Книги з теми "Chiller analysis"

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1

Mahindru, S. N. Indian chillies. New Delhi: A. P. H. Pub. Corp., 2009.

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2

Mahindru, S. N. Indian chillies. New Delhi: A. P. H. Pub. Corp., 2009.

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3

Mahindru, S. N. Indian chillies. New Delhi: A. P. H. Pub. Corp., 2009.

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4

Hingley, Martin. Distribution of chilled dairy products: An analysis of the market for chilled dairy products in the U.K., their handling and distribution. Watford: (Institute of Grocery Distribution), 1986.

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5

O'Neill, Kathleen. Analysis of chilled water free cooling at the Perimeter Center Office Park (Atlanta, Georgia). Springfield, Va: Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1991.

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6

Meller, Patricio. The Unidad Popular and the Pinochet dictatorship: A political economy analysis. New York, N.Y: St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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7

Stephany, Ursula. A brief introduction to the CHILDES project with special reference to Greek: CHAT transcription, linkage, grammatical coding and CLAN analysis. Köln: Inst. für Linguistik, Allg. Sprachwiss., 2010.

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8

Geldenhuys, Deon. Isolated states: A comparative analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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9

Jonathan, Todres, Wojcik Mark E, and Revaz Cris R, eds. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: An analysis of treaty provisions and implications of U.S. ratification. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2006.

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10

author, Bachman Robert E., and Silva John F. author, eds. Chile earthquake of 2010: Assessment of industrial facilities around Concepción. Reston, Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016.

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11

Blanc, A. Identification de reṕonse impulsionnelle et restauration d'images: Apports de la diversite ́de phase. Chatillon [France]: ONERA, 2003.

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12

Chile earthquake and tsunami of 2010: Performance of coastal infrastructure. Reston, Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, COPRI, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Institute, 2013.

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13

Angela, Notari-Syverson, ed. Alternative approaches to assessing young children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub. Co., 2001.

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14

Ricardo de Freitas Fernandes Pontes. Cooling Towers and Chilled Water Systems: Design, Operation, and Economic Analysis. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2023.

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15

Ricardo de Freitas Fernandes Pontes. Cooling Towers and Chilled Water Systems: Design, Operation, and Economic Analysis. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2023.

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16

Wheatley, A. C. Modelling and performance analysis of a sub-dew point chilled beam in mixed mode buildings. 1999.

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17

Meller, P. Unidad Popular and the Pinochet Dictatorship: A Political Economy Analysis. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2000.

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18

Regulatory analysis for the resolution of generic issue 143: Availability of chilled water system and room cooling. Washington, DC: Division of Safety Issue Resolution, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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19

Value impact analysis of generic issue 143, "Availability of heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) and chilled water systems". Washington, DC: Division of Safety Issue Resolution, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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20

The Unidad Popular and the Pinochet Dictatorship: A Political Analysis. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.

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21

The U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child: An Analysis of Treaty Provisions And Implications of U.S. Ratification. Hotei Publishing, 2006.

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22

Rosenblatt, Fernando. A Guide for a Systematic Qualitative Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870041.003.0003.

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Анотація:
This chapter develops in detail the methodological research strategy followed in the study. It describes the connection between concepts and analysis. Most of the evidence used for assessing party vibrancy in Chile, Uruguay, and Costa Rica came from in-depth interviews with party leaders and an extensive reading of relevant primary and secondary sources on these parties’ and countries’ political and organizational histories. The chapter discusses the basic procedures used in the interview research and the relationship between unit of observation and unit of analysis. The chapter discusses in detail how each of the causal factors was assessed using the interviews, and how their presence or absence was determined, based on the qualitative evidence collected.
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23

Quinn, Riley. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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24

Quinn, Riley. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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25

The Unidad Popular and the Pinochet Dictatorship: A Political Economy Analysis. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.

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26

Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.001.0001.

