Статті в журналах: "Child athletes"

1

Martín Martínez Estupiñan, Lázaro. "Analysis of Rehabilitation and Reentry to Sport in Child Athletes." Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma Care 4, no. 3 (April 5, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2694-0248/031.

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Introduction: The protection of the athlete's health is paramount, the decision to return to practice depends on each particular case, it is a process where there is a lack of consensus, and requests for priorities in the investigation. Purpose. It is intended to analyze the results of rehabilitation and re-entry of injured child athletes. Method: A longitudinal, prospective and quasi-experimental study was carried out. We carry out educational and medical intervention in the experimental group, which consists of the application of the system of actions for the prevention of sports injuries in the child athlete. For the investigation, theoretical and empirical research methods were used, using two study groups. A systematic and detailed bibliographic review on the subject was carried out. In order to evaluate the rehabilitation and re-entry conditions of osteomyoarticular injuries in the child athlete. Results: Child athletes are frequently injured around the age of 13 without significant differences with respect to the study groups, with males being more frequently injured, there are multiple actors in medical care regarding rehabilitation, and however, a large number of child athletes return to training sport. Conclusions: The success of any academic program, including athletic training, depends on attracting and retaining quality students, rehabilitation is critical, and re-entry is part of it.

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Cameron, Nadine, Lynne McPherson, Prue Atkins, Matthew Nicholson, and Maureen Long. "Child Athletes and Athletic Objectification." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 41, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723517705544.

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This article examines the risks associated with conceptualizing the child athlete’s body primarily in aesthetic terms and as an instrument of sporting victory, and develops a concept of “athletic objectification.” It draws on a recent research project involving Australian males and females aged between 18 and 25 who participated in organized sport as children. It identifies socially prevalent beliefs and values to which the athletic objectification of children may be partially attributed. These include the orthodoxy that sport is inherently good for children’s development, and the particular valorization of sporting success and gendered expectations that characterize Western society. It concludes with the argument that serving children’s best interests in sport requires that their broader psychosocial needs are given priority above the short-term development of their athletic capacity.

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Moran, Ryan N., Mason Haller, Melanie Louis, J. Russell Guin, and Jeff Allen. "Level of Agreement Between Child and Parent Reporting on the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5)." Journal of Athletic Training 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0629.22.

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Context The Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, fifth edition (SCAT5), remains the consensus instrument for concussion evaluation in youth athletes. Both child and parent are recommended to complete the athlete background and symptom reporting. Objective To determine the level of agreement between child and parent medical history and symptom reporting and quantify their performance on the Child SCAT5 in male football athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college football facility. Patients or Other Participants A total of 157 youth male football athletes (age = 10.7 ± 1.3 years) participating in a university-sanctioned youth football camp and their parent or legal guardian. Main Outcome Measure(s) Youth athletes and their parent completed the athlete background (demographics, diagnosed medical history) and symptom evaluation (symptom items, total number of symptoms, and symptom severity score) of the Child SCAT5 and were instructed not to discuss reporting with each other during testing. Cronbach α tests were conducted to determine the internal consistency, and descriptive statistics determined the level of agreement between medical history, symptom reporting, and baseline performance. Results The internal consistency of the symptom items was high for both child (Cronbach α = 0.91) and parent (α = 0.92). Agreement on medical history ranged from 67% (learning disability or dyslexia) to 85% (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), with 82% agreement on sustaining a previous concussion. Fourteen youth athletes reported having been hospitalized for a head injury, with zero matched parent confirmations. Individual symptom agreement ranged from 70.7% (gets distracted easily) to 94.9% (going to faint). Agreement was 35% on total number of symptoms and severity. Abnormal scoring ranged from 2% (going to faint) to 25% (headache) for child and 2% (double vision) to 28% (gets distracted easily) for parent reporting. Conclusions Fair agreement was shown between children and their parent on medical history and self-reported symptoms on the Child SCAT5 at baseline. When available, child and parent reporting should be used for concussion assessment and clinical decision-making.

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4

Kersey, Robert D., and Chris Koutures. "Child Athletes." Athletic Therapy Today 9, no. 6 (November 2004): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.9.6.42.

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Aditya, Ronal Surya, Qory Tifani Rahmatika, Fitriana Kurniasari Solikhah, Reem Iafi AlMutairi, Abdullah Saleh Alruwaili, Erlina Suci Astuti, and Rizki Fadila. "Mental Toughness May Have an Impact on Athlete’s Performance: Systematic Review." Retos 56 (April 26, 2024): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103768.

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Psychological health spans several domains, including mental health and quality of life. Mental Toughness is the most widely used but its understanding is limited when applied in sports psychology. Mental Toughness can affect athlete’s performance, Mental Toughness plays an important role in maintaining overall athlete performance during intense matches. The total number of articles obtained at the beginning of the search matched the keywords that has been set is 33 articles. Furthermore, of the remaining 12 articles were identified after an extensive search of the literature in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines, there were four articles included in the exclusion criteria with details, two articles included in the qualitative articles, one article was a duplicate article, and one article was a case study article after a critical appraisal was carried out. The results of a systematic review on twelve articles, the authors found an effect of mental toughness on improving athlete performance. Each of the results found resulted in three major themes, namely: (1) the relationship between mental toughness, mindfulness, and psychological skills in athletes. (2) factors impact athletes' performance, well-being, and ability to handle challenges in sports. (3) the influence of various demographic and educational factors on mental toughness in athletes. The study emphasizes Mental Toughness's impact on both physical performance and mental health in athletes, highlighting its role in managing stress and pressure during sports challenges. Additionally, it underlines the importance of implementing Mental Toughness and mindfulness training programs, along with providing robust psychological support, to enhance athletes' mental strength and overall well-being in sports. Keywords: Adolescent, Child, Mindfulness, Quality of Life, Athletic Performance, Athletes, Anxiety.

