOHEMA molecule acts as a classical surfactant and forms aggregates of the reverse micelle type. Taking into account the established supramolecular diagrams, a quantitative link between the extractants structures and their extracting properties has been brought to light. To model the europium nitrate extraction, two approaches have been developed: - an approach based on mass action laws. Extractions equilibria have been proposed taking into account the supramolecular speciation; - an innovative approach considering the extracted ions as adsorbed on a specific surface of the extractant molecule which depends on the extractant organization state. The ion extraction can be considered as a sum of isotherms corresponding to the different states of organization. This approach allows to compare the extraction efficiency of an extracting molecule as a function of its organization state
Deroche, Arnaud. "Réactivité de l’eau à la surface des oxydes d’actinide. Modifications surfaciques et radiolyse." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS112/document.
Повний текст джерелаActinide oxides are hygroscopic materials. The adsorption of water on their surfaces is likely to cause changes in the nature or condition. In the case of oxides with a high dose rate, the effects of radiolysis of the water causes the decomposition of water and generates hydrogen. These two aspects: surface study and radiolysis of water have been studied here.The study of the generation of dihydrogen by radiolysis of water adsorbed on the surface has shown that this linear generation in the early stages reaches a stable concentration after several hours. This stationary state has been very little observed, and is absent in the case of significant humidity. Conditioning in a dihydrogen-containing atmosphere made it possible to highlight a reaction of consumption of dihydrogen by the material. These experiments led to the emergence of a kinetic model based on two reactions of production and consumption of dihydrogen. The first corresponds to the decomposition of the water under the effect of the radiation, and for the second it is suspected a partial reduction of the surface with the formation of a sub-stoichiometric phase on the surface, however no technique of analysis of surface has not formally highlighted this phase.Inverse gas chromatography is a technique that is not very intrusive with respect to the adsorbed water layers because of the temperatures and pressures involved and the absence of energy deposition. This technique has been used on oxides of thorium and uranium. On thorium oxide, this results in an impact of the calcination temperature, with a maximum of surface energy for calcination at 650 ° C. In addition, it has been shown that the preparation of thorium dioxide can impact the state of its surface. Indeed, it has been observed dehydration of thorium oxalate over time, impacting the structure of the latter. This modification affects the surface of the final oxide by a drop-in surface energy and a change in the distribution of surface adsorption sites. Nevertheless, a chemical treatment of oxalate makes it possible to recover the surface reactivity and a distribution of the adsorption sites. The hydration of the surface shows an increase in surface energy, but this increase is observed only for hydrations of long duration.Keywords: water sorption, radiolysis, plutonium, inverse gas chromatography, thorium, uranium
Siffredi, Gérald. "Renaissance de la chimie de l'ion uranyle (UO2) 2+ en solution non aqueuse." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112284.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with new aspects of the chemistry of the uranyl(VI) ion {UO2}2+ in anhydrous polar organic solvents such as the activation of the reputedly inert U–Oyl bond and the controlled reduction of this species which represent a particularly active field of research that attracts much attention for both its fundamental aspects and applications. Treatment of uranyl(VI) compounds UO2X’2 (X’ = I, OTf, Cl) with Me3SiX (X = Cl, Br, I) reagents, in various anhydrous polar organic solvents, has been first considered. In most cases, reduction into tetravalent species with complete deoxygenation of the uranyl {UO2}2+ ion is observed. The reaction is particularly efficient in acetonitrile where the tetravalent [UX4(MeCN)4] complexes, which are useful precursors in uranium chemistry, are isolated. In the course of these reactions, the influence of the solvent, the nature of X’ and X in the UO2X’2 precursor and the Me3SiX reagent are pointed out. Reaction of the uranyl(VI) UO2X2 (X = I, Cl, OTf, NO3) precursors with the anionic MC5R5 (M = K, R = H, Me ; M = Li, R = Me ; M = Tl, R = H) reagents did not lead to the organometallic [(η5-C5R5)nUO2X2-n] species (n = 1, 2) but to pentavalent uranyl(V) complexes. This method is a facile and rapid route towards the formation of stable pentavalent uranyl which offers promising sources for further U(V) chemical developments and for fundamental and applied interests. Their structure is strongly dependent on the nature of the solvent, the additional ligands X and of the M+ cation. In pyridine, the {UO2(py)5}+ ion appears to be an ubiquitous and a quite stable entity. The coordinating properties of the basic oxo groups, which coordinate easily to M+ ions (M = Li, K, Tl), favour structural diversity with formation of heteropolymetallic complexes such as [{UO2(py)5}{MX(py)2}] (M = Li, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}{MX2(py)2}]∞ (M = K, Tl, X = OTf ; M = K, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}(M2X3)]∞ (M = Li, X = OTf) or [{UO2(py)5}2(M3X5)]∞ (M = K ; X = OTf). With precipitation of insoluble MX salt (TlI in pyridine for example), reactions give mononuclear species like [UO2(py)5][I]. Once again, the results presented here highlight the advantage of handling uranyl(VI) compounds in strictly anhydrous and deoxygenated media and further demonstrate that uranyl chemistry will witness novel developments under such experimental conditions