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This book provides the first cross-regional study of an increasingly important form of politics: coalitional presidentialism. Drawing on original research of minority presidents in the democratizing and hybrid regimes of Armenia, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Russia, and Ukraine, it seeks to understand how presidents who lack single party legislative majorities build and manage cross-party support in legislative assemblies. It develops a framework for analysing this phenomenon, and blends data from MP surveys, detailed case studies, and wider legislative and political contexts, to analyse systematically the tools that presidents deploy to manage their coalitions. Paul Chaisty, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power focus on five key legislative, cabinet, partisan, budget, and informal (exchange of favours) tools that are utilized by minority presidents. They contend that these constitute the ‘toolbox’ for coalition management, and argue that minority presidents will act with imperfect or incomplete information to deploy the tool or tools that provide(s) the highest return of political support with the lowest expenditure of political capital. In developing this analysis, the book assembles a set of concepts, definitions, indicators, analytical frameworks, and propositions that establish the main parameters of coalitional presidentialism. In this way, Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective provides crucial insights into this mode of governance.
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27

Winkler, Ingo, and Florentine Mariele Sophie Roth. B Corp Entrepreneurs: Analysing the Motivations and Values behind Running a Social Business. Palgrave Pivot, 2018.

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28

Marcelo, Armas M. 8 Chile. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808589.003.0008.

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Анотація:
This chapter examines the law of set-off in Chile, both before and after insolvency, as well as the alternatives for contractual set-off structures that may be agreed among two or more parties. In Chile, set-off was created as a legal concept primarily on the basis of practical considerations rather than juridical principles. The right to set-off may arise due to a contractual arrangement between the parties or by the operation of law, including the Chilean Civil Code. The chapter first considers set-off in Chile outside insolvency, focusing on set-off by operation of law and contractual set-off, before discussing set-off in insolvency. In particular, it explains the implications of a declaration of liquidation under Chilean Bankruptcy Law and its possible consequences for set-off rights. It also analyses issues arising in cross-border set-off.
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29

Mileson, Stephen, and Stuart Brookes. Peasant Perceptions of Landscape. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894892.001.0001.

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This is the first book about peasant perceptions of landscape. It marks a step-change in the discipline of landscape history, as well as making a major contribution to the history of everyday life. Until now, there has been no sustained analysis of how ordinary medieval and early modern people experienced and perceived their material environment and constructed their identities in relation to the places where they lived. This book provides exactly such an analysis by examining peasant perceptions in one geographical area over the long period from AD 500 to 1650. It takes as its focus Ewelme hundred, a well-documented and archaeologically rich area of lowland vale and hilly Chiltern wood-pasture comprising fourteen ancient parishes. The analysis draws on a range of sources including legal depositions and thousands of field-names and bynames preserved in largely unpublished deeds and manorial documents. Archaeology makes a major contribution, particularly for understanding the period before 900, but more generally in reconstructing the fabric of villages and the framework for inhabitants’ spatial practices and experiences. In its focus on the way inhabitants interacted with the landscape in which they worked, prayed, and socialized, the book supplies a new history of the lives and attitudes of the bulk of the rural population who so seldom make their mark in traditional landscape analysis or documentary history.
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30

Baer, Madeline. Stemming the Tide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693152.001.0001.

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The human right to water and sanitation emerged as a rallying cry for protestors and a legal tool to challenge privatization of water services. This book explores how the right to water and sanitation is fulfilled in different contexts, whether neoliberal policies like privatization pose a threat to the right to water, and whether rights fulfillment leads to meaningful social change. It analyzes the global dynamics of water governance as well as two in-depth country case studies: Chile, the most extreme case of water privatization in the developing world, and Bolivia, the site of the “water wars” that sparked a global movement for the human right to water. An analysis of state capacity, political will, and citizen participation in the case studies reveals that the minimum standard for the right to water and sanitation can be achieved in the absence of political will, and even in a privatized setting. However, achieving this requires strong state capacity, which runs counter to neoliberal logics. Furthermore, the broader standard for the right to water and sanitation requires citizen participation, accountability, and respect for alternatives to the state/market binary. The book argues that a human rights-based approach to water policy will not necessarily lead to social transformation because of the limits of the rights frame itself and preexisting barriers in each local context. The analysis draws from and modifies an analytical framework for evaluating socioeconomic rights realization. In this way, the book builds theory on socioeconomic human rights realization and social transformation.
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31

Broderick, Céire. Colonial Legacies and Contemporary Identities in Chile. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348479.001.0001.

