Статті в журналах: "Chemical inducers"

1

Husnul Khotimah, Fathina Zahrani Rahmaniar, Fatimah Az Zahra, Rabjhany Anaqah, Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan, Masruroh Rahayu, and Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo. "Diverse perspectives in zebrafish seizure models: An exploration of chemical inducers." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0734.

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Numerous studies have investigated seizures in zebrafish, employing diverse methods to induce and observe epilepsy. Chemical inducers have become indispensable tools for precisely manipulating neural activity in controlled experiments. This research is dedicated to a meticulous comparison and analysis of various seizure-inducing chemicals in zebrafish. The selected chemical inducers include pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), kainic acid (KA), picrotoxin (PTX), pilocarpine, and other substances. The primary mechanism of these inducers involves altering neurotransmitter receptors, particularly GABA and glutamate, at inhibitory or excitatory synapses. This alteration creates an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory signals in the brain, contributing to epileptogenesis. The resulting hyperactivity in the zebrafish brain disrupts metabolism, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS), and causes neuronal damage. Chemical induction offers valuable insights into the neurological activity of zebrafish, enabling the observation of behaviors such as whole-body contractions, loss of posture, or freezing. Various parameters can be adjusted to examine the effects of chemical inducers on zebrafish development and to replicate various types of seizures, such as status epilepticus and temporal lobe epilepsy. Despite the array of options available, many chemical inducers remain underutilized in zebrafish studies. To ensure the successful induction of models, monitoring gene expression markers such as c-fos, which represents neuronal activity, becomes crucial. Additionally, a scoring system is employed to analyze seizure severity and identify treatment efficacy. The existing gaps in utilizing chemical inducers present great opportunities for future model development. This chemically-induced seizure model in zebrafish is pivotal for unraveling seizure mechanisms, contributing significantly to advancements in neurological research.

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Silva, Janaina Marques da, Natália Stevanato, Djéssica Tatiane Raspe, Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva, and Camila da Silva. "Oil from crambe seeds treated with different resistance inducers: Oil yield and chemical characterization." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 46, no. 1 (April 2, 2024): e65159. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v46i1.65159.

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This study aimed to carry out the extraction and chemical characterization of oil from crambe treated with resistance inducers during its cultivation to promote greater efficiency in the defense system of plants. For this purpose, Agromos® and Ecolife® inducers were applied at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 L hectare−1 during crambe cultivation. Crambe seed oil was obtained in a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane as a solvent and the oils were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition and minority compound contents (phytosterol and tocopherol). The oil obtained from seeds without the application of inducers (control) was also characterized. We determine the oxidative stability of oils with inducer application that presented higher minority compound contents. Crambe seeds that received the treatment with the Agromos® resistance inducer had higher oil content. However, in general, the fatty acid profile of the obtained oils was similar and showed a predominance of erucic and oleic acids (which represent ~82% of the composition). The application of the Agromos® inducer allowed obtaining seeds that provided oil with higher contents of phytosterols and tocopherols and higher oxidative stability.

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Gatz, Christiane, and Ingo Lenk. "Promoters that respond to chemical inducers." Trends in Plant Science 3, no. 9 (September 1998): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(98)01287-4.

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Raina, Kanak, and Craig M. Crews. "Chemical Inducers of Targeted Protein Degradation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, no. 15 (February 10, 2010): 11057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r109.078105.

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5

Zhang, Yuesheng, and Gary B. Gordon. "A strategy for cancer prevention: Stimulation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 3, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.885.3.7.

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Abstract Many genes, with products involved in the protection of cells against carcinogens, oxidants, and other toxic chemicals, are under the transcriptional control of a simple DNA regulatory element [i.e., the antioxidant response element (ARE)]. One or more functional AREs have been confirmed or are believed to exist in the upstream region of many anticarcinogenic/antioxidant genes and have been shown to mediate the coordinate transcriptional up-regulation of these genes by many chemical agents [i.e., the ARE-mediated inducers]. There is strong evidence that increased expression of ARE-regulated genes inhibits cancer development. The signaling system leading to ARE activation has been partly elucidated, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as the key transcriptional factor that serves to transmit the inducer signal to ARE. It is now known that nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, which is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, dissociates from Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 on exposure to ARE-mediated inducers, translocates to the nucleus, complexes with other nuclear factors, and binds to ARE. Rapid and simple assays have been devised to identify chemical agents that can stimulate this signaling pathway. Moreover, many ARE-mediated inducers have been identified, and several of them have shown promising cancer preventive activity.

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6

Gao, Qing-ming, Aardra Kachroo, and Pradeep Kachroo. "Chemical inducers of systemic immunity in plants." Journal of Experimental Botany 65, no. 7 (March 3, 2014): 1849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru010.

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Gupta, Priyanka, Pooja Sangwan, and Manjeet Singh. "Efficacy of Non-Conventional Chemical Inducers against Fusarium oxysporum Inciting Wilt in Chilli." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (August 23, 2023): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193587.

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Chilli wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum is the most devastating disease, causing substantial yield losses throughout chilli growing areas of the world. Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungus which survives for several years in soil. The disease is favoured by high temperature and high moisture, this condition plays significant role in development of wilt symptoms. The disease management using chemicals is economically not feasible and is also unsafe for the environment. Due to growing public awareness to environment and human health, need of the hour is to find alternate approaches for disease management. Therefore, to investigate induction of systemic resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in chilli. Different non-conventional chemical inducers like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), Indole acetic acid (IAA), Indole butyric acid (IBA), chitosan, salicylic acid nano formulation and chitosan nano formulation were used in an experiment conducted in Department of plant pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. These non-conventional chemicals with four concentrations 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum under in vitro condition using poison food technique with four replications. It was found that the highest mycelial growth inhibition was observed in salicylic acid nano formulation (79.73%) at 100 µg/ml concentration followed by Jasmonic acid (77.12%) at 100 µg/ml concentration and the lowest growth inhibition was recorded in Indole acetic acid (27.15%) at 100 µg/ml concentration. The same trend was observed when chilli varieties Pusa Jwala (susceptible) and Pusa Sadabahar (moderately resistant) were tested with the two best and the least effective non-conventional chemical inducer obtained in vitro for measuring the disease severity in screen house. This insight clarifies the scope of using non-conventional chemical inducers as an effective disease management strategy against Fusarium wilt of chilli.

