Статті в журналах: "Chemical engineering Australia Economic aspects"

1

Festel, G. W. "Biofuels – Economic Aspects." Chemical Engineering & Technology 31, no. 5 (May 2008): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200700335.

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2

Fels, M., D. F. Cooper, and M. N. Patterson. "Economic aspects of wood-burning installations." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 66, no. 3 (June 1988): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450660327.

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3

Drummond, M. F., and H. S. Shannon. "Economic aspects of risk assessment in chemical safety." Science of The Total Environment 51 (May 1986): 81–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90295-0.

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4

Paunović, Perica. "Electrometallurgy: electrochemical, economic and environmental (3E) aspects." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 30, no. 1 (June 15, 2011): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2011.72.

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This paper is concerned with electrolysis processes aimed for production and refining of metals. This engineering field is named electrometallurgy. The main aspects of electrometallurgy such as electrochemical, energetic/economic and environmental ones are given. The peculiarity of electrorefining and electrowining in both aqueous electrolytes and molten salts are shown. The impact of energetic parameters, such as cell voltage and current efficiency on the economic justification of the electrolysis process is analyzed. It is emphasized that electrolysis is considerably cleaner technology than the pyrometallurgical production and refining of metals.

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5

Graczová, Elena, Branislav Šulgan, Samuel Barabas, and Pavol Steltenpohl. "Methyl acetate–methanol mixture separation by extractive distillation: Economic aspects." Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 2018): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1769-9.

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6

BANKS, FERDINAND E. "Some Economic Aspects of the World Oil Market." Energy Sources 16, no. 2 (April 1994): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319408909075.

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7

Banks, Ferdinand E. "Economic Theory and Some Aspects of Natural Gas." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 1, no. 2 (July 2006): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567240500397992.

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8

Ahmad, M., M. Zafar, A. Azam, H. Sadia, M. A. Khan, and S. Sultana. "Techno-economic Aspects of Biodiesel Production and Characterization." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 6, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2010.529557.

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9

Al-Malack, Muhammad H. "Technical and economic aspects of crossflow microfiltration." Desalination 155, no. 1 (May 2003): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(03)00242-x.

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10

Palomenaque-Santiago, J. F., J. Guzman, and A. J. Zuñiga-Mendiola. "SIMULATION OF THE NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION PROCESS WITHMEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 15, no. 2 (March 10, 2016): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/ip1238.

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11

Bondarenko, V. L., I. A. Losyakov, and O. V. Diachenko. "Economic Aspects of Krypton and Xenon Production Technology." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 56, no. 3-4 (July 2020): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-020-00768-x.

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12

Rynn, J. M. W., E. Brennan, P. R. Hughes, I. S. Pedersen, and H. J. Stuart. "The 1989 Newcastle, Australia, earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 2 (June 30, 1992): 77–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.2.77-144.

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The vulnerability of urban environments in continental regions to earthquake forces was explicitly demonstrated in Australia's devastating Newcastle earthquake on December 28, 1989. This moderately-sized earthquake of Richter magnitude ML 5.6 (Moment magnitude M 5.3) claimed 13 lives, damaged more than 70,000 properties and left an estimated total loss of about $AU (1991) 4 billion. The need for an earthquake mitigation programme in Australia was thus clearly established. It is for this reason that a multidisciplinary approach involving seismology, geology, engineering, insurance, local government and emergency services is being followed to study this event and its consequences. The earthquake source is defined as being on a thrust fault trending NW-SE dipping 75° to the NE, with a depth of focus at 11.5 km, source radius of 1.86 km, stress drop of at least 24 bars and a displacement along the rupture surface of at least 310 mm. The epicentre is located at 32.95°S, 151.61°E close to Boolaroo, about 15 km SW of the City of Newcastle, and with an epicentral error of about + 15 km. More than 100,000 observations from damage and felt reports are being analysed and integrated with the wide experiences gained in the rescue, recovery and renewal phases that have extended over the two years since the event. The specific issue of the geotechnical aspects is of great importance. It is being considered from the view of urban geology (surface alluvial sediments), rather than from theoretical considerations, to explain the major extent of building damage on the alluvial areas, amplification and liquefaction. Apart from the immediate "causes" of damage, serious consideration is being given to the long-term effects which have resulted in the latent and recurrent defects to buildings. The engineering findings from the Newcastle earthquake are discussed in detail. While it is uneconomical and not necessary to design a structure to withstand the greatest likely earthquake without damage in Australia, the cost of providing strength to resist very high intensity loads must be weighed against the importance of the structure and probability of the earthquakes, particularly in areas such as this with relatively little known seismic histories. Lessons for local government authorities who had not previously considered seismic activity are addressed. Based on the response and recovery of the City of Newcastle, the lessons include the development of a recovery management plan, revision of building regulations and the requirements for hazard mitigation. Unfortunately, several misconceptions about some aspects of the consequences of this earthquake have arisen. These concern the limitations of some analyses, use of selected data sets rather than all the available data and apparent lack of understanding of complex, rather than singular, causal relationships. Implications for the engineering, insurance and possibly the legal professions need to be considered. The potential to reduce losses in future earthquakes in Australia through an earthquake mitigation programme is now an achievable goal. The scenarios of such an event occurring at a different time or in a different city can be addressed, based on the Newcastle and other international experiences. Sufficient information is available to prepare the revised Australian earthquake loading code as a reliable and practical document for use by engineers. The consequences of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake have also captured the interest of researchers from many other continental areas of the Earth who must consider preparations for similar situations. All aspects of the study ultimately lead to the preparedness of urban communities to deal with such consequences with the assistance of emergency services agencies to minimize the social and economic traumas that will inevitably occur.