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6

Nash, H. L. "ELITE CHILD ATHLETES." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-198801000-00078.

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7

Gleaves, Thomas, and Melanie Lang. "Kicking “No-Touch” Discourses Into Touch: Athletes’ Parents’ Constructions of Appropriate Coach–Child Athlete Physical Contact." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 41, no. 3 (April 28, 2017): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723517705543.

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It has been suggested that sport is increasingly becoming a “no-touch zone” as some coaches, driven by a desire for self-protection, restrict their use of physical contact with (child) athletes in the belief that this reduces their risk of being accused of abuse. Research on coach–athlete physical contact is limited, however, and no studies have yet explored how athletes’ parents understand such behaviors. This article reports on a study that investigates athletes’ parents’ perspectives of appropriate coach–child athlete physical contact within youth swimming. Parents constructed physical contact as necessary and legitimate in three specific contexts and drew on children’s rights principles to rationalize this. This article discusses the significance of this and explores the benefits of adopting child-centered coaching practices.

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8

Rowland, Thomas. "Morphologic Features of the “Athlete’s Heart” in Children: A Contemporary Review." Pediatric Exercise Science 28, no. 3 (August 2016): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2015-0239.

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Recognizing the cardiac features of athletically trained children bears importance for health care providers and exercise physiologists alike. This literature review reveals that ventricular enlargement and/or hypertrophy are commonly observed in studies of pre- and early-adolescent endurance athletes, yet the magnitude of these features is less than that described in adult athletes. Moreover, the upper range of values in child athletes is sufficiently small that clinical confusion with findings mimicking those in individuals with heart disease should not be expected to occur. In contrast to sex differences in the “athlete’s heart” in adults, cardiac structural findings in child athletes are similar in males and females. The extent that cardiac features observed in trained child athletes reflect a response to training or are influenced by genetic preselection remains uncertain.

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9

Mountjoy, Margo, Celia Brackenridge, Malia Arrington, Cheri Blauwet, Andrea Carska-Sheppard, Kari Fasting, Sandra Kirby, et al. "International Olympic Committee consensus statement: harassment and abuse (non-accidental violence) in sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 17 (April 26, 2016): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096121.

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Despite the well-recognised benefits of sport, there are also negative influences on athlete health, well-being and integrity caused by non-accidental violence through harassment and abuse. All athletes have a right to engage in ‘safe sport’, defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, equitable and free from all forms of non-accidental violence to athletes. Yet, these issues represent a blind spot for many sport organisations through fear of reputational damage, ignorance, silence or collusion. This consensus statement extends the 2007 IOC Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport, presenting additional evidence of several other types of harassment and abuse—psychological, physical and neglect. All ages and types of athletes are susceptible to these problems but science confirms that elite, disabled, child and lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans-sexual (LGBT) athletes are at highest risk, that psychological abuse is at the core of all other forms and that athletes can also be perpetrators. Harassment and abuse arise from prejudices expressed through power differences. Perpetrators use a range of interpersonal mechanisms including contact, non-contact/verbal, cyber-based, negligence, bullying and hazing. Attention is paid to the particular risks facing child athletes, athletes with a disability and LGBT athletes. Impacts on the individual athlete and the organisation are discussed. Sport stakeholders are encouraged to consider the wider social parameters of these issues, including cultures of secrecy and deference that too often facilitate abuse, rather than focusing simply on psychopathological causes. The promotion of safe sport is an urgent task and part of the broader international imperative for good governance in sport. A systematic multiagency approach to prevention is most effective, involving athletes, entourage members, sport managers, medical and therapeutic practitioners, educators and criminal justice agencies. Structural and cultural remedies, as well as practical recommendations, are suggested for sport organisations, athletes, sports medicine and allied disciplines, sport scientists and researchers. The successful prevention and eradication of abuse and harassment against athletes rests on the effectiveness of leadership by the major international and national sport organisations.

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Szathmári, Attila. "‘I wouldn't do anything differently ... Although I won't let my child go in that direction’ Successful Hungarian Olympians’ understandings and experiences at the close of elite sport careers." Vezetéstudomány - Budapest Management Review 52, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/veztud.2021.05.06.

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Whilst the relationship between sport-related success and its effect on the identity of athletes has been acknowledged, less attention has been paid to understanding this relationship from the perspective of the individual. Elite sport follows the logic of individualism, competitiveness, and productivity, while elite athlete performance is depicted as being a remedy for society’s ills by empowering control over health and serving as a good example for future generations. This dualism is reflected in the viewpoints of elite athletes: in their experiences, reflections, and memories. The aim of this paper is to formally examine through Hungarian elite athletes’ experiences how elite sport is related to components of the athletic identity and their potential impact on individual sustainability. Results show (1) how essential the role of coaching is in elite athletes’ careers, (2) how sport is seen as a protective shield, indicating the importance of life-long career planning, and (3) that there is cognitive dissonance regarding the identity of elite athletes.

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Griffin, Amanada, and Viswanath Unnithan. "Overtraining in child athletes." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 3, no. 2 (April 1999): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-8592(99)80028-x.