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M. Ahmed, Faten, Mohamed I. Elian, Ali M. Koriem, and Alaa Ewais. "Efficacy of Using Chemical Inducers and Biological Agents to Control Strawberry Leaf Spot Disease on Chemical Components and Enzyme Activity." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 102 (April 24, 2024): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.102.59.70.

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Strawberry plants are subjected to many pathogens. Fungal diseases of strawberries are important worldwide and occur in all parts of the plant, including leaves, crowns, and fruits. The results of the bio-agent experiment indicated that Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective in reducing the growth of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea in vitro, the main causes of leaf spots in strawberry plants. The inhibition zone was observed and mycelium of T. harzianum invaded the colony of the tested pathogens. The importance of the biochemical study of defense reaction in the physiology of disease resistance was accepted. The activity of total, free, and conjugated phenols as well as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase enzyme activities were determined in resistant and susceptible strawberry cultivars. All the total, free, and conjugated phenols increased in resistant cultivars (Fortuna and Winter Star) and decreased in susceptible cultivar (Festival). Oxidative enzymes, like the increased activity of enzymes that appear mince of new polypeptide protein, have become models in the study of plant disease resistance. The higher content of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase enzymes in resistant cultivars, were noticed compared with those in susceptible ones. It was found also that, the chemical inducers increased total phenols in resistant and susceptible cultivars i.e., potassium di-phosphate, ferrous sulphate, and oxalic acid. Inducer resistance also caused an increase of free phenols than the control. However, conjugated phenols accumulated faster after using chemical inducers in the leaves of the resistant cultivars, than the susceptible ones.

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Vilas-Boas, Vânia, Eva Gijbels, Axelle Cooreman, Raf Van Campenhout, Emma Gustafson, Kaat Leroy, and Mathieu Vinken. "Industrial, Biocide, and Cosmetic Chemical Inducers of Cholestasis." Chemical Research in Toxicology 32, no. 7 (June 3, 2019): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00148.

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10

Testa, Ugo. "Fetal hemoglobin chemical inducers for treatment of hemoglobinopathies." Annals of Hematology 88, no. 6 (November 15, 2008): 505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-008-0637-y.

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11

Ziegler, Michael J., Klaus Yserentant, Valentin Dunsing, Volker Middel, Antoni J. Gralak, Kaisa Pakari, Jörn Bargstedt, et al. "Mandipropamid as a chemical inducer of proximity for in vivo applications." Nature Chemical Biology 18, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41589-021-00922-3.

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AbstractDirect control of protein interactions by chemically induced protein proximity holds great potential for both cell and synthetic biology as well as therapeutic applications. Low toxicity, orthogonality and excellent cell permeability are important criteria for chemical inducers of proximity (CIPs), in particular for in vivo applications. Here, we present the use of the agrochemical mandipropamid (Mandi) as a highly efficient CIP in cell culture systems and living organisms. Mandi specifically induces complex formation between a sixfold mutant of the plant hormone receptor pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1) and abscisic acid insensitive (ABI). It is orthogonal to other plant hormone-based CIPs and rapamycin-based CIP systems. We demonstrate the applicability of the Mandi system for rapid and efficient protein translocation in mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos, protein network shuttling and manipulation of endogenous proteins.

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Hirakawa, Matthew P., Alberto Rodriguez, Mary B. Tran-Gyamfi, Yooli K. Light, Salvador Martinez, Henry Diamond-Pott, Blake A. Simmons, and Kenneth L. Sale. "Phenothiazines Rapidly Induce Laccase Expression and Lignin-Degrading Properties in the White-Rot Fungus Phlebia radiata." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2023): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9030371.

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Phlebia radiata is a widespread white-rot basidiomycete fungus with significance in diverse biotechnological applications due to its ability to degrade aromatic compounds, xenobiotics, and lignin using an assortment of oxidative enzymes including laccase. In this work, a chemical screen with 480 conditions was conducted to identify chemical inducers of laccase expression in P. radiata. Among the chemicals tested, phenothiazines were observed to induce laccase activity in P. radiata, with promethazine being the strongest laccase inducer of the phenothiazine-derived compounds examined. Secretomes produced by promethazine-treated P. radiata exhibited increased laccase protein abundance, increased enzymatic activity, and an enhanced ability to degrade phenolic model lignin compounds. Transcriptomics analyses revealed that promethazine rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding lignin-degrading enzymes, including laccase and various oxidoreductases, showing that the increased laccase activity was due to increased laccase gene expression. Finally, the generality of promethazine as an inducer of laccases in fungi was demonstrated by showing that promethazine treatment also increased laccase activity in other relevant fungal species with known lignin conversion capabilities including Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus.

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13

Han, Huan, Da Geng, Le Xiang, Kaifu Xu, Zibo Ren, Shuhong Liu, and Zhigang Zuo. "Influence of Step Casings on the Cavitation Characteristics of Inducers." Processes 10, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081598.

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Rotating cavitation (RC) in inducers mainly degrades performance with unstable radial force. In this paper, the influence of step casings on cavitation performance and the instabilities of inducers were numerically investigated. Firstly, a numerical scheme was validated by means of a comparison with experimental measurements taken for an original inducer (Model O). We then performed simulations with five different step casing models (Models A–E), in which the starting locations and enlargement sizes of the step casings were altered. The interaction between tip leakage flow and main flow in the inter-blade passages was found to highly affected by cavity structure and blade loading. Considering both cavitation performance and radial force, our results suggest that Model E is an alternative improvement. In short, this study provides a standard workflow for the effective suppression of rotating cavitation in inducers by the simple adoption of the step casing configuration presented here in engineering practice.

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14

Abdel-Monaim, Montaser F. "Improvment Biocontrol of Damping-Off and Root Rot/Wilt of Faba Bean by Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide." International Journal of Phytopathology 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2013): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.002.01.0035.