Staïcu, Dragos. "Conductivité thermique des combustibles nucléaires hétérogènes." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe thermal properties of nuclear fuels must be known in order to predict their behavior under irradiation and to verify that it is compatible with the safety criterion. The existing fuels are U02 and (U,Pu)02, but some new materials are being studied at the CEA (future fuels, actinide incineration). The aim of this study is to contribute to the development of a prediction method for the thermal behavior of these fuels during irradiation. This method has been validated by comparison with the measured values of the effective thermal conductivity of fresh fuel. The heat transfer problem, the influent parameters and the possible solutions are at first studied. Then a numerical method, suitable for fuels and taking into account their microstructure and their composition has been developed. The equivalent conductivity for a 20 heat transfer is calculated taking into account actual 20 microstructures obtained after analysis of micrographic sections of the material. The proposed method for converting 20/30 to estimate the value of the equivalent conductivity, uses as a ratio between the two estimates, the ratio obtained by a model corresponding to a morphology close to the• actual morphology and where the 20 prediction best matches the value calculated numerically. The analysis is validated by comparison of the thermal conductivity values measured for the (U, Pu)O2. Al203-U02, MgAl204-U02, U02 and Mo fuels and for B4C-HfB2. The method is then applied to the (U,Pu)02 irradiated fuel
Dubillard, Sébastien. "La chimie des éléments lourds : Une étude par des méthodes de chimie quantique relativiste." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/DUBILLARD_Sebastien_2008.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe scope of this thesis in theoretical chemistry is the study of heavy elements by relativistic quantum chemistry methods. This work is organized in two parts: the analysis of the chemical bond and the study of the excited states. The calculations presented here were carried out in the 4-component framework (Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian) using several methods: Configuration Interaction Singles and Doubles (CISD), Fock-Space Coupled Cluster (FSCC), Time-Dependant Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). These methods were applied to the study of the geometry of the actinyls (ThO2, PaO2+ et UO22+) and the heavy homologues of water (H2Te, H2Po et H2eka-Po), then to the calculation of the excited states of americyl (AmO2q+, q =2, 3 et 4) and of thorium monoxide (ThO and ThO+)
Bossé, Emilie. "Comportement des actinides dans les liquides ioniques à température ambiante." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112159.
Повний текст джерелаThe room temperature ionic liquids are potentially interesting for the treatment of nuclear fuel. But the knowledge of the behaviour of actinides in the ionic liquids is fragmented because these solvents are new, young and many. In a first time, the ionic liquids [BuMelm] [Tf₂N] and [MeBu₃N] [Tf₂N] have been studied in ⍺ and Ƴ irradiation with different atmosphere (argon and air) and concentrations of water. ESI-MS, NMR and liquid chromatography coupled ESI-MS analysis demonstrate a multitude of degradation products but in a very small quantitie. This good radiolytic stability makes it a major advantage for the studies of actinides. In a second time, the interaction between an anionic complex of uranium (UCI₆² ֿ) and the cation of the ionic liquid and too the study of the hydrolysis of An⁴໋(An= uranium, neptunium, plutonium) were conducted in different ionic liquids ([MeBu₃N] [Tf₂N], [BuMe₂Im] [Tf₂N] and [BuMelm][Tf₂N]). The experimental results showed that the intensity of these interactions between UCI₆² anion and the ionic liquid cation depends on the latter and follows the order : MeBu₃ N໋~ BuMe₂Im໋〈〈BuMeIm໋. In addition, the results obtained by UV/Vis spectroscopy showed that the reaction of hydrolysis in the ionic liquids is slow, secondary compared to the oxidation or the disproportionation and that the amount of water in ionic liquid must be relatively large compared to the concentration of actinide. The results from the coupling of different analytical techniques (NMR, mass spectrometry, UV-Visible, Infra-red, electrochemistry. . . . ) have allowed a first approach in the understanding of the actinides in the room temperature ionic liquids
Audras, Matthieu. "Caractérisation structurale de complexes d'actinides (III) et (IV) par le ligand DOTA." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20096/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe polyaminocarboxylate anions have been identified as compounds of interest in the operations of actinide separation, in actinide migration in the environment and in human radiotoxicology. The structural characterization of complexes formed between actinides and polyaminocarboxylates ligands is essential for a better understanding of actinide-ligands interactions. Among the polyaminocarboxylate anions, the DOTA ligand (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid) is described as a very strong complexing agent of the lanthanides(III), but has been little studied with actinides. The objective of this thesis is to describe the complexes formed between the actinides (III) and (IV) and the DOTA ligand, and compare them with the lanthanide complexes. For this, an approach has been introduced to characterize the complex by complementary analytical techniques (spectrophotometry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, NMR, EXAFS, electrochemistry), but also by calculations of theoretical chemistry to help the interpretation of the experimental data. The formation of a 1:1 complex is observed with the actinides(III) (plutonium and americium) as in the case of lanthanides(III): rapid formation of intermediate species which evolves slowly towards the formation of a limit complex. Within this complex, the cation is located inside the cavity formed by the ligand. Four nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms from the carboxylate functions are involved in the coordination sphere of the cation. However, differences were observed in the bond lengths formed between the cation and the nitrogen atoms (the bonds are somewhat shorter in the case of actinide complexes) as well as the complexation kinetics, which is slightly faster for the actinides(III) than for lanthanide(III) ions of equivalent radius. The same behavior was observed in solution upon complexation of actinides(IV) (uranium, plutonium and neptunium): slow formation of a 1:1 complex (actinide(IV):ligand) in wherein the cation is located inside the cavity formed by the macrocycle DOTA, although the kinetics of actinide(IV) complexation is slower than for the actinides(III) complexation. Nevertheless, the study of thorium(IV)-DOTA complexes shows differences since 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in solution are detected, and where only the carboxylate functions are involved in the coordination sphere of the cation. Finally, an initial estimate of the stability constant of the plutonium(IV)-DOTA complexes by electrochemical measurements indicates that complexes of actinide(IV) are approximately 10 orders of magnitude more stable than the complex of actinides(III), as previously observed with other polyaminocarboxylate anions
Giffaut, Éric. "Influence des ions chlorure sur la chimie des actinides. Effets de la radiolyse et de la temperature." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112259.
