Статті в журналах: "Chemical looping technology"

1

Fan, Liang-Shih, Liang Zeng, and Siwei Luo. "Chemical-looping technology platform." AIChE Journal 61, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.14695.

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2

Luo, Siwei, Liang Zeng, and Liang-Shih Fan. "Chemical Looping Technology: Oxygen Carrier Characteristics." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 6, no. 1 (July 24, 2015): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060713-040334.

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3

Bayham, Samuel C., Andrew Tong, Mandar Kathe, and Liang-Shih Fan. "Chemical looping technology for energy and chemical production." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 5, no. 2 (April 21, 2015): 216–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wene.173.

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4

Poelman, Hilde, and Vladimir V. Galvita. "Intensification of Chemical Looping Processes by Catalyst Assistance and Combination." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020266.

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Анотація:

Chemical looping can be considered a technology platform, which refers to one common basic concept that can be used for various applications. Compared with a traditional catalytic process, the chemical looping concept allows fuels’ conversion and products’ separation without extra processes. In addition, the chemical looping technology has another major advantage: combinability, which enables the integration of different reactions into one process, leading to intensification. This review collects various important state-of-the-art examples, such as integration of chemical looping and catalytic processes. Hereby, we demonstrate that chemical looping can in principle be implemented for any catalytic reaction or at least assist in existing processes, provided that the targeted functional group is transferrable by means of suitable carriers.

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5

Gao, Xiao Ning, Hui Min Xue, Yuan Li, and Xue Feng Yin. "Comparison of Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling and Chemical-Looping Combustion Technology Reaction Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2261.

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In order to reduce the emission of CO2and control the global greenhouse effect, the paper introduces and compares two new technologies named chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) that are both high-efficient and clean. Through comparative analysis, CLC has been widely studied because of its direct separation of CO2, reduction loss of the heat, improvement of energy efficiency and avoiding of the generation of fuel type NOxin the combustion process. Besides the current research for metal oxygen carrier, there are some scholars find various non-metal oxygen carriers that have the better performance in CLC. But the study on reactors of CLC is still not mature, especially the solid fuel reactor, which is different from CLOU. In a certain sense, CLOU is an improved technology based CLC, besides the bove advantages, it also can react with coal directly. Many scholars use coal as fuel in the fluidized bed by the technology of CLOU, and the results of them are feasible. So from this perspective, CLOU technology has more broad prospects than CLC in the China.

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6

De Vos, Yoran, Marijke Jacobs, Pascal Van Der Voort, Isabel Van Driessche, Frans Snijkers, and An Verberckmoes. "Development of Stable Oxygen Carrier Materials for Chemical Looping Processes—A Review." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080926.

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This review aims to give more understanding of the selection and development of oxygen carrier materials for chemical looping. Chemical looping, a rising star in chemical technologies, is capable of low CO2 emissions with applications in the production of energy and chemicals. A key issue in the further development of chemical looping processes and its introduction to the industry is the selection and further development of an appropriate oxygen carrier (OC) material. This solid oxygen carrier material supplies the stoichiometric oxygen needed for the various chemical processes. Its reactivity, cost, toxicity, thermal stability, attrition resistance, and chemical stability are critical selection criteria for developing suitable oxygen carrier materials. To develop oxygen carriers with optimal properties and long-term stability, one must consider the employed reactor configuration and the aim of the chemical looping process, as well as the thermodynamic properties of the active phases, their interaction with the used support material, long-term stability, internal ionic migration, and the advantages and limits of the employed synthesis methods. This review, therefore, aims to give more understanding into all aforementioned aspects to facilitate further research and development of chemical looping technology.

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7

Bhoje, Rutuja, Ganesh R. Kale, Nitin Labhsetwar, and Sonali Borkhade. "Chemical Looping Combustion of Methane: A Technology Development View." Journal of Energy 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/949408.