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Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina were found to be associated with root rot and wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from different fields in New Valley governorate, Egypt. All the obtained isolates were able to attack faba bean plants (cv. Giza 40) causing damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases. R. solani isolates 2 and 5, F. solani isolate 8, F. oxysporum isolate 12 and M. phaseolina isolate 14 were the more virulent ones in the pathogenicity tests. Biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride, Bacillus megaterium) and chemical inducers (salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide) individually or in combination were examined for biological control of damping-off and root rot/wilt and growth promotion of faba bean plants in vitro and in vivo. Both antagonistic biocontrol agents and chemical inducers either individually or in combination inhibited growth of the tested pathogenic fungi.Biocontrol agents combined with chemical inducers recorded the highest inhibited growth especially in case SA + T. viride and SA+ B. megaterium. Under green house and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced damping-off and root rot/ wilt severity and increased survival of plants. Also, these treatments increased fresh and dry weights of the survived plants in pots compared with control. The combination of biocontrol agents and chemical inducers were more effective than using them individually and SA+ T. viride was the best treatment in this respect. Under field conditions, all these treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches plant-1) and yield components (No. of pods and seedsplant-1, weight of 100 seeds and total yield feddan-1 and protein content in both seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012). Faba bean seeds soaked in SA+ T. viride and SA+ B. megaterium were recorded the highest growth parameters and yield components. Generally, the combination of biocontrol agents and chemical inducers recoded the best results for controlling damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases in greenhouse and field with addition improved plant growth and increased yield components in the field.

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Ahmed, Hamada F. A., Sameh Elnaggar, Gomaa A. Abdel-Wahed, Ragab S. Taha, Awais Ahmad, Wadei A. Al-Selwey, Hoda M. H. Ahmed, Naeem Khan, and Mahmoud F. Seleiman. "Induction of Systemic Resistance in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers." Biology 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12060789.

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The possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Trichoderma asperellum) and two biofertilizers (i.e., microbein and mycorrhizeen), while the abiotic inducers included three chemical materials (i.e., ascorbic acid, potassium silicate, and salicylic acid). In addition, preliminary in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the tested inducers on the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results show that G. catenulatum was the most efficient biocontrol agent. It reduced the linear growth of Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina by 76.1, 73.4, and 73.2%, respectively, followed by B. subtilis by 71.4, 69, and 68.3%, respectively. Similarly, potassium silicate was the most effective chemical inducer followed by salicylic acid, each at 2000 ppm. They reduced the linear growth of F. solani by 62.3 and 55.7%; M. phaseolina by 60.7 and 53.1%; and F. oxysporum by 60.3 and 53%, respectively. In the greenhouse, all inducers applied as a seed treatment and/or foliar spray strongly limited the development of root rot and wilt diseases. In this regard, G. catenulatum, at 1 × 109 CFU mL−1, achieved the highest values of disease control, followed by B. subtilis; while T. asperellum, at 1 × 105 CFU mL−1, recorded the lowest values. In addition, the plants treated with potassium silicate followed by salicylic acid, each at 4 g/L, recorded the highest disease control compared to ascorbic acid at 1 g/L, which had the lowest values. The mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein (at 10 g/kg seeds) was the most effective compared to either of them alone. All treatments, applied alone or in combination in the field, significantly reduced the incidence of diseases. The most effective treatments were a mixture of G. catenulatum (Gc) + Bacillus subtilis (Bs) + Trichoderma asperellum (Ta); a mixture of ascorbic acid (AA) + potassium silicate (PS) + and salicylic (SA); G. catenulatum; potassium silicate; and a mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein. Rhizolix T had the highest disease-reducing efficacy. In response to the treatments, significant improvements in growth and yield, changes in biochemicals, and increased activities of defense enzymes were achieved. This research points to the activity of some biotic and abiotic inducers that can play a vital role in managing the root rot and wilt of roselle through the induction of systemic plant resistance.

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Bredholt, Harald, and Kjell Eimhjellen. "Induction and development of the oil emulsifying system in an alkane oxidizing Rhodococcus species." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 8 (August 15, 1999): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-057.

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The physiological criteria for the development of crude oil emulsifying activity in a Rhodococcus species isolated from sea water was investigated. The bacterium was used as a model organism and all experiments were performed in shake flasks at 30°C. The development of emulsifying activity was inducible, but only under conditions of cell growth. A test was developed for assessing the ability of different chemical compounds to induce the crude oil emulsifying activity in acetate pre-grown cells, and a comprehensive survey of possible inducers carried out. The compounds that gave excellent or good emulsification in the test assay included n-alkanes (C11 to C18), pristane, 1-decene, fatty alcohols (C14 to C18), the fatty aldehydes decanal and dodecanal, some unsaturated fatty acids and some oils containing glycerol esters of unsaturated fatty acids. All these compounds also served as sole carbon and energy sources. Alkanes and fatty acids behaving as solids at 30°C did not function as inducers in the assay. Heptamethylnonane served as a moderate inducer, but not as a growth substrate. The inducers had to be present in the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.05% (w/v) in order to give a detectable emulsion under the conditions of the assay. The development of the emulsifying activity, hypothesised to comprise compounds from the hydrophobic cell surface, is suggested to be coordinated with new cell wall synthesis.Key words: emulsification, crude oil, inducers, alkane-oxidation, bacteria.

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17

Hoffmann, D., and M. V. Djordjevic. "Chemical Composition and Carcinogenicity of Smokeless Tobacco." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 3 (September 1997): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110030301.

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In the United States, smokeless tobacco (ST) is marketed as chewing tobacco and as oral snuff. During the past 15 years, consumption of chewing tobacco has declined by 30.6%, whereas snuff use has significantly increased, namely, by 51.8%. This increase is primarily due to the growing popularity of oral snuff use among teenage and young adolescent males. Chewing of tobacco is associated with an increased risk for oral cancer. Snuff dipping is causally and specifically associated with cancer of the cheek, gum, and pharynx. In laboratory animals, snuff induces cancer of the mouth. Several carcinogens have been identified in ST, the tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine (TSNA), N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and 4(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) being the most important. NNN and NNK are formed from nicotine during curing, aging, and especially during fermentation of tobacco. Oral swabbing of a low concentration of a mixture of NNN plus NNK in water induces oral tumors in rats. The concentration of the strongly carcinogenic TSNA is higher in snuff than in other ST products. According to our analytical studies, the three leading snuff brands in the US (92% of the market) contain far higher concentrations of nicotine, unprotonated nicotine, and TSNA than the less popular brands. Thus, the leading US snuff brands are the strongest inducers of nicotine dependence and also have the highest carcinogenic potential.