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12

Sarmiento, Kelly, Zoe Donnell, Elizabeth Bell, Bethany Tennant, and Rosanne Hoffman. "A qualitative study of barriers and opportunities for concussion communication and management among parents of youth sports athletes." Journal of Concussion 3 (January 2019): 205970021986186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059700219861863.

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Background Concussion, a commonly reported injury among young athletes, can lead to short- and long-term physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep-related symptoms. Parents are in a unique position to help identify a possible concussion and to support an athlete’s recovery. Methods This qualitative study used a focus group methodology to explore five research questions focused on two main topics: (1) parents’ perception of concussion and (2) parent–athlete communication. Two authors independently reviewed notes from each of the focus groups and then generated a list of emerging themes related to five research questions. Results Parents in this study valued and were interested in discussing concussion with their athletes. However, parents were uncertain about their role in promoting concussion safety and often rely on coaches to communicate with athletes about concussion reporting and recovery. Participants described barriers their athletes may face in concussion reporting and suggested strategies to improve communication about both reporting and recovery. Conclusion Concussion education efforts may benefit from promoting specific actions parents can take to prevent concussion and how to communicate effectively with their child about reporting a possible concussion.

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13

Kerr, Gretchen, Erin Willson, and Ashley Stirling. "“It Was the Worst Time in My Life”: The Effects of Emotionally Abusive Coaching on Female Canadian National Team Athletes." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 28, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2019-0054.

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This study sought to explore the long-term effects of emotionally abusive coaching on female athletes. Although the long-term effects of childhood emotional abuse are well-documented in the child abuse literature, this question has not been explored empirically in the domain of sport, an environment in which emotionally abusive coaching practices are known to be common. In various prevalence studies of athlete maltreatment in sport internationally, emotional abuse is the most frequently experienced form and yet the long-term implications of these experiences are not well-understood. This study involved interviews of eight retired, elite, female Canadian National Team members. The findings revealed that athletes reportedly experienced different effects depending on whether they were in their competitive careers, in the retirement transition, or in post-transition life. All of the athletes required professional psychological assistance to help them recover from their emotionally abusive experiences; for some, this process continued for six years post-retirement. The effects described by the athletes resembled the symptoms associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder suggesting an important line of future research. Until coaching practices become abuse-free, these findings also indicate a clear need for the provision of psychological supports and resources for athletes during and post-athletic career.

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14

Wood, B. "Stressed Knees in Child Athletes." AAP Grand Rounds 16, no. 2 (August 1, 2006): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.16-2-18.

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15

Williams, J. G. P. "Musculoskeletal injuries in child athletes." BMJ 309, no. 6950 (July 30, 1994): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6950.341.

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Gomes Viana-Meireles, Livia, Juliana Aparecida De Oliveira Camilo, Hiago Veras Gomes, Livian Valéria Oliveira da Silva, Eline Sousa Paz, Diego Cardoso Rodrigues, and Domingo Palacios-Ceña. "The experience of pregnancy and motherhood in the career of Brazilian’s sportswomen: a qualitative study." Retos 52 (January 15, 2024): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.102254.

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Motherhood is a period there is a deconstruction of one identity and reconstruction of another, including changes in self-concept, commitment, and learning. For athletes who become mothers, these changes also occur and impact in their career. We aim to describe the experience of being pregnant for a group of Brazilian athletes, understanding the impact of maternity on the career and the postpartum for these women. A qualitative descriptive and exploratory study was conducted followed the guideline Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). We are using the semi-structured interviews with nine Brazilian athletes all of whom were professional athletes at the time they became pregnant. Maximum Variation Sampling and the snowball technique were used. The analysis was done using Iramuteq software, which performed Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC) and Similarity Analysis. The nine athletes had a mean age of 38.3 years (SD: 5.5 years), from different levels and sports, and all had at least one child. We identified 488 text segments, which resulted in two branches, divided into five classes: History in sport (class 2); Pregnancy planning and immediate postpartum (class 5); reconciling the routines of athlete and mother (class 3); Social support narrative (class 4); Childcare (class 1). The findings indicate that athletes can have emotional ga ins in reconcile motherhood with their sports careers to the extent that they have social support, relative planning to become pregnant, and reconcile their athletic routine with baby care. Keywords: Athletes; Pregnancy; Maternity, Sportswoman; Qualitative research; Career transition; Iramuteq.

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Nesterova, Anastasia S., and Sergey V. Barbashov. "Comparative Analysis of Methods for Assessing the Level of Puberty in Sports Practice." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 10 (October 25, 2023): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2023.10.14.

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Puberty is an inevitable stage of child-athlete development, this process is accompanied by morphological, physiological and psychological changes in the body of children. The article presents the research discourse of domestic and foreign research sources on the ways of determining biological age based on the dynamic pro-cesses of puberty. Scientists confirm the necessity of taking this factor into account in planning and adjusting the training process, but in practice it almost does not happen due to the lack of simple and accessible ways to assess the level of biological maturation of young athletes, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of multi-year training process. The principles of the organization of the latter are still focused on the actual age of athletes. Relevant information on methodological approaches to determining the real physical state of the child's organism will allow coaches to more adequately influence the adaptation of the athlete's body to training loads.

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Ermilova, Anna V. "Modeling the maturation process of high performance-oriented child athletes." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 9, no. 4 (December 14, 2023): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2023-4-406-417.