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This book explores traditional and contemporary concerns surrounding gender and ethnicity in Chile through a textual analysis of historical novels depicting seventeenth-century figure, Catalina de los Ríos y Lisperguer. Drawing on theories from the Global North and South, it incorporates postcolonial perspectives and decolonial feminist approaches to expose patriarchal, Eurocentric hierarchies constructed during the colonial era, which remain in Chilean society today. Through close readings, the book demonstrates that it is in the inconsistent and fluid depictions of characters that identities are deconstructed and reconstructed in ways that defy and transform social norms. This is the first extended English-language study of this infamous historical figure, who is more widely known as la Quintrala. It is also the first to compare the literary portrayals by Mercedes Valdivieso and Gustavo Frías. Looking beyond the infamy which usually shapes interpretations of la Quintrala, the author presents these novels as an embodiment of the anxieties surrounding hybridity in Chile, where European heritage has traditionally overshadowed indigenous concerns, and patriarchal norms dominate the construction of gender. Written during a period of social and political upheaval in Chile, it makes a timely contribution to existing works in social and political science, popular culture and the ongoing discussions of this iconic figure.
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32

Berg-Schlosser, Dirk. Comparative Area Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.003.0002.

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Анотація:
Area studies have undergone significant changes over the last two decades. They have been transformed from mostly descriptive accounts in the international context of the Cold War to theory-oriented and methodological analytical approaches. More recent comparative methods such as “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA) and related approaches, which are particularly suitable for medium N studies, have significantly contributed to this development. This essay discusses the epistemological background of this approach as well as recent developments. It provides two examples of current “cross area studies,” one concerned with successful democratic transformations across four regions (Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and East Asia), the other with political participation in marginalized settlements in four countries (Brazil, Chile, Ivory Coast, Kenya) in a multilevel analysis. The conclusion points to the theoretical promises of this approach and its practical-political relevance.
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33

Bank Muñoz, Carolina. Building Power from Below. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501712883.001.0001.

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Building Power from Below analyzes the success of Walmart workers in Chile. Retail and warehouse workers have achieved the seemingly unachievable. They have organized Walmart. How do we explain workers’ success in Chile, the cradle of neoliberalism, in challenging the world’s largest and most antiunion corporation? Chilean workers have spent years building grass roots organizations committed to principles of union democracy. While both retail and warehouse workers have successful unions, they have built different organizations due to their industry, workforce, and political histories. The independent retail worker unions are best characterized by what I call flexible militancy. These unions have less structural power, but have significant associational and symbolic power. While they have made notable bread and butter gains, their most notable successes have been in fighting for respect and dignity on the job. Warehouse workers by contrast have significant structural power. Their unions are best characterized by what I call strategic democracy. Their structural power has offered them the opportunity to “map production” and build strategic capacity. They have been especially successful in economic gains. While the model in Chile cannot necessarily be reproduced in different countries, we can certainly gain insights from their approaches, tactics, and strategies.
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34

Schmidt, Christian, and Benno Zabel, eds. Politik im Rechtsstaat. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845299938.

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At first sight, only the relation between politics and the rule of law is unspectacular. Current quarrels over the politization of the legal system (e.g. in Poland and Hungary) and the juridification of politics (which becomes apparent in the demand for rights) make it obvious that freedom is at stake when tensions between politics and the rule of law run high. This volume analyses from a perspective that unites multiple disciplines’ tendencies towards politization and juridification along with the ideologies that accompany them. It combines theoretical and historical essays with the presentation of current conflicts in Chile, Hungary, Poland and Germany.
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35

Posner, Paul W., Viviana Patroni, and Jean François Mayer. Labor Politics in Latin America. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400455.001.0001.

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Labor Politics in Latin America assesses the capacity of working-class organizations to represent and advance working people’s demands in the era of globalization and neoliberalism, in which capital has reasserted its power on a global scale. The book’s premise is that the longer-term sustainability of development strategies for the region is largely connected to the capacity of working-class organizations to secure a fairer distribution of the gains from growth through labor legislation reform. Its analysis suggests the need to take into consideration the wider structural changes that reconfigured the political maps of the countries examined (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela), for example, globalization and its impact on democratic transformation in the region, operating within longer time frames. It is precisely this wider structural analysis and historical narrative that allows the book’s case studies to show that, even in the uncovering of substantial variation, what becomes evident in the study of Latin America over the last three decades is the overwhelming reality that for most workers in the region, labor reform—or the lack thereof —in essence increased precarity and informality and weakened labor movements.
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36

Roniger, Luis, Leonardo Senkman, Saúl Sosnowski, and Mario Sznajder. Exile, Diaspora, and Return. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693961.001.0001.