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18

Haroun, Samia, Mohamed Abdallah, Ahmed Gomah, and Huda Badr. "Intrinsic Onion Resistance against Bacterial Bulb Rots by Chemical Inducers." Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 44, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2016.91926.

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KITAMURA, Hitoshi. "Chemical Inducers of Larval Settlement and Metamorphosis of Sea Urchin." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 67, no. 11 (1993): 1604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.67.1604.

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Politi, Nicolo’, Lorenzo Pasotti, Susanna Zucca, Michela Casanova, Giuseppina Micoli, Maria Cusella De Angelis, and Paolo Magni. "Half-life measurements of chemical inducers for recombinant gene expression." Journal of Biological Engineering 8, no. 1 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-1611-8-5.

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Nordenberg, J., L. Wasserman, A. Fuchs, A. Peled, Z. Malik, K. H. Stenzel, and A. Novogrodsky. "Anti-melanoma properties of chemical inducers of differentiation: and studies." European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 23, no. 11 (November 1987): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5379(87)90666-3.

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Breveglieri, Giulia, Salvatore Pacifico, Cristina Zuccato, Lucia Carmela Cosenza, Shaiq Sultan, Elisabetta D’Aversa, Roberto Gambari, et al. "Discovery of Novel Fetal Hemoglobin Inducers through Small Chemical Library Screening." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 7426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197426.

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The screening of chemical libraries based on cellular biosensors is a useful approach to identify new hits for novel therapeutic targets involved in rare genetic pathologies, such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. In particular, pharmacologically mediated stimulation of human γ-globin gene expression, and increase of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production, have been suggested as potential therapeutic strategies for these hemoglobinopathies. In this article, we screened a small chemical library, constituted of 150 compounds, using the cellular biosensor K562.GR, carrying enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and red fluorescence protein (RFP) genes under the control of the human γ-globin and β-globin gene promoters, respectively. Then the identified compounds were analyzed as HbF inducers on primary cell cultures, obtained from β-thalassemia patients, confirming their activity as HbF inducers, and suggesting these molecules as lead compounds for further chemical and biological investigations.

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Yuan, Yuan, and Jin Miao. "Agrochemical control of gene expression using evolved split RNA polymerase." PeerJ 10 (June 16, 2022): e13619. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13619.

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Chemically-inducible gene expression systems are valuable tools for rational control of gene expression both for basic research and biotechnology. However, most chemical inducers are confined to certain groups of organisms. Therefore, dissecting interactions between different organisms could be challenging using existing chemically-inducible systems. We engineered a mandipropamid-induced gene expression system (Mandi-T7) based on evolved split T7 RNAP system. As a proof-of-principle, we induced GFP expression in E. coli cells grown inside plant tissue.

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Morris, Shericca W., Bernard Vernooij, Somkiat Titatarn, Mark Starrett, Steve Thomas, Curtis C. Wiltse, Richard A. Frederiksen, Amornrut Bhandhufalck, Scot Hulbert, and Scott Uknes. "Induced Resistance Responses in Maize." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 7 (July 1998): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.7.643.

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a widely distributed plant defense system that confers broad-spectrum disease resistance and is accompanied by coordinate expression of the so-called SAR genes. This type of resistance and SAR gene expression can be mimicked with chemical inducers of resistance. Here, we report that chemical inducers of resistance are active in maize. Chemical induction increases resistance to downy mildew and activates expression of the maize PR-1 and PR-5 genes. These genes are also coordinately activated by pathogen infection and function as indicators of the defense reaction. Specifically, after pathogen infection, the PR-1 and PR-5 genes are induced more rapidly and more strongly in an incompatible than in a compatible interaction. In addition, we show that monocot lesion mimic plants also express these defense-related genes and that they have increased levels of salicylic acid after lesions develop, similar to pathogen-infected maize plants. The existence of chemically inducible disease resistance and PR-1 and PR-5 gene expression in maize indicates that maize is similar to dicots in many aspects of induced resistance. This reinforces the notion of an ancient plant-inducible defense pathway against pathogen attack that is shared between monocots and dicots.

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Otaki, Joji, and Yugo Nakazato. "Butterfly Wing Color Pattern Modification Inducers May Act on Chitin in the Apical Extracellular Site: Implications in Morphogenic Signals for Color Pattern Determination." Biology 11, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111620.

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Butterfly wing color patterns are modified by various treatments, such as temperature shock, injection of chemical inducers, and covering materials on pupal wing tissue. Their mechanisms of action have been enigmatic. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of color pattern modifications using the blue pansy butterfly Junonia orithya. We hypothesized that these modification-inducing treatments act on the pupal cuticle or extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanical load tests revealed that pupae treated with cold shock or chemical inducers were significantly less rigid, suggesting that these treatments made cuticle formation less efficient. A known chitin inhibitor, FB28 (fluorescent brightener 28), was discovered to efficiently induce modifications. Taking advantage of its fluorescent character, fluorescent signals from FB28 were observed in live pupae in vivo from the apical extracellular side and were concentrated at the pupal cuticle focal spots immediately above the eyespot organizing centers. It was shown that chemical modification inducers and covering materials worked additively. Taken together, various modification-inducing treatments likely act extracellularly on chitin or other polysaccharides to inhibit pupal cuticle formation or ECM function, which probably causes retardation of morphogenic signals. It is likely that an interactive ECM is required for morphogenic signals for color pattern determination to travel long distances.

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Xia, Zhonghua, Pavel Karpov, Grzegorz Popowicz, Michael Sattler, and Igor V. Tetko. "What Features of Ligands Are Relevant to the Opening of Cryptic Pockets in Drug Targets?" Informatics 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010008.

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Small-molecule drug design aims to identify inhibitors that can specifically bind to a functionally important region on the target, i.e., an active site of an enzyme. Identification of potential binding pockets is typically based on static three-dimensional structures. However, small molecules may induce and select a dynamic binding pocket that is not visible in the apo protein, which presents a well-recognized challenge for structure-based drug discovery. Here, we assessed whether it is possible to identify features in molecules, which we refer to as inducers, that can induce the opening of cryptic pockets. The volume change between apo and bound protein conformations was used as a metric to differentiate chemical features in inducers vs. non-inducers. Based on the dataset of holo–apo pairs, classification models were built to determine an optimum threshold. The model analysis suggested that inducers preferred to be more hydrophobic and aromatic. The impact of sulfur was ambiguous, while phosphorus and halogen atoms were overrepresented in inducers. The fragment analysis showed that small changes in the structures of molecules can strongly affect the potential to induce a cryptic pocket. This analysis and developed model can be used to design inducers that can potentially open cryptic pockets for undruggable proteins.