Повний текст джерелаMessaoudi, Nadia. "Etude d'un réacteur à neutrons rapides (RNR) dédié à l'incinération des actinides mineurs." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11011.
Повний текст джерелаBonin, Lucie. "Etude de la spéciation des actinides vis-à-vis de ligands d'intérêt pour la décorporation." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112029.
Повний текст джерелаData about the behaviour of actinides in biological media are required in order to investigate their decorporation. Those data are obtained through in vivo experiments and the study of chemical speciation of actinides within the presence of biological constituents. A part of this work consists in the development of a method leading to the determination of the speciation of actinides at the oxidation state +IV within the presence of a complexing species, as well as its structure. The method was applied to two types of ligands : 1) a constituent of blood plasma : the citrate anion. The various complexes formed were investigated and their formation constants were quantified. The coordination mode of the ligand was then clarified through a structural study of the complexes, underlining the role of only one carboxylic site and of the alcohol function. 2) chelating agents used for decorporation. The formation constants of complexes of An(IV) with NTA and DTPA were determined. The coordination number of the metallic cation in those complexes as well as the role of the nitrogen atom were proved. Lastly, the behaviour of Pu(IV) within the presence of LIHOPO was investigated. This chelating agent, more efficient than DTPA in the case of in vivo decorporation of Np, forms very stable complexes with the metallic cation. One of those complexes can be assumed to present a stoichiometry 2 :3
Gagné, Alexandre. "Métrologie des actinides basée sur l’analyse des matières fécales pour des applications dosimétriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30527/30527.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаExternal dosimetric techniques, such as portable dosimeter and Geiger-Müller counter, are largely use in the detection and interpretation of received dose by employees of the nuclear sector. However, those techniques are inefficient for characterising internal contamination, such as alpha emitters. As for the moment, the techniques used in Canada for bioassay are oriented towards urine, nasal swabs sampling and on rare occasion; blood and tissue, exceptionally fecal samples. The fecal samples offer a different and complementary approach to other bioassays due to the interaction between the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract. However, there is no official methodology for fecal analysis in Canada. For this thesis, a new methodology based on borated fusion coupled to column chromatography was developed to remedy this problem.
Lardon, François. "Synthèse et caractérisation de mésophases silice/tensioactif/ligand pour l'extraction solide-liquide des cations métalliques en phase aqueuse : Application à l'Américium (III) et à l'Europium (III)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13183.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels by solid-liquid extraction. We study in particular the use of micelle-templated mesostructured materials as a silica-based adsorbent. The key idea is to take advantage of the lipophilic properties of the immobilized surfactant to introduce inside a silica framework ligand-molecules which have affinity for actinides. The design and synthesis of such new functionalized materials and extraction experiments on aqueous solutions of americium(III) and europium(III), two elements of the spent nuclear fuel, have been done. X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have been realized. From the information obtained, a model of molecular organization, in connection with the extraction properties, is proposed
Notter, François-Paul. "Etude théorique de composés de coordination : Propriétés structurales, magnétiques et réactionnelles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/NOTTER_Francois-Paul_2008.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe contents of this thesis is plural and refers to different themes - spectroscopy, magnetism and reactivity - accessible by methods of quantum chemistry. The issues are:- « Excited states of AmO2q+ (q =2, 3 et 4) ». We compare different methods (4c-CISD, SOCASSCF/CASPT2 and 2c-DFT) to describe ground state and first excited states of americyl. - « Magnetic properties of actinide compounds ». We reproduce g-factors and effective moment of neptunyl complexes and hexahalide actinide complexes. Results are interpreted using model. - « Asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones catalyzed on chiral copper complexes ». In collaboration with experimentalists, we propose a reaction path of copper-catalyzed hydrosilylation of ketones; we establish the criteria inducing enantioselectivity
Finne, Jörgen. "Chimie des mélanges de sels fondus : application à l'extraction réductrice d' actinides et de lanthanides par un métal liquide." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066296.
Повний текст джерелаClavaguera, Sarrio Carine. "Etude théorique de composés moléculaires d'actinides : propriétés électroniques, vibrationnelles et dynamiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30049.
Повний текст джерелаTopin, Sylvain. "Etude des interactions entre les éléments transuraniens et quelques ligands environnementaux par le couplage électrophorèse capillaireSpectrométrie de masse à source plasma générée par couplage inductif." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112099.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, the capabilities of the hyphenated Capillary Electrophoresis-ICP-MS technique are used to improve the kwnowledge on the transuranic element speciation in the environment (nuclear waste management) and in the framework of spent fuel reprocessing. Essential thermodynamical data have been determined for the first time for the interactions of the plutonium at the 5+ oxydation state (main soluble species of Pu of the surface water) in inorganic media (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate). This study enables to correct the existing model, based on the thermodynamical data of the neptunium at the 5+ oxydation state (analogue of the pentavalent plutonium). Furthermore, the hyphenated CE-ICP-MS technique has also been applied to study the interactions between DTPA, widely used in the nuclear industry, and the elements at the 3+ oxydation state (Pu, Am, Cm, Cf) and at the 4+ oxydation state (Pu, Np, Th). The results show for the first time the formation of mixed An(IV)/DTPA/OH complexes likely to play a key role on the actinide behavior in the field of the waste management. The study on the trivalent elements confirms the selectivity of DTPA versus the actinide in the framework of the actinide/lanthanide separation but proves that the covalency, responsible of the selectivity, are less important than the ionicity in the binding
Wietzke, Raphaël. "Complexation des éléments par des ligands tripodes azotés : application à l'extraction sélective des actinides(III)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10223.