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13

Changli, I. D. "Reforming the state mechanism of the Soviet State in 1985-1991: Economic, social and legal aspects." Sociology and Law 14, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2022-3-383-390.

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The article considers the main legal, economic and other prerequisites that determined the reform of the state-legal and economic systems of the USSR in the second half of the 80s of the XX century. The article also outlines the main results of the reforms, expressed in the gradual loss of sovereignty by the all-Union state authorities on the territory of the USSR, as well as in a gradual transition from an administrative-command economic system to a market economy.

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14

Eifer, I. Z. "Technical and economic aspects of regeneration of processing solutions." Fibre Chemistry 25, no. 1 (1993): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00545347.

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15

Man, Z., A. G. Ebadi, S. M. Mostafavi, and A. Surendar. "Fuel oil characteristics and applications: economic and technological aspects." Petroleum Science and Technology 37, no. 9 (February 19, 2019): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2019.1570256.

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16

Brandrup, Johannes. "The economic and ecological aspects of reprocessing of plastics wastes." Polimery 42, no. 11/12 (November 1997): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1997.645.

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17

Gloyna, E. F., L. Li, and R. N. McBrayer. "Engineering aspects of supercritical water oxidation." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 9 (November 1, 1994): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0432.

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This paper emphasizes the engineering aspects of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), including organic destruction, inorganic solubility, corrosion, catalysis, heat transfer, and treatability studies. The development program involving a 2.5 liter-per-minute SCWO pilot-plant is described. Also, design considerations for the commercial SCWO processing facility, including materials of construction, reactor design, heat recovery, control strategy, safety requirements, and process integration are discussed. The University of Texas at Austin (UT) and Eco Waste Technologies (EWT), respectively, are involved in research and development of SCWO technology. This R&D effort has resulted in the design and construction of a commercial SCWO processing facility for the Texaco Chemical Company located in Austin, Texas. The facility will become operational in early 1994. SCWO technology relies on the unique properties of supercritical water to create a useful and effective reaction medium. The SCWO system is capable of operating as a totally enclosed treatment facility, providing complete destruction, and meeting regulatory effluent requirements. As such, this technology is an environmentally attractive, safe and economic wastewater treatment and sludge disposal option.

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18

Benita, Rahma Tri. "The Corelation of Pandemic and Indonesia Presidency of G20 in The Capital Market G20 Member Countries." Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 3, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v3i3.315.

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The correlation between the capital market of G20 member countries is important to analyze.Depending on a country’s economy, capital market integration may have different effects. A more intensebilateral relationship (trade intensity) can significantly affect the movement of capital market sharesbetween countries. The current research used the Multivariate GARCH Model/DCC-GARCH method. Thecondition of capital market integration before the Indonesian G20 Presidency showed that Indonesia(JKSE) had the strongest integration with Australia (ASX) (0.563814) and South Korea (KOSPI) (0.542470).After the G20 presidency, Indonesia (JKSE) had the strongest capital market integration with India (NSE)(0.507229) and the USA (NYSE). It was also found that China (SSE) had an integration with South Korea(KOSPI), while Germany (DAX) and Australia (ASX) had an integration with the UK (FTSE100). Theconclusion is that the higher autocorrelation, the higher the effect of the volatility of stock marketmovements in the two countries involved. Furthermore, capital market integration can be influenced bygeospatial and economic relations.

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19

Anwar, Mohammad. "Biodiesel feedstocks selection strategies based on economic, technical, and sustainable aspects." Fuel 283 (January 2021): 119204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119204.

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20

Braşoveanu, M., M. R. Nemţanu, and D. Duţă. "Electron-beam processed corn starch: evaluation of physicochemical and structural properties and technical-economic aspects of the processing." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 30, no. 4 (December 2013): 847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322013000400016.