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Methane is a reliable and an abundantly available energy source occurring in nature as natural gas, biogas, landfill gas, and so forth. Clean energy generation using methane can be accomplished by using chemical looping combustion. This theoretical study for chemical looping combustion of methane was done to consider some key technology development points to help the process engineer choose the right oxygen carrier and process conditions. Combined maximum product (H2O + CO2) generation, weight of the oxygen carrier, net enthalpy of CLC process, byproduct formation, CO2emission from the air reactor, and net energy obtainable per unit weight (gram) of oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion can be important parameters for CLC operation. Carbon formed in the fuel reactor was oxidised in the air reactor and that increased the net energy obtainable from the CLC process but resulted in CO2emission from the air reactor. Use of CaSO4as oxygen carrier generated maximum energy (−5.3657 kJ, 800°C) per gram of oxygen carrier used in the CLC process and was found to be the best oxygen carrier for methane CLC. Such a model study can be useful to identify the potential oxygen carriers for different fuel CLC systems.

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8

Carpenter, Chris. "Chemical-Looping Combustion: An Emerging Carbon-Capture Technology." Journal of Petroleum Technology 68, no. 07 (July 1, 2016): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0716-0085-jpt.

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9

Miao, Zhenwu, Enchen Jiang, and Zhifeng Hu. "Review of agglomeration in biomass chemical looping technology." Fuel 309 (February 2022): 122199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122199.

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10

Luo, Ming, Yang Yi, Shuzhong Wang, Zhuliang Wang, Min Du, Jianfeng Pan, and Qian Wang. "Review of hydrogen production using chemical-looping technology." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81 (January 2018): 3186–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.007.

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11

Noorman, Sander, Martin van Sint Annaland, and Kuipers. "Packed Bed Reactor Technology for Chemical-Looping Combustion." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46, no. 12 (June 2007): 4212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie061178i.

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12

Veser, Götz, and Christoph Rüdiger Müller. "Chemical Looping for Energy Technology: A Special Issue." Energy Technology 4, no. 10 (October 2016): 1127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600593.

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13

Tian, Jiaxin, JiaYu Hu, Kai Wang, Jian Deng, and Guangsheng Luo. "A chemical looping technology for the synthesis of 2,2′-dibenzothiazole disulfide." Green Chemistry 22, no. 9 (2020): 2778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00260g.

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14

Czakiert, Tomasz, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Anna Zylka, and Wojciech Nowak. "Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 20, 2022): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041563.

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Анотація:

The current development of chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology is presented in this paper. This technique of energy conversion enables burning of hydrocarbon fuels with dramatically reduced CO2 emission into the atmosphere, since the inherent separation of carbon dioxide takes place directly in a combustion unit. In the beginning, the general idea of the CLC process is described, which takes advantage of solids (so-called oxygen carriers) being able to transport oxygen between combustion air and burning fuel. The main groups of oxygen carriers (OC) are characterized and compared, which are Fe-, Mn-, Cu-, Ni-, and Co-based materials. Moreover, different constructions of reactors tailored to perform the CLC process are described, including fluidized-bed reactors, swing reactors, and rotary reactors. The whole systems are based on the chemical looping concept, such as syngas CLC (SG-CLC), in situ Gasification CLC (iG-CLC), chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU), and chemical looping reforming (CLR), are discussed as well. Finally, a comparison with other pro-CCS (carbon capture and storage) technologies is provided.

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15

Nguyen, Nhut Minh, Falah Alobaid, Paul Dieringer, and Bernd Epple. "Biomass-Based Chemical Looping Gasification: Overview and Recent Developments." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 7069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157069.

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Biomass has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels. Many researchers have carried out intensive research work on biomass gasification to evaluate its performance and feasibility to produce high-quality syngas. However, the process remains the problem of tar formation and low efficiency. Recently, novel approaches were developed for biomass utilization. Chemical looping gasification is considered a suitable pathway to produce valuable products from biomass among biomass conversion processes. This review paper provides a significant body of knowledge on the recent developments of the biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The effects of process parameters have been discussed to provide important insights into the development of novel technology based on chemical looping. The state-of-the-art experimental and simulation/modeling studies and their fundamental assumptions are described in detail. In conclusion, the review paper highlights current research trends, identifying research gaps and opportunities for future applications of biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The study aims to assist in understanding biomass-based chemical looping gasification and its development through recent research.