Повний текст джерелаCaisso, Marie. "Etude structurale de la synthèse de microsphères d’U1-xAmxO2±δ dédiées à la fabrication de couvertures chargées en américium". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT204/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the studied routes to reduce nuclear waste amount, is, after plutonium recycling, americium (Am) heterogeneous transmutation in fast neutron reactors, through the generation of short-lives and inert elements. Am irradiation requires the fabrication of U1-xAmxO2±δ pellets and the CRMP (Calcined Resin Microsphere Pelletization) process is currently considered as one the most promising candidate among other fabrication routes. It is based, before pellet sintering, on the compaction of U1-XAmXO2±δ oxide microspheres, synthetized through the thermal conversion of ion exchange resin microspheres, loaded with UO22+ and Am3+ cations. Compared to standard methods using powder metallurgy, CRMP process favours pressing step (easy microsphere flow) while limiting generation of highly radioactive Am-based fine particles. In this context, this PhD work was focused on the exhaustive characterization of CRMP process different steps, from a mechanistic and structural point of view. The cation molecular complex used in the resin was thus determined, highlighting carboxylic bidendate ligand binding around U and Am elements. Thermal conversion was also in-situ followed, and the structures of the different synthetized compounds evidenced and accurately characterized, i.e. (U1-XAmX)3O8 et U1-XAmXO2±δ. Am substitution in each of them was explained, revealing related distortions around U and Am cations. Finally, sintering of U1-XAmXO2-δ microspheres shaped into pellets was studied, showing a two-step densification. This unusual behavior corresponds to multi-scale reorganization into the material during sintering thermal treatment, associated to the presence of nanoparticles in the green pellet that sinter at low temperature
Garcia, Régis. "Contribution à la séparation actinides-lanthanides : utilisation de matériaux ionosélectifs synthétisés par empreinte ionique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10098.
Повний текст джерелаKarmazin, Lydia. "Chimie de coordination des éléments F avec des ligands donneurs mous : application à la séparation sélective actinides(III)/lanthanides(III)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10009.
Повний текст джерелаChupin, Geoffroy. "Etude de la formation en solution de clusters de plutonium (IV) en présence du ligand acétate." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/ENSCM_2022_CHUPIN.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAn(IV) clusters are multiple metallic centers molecules, were actinide atoms are linked by oxo or hydroxo groups. Those species are formed by condensation reactions with water. They are stabilized thanks to organic or inorganic ligands. If the structures of the clusters are well known at solid state, this is not the case in solution. Hexameric cluster with an octahedral shape core is the main structure detected in solution. This structure is stabilized by ligand with carboxylate functions. Information exists for Th(IV), U(IV) and Np(IV) hexanuclear in solution, but few studies are reported for Pu(IV). Thermodynamic and kinetic data on the formation and the stability of the cluster are scarce. Consequently, clusters are not taken into account for speciation diagram. The goal of this work is to study the plutonium clusters behavior in solution with a simple carboxylate ligand, acetate.In order to detect all potentially formed, plutonium with acetate species solutions were first characterized by Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. Large variations of pH and acetate concentrations were used and eight different species are identified : three aquo cations (Pu3+, Pu4+, PuO22+) and five plutonium complexes with acetate. Those five acetate complexes were characterized by coupling experimental (Vis-NIR and EXAFS spectroscopy and ESI-MS spectrometry) and theoretical approach through quantum chemistry. As a result, Pu6O4(OH)4(AcO)12(H2O)12 hexameric cluster has been identified, the missing bloc in the An(IV) series with formate, acetate ligands. The four other complexes are are attributed to plutonium acetate monomeric complexes. Species of Pu(IV) with acetate being described, their fractions in solution are evaluated and reported on a speciation diagram on the pL axis
Barbette, Frédéric. "Etude de nouveaux macrocycles pour la complexation des actinides : validation pour la purification des effluents aqueux." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS011.