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The article considers the problem of growing up of individuals in the sports field of activity aimed at achieving high sports results. Based on the theoretical developments of researchers N. V. Veselkova and E. V. Pryamikova, aimed at identifying the social nature of maturation competence, as well as the author's sociological study «Longevity in high-performance sports», carried out by the method of questionnaire survey of high-class athletes (n=400 people, the sample "snowball"), theoretical and applied research of modeling the maturation process of child athletes aspiring to become high-performance athletes was carried out. Modeling of the process of maturation of this category of population was carried out in two directions: first, the influence of external conditions on the process of maturation - the environment in which the individual is formed; circumstances in which the individual is forced to be and their perception; subjects surrounding the personality and their direct influence on it. Secondly, the influence of internal characteristics of the individual - internal qualities, personality traits, the dominant of which is the ability to cognize oneself, which allowed us to form an internal and external model of growing up. The external model of growing up in the sphere of sport is characterized by a high level of social influence on the subject, contributing to the formation of social thinking in young athletes. The internal model of maturation develops the subjectivity of young athletes to a greater extent, which is facilitated by the process of goal-setting of actions, a high level of responsibility to society for the achieved result. The aggregate of the actor's subjectivity and his social thinking form the internal-external model of actors' maturation in the sports sphere of activity, which allowed the athlete to achieve a high level of sports results.

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Register-Mihalik, Johna K., Richelle M. Williams, Stephen W. Marshall, Laura A. Linnan, Jason P. Mihalik, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, and Tamara C. Valovich McLeod. "Demographic, Parental, and Personal Factors and Youth Athletes' Concussion-Related Knowledge and Beliefs." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-223-17.

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Context: Currently, significant attention is focused on improving care for patients with concussions through legislative mandates that include educational interventions. Few researchers have examined young athletes' concussion knowledge and the factors that may influence their knowledge. Objective: To use the socioecological model to examine demographic, parental, and personal factors associated with youth athletes' knowledge of concussion. Our ultimate goal is to inform the planning and implementation of youth sport concussion-related interventions. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Gymnasium and classroom. Patients or Other Participants: North Carolina and Arizona youth athletes (n = 225; age = 8 to 15 years) active in football, boys' or girls' soccer, boys' or girls' ice hockey, or boys' or girls' lacrosse in 2012–2013. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed a validated, self-administered survey. The intention and belief measures were guided by the theory of planned behavior. Perceptions of concussion and intention to seek care were examined using descriptive statistics. Athletes' concussion knowledge was modeled using linear regressions and generalized estimating equations, with child demographic and personal factors and parental knowledge and attitudes about concussion as predictors. Results: Geography, sport, parental attitudes toward concussion, and athlete age were associated with athlete knowledge in the univariable analyses (P < .10). In the multivariable model, geographic location (North Carolina versus Arizona, mean difference [MD] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 3.2), sport (girls' soccer versus girls' lacrosse, MD = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.7, 3.6), more favorable parental attitudes toward concussion (MD = 1.2 for a 2-standard deviation shift; 95% CI = 0.3, 2.1), and older age (>12 years, MD = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.5, 2.6) were associated with better knowledge about concussion. Conclusions: Geographic location, sport, parental attitudes about concussion, and athlete's age influenced athletes' concussion-related perceptions, indicating the need to address multiple levels of the socioecological model when targeting youth sport interventions. Parental interventions that translate to an improved culture of youth sport by improving youth athletes' perceptions and experiences are key areas for future work.

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Perrault, Helene M., and Rene A. Turcotte. "Do athletes have “the athlete heart?”." Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 2, no. 2 (March 1993): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1058-9813(93)90017-t.

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Betsch, Marcel, Thimm Furian, Valentin Quack, Björn Rath, Michael Wild, and Walter Rapp. "Effects of Athletic Training on the Spinal Curvature in Child Athletes." Research in Sports Medicine 23, no. 2 (February 11, 2015): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2015.1005297.

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Llorente-Cantarero, Francisco, Laura Palomino-Fernández, and Mercedes Gil-Campos. "Nutrition for the Young Athlete." Journal of Child Science 08, no. 01 (January 2018): e90-e98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669382.

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AbstractChild athletes require a healthy and balanced nutrition according to the type and intensity of the sport activity. This review aims to provide integrated and updated information to establish adequate nutritional guidelines for these children, essentially avoiding deficiencies or unbalances that can be harmful for their health. A lack of vitamins and minerals can affect their health especially at long term and depending on the type of sport and age of the child. The diet must be controlled without any nutritional supplements. It is also important to know which nutrients can improve performance of the child athlete during both training and competition. In conclusion, the contribution of macro- and micronutrients to the diet, together with an adequate hydration according to the energy expenditure must be controlled for child athletes to ensure a good status of health.

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Rowland, Thomas. "Fluid Replacement Requirements for Child Athletes." Sports Medicine 41, no. 4 (April 2011): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11584320-000000000-00000.

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Hong, Fan. "Innocence Lost: Child Athletes in China." Sport in Society 7, no. 3 (September 2004): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1743043042000291677.

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Blackett, Piers R., and Edward R. Eichner. "Child and Adolescent Athletes With Diabetes." Physician and Sportsmedicine 16, no. 3 (March 1988): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1988.11709459.

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Emery, Helen M. "CONSIDERATIONS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT ATHLETES." Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 22, no. 3 (August 1996): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70284-2.

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Jankowski, C. M. "Fluid Replacement Requirements for Child Athletes." Yearbook of Sports Medicine 2012 (January 2012): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yspm.2011.08.002.