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16

Cloete, Schalk, Antonio Giuffrida, Matteo Romano, Paolo Chiesa, Mehdi Pishahang, and Yngve Larring. "Integration of chemical looping oxygen production and chemical looping combustion in integrated gasification combined cycles." Fuel 220 (May 2018): 725–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.048.

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17

Nandy, Anirban, Chanchal Loha, Sai Gu, Pinaki Sarkar, Malay K. Karmakar, and Pradip K. Chatterjee. "Present status and overview of Chemical Looping Combustion technology." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 59 (June 2016): 597–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.003.

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18

Fan, Liang-Shih, and Fanxing Li. "Chemical Looping Technology and Its Fossil Energy Conversion Applications." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 21 (November 3, 2010): 10200–10211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie1005542.

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19

Fang, He, Li Haibin, and Zhao Zengli. "Advancements in Development of Chemical-Looping Combustion: A Review." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/710515.

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Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology with inherent separation of greenhouseCO2. Extensive research has been performed on CLC in the last decade with respect to oxygen carrier development, reaction kinetics, reactor design, system efficiencies, and prototype testing. Transition metal oxides, such as Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn oxides, were reported as reactive species in the oxygen carrier particles. Ni-based oxygen carriers exhibited the best reactivity and stability during multiredox cycles. The performance of the oxygen carriers can be improved by changing preparation method or by making mixedoxides. The CLC has been demonstrated successfully in continuously operated prototype reactors based on interconnected fluidized-bed system in the size range of 0.3–50 kW. High fuel conversion rates and almost 100% CO2capture efficiencies were obtained. The CLC system with two interconnected fluidized-bed reactors was considered the most suitable reactor design. Development of oxygen carriers with excellent reactivity and stability is still one of the challenges for CLC in the near future. Experiences of building and operating the large-scale CLC systems are needed before this technology is used commercially. Chemical-looping reforming (CLR) and chemical-looping hydrogen (CLH) are novel chemical-looping techniques to produce synthesis gas and hydrogen deserving more attention and research.

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20

Miccio, F., R. Bendoni, A. Piancastelli, V. Medri, and E. Landi. "Geopolymer composites for chemical looping combustion." Fuel 225 (August 2018): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.153.

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21

Venkata Siva Naga Sai, Goli, Rajat C Pundlik, P. Venkateswara Rao, and Ganesh R Kale. "Chemical looping combustion of biomass for renewable & non- CO2 emissions energy- status and review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.1 (March 5, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.1.9872.

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Анотація:

World depends on fossil fuel combustion for thermal energy generation. Fossil fuel combustion leads to the generation of CO2 and extinction of non-renewable resources. To meet the future energy demands replacement of existing technologies should take place in the view of large quantities of GHG’s emissions from fossil fuels and their extinction. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is primarily a combustion technique with an inherent separation of CO2 from the flue gases. Due to its advantage of negativeCO2 emissions, chemical looping combustion got attention of many researchers since last one and half decade. Recent research advancements in the CLC provided a platform for further research and developments in chemical looping combustion of biomass. This paper reviewsthe CLC of biomass to present the overview of chemical looping combustion technology and its status of biomass utilization as a fuel in CLC reactors.

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22

Lyngfelt, Anders. "Chemical Looping Combustion: Status and Development Challenges." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 8 (June 25, 2020): 9077–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01454.

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23

Rydén, Magnus, Anders Lyngfelt, and Tobias Mattisson. "Chemical-Looping Combustion and Chemical-Looping Reforming in a Circulating Fluidized-Bed Reactor Using Ni-Based Oxygen Carriers." Energy & Fuels 22, no. 4 (July 2008): 2585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef800065m.

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24

Chiu, Ping-Chin, and Young Ku. "Chemical Looping Process - A Novel Technology for Inherent CO2 Capture." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 12, no. 6 (2012): 1421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2012.08.0215.