Повний текст джерелаCastro, Ludovic. "Étude théorique de la structure et de la réactivité de complexes de lanthanides et d'actinides : activation de petites molécules." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1706/.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis presents a theoretical study of the structure and the reactivity of organometallic complexes of lanthanides and actinides at the DFT level. After a general introduction of the methods of theoretical chemistry used for the modelling of organometallic reactivity, a study of the participation of 5f electrons in uranium(IV) reactivity is presented. The results show that the large core ECP can be used safely in order to treat the actinide and so that 5f electrons can be treated implicitly. Then, the reactivity of uranium(III) complexes with CO2 and other analogous molecules is studied via multiple examples from the literature. These studies show that the steric nature of the ligands is very important and controls the reactivity. This study is then extended to samarium(II) complex. Eventually, the reactivity of a hydride complex of cerium(III) with MeOSO2Me is investigated and theoretical results are compared with experimental observations
Dubé, Martine. "Évaluation du risque radiologique des émetteurs alpha (actinides) dans l'environnement aqueux de Gentilly-2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27307/27307.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHervé, Alexandre. "Chimie organométallique des éléments f : vers de nouveaux développements : complexes cyanures des éléments f." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112305/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe cyanide ligand is one of the most widely used ligands in coordination chemistry of d-transition metals. The low number of cyanide complexes of lanthanides and actinides incited us to develop this field for reactivity and theoretical aspects, and also for their potentially interesting physicochemical properties. In this Ph.D., we investigated the reactivity of [An(Cot)₂] (An = Th, U ; Cot = C₈H₈²⁻) and [Mf(N*)₃]ʲ˖ (j = 0, 1; Mf = Ce, U ; N* = ⁻N(SiMe₃)₂) precursors toward the cyanide ion. The first chapter is dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of trivalent f-elements cyanide complexes [Mf(N*)₃(CN)][M], [Mf(N*)₃(CN)₂][M]₂, [Mf(N*)₂(CN)₃][M]₂ and the cyanido-bridged binuclear compounds [{Mf(N*)₃}₂(µ-CN)][M] (M = NR₄, K(18-C-6)). Crystals of the bis(cyanido) uranium and cerium complexes are not isostructural since the data revealed distinct coordination modes of the CN group, through the C or N atom to the U³˖ or Ce³˖ metal center, respectively. In chapter 2, the novel silylamide uranium(IV) precursor [U(N*)₃][BPh₄] has been isolated, and proved to be useful for the synthesis of the cationic species [{U(N*)₃}₂(µ-CN)][BPh₄] and the neutral monocyanide [Mf(N*)₃(CN)] and anionic bis(cyanide) [Mf(N*)₃(CN)₂][M] derivatives. Here again, the X-ray data reveal the uncommon N coordination mode of the CN group to the U(IV) center. This global differentiation has been analyzed using density functional theory calculations. The observed preferential coordination of the cyanide ion in Ce³˖−NC, U³˖−CN and U⁴˖−NC is corroborated by energetic considerations and by the comparison of DFT optimized geometries with the true crystal structures. Finally, the recent discovery of the first bent "uranocene" species, eg [U(Cot)₂(CN)]⁻, led us to compare the reactivity of the actinocenes [An(Cot)₂] (Th, U) in order to understand the effect of the metal electron configuration (respectively 5f² for U⁴˖ and 5f⁰ for Th⁴˖). [Th(Cot)₂] reacted with the cyanide, azide and hydride anion and distinct products, eg anionic, dianionic and binuclear complexes [Th(Cot)₂(X)][M] (X = CN⁻, N₃⁻ et M = Na(18-C-6), NBu₄), [Th(Cot)₂(CN)₂][NBu₄]₂ and [{Th(Cot)₂}₂(μ-X)][M] (X = CN⁻, H⁻ et M = Na(18-C-6), NBu₄] were isolated depending on the nature of counter ion (Na˖ vs. R₄N˖). This study which is presented in chapter 3 clearly illustrates the distinct chemical behavior of thorocene versus uranocene. All these mononuclear mono and polycyanides compounds of the f-elements might serve as valuable building blocks for the synthesis of novel clusters and coordination polymers with interesting magnetism and/or luminescence properties
Delaune, Olivier. "Technique de la cinématique inverse pour l’étude des rendements isotopiques des fragments de fission aux énergies GANIL." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2036.
Повний текст джерелаThe characteristics of the fission-products distributions result of dynamical and quantum properties of the deformation process of the fissioning nucleus. These distributions have also an interest for the conception of new nuclear power plants or for the transmutation of the nuclear wastes. Up to now, our understanding of the nuclear fission remains restricted because of experimental limitations. In particular, yields of the heavy fission products are difficult to get with precision. In this work, an innovative experimental technique is presented. It is based on the use of inverse kinematics coupled to the use of a spectrometer, in which a 238U beam at 6 or 24 A MeV impinges on light targets. Several actinides, from 238U to 250Cf, are produced by transfer or fusion reactions, with an excitation energy ranges from ten to few hundreds MeV depending on the reaction and the beam energy. The fission fragments of these actinides are detected by the VAMOS spectrometer or the LISE separator. The isotopic yields of fission products are completely measured for different fissioning systems. The neutron excess of the fragments is used to characterise the isotopic distributions. Its evolution with excitation energy gives important insights on the mechanisms of the compound-nucleus formation and its deexcitation. Neutron excess is also used to determine the multiplicity of neutrons evaporated by the fragments. The role of the proton and neutron shell effects into the formation of fission fragments is also discussed
Hiet, Julien. "Motifs structuraux dans des verres modèles pour le stockage des actinides." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454383.
Повний текст джерелаLosno, Marion. "Développement d'un microsystème séparatif sur monolithe organique pour l'analyse des radionucléides en milieu acide nitrique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066423/document.
Повний текст джерелаRadionuclides analysis is a key point for nuclear waste management and nuclear material control. Several steps of sample modification have to be carried out before measurements in order to avoid any interferences and improve measurement precision. However those different steps are long, irradiant and difficult to achieve in gloveboxes. Moreover they produce liquid and solid waste. The goal of the study is to offer a new alternative to the use of solid phase extraction column for radionuclides separation in hard nitric acid medium. The system will decrease the amount of nuclear waste due to the analysis and automatize the different steps of the analysis. A plastic device made of COC containing a micro solid phase extraction column is first designed. Stationary phase is a poly(AMA-co-EDMA) monolith synthetized in situ. Its structure is adjustable and its functionalization versatile with a high resistance to nitric acid medium. Exchange capacity is 150 mg/g of monolith for TBP and TBP/CMPO column and up to 280 mg/g of monolith in case of DAAP. Exchange coefficients are determined for U(VI), Th(IV), Eu(III) and Nd(III) for 3 different extractants (and Pu(IV) in case of TBP column). Monolith synthesis is transferred in centrifugal device and hydrodynamic behavior studied. U,Th/Eu separation was finally carried out in both classic and centrifugal microsystem on TBP column
Kadi, Yacine. "Transmutation des actinides mineurs : analyse de systemes bases sur un accelerateur de protons et validation des methodes de calcul." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11026.