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Rylova, N. V., A. S. Samoylov, A. V. Zholinsky, and I. V. Bolshakov. "Actual aspects of sports nutrition in children." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 66, no. 5 (December 9, 2021): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-5-240-245.

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The article highlights the modern problems of nutrition for junior athletes. The authors outline the role of the nutritional plan as an integral part of sports training, as well as a factor in the healthy growth and development of a young athlete. They describe the features of the nutritional status of athletes. The article notes the need for educational programs in the field of balanced nutrition, the use of nutritional supplements and sports products among junior athletes.

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MacPherson, Ellen, Anthony Battaglia, Gretchen Kerr, Sophie Wensel, Sarah McGee, Aalaya Milne, Francesca Principe, and Erin Willson. "Evaluation of Publicly Accessible Child Protection in Sport Education and Reporting Initiatives." Social Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070310.

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Despite sport being a vehicle through which youth may achieve positive developmental outcomes, maltreatment in the youth sport context remains a significant concern. With increased athlete advocacy and research demonstrating the high prevalence of maltreatment in sport, and the urgent need to address it, many international organisations have created child protection in sport initiatives. Of particular focus to athletes and researchers is the provision of evidence-based comprehensive education and independent reporting mechanisms for athletes who experience harm. The current study examined the extent to which the publicly accessible information provided by three sport-specific child protection organisations regarding education and reporting is aligned with recommendations provided by researchers and athletes. With regard to education, the findings highlight accessibility, programming for various stakeholders, and coverage of topics of interest (e.g., forms of harm and reporting processes). However, educational information about equity, diversity, and inclusion and information on how to foster positive environments in sport was lacking. For reporting mechanisms, results showed that each organisation’s approach to receiving reports of maltreatment varied, including their ability to directly intake, investigate, and sanction instances of maltreatment. The findings are interpreted and critiqued considering previous literature and recommendations for future research and practice are suggested.

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Khan, Md Shahid. "Patterns of Blood Pressure of Young Sports Persons of Dinajpur BKSP." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 16, no. 3 (June 9, 2017): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i3.32870.

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Objectives: Hypertension (HTN)/ high blood pressure (BP) is the most common cardiovascular condition affecting athletes. It is one of the critical challenges to care of a young athlete with high BP readings. For young competitive athletes, BP measurement should be performed during the pre-participation physical examination (PPE). BP has a significant influence of the physiological response to exercise. For child and adolescent athletes, an annual PPE is recommended by Sports medicine organizations. The aim of the study was to observe the patterns of present BP of the young sports persons of Dinajpur BKSP, Bangladesh.Materials and methods: This study was cross-sectional with convenient sampling technique and BP was measured by Auscultatory method.Results and Discussion: The results Showed no significant difference in diastolic BP among the young sports person of Dinajpur BKSP. A slight high systolic BP was observed only in one cricket student (130 mm Hg) which might be needed further investigation.Conclusion: Detecting high BP early will improve a childs health. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce or prevent the harmful consequences of this disease. For young athletes, BP should be measured annually to maintain their resting heart rate in normal limit for fitness.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.439-442

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Ronkainen, Noora Johanna, and Violetta Oblinger-Peters. "Life in elite sport." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 072. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss072.

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Empirical research which aims to investigate elite sport from a holistic perspective (Magnusson & Stattin, 2006; Wylleman, 2019) is necessary to inform the ethical discussions surrounding issues such as performance and optimization. This symposium, therefore, intends to capture the complex trajectories of athlete’s lived experience from multiple angles and disciplines within the area of sport science. Starting from a psychological understanding, Philip Röthlin will introduce the prevalence of mental health disorders among Swiss elite athletes along with relevant contributing factors such as need satisfaction and organizational support. Colm Hickey will unearth how professional elite athletes are affected by abuse disguised as jokes in their daily lives from a sociological perspective. Helena Hlasová will explore retirement from elite sport through the lens of Dialogical Self Theory (Hermans & Kempen, 1993) and uncover the implicit ways in which elite athletes may or may not engage in “identity work” while transitioning out of their careers. Finally, Violetta Oblinger-Peters will present on how Olympic athletes find and create personal meaning(s) in their sport and discuss how the scientific concept translates into tangible support for athletes. Overall, the symposium intends to generate transferable knowledge of athletes’ lived reality in elite sport. References Hermans, H. J. M., & Kempen, H. J. G. (1993). The dialogical self: Meaning as movement. Academic Press. Magnusson, D., & Stattin, H. (2006). The person in context: A holistic-interactionistic approach. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 400–464). Wiley. Wylleman, P., Reints, A., & De Knop, P. (2013). A developmental and holistic perspective on athletic career development. In P. Sotiriadou & V. De Bosscher (Eds.), Managing high performance sport (pp. 159–182). Routledge.

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Dahab, Katherine, Morgan N. Potter, Aaron Provance, Jay Albright, and David R. Howell. "Sport Specialization, Club Sport Participation, Quality of Life, and Injury History Among High School Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-361-18.