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25

Hua, Xiuning, and Wei Wang. "Chemical looping combustion: A new low-dioxin energy conversion technology." Journal of Environmental Sciences 32 (June 2015): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.044.

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26

Lin, Shi-Ying, Tomonao Saito, and Keiichiro Hashimoto. "Development of the Three-Tower Chemical Looping Coal Combustion Technology." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1183.

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27

Voitic, G., and V. Hacker. "Recent advancements in chemical looping water splitting for the production of hydrogen." RSC Advances 6, no. 100 (2016): 98267–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21180a.

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28

Albuquerque, Dener da Silva, Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo, Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros, Romário Cezar Pereira da Costa, Fernando Velcic Maziviero, Fabíola Correia de Carvalho, and Juan Alberto Chaves Ruiz. "Evaluating the reactivity of CuO-TiO2 oxygen carrier for energy production technology with CO2 capture." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (September 29, 2021): e514101220596. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20596.

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Chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes have been shown to be promising and effective in reducing CO2 production from the combustion of various fuels associated with the growing global demand for energy, as it promotes indirect fuel combustion through solid oxygen carriers (SOC). Thus, this study aims to synthesize, characterize and evaluate mixed copper and titanium oxide as a solid oxygen carrier for use in combustion processes with chemical looping. The SOC was synthesized based on stoichiometric calculations by the polymeric precursor method and characterized by: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-FEG) with EDS, and Programmed Temperature Reduction (PTR). The oxygen carrying capacity (ROC) and the speed index of the reduction and oxidation cycles were evaluated by Thermogravimetric Reactivity (TGA). The main reactive phase identified was: The CuO phase for the mixed copper and titanium oxide were identified and confirmed by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld refinement method. The reactivity of the CuO-TiO2 system was high, obtaining a CH4 conversion rate above 90% and a speed index of 40%/min. Due to the structural characteristics and the reactivity tests of this material, it is concluded that mixed copper and titanium oxide have the necessary requirements to be used in chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes.

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29

Tian, Xin, Mingze Su, and Haibo Zhao. "Kinetics of redox reactions of CuO@TiO2–Al2O3 for chemical looping combustion and chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling." Combustion and Flame 213 (March 2020): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.044.

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30

Damasceno, Sergio, Fabiane J. Trindade, Fabio C. Fonseca, Daniel Z. de Florio, and Andre S. Ferlauto. "Oxidative coupling of methane in chemical looping design." Fuel Processing Technology 231 (June 2022): 107255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107255.

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31

Mei, D., T. Mendiara, A. Abad, L. F. de Diego, F. García-Labiano, P. Gayán, J. Adánez, and H. Zhao. "Evaluation of Manganese Minerals for Chemical Looping Combustion." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 10 (September 10, 2015): 6605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01293.

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32

Lin, Yan, Haitao Wang, Yonghao Wang, Ruiqiang Huo, Zhen Huang, Ming Liu, Guoqiang Wei, Zengli Zhao, Haibin Li, and Yitian Fang. "Review of Biomass Chemical Looping Gasification in China." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 7 (June 15, 2020): 7847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01022.

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33

Anheden, Marie, and Gunnar Svedberg. "Exergy analysis of chemical-looping combustion systems." Energy Conversion and Management 39, no. 16-18 (November 1998): 1967–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(98)00052-1.

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34

Mattisson, Tobias. "Materials for Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2013 (May 8, 2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/526375.

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Chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) is a novel combustion technology with inherent separation of carbon dioxide. The process is a three-step process which utilizes a circulating oxygen carrier to transfer oxygen from the combustion air to the fuel. The process utilizes two interconnected fluidized bed reactors, an air reactor and a fuel reactor. In the fuel reactor, the metal oxide decomposes with the release of gas phase oxygen (step 1), which reacts directly with the fuel through normal combustion (step 2). The reduced oxygen carrier is then transported to the air reactor where it reacts with the oxygen in the air (step 3). The outlet from the fuel reactor consists of only CO2 and H2O, and pure carbon dioxide can be obtained by simple condensation of the steam. This paper gives an overview of the research conducted around the CLOU process, including (i) a thermodynamic evaluation, (ii) a complete review of tested oxygen carriers, (iii) review of kinetic data of reduction and oxidation, and (iv) evaluation of design criteria. From the tests of various fuels in continuous chemical-looping units utilizing CLOU materials, it can be established that almost full conversion of the fuel can be obtained for gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels.