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21

Shydlovska, N. A., S. M. Zakharchenko, M. F. Zakharchenko, I. L. Mazurenko, and M. A. Kulida. "PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MODERN METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT FOR THERMAL AND NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.04.069.

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A critical analysis of modern electric-physical and electric-chemical methods of water treatment is given in the context of the efficiency of treatment surface natural waters for the thermal and nuclear power engineering. Physical aspects of electric-chemical coagulation are considered. Theoretical values of the specific energy of destruction of passivation films on the surface of aluminum and iron electrodes, as well as the minimum voltages required for this, are calculated. The mechanisms of conversion of the energy of discharge pulses in a layer of granules of metal forming a coagulant immersed in water are described. According to the described model of energy conversion processes, the minimum theoretical values of the specific energy of the formation of erosive Al and Fe particles from molten and evaporated metal are calculated. A technique for studying the energy efficiency of plasma-erosion coagulation under laboratory conditions is described, and the results of these studies are presented. The specific energy of purification of 1 m3 of water by electric-chemical and plasma-erosion coagulation was calculated in various modes using Al and Fe as metals forming the coagulant. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, recommendations for ways to improve the energy efficiency of plasma-erosion coagulation modes are given. References 29, figure 1, table 1.

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22

Oldfield, John W., and Brian Todd. "Technical and economic aspects of stainless steels in MSF desalination plants." Desalination 124, no. 1-3 (November 1999): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(99)00090-9.

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23

Ishchuk, Svitlana O. "The processing industry development capacity in Ukraine: regional aspects." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 1(147) (2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2021-1-1.

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To ensure competitiveness in world markets in the context of deepening globalization processes, Ukraine needs to adjust its own raw material base, which will qualitatively change the structure of Ukrainian exports from raw materials to goods with a high share of value added. The purpose of the article is to assess the development capacity of chemical, textile, agro-processing, and woodworking industries of Ukraine on the basis of import substitution and export orientation and substantiation of organizational and economic forms of its practical implementation. The author’s interpretation of the term “capacity of industrial system development” is offered. Based on the results of the technological profile analysis, the level of capacity utilization and performance indicators of the largest chemical enterprises of Ukraine, and strategic guidelines for the development of promising chemical industries are substantiated and organizational and economic forms of realizing their capacity are suggested, in particular in the Western region. Proposals for ensuring competitive conditions for participants in the domestic market of light industry products are provided, the need for simplified regulatory procedures and investment incentives to ensure the development of domestic light industry enterprises is substantiated. An organizational mechanism for restoring the raw material base of textile and other industries is developed. The regions of Ukraine are grouped according to the capacity of timber harvesting and industrial processing. The perspective directions of development of the woodworking industry in the Western region (in the context of productions) are defined and the basic strategies of their realization focused on the internal and external markets of production are outlined. The organizational forms of realization of the development capacity of agro-processing productions in Ukraine and mechanisms of their institutional support are offered.

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24

Sato, André Kiyoshi Coutinho, Regina Franciélle Silva Paulino, Victor Arruda Ferraz de Campos, Celso Eduardo Tuna, and José Luz Silveira. "Technical and economic aspects of coke gasification in the petroleum refining industry." Fuel 323 (September 2022): 124225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124225.

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25

Baker, Jenifer M. "Ecological Effectiveness of Oil Spill Countermeasures: How Clean is Clean?" Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971010135.

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Introduction: In the aftermath of an oil spill, what should drive the cleanup response and when is it reasonable to stop cleaning? Further, which of the diversity of oil spill clean-up technologies as described in other chapters of this volume might be employed most effectively to achieve this elusive goal? These are complex questions involving chemical, ecological, socio-economic and political considerations and there are no simple answers. It is important to identify and build consensus for recommended clean-up protocols. These recommendations should be based on the considerable experience that has accumulated over the past 30 years. It is the intent of this paper to identify key points and issues with respect to ecological aspects, bearing in mind that these in turn commonly relate to socio-economic aspects.

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26

Zagklis, Dimitris P., and Georgios Bampos. "Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Technologies: A Review of Technical, Economic, and Life Cycle Aspects." Processes 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112304.

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The activated sludge process is the most widespread sewage treatment method. It typically consists of a pretreatment step, followed by a primary settling tank, an aerobic degradation process, and, finally, a secondary settling tank. The secondary effluent is then usually chlorinated and discharged to a water body. Tertiary treatment aims at improving the characteristics of the secondary effluent to facilitate its reuse. In this work, through a literature review of the most prominent tertiary treatment methods, a benchmarking of their technical efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental impact was carried out. The photo-Fenton method proved to be the most technically efficient process, significantly reducing the microbial load and pharmaceutical content (by 4.9 log and 84%, respectively) of the secondary effluent. Chlorination and UV irradiation exhibited the lowest treatment costs (0.004 EUR/m−3) and the lowest global warming potential (0.04 and 0.09 kg CO2eq. m−3, respectively). After all the data were aggregated, a decision-making tool was constructed in the form of a ternary diagram, which indicates the most appropriate tertiary treatment method according to the weight-per-process aspect (technical, economic, and environmental) selected by the user, with chlorination, UV irradiation, ozonation, microalgae cultivation, and constructed wetlands prevailing in the final results.