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This book explores how Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay have been affected by postexilic relocations, transnational migrant displacements, and diasporas. It provides a systematic analysis of the formation of exile communities and diaspora politics, the politics of return, and the agenda of democratization in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, focusing on the impact of intellectuals, academics, activists, and public figures who had experienced exile on the reconstitution and transformation of their societies following democratization. Readers are offered a kaleidoscope of intellectual itineraries, debates, and contributions held in the public domain by individuals who confronted and fought authoritarian rule. The book covers their contributions to the restructuring and transformation of scientific disciplines and of the humanities and the arts, as well as their collective institutional impact on higher education, science and technology, and public institutions. Bringing together sociopolitical, cultural, and policy analysis with the testimonies of dozens of intellectuals, academics, political activists, and policymakers, the book addresses the impact of exile on people’s lives and on their fractured experiences, the debates and prospects of return, the challenges of dis-exile and postexilic trends, and, finally, the ways in which those who experienced exile impacted democratized institutions, public culture, and discourse. It also follows some crucial shifts in the frontiers of citizenship, moving analysis to transnational connections and permanent diasporas, including the diasporas of knowledge that increasingly changed the very meaning of being national and transnational, while connecting those countries to the global arena.
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37

Jung, Berenike. The Invisibilities of Political Torture. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474436991.001.0001.

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In this book, I analyse how torture committed during the War in Iraq and under the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile was documented and dramatised across a range of material, including photographs, nonfiction films and television series. Beyond addressing the representational ethics of such images, my work explores affect as critical mode. I demonstrate how some audiovisual texts succeed in making emotional and collective consequences of torture experientially available to the audience, thereby expanding epistemological approaches towards torture to include such long-term and seemingly ‘invisible’ repercussions.
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38

Luis, Roniger. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693961.003.0009.

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Анотація:
This book has explored how the transformed cultural domains of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay have been affected by postexilic relocations and transnational migrant displacements. By analyzing the role, work, public standing, and institutional insertion of those intellectuals, cultural, and political actors, and by incorporating their direct testimonial statements, the book drew attention to the relevance of studying postauthoritarian developments through the lens of individual and collective participation in public life. It empirically documented the impact of many intellectuals, academics, artists, and political and social activists who left primarily due to political circumstances and the different trajectories they followed. The analysis also stressed the development of the new diasporas as bridges, reflecting the irreversibility of historical events that opened these societies, at varying degrees, to global forces and networks to an extent unknown in the not-too-distant past.
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39

Course, Magnus. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036477.003.0001.

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Анотація:
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's focus. This book explores the ways rural Mapuche people in one part of southern Chile create social relations, and are in turn themselves products of such relations. The different forms of social relations may be referred to as “modes of sociality,” a deliberately vague term that goes beyond “kinship” to include the symbolic value of all kinds of relations: those between kin, those between nonkin, those between persons and animals, and those between persons and spirits. This analysis of the Mapuche person and its concomitant modes of sociality allows for a reconceptualization, not only of the major social events of rural Mapuche life, but also of the nature of social aggregates or groups and the role they play in the rapidly changing relations Mapuche people have with the Chilean state.
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40

M, Moorwood A. F., and European Southern Observatory, eds. Science with the VLT in the ELT era. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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41

Luis, Roniger. Exile and Postexile in Analytical Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693961.003.0001.

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Анотація:
This chapter explains the logic of the selection of Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay as the focus of analysis on exile, diaspora, and return, indicating the puzzling divergence of their paths from authoritarian rule into democratization. Against the background of regional closeness and cooperation, cycles of authoritarian dictatorships, and varied workings of democracy, we explore the role of key intellectual and political figures affecting the distinctive paths of the new and restored democracies. The chapter also positions this work as maintaining an analytical/theoretical and empirical dialogue with several interrelated corpuses of research in the humanities and social sciences; namely, the chapter addresses issues dealing with exile, expatriation, and forced migration; diaspora and transnationalism; processes of political transition, transitional justice, and cultural transformation; and the construction and reconstruction of collective identities, including hybrid identities. Finally, the chapter provides readers with a road map to the remaining chapters of the book.
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42

Coletta, Michela. Decadent Modernity. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941312.001.0001.