Повний текст джерелаBisson, Julia. "Synthèse de nouvelles molécules polyfonctionnelles pour la séparation groupée des actinides : influence de la structure sur leurs propriétés complexantes et extractantes." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2051.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this project is to design and study new extractants for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. To decrease the long-term radiotoxicity of the waste, the GANEX process is an option to homogenously recycle actinides. All actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm) would be extracted together from a highly acidic media and separated from fission products (especially from lanthanides). In this context, fourteen new bitopic ligands constituted of a nitrogen polyaromatic unit from the dipyridyl-phenanthroline and dipyridyl-1,3,5-triazine families and functionnalized by amid groups were synthesized. Extraction studies performed with some of these ligands confirmed their interest to selectively separate actinides at different oxidation states from an aqueous solution 3M HNO3. To determine the influence of ligands’structure on cation complexation, a study in a homogenous media (MeOH/H2O) has been carried out. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry have been used to characterize the complexes stoichiometries formed with several cations (Eu3+, Nd3+, Am3+, Pu4+ and NpO2+). Stability constants, evaluated by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, confirm the selectivity of these ligands toward actinides. Lanthanides and actinides complexes have also been characterized in the solid state by infra-red spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Associated to nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and DFT calculations (Density Functional Theory), a better knowledge of their coordination mode was achieved
Brunel, Benoît. "Détermination des interactions microscopiques entre les actinides and les substances humiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112024/document.
Повний текст джерелаLarge amount of plutonium has been introduced into the environment as a result of nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear power-plant accidents. Contaminated areas, which need a particular survey, have become a very interesting place to study and understand the plutonium behaviour in the environment. Until few years ago, it was admitted that plutonium introduced into subsurface environment is relatively immobile, owing to its low solubility in ground water and strong sorption onto rocks. However, studies of contaminated areas show that humic substances, which are ubiquitous in environment, can alter the speciation of metal ion, e.g. plutonium, and thus their migration. These humic substances are major components of the natural organic matter in soil and water as well as in geological organic deposits such as lake sediments, peats and brown coals. They are complex heterogeneous mixtures of polydispersed supra-molecules formed by biochemical and chemical reactions during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains. The knowledge of the impact of humic substances on the plutonium migration is required to assess their transport in natural systems. However, due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of humic substances, there are a lot of difficulties in the description of microscopic interactions. The aim of this PhD thesis is to evaluate as precisely as possible interactions between actinides and humic substances. This work is divided in two parts: on the one hand humic substances will be separated to identify each component, on the other hand the speciation of actinides with characterized humic substances will be studied. In the first part of this study, new methods are developed to study the speciation of actinides with humic substances using two kinds of mass spectrometers: an ICP-MS and a high resolution mass spectrometer using various ionization devices (ESI, APCI, DART, APPI) in order to determine all active molecules for the complexation.In the second part, a new way of humic substances separation had been developed using an electrophoresis capillary apparatus. This efficient separation technique allows to simplify the characterisation of the complex heterogeneous mixtures without changing speciation of the chemical system.This study will lead to point out some molecules responsible for complexation of actinides by the humic substances
Kervazo, Sophie. "Computational actinide chemistry : structure, bonding and thermodynamics." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main question of this thesis is: do we have today the tools to efficiently describe the structure, the bonding and the thermodynamics of actinide systems? This broad question is answered thanks to three studies. The first two are directly applied to the plastic industry and the nuclear plant safety. The last one, more fundamental, concerns the benchmarking of newly developed theoretical approach on f-element systems.First, actinides and transition metal arene-coordinated alkyl cations have been recently proven to be efficient catalysts for ethylene polymerizations. Interestingly, thorium, uranium and zirconium alkyl cations’ catalytic activity depends on the solvent. To understand these behaviors and to confirm the tendency of these complexes to engage in unusual-arene coordination, relativistic DFT calculations combined with a characterization of the interaction thanks to the ETS-NOCV method are used. Second, in accident scenario along the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, plutonium can be released in various volatile forms (PuO2, PuO3 or PuO2(OH)2, …). The exploration of these scenarios by the use of simulations requires, among the various parameters, the knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the possibly formed elements. Our in-silico study focusses on the determination of the enthalpies of formation of the former two species for which experimental uncertainties remain, using multi-configurational relativistic wavefunction method. The last part of the thesis focusses on the benchmark of the B2-PLYP functional for f-element systems, which turns out quite accurate with respect to the experimental data and the gold-standard CCSD(T) method
Arab-Chapelet, Bénédicte. "Étude fondamentale des mécanismes réactionnels intervenant lors de la synthèse par co-conversion oxalique de composés oxyde à base d'actinides." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10147.
Повний текст джерелаAt the end of the nuclear fuel reprocessing, co-conversion by oxalic co-precipitation is one of the routes investigated to immobilize actinides in a solid compound before their subsequent recycling. The development of this process requires a good knowledge of the structure of the co-precipitated compounds. The structural resolution by single crystal X-ray diffraction of U(IV)-Ln(III) oxalates, where lanthanides simulate the actinides behaviour, led to elucidate three solid solutions characterized by an unexpected U(IV)-Ln(III) mixed site and to the constitution of a structural database decisive for the identification of actinides co-precipitated compounds. In addition, the thorough investigation of these mixed oxalates has allowed (i) to specify the solid solution domains; (ii) to underline the quantitative transfer of actinides initially in solution to the co-precipitated solid, without modification of their oxidation state; (iii) to clarify the role of monovalent cations taking part in the deficit charge compensation in the structure. Finally, these original results were extended to the An(IV)-An(III) mixtures and mixed oxalates exhibiting structures similar to those obtained for the U(IV)-Ln(III) co-precipitates, were synthesised. The existence of An(IV)-An(III) mixed site within a compound oxalate is totally original and at the basis of the original properties of the co-precipitate. Then, actinides co-precipitation allows to elaborate particularly homogeneous solid compounds with desired composition which can be advantageously used as starting materials for mixed oxides synthesis
Mouchet, Patrick. "Synthèse de polyoxydes de polyphosphines, extractants d'actinides." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20237.