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27

Strassberger, Zea, Stefania Tanase, and Gadi Rothenberg. "The pros and cons of lignin valorisation in an integrated biorefinery." RSC Adv. 4, no. 48 (2014): 25310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04747h.

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Wood to chemicals is the subject of this short critical review, that outlines the chemical and economic aspects of several short-term and long-term perspectives for the valorisation of lignin to aromatics, polymers and materials.

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28

Vighi, M. "Ecotoxicological Contribution for the Economic Evaluation of Water Pollution Control Strategies." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (June 1, 1992): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0326.

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A strategy for the control of environmental pollution should be based on three fundamental steps: a- assessment of the environmental aspects of the problem (exposure to pollutant chemicals, damages to man and the environment, etc ); b- economic evaluation (costs and benefits from chemical usage, evaluation of damages, etc ); c- institutional aspects (adoption of environmental standards, regulations, etc. ). Thus, an efficient collaboration between environmental and social sciences is of paramount importance in environmental decision making. To reach this objective it is essential to know exactly what kind of information can be produced by each science. In this paper an integrated ecotoxicological approach, able to produce descriptive as well predictive results, is presented. Its application to an exercise of collaboration between ecotoxicology and socio-economical sciences is discussed. From this point of view, the case history of herbicide contamination of groundwater in Italy is described.

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29

Korychenskyi, K. O., T. V. Lavrova, and O. V. Voitsekhovych. "Ecological and Economic Aspects of Phosphogypsum Safety Management at the Former Uranium Production Site “Pridniproivsky Chemical Plant”." 36, no. 36 (December 29, 2021): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2021-36-08.

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Purpose: Justification the possibility of safe re-use and recycling of the residues of Uranium-containing raw material processing as an element of the remediation strategy for bringing the site of the former "Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant" (PChP)to a safe state. Methods: Site specific field studies and analytical methods for determining of the radionuclides of Uranium-Thorium series, as well as useful mineral elements in the residues of Uranium production, assessment of safe management and possible options for its re-use and recycling. Results: According to the results of monitoring studies on the radionuclide and hydrochemical composition of groundwater at the PChP industrial site for the period from 2009 to 2021 year, a high content of sulfates and an increased content of uranium in groundwater under the body of the Dniprovske tailing dump, which has a phosphogypsum coating on its surface, was revealed. Phosphogypsum is considered, on the one hand, as a source of groundwater pollution, and on the other, as a potential resource for its possible reuse and processing. The results of experimental studies of the content of natural radionuclides and the elemental composition of mineral residues of ore production at the site of the former uranium ore processing plant "PChP" are also provided, as well as an safety assessment of their handling and the options of their possible processing as an element of the strategy for bringing the site to a safe state. Conclusions: The possibility and necessity of safe processing of phosphogypsum on the surface of the tailings "Dniprovske" with its simultaneous replacement by a new soil cover is proved.

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30

Arsu, Talip, and Ejder Ayçin. "Evaluation of OECD Countries with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in terms of Economic, Social and Environmental Aspects." Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/oresta20402055a.

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Exhausted natural resources and deteriorating ecological balance, together with the social privileges that people expect to have, are proof that the development of countries cannot be reduced to economic development alone. In this respect, this study aimed to evaluate the economic, social and environmental aspects of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Within this scope, the countries were firstly divided into two groups by performing cluster analysis in order to create more homogeneous country groups. Then, 12 criteria, consisting of four economic, four social and four environmental criteria, were determined by considering the literature and expert opinions. The criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method was used to weight the determined criteria and using the calculated criterion weights, the countries in each cluster were then evaluated with the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) method. As a result, the most successful countries in the first cluster were determined as Switzerland, Denmark and Ireland with 68.8%, 62.7% and 62.5% performance scores, respectively. Whereas, the most unsuccessful countries were USA, Canada and Australia with 49.8%, 50.0% and 50.1% performance scores, respectively. The most successful countries in the second cluster were found as Slovenia, Spain and Portugal with 65.9%, 65.5% and 64.5% performance scores, while the most unsuccessful countries were Turkey, Chile and Colombia with 45.9%, 55.4% and 55.9% performance scores, respectively. Finally, in order to test the sensitivity of the MARCOS method, the solution was repeated with the MAIRCA, WASPAS, MABAC and CoCoSo methods using the weights obtained by the CRITIC method. A high correlation (greater than 80%) was found between the rankings acquired using the other methods and the rankings obtained by the MARCOS method.