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Анотація:
How did Latin Americans represent their own countries as modern? By treating modernity as a ubiquitous category in which ideas of progress and decadence are far from being mutually exclusive, this book explores how different groups of intellectuals, between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, drew from European sociological and medical theories to produce a series of cultural representations based on notions of degeneration. Through a comparative analysis of three country case studies − Argentina, Uruguay and Chile − the book investigates four themes that were central to definitions of Latin American modernity at the turn of the century: race and the nation, the search for the autochthonous, education, and aesthetic values. It takes a transnational approach to show how civilisational constructs were adopted and adapted in a postcolonial context where cultural modernism foreshadowed economic modernisation. In doing this, this work sheds new light on the complex discursive negotiations through which the idea of ‘Latin America’ became gradually established in the region.
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43

Graham, Coop, and Seif Isabella. Part II Investor-State Arbitration in the Energy Sector, 10 ECT and States’ Right to Regulate. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0010.

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Анотація:
This chapter explores the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and states' right to regulate. The stability of a host state's regulatory framework is of prime importance for foreign investors, particularly in the energy sector. Changes in the host state's regulatory framework (for example, the reduction or removal of subsidies, or imposition or increase of taxes) can cause harm to the investment. Looking at concluded ECT cases, this chapter analyzes how tribunals have balanced states' substantive obligations to foreign investors under the ECT against their sovereign right to regulate within their own territory. In this context, the chapter touches upon recent cases in the renewable energy sector and discusses the extent to which investment protection under the ECT may lead to a so-called ‘regulatory chill’.
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44

Rosenblatt, Fernando. Chile. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870041.003.0004.

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This chapter analyzes the major Chilean political parties: PSCh, DC, RN, UDI, and PPD. Chile has had stable parties for an extended period, and some of its parties have had long trajectories. Since the 2000s, the country has witnessed a process of party decay. The UDI is the only party where, at the time of fieldwork, all causal factors were observed, and it was also the only vibrant party. The chapter highlights the waning effect of Trauma, shows the potential trade-off between Trauma and Channels of Ambition, and illustrates the deleterious effect of the absence of Purpose for the reproduction of party vibrancy. Also, as other scholars have shown, the Chilean institutional setting, before the electoral reforms of 2015, demonstrates the negative effect of high Exit Barriers on party vibrancy. Finally, the chapter closes with a discussion of events circa 2015–2016 that have accelerated the process of organizational decay.
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45

Zapata-Román, Gabriela. The role of skills and tasks in changing employment trends and income inequality in Chile. 48th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/986-0.

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Using decomposition methods, we analyse the role of the changing nature of work in explaining changes in employment, wage inequality, and job polarization in Chile from 1992 to 2017. Changes in occupational structure confirm a displacement of workers from low-skill occupations towards jobs demanding non-routine higher skills (professionals and technicians), and to jobs demanding routine manual and cognitive tasks (services and sales). Changes in occupational earnings have had an equalizing effect, with more substantial gains in favour of lower-skill occupations and also at the top of the skill premium. Inequality reductions since the 2000s are explained by a fall in earnings in the top percentiles of the distribution, which have been reallocated most noticeably around the median (2000–06) and the bottom 30 per cent (2006–17). Changes in the returns to education and the relocation of workers towards less-routine occupations have contributed to the inequality reduction.
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46

Soto, Elizabeth Ramírez. Traveling Memories. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039683.003.0011.

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This chapter examines recent homecoming films as documents informed by experiences of exile in the context of postdictatorial Chile. It analyzes three first-person documentaries by second-generation women directors who were born or grew up in exile: En algún lugar del cielo (Somewhere in Heaven) (Alejandra Carmona, 2003); El edificio de los chilenos (The Chilean Building) (Macarena Aguiló, co-directed by Susana Foxley, 2010); and El eco de las canciones (The Echo of Songs) (Antonia Rossi, 2010). Using the notion of “traveling memories,” the chapter considers these women directors' cinematic construction of childhood memories, which are deeply entangled with the experience of growing up in an environment marked by political displacement. It shows that these directors' memories of displaced childhood are of a deeply affective nature and are often conveyed through the deployment of abundant archival materials (family pictures, home movies, letters, and drawings), the significant use of the traveling shot, as well as the elaboration of sophisticated reenactment sequences.
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47

Penna, Caetano C. R., and Vanderléia Radaelli. Upgrading Institutional Capacities in Innovation Policy in Chile: Choices, Design, and Assessments. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003815.