Повний текст джерелаRemy, Elodie. "Etude de la synthèse de sphères d'oxydes d'actinides et/ou de lanthanides et de leur aptitude à la céramisation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20194.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of research on the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, and notably projects on transmutation of americium (Am), an innovative manufacturing process of Minor Actinides Bearing Blanket (MABB) has been developed.This process, called CRMP (Calcined Resin Microsphere Pelletization), consists in the production of mixed uranium-americium oxide pellets by a non-conventional route involving microspheres. Pellets are produced by pressing and sintering oxide precursors in the form of millimetric beads obtained by mineralization of ion exchange resin loaded with uranium and americium cations. The advantage of such a process compared to conventional powder metallurgy is to overcome the problem of the handling of very fine powders.The method was first validated and optimized for the production of ceria pellets. Then uranium dioxide pellets with tailored microstructure (dense or porous) were produced in order to reach the required specifications for MABB. In a third phase, the process has been applied to the synthesis of single-phase mixed oxide microspheres composed of U1-xCexO2±δ (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) and U0;9Am0.1O2±δ. The technical feasibility of CRMP process has been validated for the production of dense mixed oxide pellets by pressing and sintering these microspheres. A U0, 9Am0,1O2±δ pellet with homogeneous microstructure with a density equals to 95 % of theoretical density was successfully produced using CRMP process
Luchini, Coralie. "Complexation d'actinides (III, V et VI) par des ligands polyaminocarboxyliques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS328/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe behaviour of actinides in the environment (in the surroundings of uranium miningsites, waste storage or contaminated sites) depends on the interaction of these elements with theorganic ligands present in these different systems. The interactions of actinides withpolyfunctional organic ligands could trap the element or inversely, favour their migration.In this work, the behaviour of actinides (III, V and VI) in aqueous solution was studied in thepresence of two polyaminocarboxylic ligands: nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and iminodiaceticacid (IDA).The study of the complexation of pentavalent protactinium by NTA and IDA was conductedaccording to a dual approach. A thermodynamic study carried out by liquid-liquid extraction inthe system TTA/Toluene/HClO4/NaClO4/Pa(V)/ligand, with protactinium at tracer scale (C233Pa< 10−10 M), has been implemented in order to determine the stoichiometry, the mean charge ofcomplexes and the associated formation constants. A structural approach with protactiniumin weighable quantity (C231Pa≈ 10−3 M) was conducted in order to determine the coordination geometry of complexes and interatomic distances.The variations of the distribution coefficient D of Pa(V) as a function of nitrilotriacetateconcentration enabled to determine that the maximum stoichiometry for the Pa-NTA and Pa-IDA systems is 2. For the Pa-NTA system, the two successive complexes predominant in theaqueous phase are a neutral species for (1:1) complex PaO(NTA) and charge -3 for the (1:2)which may correspond to PaO(NTA) -:R. In addition, Capillary Electrophoresis InductivelyCoupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry experiments have been performed to confirm the charge (-3) for the maximum stoichiometry complex. For the Pa-IDA system, the results have shownthe successive formation of two positive complexes PaO(IDA)3+ and PaO(IDA)+2. Optimized structures of Pa-NTA and Pa-IDA complexes were established using DFT or molecular dynamics calculations.The complexation of trivalent (Am and Cf) and hexavalent (Np and Pu) actinides with IDA was performed by Capillary Electrophoresis coupled with Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry(CE-ICP-MS). The variations of overall electrophoresis mobility of actinides species as function of CIDA2 allow the determination of the formation constants of actinides IDAcomplexes. The formation constants of complexes with (1:1) stoichiometry are reported forAm(III) and Cf(III). Concerning the complexes Np(VI) and Pu(VI) with iminodiacetic acid,formation constants of (1:1) and (1:2) stoichiometry complexes were determined
Nguyen, Lé Vi. "Etudes de la chélation d'actinides (U, Pu, AM) par des ligands polyaminocarboxylate linéaires et des sidérochélates d'intérêt environnemental." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS052.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of our research endeavour aimed at developing and improving decontamination processes of wastewater containing alpha emitters, physico-chemical complexation studies of actinides (U, Pu, Am) with organic open-chain ligands such as polyaminocarboxylic acids (H4EDTA) and siderochelates (dihydroxamic acids and desferrioxamine B) have been carried out. Gaining a clear understanding of the coordination properties of the targeted actinides is an essential step towards the selection of the most appropriate chelating agents that will exhibit high uptake efficiencies. EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) measurements at the ESRF synchrotron enabled to elucidate the coordination scheme ofuranium and plutonium complexes. Solution thermodynamic investigations were intended to provide valuable information about the nature and the stability of the uranium(VI) and americium(III) complexes prevailing at a given p[H] in solution. The set of stability constants determined from potentiometric and UV-visible spectrophotometric titrations, allowed topredict the speciation of the selected actinides in presence of the aforementioned ligands and to determine the pH range required for achieving “ultimate” decontamination