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31

Bakshi, Bhavik R. "Toward Sustainable Chemical Engineering: The Role of Process Systems Engineering." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030332.

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Products from chemical engineering are essential for human well-being, but they also contribute to the degradation of ecosystem goods and services that are essential for sustaining all human activities. To contribute to sustainability, chemical engineering needs to address this paradox by developing chemical products and processes that meet the needs of present and future generations. Unintended harm of chemical engineering has usually appeared outside the discipline's traditional system boundary due to shifting of impacts across space, time, flows, or disciplines, and exceeding nature's capacity to supply goods and services. Being a subdiscipline of chemical engineering, process systems engineering (PSE) is best suited for ensuring that chemical engineering makes net positive contributions to sustainable development. This article reviews the role of PSE in the quest toward a sustainable chemical engineering. It focuses on advances in metrics, process design, product design, and process dynamics and control toward sustainability. Efforts toward contributing to this quest have already expanded the boundary of PSE to consider economic, environmental, and societal aspects of processes, products, and their life cycles. Future efforts need to account for the role of ecosystems in supporting industrial activities, and the effects of human behavior and markets on the environmental impacts of chemical products. Close interaction is needed between the reductionism of chemical engineering science and the holism of process systems engineering, along with a shift in the engineering paradigm from wanting to dominate nature to learning from it and respecting its limits.

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32

Ilic-Stojanovic, Snezana, and Sinisa Djordjevic. "Intellectual property protection of pharmaceutical products and processes." Chemical Industry 57, no. 3 (2003): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0303126i.

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The role of intellectual property is significantly increasing within new international economic and commercial relationships. Intellectual capital is being increasingly recognised as one of the most important domains belonging to the greatest and the most powerful world companies. Intellectual property protection is a complex category and it comprises legal, technical and economical-financial aspects.

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33

Boyden, B. H., L. Nador, S. Addleman, and L. Jeston. "The economic pre-treatment of coal mine drainage water with caustic and ozone." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 5 (May 5, 2017): 1022–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.263.

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Coal mine drainage waters are low in pH with varying amounts of iron and manganese and are generally brackish. The Austar Coal Mine in NSW, Australia, sought alternatives to their current lime dosing as the pre-treatment before the downstream reverse osmosis plant. Undesirable operating aspects of the current system include manganese and gypsum scaling/fouling, the need for anti-scalants and reduced water recovery. Thirteen processes for acid mine drainage were initially considered. The preferred process of caustic and ozone for Mn(II) oxidation was pilot tested at up to 0.74 kL/hr at the mine site. Under proper conditions and no aeration, about 81 per cent of the Fe could be removed (initially at 156 mg/L) as green rust. Supplemental aeration followed first-order kinetics and allowed 99.9 per cent Fe(II) oxidation and removal but only with a hydraulic residence time of about 47 minutes. The addition of supplemental Cu catalyst improved Fe removal. Ozone applied after caustic was effective in stoichiometrically oxidising recalcitrant Mn(II) and any remaining Fe(II). Control of the ozonation was achieved using the oxidation reduction potential during oxidation of the Mn(II) species. The use of caustic, followed by ozone, proved economically comparable to the current lime pre-treatment.

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34

Zhang, Jing, Jia-Bao Liu, Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, and Waqas Nazeer. "Energy and economic aspects of synthesis gas production from oil sludge and plastic waste." Petroleum Science and Technology 37, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2018.1550501.

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35

Kalutara, Pushpitha, Guomin Zhang, Sujeeva Setunge, and Ron Wakefield. "Factors that influence Australian community buildings’ sustainable management." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2015-0158.

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Purpose Australia has a huge stock of community buildings built up over decades. Their replacements consume a large sum of money from country’s economy which has called for a strategy for their sustainable management. For this, a comprehensive decision-making structure is an utmost requirement. The purpose of this paper is to capture their sustainable management from four aspects, i.e. environmental, economic, social and functional. Design/methodology/approach The design process follows an extensive review of environmental and life cycle assessments and company context documents. Extracted factors are tailored to community buildings management following expert consultation. However, the resulted list of factors is extremely large, and “factor analysis” technique is used to group the factors. For this, an industry-wide questionnaire across Australian local councils is employed to solicit opinions of the list of factors. Findings The analysis has pinpointed 18 key parameters (criteria) to represent all four aspects. This paper presents the preliminary findings of the factors and the analysis results based on the questionnaire responses. Practical implications The final decision-making structure incorporates all these aspects and criteria. This can be used to develop a decision-making model which produces a sustainability index for building components. Asset managers can mainly use the sustainability index to prioritise their maintenance activities and eventually, to find out cost-optimisation options for them. Originality/value Most notably, this is the first study to apply all four sustainability aspects (environmental, economic, social and functional) to develop a decision-making structure for Australian community buildings’ sustainable management.