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Bond, Michael J., Ryan P. Golden, Roman C. Sarott, Giulia DiGiovanni, Basel A. Karim, Briana Howard, Kenneth Ross, Nathanael S. Gray, and Kimberly Stegmaier. "Abstract 5777: Rewiring EWS/FLI1 with transcriptional chemical inducers of proximity (TCIPs)." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 5777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5777.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if EWS/FLI1 (E/F), the oncogenic fusion protein that drives Ewing Sarcoma (ES), can be rewired to enhance expression of BCL6-controlled genes using Transcriptional Chemical Inducers of Proximity (TCIPs), a novel bivalent small molecule platform. TCIP molecules recruit a transcriptional regulator, such as BRD4, to the transcriptional repressor BCL6. Upon binding, a ternary complex is formed on chromatin at BCL6-bound loci, causing transcriptional upregulation of BCL6 target genes. Since E/F does not have a bona fide ligand, we have used an exogenously expressed N terminal FKBPF36V-EWS/FLI1 (N-FK-E/F) fusion system to study how modulation of E/F by TCIPs impacts the transcriptome of ES cells. To eliminate background signal from endogenous E/F, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout (KO) endogenous E/F. Our exogenously expressed N-FK-E/F has mutated PAM motifs and is resistant to KO. In our proof-of-concept study we used TCIP1 consisting of ortho-AP1867 (oAP), a synthetic ligand for FKBPF36V, linked to the BCL6 inhibitor BI3812 (BI) to rewire N-FK-E/F. We have also tested a negative control TCIP (TCIP NEG) that links oAP to a BI derivative that abolishes BCL6 binding. TCIP NEG has similar physiochemical properties to our active TCIP1; however, it cannot bind BCL6, serving as a negative control for ternary complex formation. TCIP1 rapidly and dose-dependently increases the RNA and protein expression of several BCL6 target genes, like p21, in multiple ES models that stably express N-FK-E/F. TCIP NEG does not increase the expression of BCL6 target genes in ES cells. TCIP1 induces ternary complex formation in ES cell lysates, and ternary complex formation is necessary for activity in ES cells. TCIP1 is specific and does not increase BCL6 target gene levels to the same extent in ES cells expressing a FKBP-GFP construct or in parental ES cells lacking N-FK-E/F. RNA sequencing of EWS502 N-FK-E/F expressing cells shows that TCIP1 treatment induces a larger increase in expression of BCL6 target gene RNA than BCL6 inhibition. Moreover, CUT&RUN experiments in EWS502 N-FK-E/F expressing cells suggest TCIP1 leads to an accumulation of N-FK-E/F at the promoters of BCL6 target genes. Motif analysis showed that TCIP1 increases the likelihood of N-FK-E/F binding to BCL6 consensus sequences as wells as increases the likelihood of BCL6 binding to E/F recognition sequences. In future studies we will conduct RNA sequencing, CUT&RUN, and other ‘omics’ approaches (e.g. DisP-seq) to compare TCIP1 to TCIP NEG in multiple cell lines at multiple concentrations and time points. Our data suggests that N-FK-E/F can be rewired to induce the expression of BCL6 target genes in ES. Since ES is driven solely by E/F, TCIPs may be promising next generation therapeutics. Our study provides a proof-of-concept that will be the foundation for the development of future TCIP molecules that recruit endogenous E/F once suitable ligands are developed. Citation Format: Michael J. Bond, Ryan P. Golden, Roman C. Sarott, Giulia DiGiovanni, Basel A. Karim, Briana Howard, Kenneth Ross, Nathanael S. Gray, Kimberly Stegmaier. Rewiring EWS/FLI1 with transcriptional chemical inducers of proximity (TCIPs) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5777.

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Koyama, Tomoyuki, Honami Zaizen, Ikuo Takahashi, Hidemitsu Nakamura, Masatoshi Nakajima, and Tadao Asami. "Small Molecules with Thiourea Skeleton Induce Ethylene Response in Arabidopsis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (August 4, 2023): 12420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512420.

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Ethylene is the only gaseous plant hormone that regulates several aspects of plant growth, from seedling morphogenesis to fruit ripening and organ senescence. Ethylene also stimulates the germination of Striga hermonthica, a root parasitic weed that severely damages crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, ethylene response stimulants can be used as weed and crop control agents. Ethylene and ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound, are currently used as ethylene response inducers. However, since ethylene is a gas, which limits its practical application, we targeted the development of a solid ethylene response inducer that could overcome this disadvantage. We performed chemical screening using Arabidopsis thaliana “triple response” as an indicator of ethylene response. After screening, we selected a compound with a thiourea skeleton and named it ZKT1. We then synthesized various derivatives of ZKT1 and evaluated their ethylene-like activities in Arabidopsis. Some derivatives showed considerably higher activity than ZKT1, and their activity was comparable to that of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate. Mode of action analysis using chemical inhibitors and ethylene signaling mutants revealed that ZKT1 derivatives activate the ethylene signaling pathway through interactions with its upstream components. These thiourea derivatives can potentially be potent crop-controlling chemicals.

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Hamany Djande, Claude Y., Paul A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. Piater, Fidele Tugizimana, and Ian A. Dubery. "Metabolic Reprogramming of Barley in Response to Foliar Application of Dichlorinated Functional Analogues of Salicylic Acid as Priming Agents and Inducers of Plant Defence." Metabolites 13, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050666.