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Innovation is crucial for development. A set of institutional capacities and coordinated actions between the public and private sectors are required to drive large mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs) to address priority issues and set a direction for the path of development. This work identifies what restrictions exist in institutional and policy capacities that hinder the design and implementation of MOPs in Chile. This work is based on a case study design. The study analyzes the design and implementation of two strategic programs for innovation and development in the solar energy and mining sectors. The study showed that the capacities of the programs analyzed were evident in the construction of a shared vision and the identification of innovation-led solutions for the development of the two sectors, but the lack of leadership from the government hinders the implementation of the programs, particularly because of the lack of coordination between government agencies and ministries for budget allocation and strategy definition.
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48

Loxton, James. Conservative Party-Building in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197537527.001.0001.

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Where do strong conservative parties come from? While there is a growing scholarly awareness about the importance of such parties for democratic stability, much less is known about their origins. In this groundbreaking book, James Loxton takes up this question by examining new conservative parties formed in Latin America between 1978 and 2010. The most successful cases, he finds, shared a surprising characteristic: they had deep roots in former dictatorships. Through a comparative analysis of failed and successful cases in Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, and Guatemala, Loxton argues that this was not a coincidence. The successes inherited a range of resources from outgoing authoritarian regimes that, paradoxically, gave them an advantage in democratic competition. He also highlights the role of intense counterrevolutionary struggle as a source of party cohesion. In addition to making an empirical contribution to the study of the Latin American right and a theoretical contribution to the study of party-building, Loxton advances our understanding of the worldwide phenomenon of “authoritarian successor parties”—parties that emerge from authoritarian regimes, but that operate after a transition to democracy. A major work, Conservative Party-Building in Latin America will reshape our understanding of politics in contemporary Latin America and the realities of democratic transitions everywhere.
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49

Abebe, Adem, Anna Dziedzic, Asanga Welikala, Erin C. Houlihan, Joelle Grogan, Kimana Zulueta-Fülscher, Thibaut Noël, and Zaid Al-Ali. Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2020. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.102.

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International IDEA’s Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2020 provides a retrospective account of constitutional reform processes around the world and from a comparative perspective, and their implications for national and international politics. This eighth edition covers events in 2020 and includes chapters on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and emergency legal frameworks on constitutionalism and constitution-building worldwide; the impact of the pandemic on attempted executive aggrandizement in Central African Republic, Hungary and Sri Lanka; the impact of the pandemic on peace- and constitution-building processes in Libya, Syria and Yemen; gender equality in constitution-building and peace processes, with a particular focus on Chile and Zimbabwe; constitutional amendments to enhance the recognition of customary law in Samoa and Tonga; and the establishment, functioning and outputs of the French Citizens’ Convention for Climate. Writing at the mid-way point between the instant reactions of the blogosphere and academic analyses that follow several years later, the authors provide accounts of ongoing political transitions, the major constitutional issues they give rise to, and the implications of these processes for democracy, the rule of law and peace.
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50

Della Porta, Donatella, Lorenzo Cini, and César Guzmán-Concha. Contesting Higher Education. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208627.001.0001.

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This close investigation of student protests represents the first comparative review of the subject. Setting the wave of demonstrations within the contexts of student activism, social issues, and political movements, the book casts new light on their impact on higher education and on the broader society. The book begins with an overview of the analysis of transformation in higher education (HE) policies and student politics, linking them to research on the policy outcomes of social movements. HE policies have been shaped by various waves of student mobilization. Students have often been important actors in contentious politics, mobilizing on all main cleavages in society and often stimulating spin-off movements, as well as affecting institutional politics at large. Student protests are therefore affected by public policies at least as much as they affect them. The book focuses on these complex interactions, aiming at understanding the development of student protests within neoliberal universities. It explores four episodes of student contestation over HE reforms, which have recently taken place in Chile, Quebec, England, and Italy. In light of the findings, the book reflects on the impacts of neoliberal policies in contentious politics and point at the relevance of coalitions for a sustained impact of mobilization campaigns. The discussion also points toward the student movements' effects in terms of empowerment, the triggering of spill-over movements, and transformations in electoral and party politics. Offering sophisticated new theoretical arguments based on fascinating empirical work, the insights and conclusions revealed in this study are of value to anyone with an interest in social, political, and related studies.
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