Ruffray, Kévin. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de systèmes d-f hétérométalliques moléculaires et auto-assemblés." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe interactions between an f metal and its environment are studied in several fields (nuclear industry, electronics …). However, those phenomena are often misunderstood in a fundamental point of view. The interactions which are able to settle between d and f metals are partly studied, mainly in the field of magnetism. The charge transfer phenomena were however less studied, despite an increasing interest in numerous systems. This study intends to develop molecular systems which allow studying numerous physicochemical properties of d-4f and d-5f systems, along with their transposability towards coordination polymers systems exhibiting d and f mixed metallic nodes.On the molecular systems, studies focused on photo-induced charge transfer from a d metal to an f metal and on their electrochemical properties. In order to do this, it was necessary to develop several molecular reference systems based on Ru allowing the addition of a 4f or 5f metal. The molecular systems, Ru and mixed Ru-f element, were characterized. Comparative photo-physical and electrochemical studies, experimental and theoretical (DFT and TD-DFT), between the monometallic Ru and the Ru-4f and Ru-5f systems have been achieved.Coordination polymers systems have been broached to enlarge the comparative study of the d-f mixed systems to 3D compounds. To that end, the synthesis of systems containing a d metal, an f metal and a ditopic ligand (2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, DHBQ) has been studied, the aim being the controlled integration of the d metal in a well-known 4f-DHBQ polymeric structure. These studies showed that the introduction of a d metal in this type of coordination polymers is not possible in the study conditions for kinetic reasons. However, for the same kinetic reasons, the presence of the d metal during the synthesis influences in a significant way the morphology of the 4f-DHBQ compounds, opening other perspectives to these 4f systems. Thus, it is possible to use them as hard materials precursors (oxides, carbides) whose structural and microstructural aspects are controlled via structural and morphological properties of the coordination polymer
Borrini, Julien. "Séparation actinides (III) / lanthanides (III) par filtration membranaire et par extraction liquide-liquide à l'aide de complexants hydrosolubles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911664.
Повний текст джерелаHaidon, Blaise. "Synthèse de complexes d’actinides à propriétés physico-chimiques contrôlées pour la fabrication de combustibles oxyde." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10086.
Повний текст джерелаConsidering the treatment and recycling of future nuclear fuels, the oxalic conversion, which is used at an industrial scale for plutonium (IV) reprocessing, is the synthesis route considered as a reference for the future actinides oxides elaboration. In order to improve this process, based on the actinide oxalate precipitation and the calcination of the precipitate into oxide, a control of the solid properties at the precipitation step is necessary. This is particularly due to the impact of the oxalate morphology at all the stages of the process, up to the calcination at which the oxalate morphology is kept. This study deals with morphology modulations of tetravalent actinides oxalates, thorium (IV) and plutonium (IV), by addition of organic compounds in the precipitation medium. Several impacts of selected “CHON” additives were identified. The molecules, chosen among the actinides complexing and precipitating agents, can act on the crystal structure of the precipitates, the particles morphology, their size and/or their agglomeration. Solid-state analyses combined with the measurements of solubility, nucleation rates, crystal growth rates and agglomeration kernels, allow to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the morphology modulations. This work shows some differences between the behavior of thorium (IV) oxalate and plutonium (IV) oxalate systems. Their origins are discussed in the manuscript. The multidisciplinary methodology developed during this work leads to suggest how to re inforce the additives morphological impacts which can be useful in view of a transposition to other chemical systems, especially other actinides or mixed actinides oxalates
Leclercq, Amelie. "Étude du comportement et du transfert de certains actinides et d'un produit de fission dans différents compartiments naturels." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4016.
Повний текст джерелаThe behavior of certain anthropogenic radionuclides (RNs) (137Cs, 238,239+240Pu, 241Am) was studied in samples of soil, water and sediment collected in the Boreon Massif. In this non-anthropized environment, these RNs are still measurable. They come from nuclear weapon tests (238,239+240Pu and 241Am) and from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident (137Cs). Radioactive pollutions stay near the surface in these undisturbed soils. In the lake sediments, direct deposits of the radioactive fallouts are detected in depth due to the effect of sedimentation causing RNs to leave the ground surface. The transference between those two natural compartments has shown the importance of water as a transport vehicle and the prevalence of leaching compared to lixiviation. Leaching carries RNs from the drainage basin slopes, to the clearing and then to the sediment through the aqueous phase. In solid samples, RNs have a low mobility, 241Am is the most movable isotope and 137Cs the less movable. 238,239+240Pu isotopes have an intermediate behavior. Mobility rate is correlated with the contact of the solid sample with water. Thus, RN mobility is more important in sediment than in soil. Temporal evolution has not been performed despite a tentative based on Pb isotopes due to the natural environment complexity. Two approaches (sorption tests and structural analysis of spiked water and sediment by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved laser induced spectroscopy) in the laboratory have led to a better knowledge of Am behavior using Eu as an analog. In spiked water, the presence of two complexes, one inorganic Eu(OH)CO3(aq) and one organic with humic acids, has been considered. Lake sediment has an important retention capacity with a kinesis of rapid sorption predicting the low mobility of Am in this natural environment
Sala, Stéphanie. "Réduction de la radiotoxicité des déchets nucléaires à vie longue : études théoriques et stratégiques de la transmutation des actinides mineurs et des produits de fissions dans les réacteurs électronucléaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11075.
Повний текст джерелаFromager, Emmanuel. "Traitement de l'interaction spin-orbite en chimie quantique et application à la réactivité des complexes d'actinides." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30094.
Повний текст джерела