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Designing innovative biological crop protection strategies to stimulate natural plant immunity is motivated by the growing need for eco-friendly alternatives to conventional biocidal agrochemicals. Salicylic acid (SA) and analogues are known chemical inducers of priming plant immunity against environmental stresses. The aim of the study was to study the metabolic reprogramming in barley plants following an application of three proposed dichlorinated inducers of acquired resistance. 3,5-Dichloroanthranilic acid, 2,6-dichloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid, and 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid were applied to barley at the third leaf stage of development and harvested at 12, 24, and 36 h post-treatment. Metabolites were extracted using methanol for untargeted metabolomics analyses. Samples were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-definition mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HDMS). Chemometric methods and bioinformatics tools were used to mine and interpret the generated data. Alterations in the levels of both primary and secondary metabolites were observed. The accumulation of barley-specific metabolites, hordatines, and precursors was observed from 24 h post-treatment. The phenylpropanoid pathway, a marker of induced resistance, was identified among the key mechanisms activated by the treatment with the three inducers. No salicylic acid or SA derivatives were annotated as signatory biomarkers; instead, jasmonic acid precursors and derivatives were found as discriminatory metabolites across treatments. The study highlights differences and similarities in the metabolomes of barley after treatment with the three inducers and points to the triggering chemical changes associated with defence and resistance. This report is the first of its kind, and the knowledge acquired provides deeper insight into the role of dichlorinated small molecules as inducers of plant immunity and can be used in metabolomics-guided plant improvement programmes.

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da Rocha, Andrea B., and Ray Hammerschmidt. "History and Perspectives on the Use of Disease Resistance Inducers in Horticultural Crops." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0518.

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A major challenge facing horticultural crop production is the need to provide field and postharvest disease control measures that help maintain high quality plant products. Producers and consumers also expect high quality produce with minimal or no pesticide residues and competitive prices. The chemical management of disease is further complicated by the development of fungicide resistance in many important pathogens. Because of these concerns, an alternative or complementary approach is the use of disease resistance inducers that activate the natural defenses of the plant. Induced disease resistance in plants has been studied in many different pathosystems for nearly a century. Resistance to plant disease can be induced systemically by prior infection with pathogens, by certain non-pathogenic microbes that colonize the surface of roots and leaves, or by chemicals. The application of resistance inducers should protect plants through the induction of defenses that are effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Over the last few years, a number of materials that could potentially be used as inducers of resistance in horticultural crops have been identified. Some of these materials are already commercially available. Although induced resistance is known to provide a broad spectrum of disease suppression, it may not be a complete solution because variation in the efficacy of disease resistance induction has been observed. The variation in the response may be dependent on the plant species and even cultivars, as well as variability in the spectrum of pathogens that resistance can be induced against. Induction of resistance depends on the activation of biochemical processes that are triggered in the plant, and therefore a lag time between treatment and expression of resistance occurs. This lag effect may limit the practical application of disease resistance inducers. Since the efficacy of the inducers also depends on the part of the plant that was treated, the product delivery (i.e., how the inducers would be applied in order to optimize their action) is another factor to be considered. Some studies have shown that there may be side effects on growth or yield characteristics when certain inducers are used. Understanding the biochemical interactions occurring between plants, pathogens and the inducers will provide information that may be useful for the optimization of this new approach on disease control. Approaches to integrate induced resistance with other management practices need to be investigated as a means to aid the development of sustainable disease management programs that are effective as well as economically and environmentally sound.

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Coutinho, Bruna G., Emily Mevers, Amy L. Schaefer, Dale A. Pelletier, Caroline S. Harwood, Jon Clardy, and E. Peter Greenberg. "A plant-responsive bacterial-signaling system senses an ethanolamine derivative." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 39 (September 6, 2018): 9785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809611115.

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Certain plant-associated Proteobacteria sense their host environment by detecting an unknown plant signal recognized by a member of a LuxR subfamily of transcription factors. This interkingdom communication is important for both mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. The Populus root endophyte Pseudomonas sp. GM79 possesses such a regulator, named PipR. In a previous study we reported that PipR activates an adjacent gene (pipA) coding for a proline iminopeptidase in response to Populus leaf macerates and peptides and that this activation is dependent on a putative ABC-type transporter [Schaefer AL, et al. (2016) mBio 7:e01101-16]. In this study we identify a chemical derived from ethanolamine that induces PipR activity at picomolar concentrations, and we present evidence that this is the active inducer present in plant leaf macerates. First, a screen of more than 750 compounds indicated ethanolamine was a potent inducer for the PipR-sensing system; however, ethanolamine failed to bind to the periplasmic-binding protein (PBP) required for the signal response. This led us to discover that a specific ethanolamine derivative, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino) acetamide (HEHEAA), binds to the PBP and serves as a potent PipR-dependent inducer. We also show that a compound, which coelutes with HEHEAA in HPLC and induces pipA gene expression in a PipR-dependent manner, can be found in Populus leaf macerates. This work sheds light on how plant-associated bacteria can sense their environment and on the nature of inducers for a family of plant-responsive LuxR-like transcription factors found in plant-associated bacteria.

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32

Lever, J. E. "Chemical inducers of differentiation in a long-term renal cell line." Environmental Health Perspectives 80 (March 1989): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8980173.

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Dhandhukia, Jugal, Isaac Weitzhandler, Wan Wang, and J. Andrew MacKay. "Switchable Elastin-Like Polypeptides that Respond to Chemical Inducers of Dimerization." Biomacromolecules 14, no. 4 (March 5, 2013): 976–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm301558q.

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34

Kelly, Ciarán L., Zilei Liu, Akihide Yoshihara, Sarah F. Jenkinson, Mark R. Wormald, Jose Otero, Amalia Estévez, et al. "Synthetic Chemical Inducers and Genetic Decoupling Enable Orthogonal Control of therhaBADPromoter." ACS Synthetic Biology 5, no. 10 (June 21, 2016): 1136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00030.

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35

Galtier, P., C. Eeckhoutte, and G. Larrieu. "Fasciola hepatica: Liver enzymes in rats and interaction with chemical inducers." Experimental Parasitology 63, no. 2 (April 1987): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(87)90161-5.

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Auad, Alexander Machado, and Tiago Teixeira de Resende. "Use of Chemical Inducers as a Resistance Trigger inBrachiariaGrasses and Sugarcane." Florida Entomologist 101, no. 1 (March 2018): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.101.0121.

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Wayne Schultz, L., and Jon Clardy. "Chemical inducers of dimerization: The atomic structure of FKBP12-FK1012A-FKBP12." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 8, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(97)10195-0.

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38

Elenany, Ahmed Mohammed, Mahmoud Mohammed Mohammed Atia, Entsar E. A. Abbas, Mahmoud Moustafa, Mohammed O. Alshaharni, Sally Negm, and Ahmed Saeed Mohammed Ali Elnahal. "Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot." Biology 13, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13040219.