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Villa Gomez, Denys, Enrique Sáez Salgado, Olivia Mejías, Aurora Margarita Pat-Espadas, Laura Alejandra Pinedo Torres, Laura Jackson, and Anita Parbhakar-Fox. "Data Integration of Critical Elements from Mine Waste in Mexico, Chile and Australia." Minerals 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020122.

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Due to an extensive history of mining activities common to Mexico, Chile and Australia there is a vast mine waste legacy. Whilst these wastes present ongoing challenges regarding their management, they may represent a source of elements supporting the transition towards a low carbon future. Hence, our study aims to demonstrate the value of establishing a chemical database from publicly available tailings data collated from the three countries to assess their potential as a secondary resource of elements classified as critical or with high economic relevance. Overall, 2976 data samples were identified, analysed and georeferenced from 159, 642 and 7 Mexican, Chilean and Australian deposits, respectively. Data analysis shows that Mexico has significant potential for Bi, Sb, W, In, Zn and Mo with outstanding values in Sonora State, while Chile has significant potential for Bi, Sb, W and Mo, mostly from northern to central regions and Zn to the south. Whilst data from Australia are still being compiled, the potential for Co was recognised. The research exposes that available information is insufficient and highlights the need for an international report or assessment code for mine waste that encourages resource recovery from these resources and circular economy practices.

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Golinko, Vasyl. "INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT IN COAL MINING." JOURNAL of Donetsk Mining Institute, no. 1 (2022): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-32-39.

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Purpose. To determine methodological approaches to the integrated assessment of accidents and hazards of coal mining processes, which allow taking into account the mining and geological conditions of coal mining at a particular mining enterprise. Methods. Analytical methods, methods of probability theory, statistical processing of accidents at coal mines of Ukraine and methods of economic and mathematical modelling are used in the work. Results. Methodological bases for integrated assessment of hazards and harmfulness of production taking into account mining and geological conditions of coal mining are developed. It is shown that ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. It is shown that the occurrence of accidents and hazards caused by hazardous production factors is probabilistic, so the economic assessment of these phenomena should be unified and take into account the expected economic losses in accidents and hazards and the probabilistic nature of these phenomena. Scientific novelty. For the first time it was proposed to use the economic assessment of hazardous and harmful production factors typical of the process or production as an integral assessment of accident rate, measure of hazardousness and harmfulness of a technological process or production. Practical value. The ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. Availability of an integrated assessment of hazardous and harmful phenomena of coal mining allows taking more reasonable decisions aimed at preserving and developing the potential of the coal industry, as well as selection and justification of decisions on design and construction of new energy facilities taking into account social and economic aspects

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Nurioglu, Ayda G., A. Catarina C. Esteves, and Gijsbertus de With. "Non-toxic, non-biocide-release antifouling coatings based on molecular structure design for marine applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 32 (2015): 6547–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00232j.

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Antifouling (AF) coatings bring economic benefits but raise environmental and health concerns. Non-toxic, non-biocide-release AF strategies are reviewed according to “detachment of biofoulants” and “prevention of attachment” approaches. Chemical and physical aspects of AF mechanisms and new amphiphilic, superhydrophilic and topographic AF strategies are discussed.

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Christ, Alexander, Bijan Rahimi, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, and Hui Tong Chua. "Techno-economic analysis of geothermal desalination using Hot Sedimentary Aquifers: A pre-feasibility study for Western Australia." Desalination 404 (February 2017): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.11.009.

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Kalair, Ali Raza, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Muhammad Shoaib Saleem, Naeem Abas, Shoaib Rauf, and Alex Stojcevski. "A Comparative Thermal Performance Assessment of Various Solar Collectors for Domestic Water Heating." International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (June 16, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9536772.

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Growing population, depleting fossil fuels, economic expansions, and energy intensive life style demand are resulting in higher energy prices. We use energy as of heat and electricity, which can directly be obtained from sun using thermal collectors and solar cells. Solar thermal systems are gaining attention for water and space heating applications due to green aspects of solar energy. A solar thermal collector is a vital part of solar thermal energy system to absorb radiant energy from the sun. In this study, a solar water heating (SWH) system has been designed and simulated in the TRNSYS ® software using thermal and chemical properties of heat transfer fluids using REFPROP for dwellings located on ±31° latitudes (+31 Lahore in Pakistan and -31° Perth in Australia). We present an efficiency parametric optimization-based model for water and space heating. Simulation results for four types of solar thermal collectors are presented, and performance is analyzed on the basis of output temperature ( T out ), solar fraction ( f ), and collector efficiency ( η ). This study evaluates the comparative performance of evacuated tube collector (ETC), flat-plate collector (FPC), compound parabolic concentrator (CPC), and thermosiphon-driven systems. Our findings conclude the evacuated glass tube collector achieves the highest solar fraction, i.e., 50% of demand coverage during August in Pakistan and February in Australia, with an overall average of 43% annually.