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Context Many factors can affect the injury risk and quality of life among high school athletes. Early sport specialization and club sport participation may be components to consider when assessing the injury risk and quality of life. Objective To investigate patient-reported quality-of-life and injury-history measures among adolescent athletes at different sport-specialization levels and to compare these measures between those who did and those who did not report participating in club sports. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting High school athletic facility. Patients or Other Participants High school student athletes 13 to 18 years of age were recruited and tested during their annual preseason athletic physical examinations. Main Outcome Measure(s) Our primary grouping variables were sport-specialization level (classified as low, moderate, or high) and club sport participation (organized sport outside of traditional school athletics). Our outcome variables were the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Profile-37 rating, Severity Measure for Depression–Child score, and injury history. Results A total of 97 individuals participated (mean age = 15.2 ± 1.1 years; 38% female). Relatively similar proportions of individuals reported participating at each level of sport specialization (low = 34%, moderate = 40%, high = 26%). Forty-six (48%) participants stated they participated in club sports. No differences were evident in quality of life (P values = .15–.92 across domains), depression (P = .60), or injury history (P > .70) among the specialization groups. Those who described participating in club sports had a higher proportion of time-loss musculoskeletal injuries (63% versus 29%; P = .002) and of injuries requiring imaging, injection, a cast, a brace, or crutches (72% versus 46%; P = .013) than those who did not. Conclusions Although no injury-history differences were found among the sport-specialization groups, a higher proportion of club sport athletes than nonclub sport athletes reported a history of injury. Club sports are generally seen as more competitive, and the higher number of injuries seen in this setting could be related to a higher level of play among club sport athletes.

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Dyment, Paul G. "Steroids: Breakfast of Champions." Pediatrics In Review 12, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.12.4.103.

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Anabolic steroids (called "steroids" hereafter) have been used to enhance performance by athletes for almost three decades. Initially, they were used because of their ability to increase muscle size ("bulk-up") and were popular with football players who needed to increase their size and weight to compete successfully for line positions on a football team. Despite early scientific reports that steroids increased neither strength nor athletic performance, their use became widespread among nationally competitive athletes. Competition fosters all sorts of practices designed to enhance athletic performance. Many of them are valueless, including the widespread practice of taking amino acid supplements to build muscle size and strength. At least, however, amino acid supplements are harmless; the side effects of steroids can be fatal. The initial reports indicating that steroids were not performance-enhancing were controlled studies using average athletes in whom continuing weight-training during the period of study caused an increase in strength regardless of whether or not steroids were being taken.1 These studies were then repeated on elite athletes, who were already at their peak strength and in whom further weight-training merely kept their strength performance stable; these athletes did increase their muscle strength in response to steroids.2 There is no evidence that steroids increase aerobic capacity or endurance, however.

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Ivanova, Anna, Nikolay Ryzhkin та Yulia Savchenko. "The influence of biotechnologies, information and communication technologies on the formation of a healthy lifestyle among studentsу". E3S Web of Conferences 431 (2023): 09015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343109015.

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This paper reflects the results of determining the impact of biotechnologies, information and communication technologies on the results in amateur and professional sports. The paper discusses the main issues of the impact of the achievements of biotechnology and information technology on the practice of sports, as well as their prevalence. Students involved both in groups of general physical training and in sports sections participated in the experiment. Among the participants of the study were both amateur athletes and athletes with sports categories and titles. The study was divided into areas: the prevalence and impact of sports trackers among athletes; biotechnological approach to monitoring and tracking the biological indicators of an athlete; systems for the formation of training programs based on the processing of biological indicators by neural networks. The main ways of using information and communication technologies and biotechnologies in sports were identified by studying current trends in amateur and professional approaches to playing sports: digital systems for fixing sports results, a biotechnological approach to monitoring and tracking an athlete’s biological indicators, systems for creating training programs based on processing biological indicators by neural networks. The influence of the combination of the above directions and factors on amateur and professional approaches to physical culture and sports is considered.

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35

Park, Jae Ock. "Nutrition requirements in child and adolescent athletes." Korean Journal of Pediatrics 52, no. 12 (2009): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2009.52.12.1327.

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36

Unnithan, Viswanath B., Alexander Beaumont, Thomas Rowland, Keith George, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Rachel N. Lord, Andisheh Bakhshi, and David Oxborough. "Left Ventricular Responses during Exercise in Highly Trained Youth Athletes: Echocardiographic Insights on Function and Adaptation." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9120438.

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There is an increase in the prevalence of elite youth sports academies, whose sole aim is to develop future elite athletes. This involves the exposure of the child and adolescent athlete to high-volume training during a period of volatile growth. The large amount of data in this area has been garnered from the resting echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) evaluation of the youth athlete; while this can provide some insight on the functional adaptations to training, it is unable to elucidate a comprehensive overview of the function of the youth athletes’ LV during exercise. Consequently, there is a need to interrogate the LV responses in-exercise. This review outlines the feasibility and functional insight of capturing global indices of LV function (Stroke Index-SVIndex and Cardiac Index-QIndex), systolic and diastolic markers, and cardiac strain during submaximal and maximal exercise. Larger SVI and QI were noted in these highly trained young athletes compared to recreationally active peers during submaximal and maximal exercise. The mechanistic insights suggest that there are minimal functional systolic adaptions during exercise compared to their recreationally active peers. Diastolic function was superior during exercise in these young athletes, and this appears to be underpinned by enhanced determinants of pre-load.

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Tyurin, I. N., A. G. Kuzmin, L. V. Komisaruk, and S. Sh Tashpulatov. "E-textile touch button placement with a help–request function for smart sportswear." E3S Web of Conferences 431 (2023): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343106017.