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35

Johansson, Marcus, Tobias Mattisson, and Anders Lyngfelt. "Comparison of oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion." Thermal Science 10, no. 3 (2006): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0603093j.

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Chemical-looping combustion is a combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. This technique involves combustion of fossil fuels by means of an oxygen carrier which transfers oxygen from the air to the fuel. In this manner a decrease in efficiency is avoided for the energy demanding separation of CO2 from the rest of the flue gases. Results from fifty oxygen carriers based on iron-, manganese- and nickel oxides on different inert materials are compared. The particles were prepared using freeze granulation, sintered at different temperatures and sieved to a size 125-180 mm. To simulate the environment the particles would be exposed to in a chemical-looping combustor, reactivity tests under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions were performed in a laboratory fluidized bed-reactor of quartz. Reduction was performed in 50% CH4/50% H2O while the oxidation was carried out in 5% O2 in nitrogen. In general nickel particles are the most reactive, followed by manganese. Iron particles are harder but have a lower reactivity. An increase in sintering temperatures normally leads to an increase in strength and decrease in reactivity. Several particles investigated display a combination of high reactivity and strength as well as good fluidization behavior, and are feasible for use as oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion.

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36

Krzywanski, Jaroslaw, Tomasz Czakiert, Anna Zylka, Wojciech Nowak, Marcin Sosnowski, Karolina Grabowska, Dorian Skrobek, et al. "Modelling of SO2 and NOx Emissions from Coal and Biomass Combustion in Air-Firing, Oxyfuel, iG-CLC, and CLOU Conditions by Fuzzy Logic Approach." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 8095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218095.

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Анотація:

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is one of the most advanced technologies allowing for the reduction in CO2 emissions during the combustion of solid fuels. The modified method combines chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) and in situ gasification chemical looping combustion (iG-CLC). As a result, an innovative hybrid chemical looping combustion came into existence, making the above two technologies complementary. Since the complexity of the CLC is still not sufficiently recognized, the study of this process is of a practical significance. The paper describes the experiences in the modelling of complex geometry CLC equipment. The experimental facility consists of two reactors: an air reactor and a fuel reactor. The paper introduces the fuzzy logic (FL) method as an artificial intelligence (AI) approach for the prediction of SO2 and NOx (i.e., NO + NO2) emissions from coal and biomass combustion carried out in air-firing; oxyfuel; iG-CLC; and CLOU conditions. The developed model has been successfully validated on a 5 kWth research unit called the dual fluidized bed chemical looping combustion of solid fuels (DFB-CLC-SF).

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37

Wang, Zhentong, Zhiqiang Gong, Yusan Turap, Yidi Wang, Zhe Zhang, and Wei Wang. "Renewable hydrogen production from biogas using iron-based chemical looping technology." Chemical Engineering Journal 429 (February 2022): 132192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132192.

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38

Ocone, Raffaella. "Transport phenomena in packed bed reactor technology for chemical looping combustion." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 90, no. 10 (October 2012): 1625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2012.02.012.

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39

Bahzad, Husain, Kazuaki Katayama, Matthew E. Boot-Handford, Niall Mac Dowell, Nilay Shah, and Paul S. Fennell. "Iron-based chemical-looping technology for decarbonising iron and steel production." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 91 (December 2019): 102766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.06.017.

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40

Fan, Liang-Shih, and Fanxing Li. "ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Looping Technology and Its Fossil Energy Conversion Applications." ChemInform 41, no. 50 (November 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201050267.

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41

An, Mei, Nini Yuan, Xiunan Sun, and Qingjie Guo. "Investigation of Chemical-looping Gasification Characteristics of Chinese Western Coals with Hematite-CuO Oxygen Carrier." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021301002.