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Buynov, D. O. "Types of Digital Traces of Crimes in the Field of Economic Activity and Features of their Study by an Expert." Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, no. 11 (October 20, 2022): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.144.11.140-148.

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The purpose of this paper is to highlight various types of digital traces that carry the most significant information in the investigation of crimes in the field of economic activity, and to determine the features of their study by an expert. The author sets a number of tasks: to analyze the types of economic crimes and the methods of their commission for the possibility of the formation of digital traces in the course of the implementation of these offenses; to identify different types of digital traces specific to each type of crime; to study judicial and expert practice in the production of forensic examinations, the object of which are digital traces. The author identifies some types of digital traces that have the greatest forensic significance in the investigation of the above crimes, outlines their peculiarities and main features, and considers certain aspects of the expert study of these digital traces. The author concludes that the most common digital traces in the investigation of economic crimes are electronic accounting documents; information posted on a website used in criminal activities; server data on site registration and account transactions. In this regard, it is most expedient to collect digital traces: a) by seizing a material carrier of information containing electronic accounting documents; b) by creating a screenshot of the site containing the information necessary for the investigation of the crime; c) by sending a request to the owner of the server on whose resources the website used in criminal activities is located. For an expert study of digital traces of economic content, it is necessary to conduct a complex of forensic examinations.

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Subiela-Ortín, Vicente J., Baltasar Peñate-Suárez, and Juan A. de la Fuente-Bencomo. "Main Technical and Economic Guidelines to Implement Wind/Solar-Powered Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Systems." Processes 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040653.

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The use of renewable energy for desalination started in the 1980s, in order to provide a sustainable water supply in windy/sunny areas with water shortages. Nevertheless, this initiative has been generally limited to the R&D field and prototypes, with few units operating under real conditions. The research tradition in this field carried out by the Canary Islands Institute of Technology, based on pilot facilities, resulted in wide expertise on practical issues, as well as a deep knowledge on the state of the art. This paper deals with the most relevant technical aspects to be considered in the optimal design and operation of wind/photovoltaic (PV)-powered reverse-osmosis (RO) systems, focusing on practical indications: appropriate pre-treatment, the use and selection of the RO energy recovery system (ERD), the selection of an energy storage system, key recommendations for the O&M actions in wind- and PV-powered RO systems (extracted from the experience of operating different units in remote locations (PV and RO) and coastal areas (wind and RO)), and an identification of the pros and cons of hybrid systems. A selection of economic data is given, indicating the main aspects of the minimization of the cost of water. Finally, the paper mentions the latest advances in the involved technologies.

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Esmaeili, Hossein. "A critical review on the economic aspects and life cycle assessment of biodiesel production using heterogeneous nanocatalysts." Fuel Processing Technology 230 (June 2022): 107224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107224.

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Salati, Parinaz, and Seyed Jozi. "Environmental risk assessment of low density polyethylene unit using the method of failure mode and effect analysis." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2012): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110504051j.

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The ninth olefin plan of Arya Sasol Petrochemical Company (A.S.P.C.) is regarded the largest gas Olefin Unit located on Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (P.S.E.E.Z). Considering the importance of the petrochemical unit, its environmental assessment seems necessary to identify and reduce potential hazards. For this purpose, after determining the scope of the study area, identification and measurement of the environmental parameters, environmental risk assessment of the unit was carried out using Environment Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (EFMEA). Using the noted method, sources causing environmental risks were identified, rated and prioritized. Beside, the impacts of the environmental aspects derived from the unit activities as well as their consequences were also analyzed. Furthermore, the identified impacts were prioritized based on Risk Priority Number (RPN) and severity level of the consequences imposed on the affected environment. After performing statistical calculations, it was found that the environmental aspects owing the risk priority number higher than 15 have a high level of risk. Results obtained from Low Density Polyethylene Unit revealed that the highest risk belongs to the emergency vent system with risk priority number equal to 48. It is occurred due to imperfect performance of the reactor safety system leading to the emissions of ethylene gas, particles, and radioactive steam as well as air and noise pollutions. Results derived from secondary assessment of the environmental aspects, through difference in calculated RPN and activities risk levels showed that employing modern methods and risk assessment are have remarkably reduced the severity of risk and consequently detracted the damages and losses incurred on the environment.

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Sharon, H. "Energy, exergy, environmental benefits and economic aspects of novel hybrid solar still for sustainable water distillation." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 150 (June 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.04.003.