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Due to the high risk of injury to an athlete during sports training, the diagnostic and monitoring functions of sportswear are among the most potentially demanded. The article is devoted to the investigation of optimal topographic areas for a textile touch button placement with a help–request function. A touch button is part of a flexible printed circuit board that is integrated into the structure of highly functional, tight-fitting sportswear. It was determined that the button should be placed so that an athlete takes the minimum amount of time to move and press the button. In this paper, the minimum values of the modulus of a vector of the athlete's hand movement when pressing a touch button after a sudden deterioration of the athlete's health were determined. The study was carried out by measuring the trajectory lengths in dynamic postures that constitute the phase schemes of falls on the example of athletes performing plyometric jumping, walking, and running, as well as in static positions.

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Atmanegara, Reinaldy, and Rahmawati Zulfiningrum. "COMMUNICATION STRATEGY TO INCREASE ACHIEVEMENT INDONESIAN TAEKWONDO ATHLETES." Journal Acta Diurna 19, no. 2 (December 3, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.actadiurna.2023.19.2.7922.

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Taekwondo trainers have indirectly become role models for athletes, their habits, methods, traits and motivation in training greatly determine the character and success of athletes, effective and efficient two-way communication is an important factor that coaches must master. The role of the trainer is also important in the Indonesian Taekwondo National Training Center so that it can improve the quality and achievement of Indonesian Taekwondo National Training athletes. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with interviews with key objects, namely athletes and coaches of the Indonesian Taekwondo National Training Center. The results of this study are that the trainers of the National Taekwondo National Training Center apply persuasive communication strategies to athletes to form good personal relationships between coaches and athletes. Coaches and athletes must have effective communication skills in order to help each other in solving a problem and provide mutual support. In a process of forming effective communication, support from both parties must be well established. Inhibiting factors that affect communication are the athlete's self-problems, facilities, lack of interaction from junior athletes. Supporting factors are openness, motivation, discipline and support.

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Christino, Melissa A., Ryan P. Coene, Madeline O’Neil, Mary Daley, Kathryn A. Williams, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Dennis E. Kramer, and Andrea Stracciolini. "SPORT SPECIALIZATION, ATHLETIC IDENTITY, AND COPING STRATEGIES IN YOUNG ATHLETES." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (July 1, 2021): 2325967121S0011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00111.

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Background: Child and adolescent sports participation continues to rise, often with specialization in a single sport at an early age. Psychological associations with sport specialization have been reported, although targeted research is lacking. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sport specialization, levels of athletic identity, and coping skills among adolescent athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of sports medicine patients, 12-18 years, was performed. Athletes completed a one-time, voluntary, anonymous survey. Surveys included demographics, sport participation information, Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS,10-item, range 7-70), Jayanthi Sport Specialization Scale (range 0-6), and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI, 7 subscales, range 0-84). Statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact tests, t-tests, Pearson correlations, and linear regression. Results: 334 out of 430 eligible patients completed surveys, with a response rate of 78%. Mean age was 15.0±1.8 years and participants were 64.6% female. 97.7% of participants designated participation in a primary sport, where they spent most of their time. Athletes reported starting this primary sport at a mean age of 7.2±3.7 years. Using the Jayanthi scale, 52.1% of respondents were classified as low specialization (score 0-3) and 47.9% as highly specialized (score 4-6). Sport specialization patterns did not significantly differ by age, sex, or sport. AIMS and Jayanthi scores positively correlated (r=0.39, p<0.0001), and athletes with the highest athletic identities (top 25%) were significantly more specialized than those with the weakest (bottom 25%) athletic identities (4.1 vs 2.5, p<0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that every 1 point increase in the Jayanthi specialization scale was associated with an AIMS score increase of 2.7 points (p<0.001). The AIMS score also increased 0.83 points for every one month increase in playing their primary sport (p<0.001), and decreased 0.42 points with each year delay in starting their primary sport (p=0.02). Highly specialized athletes had significantly higher overall coping skills scores compared to low specialization athletes (51.6 vs 48.4, p<0.02), particularly on ACSI subscales of Coachability, Concentration, Confidence & Achievement Motivation, and Goal Setting & Mental Preparation (Table 1), however highly specialized athletes reported less Freedom From Worry compared to those with less specialization (5.8 vs 6.7, p=0.02). Conclusion: Athletic identity was higher in athletes who were more specialized and started their primary sport earlier in life. Greater sport specialization may confer some advantages in developing coping strategies in young athletes, however these athletes may be at risk for more worry compared to less specialized athletes. [Table: see text]

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40

L., J. F. "EFFECTS OF EARLY INTENSIVE SPORTS TRAINING." Pediatrics 92, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.4.617.

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It has been suggested that the intensive training of athletes from a young age could be bad for the developing body—a good reason not to screen for potential champions too young. However, that idea has been firmly repudiated by one of the biggest studies of young athletes ever carried out. In the study, known as the Training of Young Athletes (TOYA), a sample of 453 British children aged between 8 and 12, both athletes and non-athletes, were followed for five years to measure the effects of sport on the developing body. . . ."There is no evidence that athletic activity affects physical development," says Nicola Muffulli, an orthopaedic surgeon who ran and analysed the F1 million programme, funded by the Sports Council. "This contradicts some predictions from the US," he adds. American scientists had quoted studies of forced exercise by laboratory animals to suggest that children could be injured more easily. "But the outcome of our study clearly means that elite sports participation does not mean you run a higher risk of being injured," says Muffulli.

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Robinson, Suzanne, Jessica L. Fraser-Thomas, Robert Balogh, Yona Lunsky, and Jonathan A. Weiss. "Individual and Contextual Correlates of Frequently Involved Special Olympics Athletes." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 123, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-123.2.164.