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This study investigated the effectiveness of nanoparticles and chemical inducers in managing onion white rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum. The pathogen severely threatens onion cultivation, resulting in significant yield losses and economic setbacks. Traditional fungicides, though effective, raise environmental concerns, prompting a shift toward eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, four S. cepivorum isolates were utilized, each exhibiting varying degrees of pathogenicity, with the third isolate from Abu-Hamad demonstrating the highest potency. During the in vitro studies, three nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated, including Fe3O4 NPs, Cu NPs, and ZnO NPs, which demonstrated the potential to inhibit mycelial growth, with salicylic acid and Fe3O4 NPs exhibiting synergistic effects. In vivo, these nanoparticles reduced the disease incidence and severity, with Fe3O4 NPs at 1000–1400 ppm resulting in 65.0–80.0% incidence and 80.0–90.0% severity. ZnO NPs had the most positive impact on the chlorophyll content, while Cu NPs had minimal effects. At 1000 ppm, Fe3O4 NPs had variable effects on the phenolic compounds (total: 6.28, free: 4.81, related: 2.59), while ZnO NPs caused minor fluctuations (total: 3.60, free: 1.82, related: 1.73). For the chemical inducers, salicylic acid reduced the disease (10.0% incidence, 25.0% to 10.0% severity) and promoted growth, and it elevated the chlorophyll values and enhanced the phenolic compounds in infected onions. Potassium phosphate dibasic (PDP) had mixed effects, and ascorbic acid showed limited efficacy toward disease reduction. However, PDP at 1400 ppm and ascorbic acid at 1000 ppm elevated the chlorophyll values and enhanced the phenolic compounds. Furthermore, this study extended to traditional fungicides, highlighting their inhibitory effects on S. cepivorum. This research provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of these approaches, emphasizing their potential in eco-friendly onion white rot management.

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Alnefaie, Rasha M., Sahar A. EL-Sayed, Amany A. Ramadan, Ahmed I. Elmezien, Ahmed M. El-Taher, Timothy O. Randhir, and Ahmed Bondok. "Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Faba Bean Plants Infected with Chocolate Spot Disease to Chemical Inducers." Life 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020392.

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Plant diseases are biotic stresses that restrict crop plants’ ability to develop and produce. Numerous foliar diseases, such as chocolate spots, can cause significant production losses in Vicia faba plants. Certain chemical inducers, including salicylic acid (SA), oxalic acid (OA), nicotinic acid (NA), and benzoic acid (BA), were used in this study to assess efficacy in controlling these diseases. A foliar spray of these phenolic acids was used to manage the impacts of the biotic stress resulting from disease incidence. All tested chemical inducers resulted in a significant decrease in disease severity. They also enhanced the defense system of treated plants through increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1, 3-glucanase, and chitinase) compared to the corresponding control. Healthy leaves of faba plants recorded the lowest (p < 0.05) values of all antioxidant activities compared to those plants infected by Botrytis fabae. Moreover, the separation of proteins using SDS-PAGE showed slight differences among treatments. Furthermore, foliar spray with natural organic acids reduced the adverse effects of fungal infection by expediting recovery. The SA (5 mM) treatment produced a pronounced increase in the upper, lower epidermis, palisade thickness, spongy tissues, midrib zone, length, and width of vascular bundle. The foliar application with other treatments resulted in a slight increase in the thickness of the examined layers, especially by benzoic acid. In general, all tested chemical inducers could alleviate the adverse effects of the biotic stress on faba bean plants infected by Botrytis fabae.

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Agyemang, Paul A., Md Niamul Kabir, Caleb M. Kersey, and C. Korsi Dumenyo. "The Bacterial Soft Rot Pathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum and P. atrosepticum, Respond to Different Classes of Virulence-Inducing Host Chemical Signals." Horticulturae 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010013.

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Soft rot bacteria of the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera are Gram-negative phytopathogens that produce and secrete plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDE), the actions of which lead to rotting and decay of their hosts in the field and in storage. Host chemical signals are among the factors that induce the bacteria into extracellular enzyme production and virulence. A class of compounds (Class I) made up of intermediate products of cell wall (pectin) degradation induce exoenzyme synthesis through KdgR, a global negative regulator of exoenzyme production. While the KdgR− mutant of P. carotovorum is no longer inducible by Class I inducers, we demonstrated that exoenzyme production is induced in this strain in the presence of extracts from hosts including celery, potato, carrot, and tomato, suggesting that host plants contain another class of compounds (Class II inducers) different from the plant cell wall-degradative products that work through KdgR. The Class II inducers are thermostable, water-soluble, diffusible, and dialysable through 1 kDa molecular weight cut off pore size membranes, and could be a target for soft rot disease management strategies.

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Guo, Xiaomei, Shidong Yang, Xiaojun Li, Liang Shi, Ertian Hua, and Zuchao Zhu. "The Tip Clearance Cavitation Mechanism of a High-Speed Centrifugal Pump with a Splitter-Bladed Inducer." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091576.

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For a high-speed centrifugal pump, cavitation occurs easily. To equip a high-performance splitter-bladed inducer upstream of the pump is an effective method to suppress cavitation. In this paper, an external characteristics experiment of the high-speed centrifugal pump with a splitter-bladed inducer is carried out, and the corresponding numerical calculations are completed. The research shows that the results of the numerical calculation are credible. Numerical cavitation calculations under eight different tip clearance conditions are carried out. First, it is found that the tip clearance (TC) has a certain impact on the head of the centrifugal pump. When TC is in a small range, the clearance leakage is small, and the impact on the head of the pump is not so obvious, which can give the pump a higher performance. Second, it is found that TC has a certain influence on the static pressure distribution in the cascade passage of the splitter-bladed inducer. When TC is in a certain range, the increasement in TC will aggravate the cavitation at the suction surface of the long blades near the inlet. When it exceeds the certain range, it will cause cavitation at the outlet of the inducer. At last, it is found that the cavitation’s severity and position of the inducer are closely related to TC. TC affects the magnitude and position of vorticity in the inducer’s passage. In this paper the flow mechanism of TC is revealed, and its research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the design of the tip clearance of the inducers.

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Hahn, Dongyup, Seung Ho Shin, and Jong-Sup Bae. "Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression." Antioxidants 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121191.

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Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.