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Rahman, Sharifa Sayma. "PATENTS AND GENETIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS." IIUM Law Journal 29, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v29i2.568.

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Different classes of people have raised moral objections on a number of times against granting patents on living organisms. There has been a recent focus on patents partly because the corporate world is only concerned with economic returns and the market prospect of a genetic product. The purpose of this article is to revisit the debate on the patent of genetic engineering technologies and provide partial recommendations on rationalising patent protection while mitigating moral arguments. This article re-examines the intellectual property frameworks as well as case laws regarding biological materials in selected countries i.e., Europe, the United States of America, Australia, Malaysia, and under international agreements such as the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). This article is based on primary as well as secondary materials that have been written on the patent of life forms and genetic research. There is an inconsistency between philosophical principles and the implementation of biotechnology patents due to the existing economic, political, and ideological conditions among countries, along with existing divergences in the field of genetically engineered technologies. Hence, during such circumstances, the most coherent position is to proceed with vigilance as it is not possible to shut down bio-industrialisation. One such vigilant pathway in the presence of contemporary evidence to minimise commercialisation of life science creations. Patents of genetically engineered products should be strictly monitored to fulfil commitment towards international human rights, which is to provide reasonably priced healthcare and medical treatment.

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Prihandoko, Diananto, Arief Budiman, Prabang Setyono, Chafid Fandeli, and Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti. "Appropriate Technology for Municipal Solid Waste Management Based on Wastepreneurship Implementation." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.64496.

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Piyungan landfill is the biggest landfill in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which receives municipal solid waste (MSW) from two districts and a city, while its designed service time has been over and faces operational obstacles. Meanwhile, the volume of the MSW grows rapidly and exceeds the reduction rate in their sources. The difficulty in finding a new landfill area is the reason why appropriate technological alternatives in the MSW management are strongly needed. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the social and economic aspects and formulate appropriate technology based on the waste entrepreneurship (wastepreneurship) concept. The methods of this study were conducting calculation of waste characteristics and composition, social evaluation, and economic evaluation of the combination of composting, incinerator, and sanitary landfill. Waste characteristics and composition were taken using direct field measurement following Indonesia's National Standard Guideline about retrieving and measuring examples of urban waste emergence and composition. Characteristics of waste are used for the calculation of calorific value and energy. The social evaluation was conducted using an in-depth interview with the rag pickers. The economic evaluation was conducted using net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. The result of the study shows that Piyungan Landfill with total combustion waste reach 82.22% has the potential of incinerator implementation. In social evaluation, the implementation of composting and incinerator technologies would open employment for the surrounding community and rag pickers. The economic evaluation shows the combination of composting and incinerator technologies was economically feasible with an average profit margin of 12.97% in the operational period of 18 years. In conclusion, the concept of wastepreneurship is relevant in Piyungan Landfill by adjusting the MSW management paradigm from previously cost-center into business-center.

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Pokrovskaia, N. N., T. V. Smetanina, and S. I. Shelonaev. "Social Interactions within Participative Models of Distributed Networking: Updating Concepts in the Context of Digital Transformation." Sociology and Law, no. 3 (October 19, 2021): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2021-3-6-18.

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Sociological analysis of up-to-date social practices, communication and interaction forms among community members, local and virtual groups is based on a number of methodological approaches that need to be reconceived today in connection with the digital transformations of social processes and structures. Socio-managerial approaches used in the era of traditional and modern society (modernity) do not cover the total social reality and do not reply to the tasks and social practices of the post-modern information society (“meta-modernity”). In these conditions, the rethinking is required for the implementation of the basic concepts such as democratic instruments of state regulation, once rejected by Plato and Aristotle and then again proposed at a new round of social development by K. Popper. The concept of participation, which returned to sociological, socio-anthropological and socio-economic discourse in the middle of the twentieth century, needs to be developed in the era of total digitalization, additionally accelerated by measures of social isolation in connection with the pandemic (the transition to remote work, the expansion of online services, etc.). The article attempts to present new aspects of the concept of participation in relation to understanding the models of distributed networks of economic relations (sharing) and, in general, to digital forms of social communications in society.

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Arnold, Uwe, Thomas Brück, Andreas De Palmenaer, and Kolja Kuse. "Carbon Capture and Sustainable Utilization by Algal Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Production: Process Design, Techno-Economic Analysis, and Climate Related Aspects." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57, no. 23 (May 4, 2018): 7922–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04828.

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Al Ani, Zainab, Ashish M. Gujarathi, G. Reza Vakili-Nezhaad, and Talal Al Wahaibi. "Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization aspects for sulfuric acid plant toward more economic, environmentally friendly and efficient process." Chemical Papers 75, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01591-1.

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