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Abstract It is important to understand factors associated with sport participation for youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). With a sample of 414 Special Olympics (SO) athletes, this study examined how frequently involved athletes differ from other youth who are less involved in SO. Results showed that frequently involved athletes are older, have more sport-specific parental support, stronger athlete-coach relationships, and more positive SO experiences than other athletes. These factors were predictive of SO involvement, even after controlling for athlete characteristics, including behavior problems and adaptive behavior. Athletes with IDD have the potential to be highly involved in sports when external supports (i.e., coaches and parents) are strong.

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OuRant, Robert H., Robert A. Pendergrast, Carolyn Seymore, Gregory L. Gaillard, and Josh Donner. "Athletic injuries among high school athletes." Journal of Adolescent Health 12, no. 2 (March 1991): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-0070(91)90462-u.

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Squire, D. L. "Female Athletes." Pediatrics in Review 9, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.9-6-183.

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Cleary, Shannon, Victoria Chi, and Ronald Feinstein. "Female athletes." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 30, no. 6 (December 2018): 874–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mop.0000000000000700.

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45

Rylova, N. V., A. S. Samoilov, A. V. Zholinsky, and I. V. Bolshakov. "Evaluation of free and bound carnitine in young athletes." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 68, no. 5 (November 15, 2023): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-5-61-64.

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The study of the characteristics of carnitine metabolism in representatives of certain sports makes it possible to study the effect of physical loads of various nature on the body of a young athlete, and also makes it possible to assess the competitive potential and predict the tolerance of long-term and intense loads. Purpose. This study is to investigate the characteristics of carnitine metabolism in young athletes of various specializations. Material and methods. The study included athletes aged 14 to 18 who had been engaged in intense physical exercise for at least 12 hours per week forthe past 12 months or more. The control group consisted of healthy children aged 14 to 18 who were not involved in sports. In the blood serum of all study participants, the concentration of free carnitine, acetylcarnitine and acylcarnitines was determined. Based on the data obtained, ratios were calculated reflecting the activity of lipid beta-oxidation enzymes. Results. We found that the content of free carnitine in the representatives of all the studied groups was within the normal range. At the same time, the level of free carnitine in the blood of athletes involved in field hockey was significantly lower than that of athletes-swimmers and representatives of the control group (p<0.001). It was also studied that, compared with athletes-swimmers and the control group, athletes-hockey players have significantly higher functional activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (p<0.05) and lipid beta-oxidation enzymes (p<0.001). Conclusion. In our work we have demonstrated that athletes involved in team sports (field hockey) have a more pronounced shift towards fatty acid oxidation compared to aerobic sports (swimming). A possible reason for the identified changes may be a more significant effect of alternating aerobic and anaerobic loads on lipid metabolism compared to exclusively aerobic activity.

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Carl, Rebecca. "Healthy Weight Practices for Child and Adolescent Athletes." Pediatric Annals 48, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): e286-e289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20190617-02.

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Nash, Heyward L. "Elite Child-Athletes: How Much Does Victory Cost?" Physician and Sportsmedicine 15, no. 8 (August 1987): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1987.11702062.

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LITTLE, LINDA. "Injured Ballet Dancers Are Often Forgotten Child Athletes." Family Practice News 35, no. 14 (July 2005): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(05)71059-8.

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Rowland, Thomas W., Brian C. Delaney, and Steven F. Siconolfi. "'Athlete's Heart' in Prepubertal Children." Pediatrics 79, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 800–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.5.800.

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Bradycardia, cardiomegaly, heart murmurs, and ECG changes are typically observed in adult endurance athletes, but frequency of such changes among children involved in sports training is unclear. Pediatricians need to be aware of whether these features of the " athlete's heart" occur in their patients, because such features may mimic those of cardiac disease. Fourteen prepubertal competitive male swimmers were evaluated by physical examination, ECG and echocardiogram, and findings were compared to those of a group of active but nontrained control boys. Lower resting heart rates and echocardiographic manifestations of chronic left ventricular volume overload were observed among the swimmers. These changes were not manifest on physical examination, however, and no significant ECG alterations were identified among the athletes. These findings indicate that, although features of the athlete's heart are present in children involved in endurance training, seldom will these findings simulate heart disease or be apparent on routine clinical examination.

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Molchanova, Anastasiya A. "SPORTS IDENTITY AS CONDITION FOR CONSERVATION OF SUSTAINABLE MOTIVATION FOR SPORTS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education, no. 4 (2023): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2023-4-159-173.

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Systematic sports activities create a special variant of the social situation of the development, include children from an early age in the community of “athletes”. During active sports, there is a change in the child’s lifestyle and quite often, a change of leading activity. Sports activities assume the early inclusion of the child in the competitive environment, as well as the dominance of achievement motivation. Young athletes devote a lot of time and energy to training. In that respect, an important role is played by the process of formation of such a personal characteristic of a child as “sports identity”, which is formed already at the primary school age. In the course of an empirical study, it was shown that the level of sports identity is directly proportional to the duration of sports activities. Children involved in active sports are satisfied with their lives, environment and current events in the same way as their age peers who are not engaged in sports activities. Along with it, a high level of sports identity contributes to maintaining a stable motivation to continue to go in for sports. Therefore, the formation of sports identity in athlete’s childhood is a necessary condition for creating motivation to be included in the community “athletes” in the long term, which, of course, also becomes a separate task for parents, coaches, sports and age psychologists.

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