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Yan, Tingting, Sheng Yang, Yuan Chen, Qian Wang, and Gaiyun Li. "Chemical Profiles of Cultivated Agarwood Induced by Different Techniques." Molecules 24, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101990.

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Agarwood is the resinous wood produced in some Aquilaria species and is highly valued for wide usages in medicine, incense, and perfume. To protect the threatened Aquilaria species, the cultivation of Aquilaria sinensis and artificial agarwood induction techniques have been effectively established in China. To evaluate the quality of agarwood induced by different techniques, patterns of chemical constituents in artificial agarwood by four methods (wounding using an axe, burning-chisel-drilling, chemical inducer, and biological inoculation) were analyzed and compared by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS in this study. Results of GC-MS gave a panorama of chemical constituents in agarwood, including aromatic compounds, steroids, fatty acids, sesquiterpenoids, and 2-(2-phenlyethyl)-chromones (PECs). Sesquiterpenoids were dominant in agarwood induced by wounding using an axe. PEC comprised over 60% of components in agarwood produced by biological inoculation and chemical inducers. PECs were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in all artificial agarwood and the relative contents varied in different groups. Tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromones (THPECs) in wounding by axes induced agarwood were lower while 2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromones (FPECs) were higher than other groups. The results showed that methods used for inducing agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis affect the chemical constituents of agarwood.

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Zhao, Weiye, Yufan Wang, and Fu-Sen Liang. "Chemical and Light Inducible Epigenome Editing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030998.

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The epigenome defines the unique gene expression patterns and resulting cellular behaviors in different cell types. Epigenome dysregulation has been directly linked to various human diseases. Epigenome editing enabling genome locus-specific targeting of epigenome modifiers to directly alter specific local epigenome modifications offers a revolutionary tool for mechanistic studies in epigenome regulation as well as the development of novel epigenome therapies. Inducible and reversible epigenome editing provides unique temporal control critical for understanding the dynamics and kinetics of epigenome regulation. This review summarizes the progress in the development of spatiotemporal-specific tools using small molecules or light as inducers to achieve the conditional control of epigenome editing and their applications in epigenetic research.

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Kostornoi, Oleksandr, Valentyna Kucenko, Michail Laktionov, Pavlo Tkach, Nataliia Pidopryhora, and Тetiana Makhanova. "Experience in Selection of Cavitation-Resistant Steels for Inducers of Centrifugal Pumps of JSC "VNIIAEN" Specialization." Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2021.5.1.228965.

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To formulate the problems of increasing the resistance to cavitation erosion of the hydraulic parts of centrifugal pumps by selecting the most suitable steel grades and to review the experience of using cavitation-resistant steels for inducers of centrifugal pumps of JSC “VNIIAEN” specialization. Analytical and statistical analyses were carried out using research and experimental development data of cavitation-resistant steels for inducers of centrifugal pumps at JSC "VNIIAEN", as well as using data from open access publications. The article deals with the problem of centrifugal pump hydraulic part failure caused by cavitation. It has been actually demonstrated that the most effective way to improve the cavitation performance of centrifugal pumps is to use an inducer upstream of the first stage impeller. Therefore, the study of cavitation-resistant steels was carried out on inducers which are most exposed to cavitation when operating under condition of developed cavitation. The results of tests carried out on experimental model test rig and full – scale pumps are presented. The selection of steels resistant to cavitation has been optimized. The relationship between the chemical and mechanical properties of steels and resistance to cavitation is shown. In addition, the essential role of structural properties of steel is shown in terms of heat of steel 08Х15Н4ДМЛ. The article provides a rationale for the fact that the potential for improving the cavitation-erosion properties of the hydraulic parts of centrifugal pumps solely by improving their hydrodynamic characteristics is practically exhausted; therefore, more attention should be paid to the search for cavitation-resistant steels used for the manufacture of hydraulic parts. It is shown that in order to achieve the best cavitation-erosion properties, it is necessary to provide a certain interaction of the selected chemical and mechanical properties of materials. The possibility of achieving better resistance to cavitation erosion by modifying the melting process is shown in terms of steel 08Х15Н4ДМЛ.

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Khalifa, Mamdouh, Mohamed Ibrahim, and Ahmed Abd-El-Baky. "Induced Systemic Resistance Against Fusarium Wilt of Sesame by some Chemical Inducers." Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 39, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejp.2011.158772.

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Ramesh, Saravanan, Kavitha Govarthanan, Serge Ostrovidov, Haiguang Zhang, Qingxi Hu, Gulden Camci-Unal, Rama S. Verma, and Murugan Ramalingam. "Cardiac Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Impact of Biological and Chemical Inducers." Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 17, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 1343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-021-10165-3.

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48

Márquez-Quiroga, Linda Vanessa, Jaime Arellanes-Robledo, Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón, Saul Villa-Treviño, and Pablo Muriel. "Models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis potentiated by chemical inducers leading to hepatocellular carcinoma." Biochemical Pharmacology 195 (January 2022): 114845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114845.

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49

Dogra, Satish C., Murray L. Whitelaw, and Brian K. May. "TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 GENES BY DIFFERENT CLASSES OF CHEMICAL INDUCERS." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 25, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02135.x.

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50

Weich, N., PA Marks, and RA Rifkind. "Relationship between globin mRNA accumulation and commitment to terminal cell differentiation in inducer sensitive and resistant erythroleukemia variants." Blood 76, no. 2 (July 15, 1990): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.2.302.302.

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Анотація:

Abstract The relationship between the kinetics of commitment to terminal cell differentiation and the rates of accumulation of globin mRNA has been examined during the induction of erythroid differentiation by polar/apolar chemical inducers in murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC), under conditions of more and less rapid commitment. Two differentiation inducers and three MELC variants have been studied. Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) initiates more rapid commitment than does dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO). MELC variant DR10 is resistant to induction by Me2SO and responds sluggishly to HMBA, in comparison with the DS19- Sc9 variant. V3.17, an MELC variant resistant to low concentrations of vincristine, shows increased sensitivity to the inducers and an accelerated rate of commitment to terminal differentiation compared with DS19-Sc9. It is demonstrated that commitment and the actual expression of differentiation, as measured by the accumulation of alpha- , beta maj-, and beta min-globin mRNA, are temporally coordinated functions during induced differentiation of a transformed cell line by exposure to polar/apolar agents.

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