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In order to realize highly efficient conversion of Chinese western bituminous coals into syngas, a series of chemical-looping gasification experiments was conducted with hematite-CuO oxygen carrier in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor. The results indicated that the gasification rate of Chinese western bituminous increased by 2-3 times after addition of a hematite-CuO oxygen carrier. Meanwhile, the syngas yields of Chinese western bituminous ranged from 1.84–2.04 m3/kg, three times higher than that of lignite. This shows that the combination of chemical-looping technology and gasification of coal can achieve efficient conversion of Chinese/western bituminous coals. The temperature and the supply oxygen coefficient (O/C) all demonstrated a clear effect on the gasification rates and the gas yields. 10 cycles of redox experiments indicated that the hematite-CuO oxygen carriers have good recycled reaction characteristics. Those results provide theoretical guidance for the efficient conversion of Chinese western bituminous coals into syngas via chemical-looping gasification.

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42

Wei, Yangjun, Leming Cheng, Bo Leckner, Erdong Wu, Liyao Li, and Qingyu Zhang. "Design of an industrial chemical looping gasification system." Fuel 330 (December 2022): 125541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125541.

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43

Yang, Jie, Shengyu Liu, Zhiying Guo, Ran Ao, Quxiu Dai, Yuxin Sun, Zhiyong Deng, Xiandong Tan, Yijin Yang, and Liping Ma. "Fluidization and reaction behavior in chemical looping gasification of lignite." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 14 (2021): 3656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se00627d.

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44

Zhao, Deng, Hui Liu, Di Zhu, Huashan Wang, Pengcheng Lu, and Ming Qin. "DFT study of the reaction mechanism of CuO–char in chemical-looping combustion." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 23 (2021): 6014–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se01160j.

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45

Szücs, Botond, and Pál Szentannai. "Experimental Investigation on Mixing and Segregation Behavior of Oxygen Carrier and Biomass Particle in Fluidized Bed." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.13764.

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In this work, lab-scale cold fluidization equipment is designed and constructed to investigate the mixing and segregating phenomena of binary fluidized beds. The focus of the investigation is carbon reduction with the fluidized bed technology-based Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). Nowadays, aspiration to carbon reduction focuses on the solid fuels. Therefore, it is of great importance to integrate the benefits of CLC technology with the use of solid fuels. The measurements of fuel particles in the fluidized bed are extended from the homogeneous and spherical shape to the inhomogeneous, non-spherical shape. During the tests, an iron-based oxygen carrier (OC) for chemical looping combustors is examined with different particle sizes. In addition, the tests included the examination of three different fuel samples (crushed coal, agricultural pellet, and Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF)), which can be utilized in chemical looping combustion with In-situ gasification. The experiments are carried out using the bed-frozen method. With this method, the vertical concentration of active particles could be measured. The results show that the particle size of the oxygen carrier does fundamentally influence its vertical placement, and the non-spherical character of most alternative fuels must also be considered for optimal reactor design.

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46

Sarafraz, M. M., M. Jafarian, M. Arjomandi, and G. J. Nathan. "The thermo-chemical potential liquid chemical looping gasification with bismuth oxide." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 16 (March 2019): 8038–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.081.

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47

Coppola, Antonio, and Fabrizio Scala. "Chemical Looping for Combustion of Solid Biomass: A Review." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 23 (November 11, 2021): 19248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02600.

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48

Yazdanpanah, M. M., A. Hoteit, A. Forret, A. Delebarre, and T. Gauthier. "Experimental Investigations on a Novel Chemical Looping Combustion Configuration." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 66, no. 2 (March 2011): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2010025.

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49

Chakravarthy, V. Kalyana, C. Stuart Daw, and Josh A. Pihl. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Alternative Approaches to Chemical Looping Combustion." Energy & Fuels 25, no. 2 (February 17, 2011): 656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef101336m.

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50

Xiang, Wenguo, Sha Wang, and Tengteng Di. "Investigation of Gasification Chemical Looping Combustion Combined Cycle Performance." Energy & Fuels 22, no. 2 (March 2008): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef7007002.

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