Дисертації з теми "Chasseurs-cueilleurs préhistoriques – Quercy (France)"
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Constans, Guilhem. "Interactions Homme-silex du dernier maximum glaciaire à l’optimum climatique holocène : l’apport de la pétroarchéologie dans le temps long à l’échelle du Quercy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20069.
Between 29,000 and 7,000 cal. BP Quercy has recorded several human occupations throughout various climatic contexts from the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (He3 event) to the Holocene climatic optimum. From the Middle Gravettian to the end of the 2nd Mesolithic hunter-gatherers implemented different techno-economic strategies in the acquisition and use of chert. To clarify these choices, the petroarchaeological study of the collected cherts reaches for a better understanding of the spaces travelled by the Prehistoric people. It allows us to highlight possible interactions between groups at medium or long distance and to assess the variability of occupations in the synchronic approach. In the diachronic approach, this work enables us to better comprehend the trends and the variations of these techno-economic behaviours in light of environmental evolutions.The analysis of the lithic assemblages from twelve occupations and the comparative review of fourteen sites of Quercy area and its margins allows us to characterize the litho-spaces variability and to highlight the extension/contraction phenomenon of the acquisition territories. The results make it possible to emphasize the differences between the north (Dordogne valley) and the south of Quercy (Lot and Aveyron valleys) and to perceive more precisely the territorial contraction process beginning at the end of the Upper Pleistocene and fully expressed during the Mesolithic. A reflection on the major lithological tracers also enables us to perceive probable long-distance connections with other geographical areas (Gascony, Charente, Center) at key moments of the Upper Paleolithic
Gardeisen, Armelle. "Restes fauniques et stratégies de chasse dans le Pléistocène supérieur de la grotte ouest du Portel (Ariège, France)." Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30002.
We have analyzed of 87054 bones and teeth of the west cave at Le Portel, focusing on the geochemical conditions of preservation and fossilization. In order of importance, we have identified 21 species, among the large herbivore community Rangifer tarandus, Equus caballus germanicus, Bison priscus, Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Capra pyrenaica, Rupicapra rupicapra, Megaloceros giganteus, Coelodonta antiquitatis, Mammuthus primigenius, Sus scrofa (large herbivore community) and Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Crocuta crocuta spelaea, Ursus spelaeus, Meles mels, Martes martes, Mustela putorius, Panthera (leo) spelaea, Lynx lynx, Felix sylvestris. It is possible to predict that the environmental conditions under which the large mammal community existed was an arcticor cold open biotope (steppe,toundra). The archaezoological analysis provide data on the hunting strategies and reveal an opportunistic behavior of the neandertal man. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the main ongulates (reindeer, horse, bison, red deer) shows a selective pattern in the hunting strategy by the sex and age composition of species samples. Le portel may have been a strategic hunting location where a multicomponent site has been formed, producing evidence for many episods of killing and butching leading to the early Wurm (upper Pleistocene, isotopic stage 6-3)
M'Hamdi, Mondher. "Chasseurs-cueilleurs acheuléens de la grotte du Lazaret UA 26, Nice, Alpes Maritimes : approche comportementale & analyse spatiale." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2020.
This manuscript presents an overall study of behavior and lifestyle of Acheulean hunter gatherer groups from about 160,000 years ago, whose remains were found in the archaeological stratigraphic unit UA 26 of Lazaret cave in Nice (Maritime Alps). This occupation level was excavated between 2003 in 2006 over a surface of over 90 m², directed by Henry Lumley. The quality of the conservation and the abundance of the archaeological material from the different units of occupation make this site an important reference for research concerning the transitional period between the lower and the middle Paleolithic of Europe. Our research mainly concerned technical traditions, and subsistence behavior of Acheulean groups from the UA 26 and the type of occupation of Lazaret cave that occurred during the end of the middle Pleistocene. We analyzed the stone tool production and remains of large mammifers in order to determine precisely what activities were carried out in the cave during this period. The first results were complemented by an intra-site spatial analysis for which we developed an original methodology using GIS (the ArcGis program). Results obtained following upon this procedure, structured into several levels of interrogation concerning different domains (lithics, bone remains, combustion structures), showed a spatialization of activities of production/use of tools and of treatment of animal resources (here, principally of deer), an interesting result for the period under consideration. A study comparing these results with earlier data for UA 25, an adjacent occupation level published by H. De Lumley and his colleagues (2004), shows differences in spatial organization which corresponds to different modes of occupation of the cave according to the period (base camp for the UA 26, then a temporary encampment (hunting stop) for the UA 25). Beyond these conclusions concerning group organization and strategy of occupation of the territory and exploitation of the environment, this comparison between two occupation levels in the same site revealed a certain number of anthropological results concerning hunter-gatherers at the end of the lower Paleolithic
Bridault, Anne. "Les économies de chasse épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques dans le nord et l'est de la France." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100124.
In western Europe, between 12000 and 6500 bp, hunters-gatherers societies have gone through a succession of environnemental transformations. The consequences of these transormations on their living conditions are interpreted in very opposite ways. From an anthoropological wiewpoint, this research work takes a close look at the two antaonistic models that win aggreement for the status of these periods : economies of scarcity or affluent economies. Save the economic context, we analyuse the "chaine operatoire" of the predation (all the processes from procurement of animals until bones are discarded) to understand the economic decisions. The results are based on an archaeozoological analysis of twenty faunal assemblages, and on the analysis of a supra-reginal bibliographic database. Betwwen 12000 and 6500 bp no chronological broad spectrum evolution neither a chronological diversification of the subsistance can be attested in these regions. Hunters used to rely on the highest ranked preys (red deer and wild boar). Similarly they chose to exploit principally few biotopes : open forests and clearings. During the mesolithic hunting strategies were well differentiated : a high risk adult red deer hunting, a less selective and less risky wild boar hunting, and a more opportunistic small game predation. Other analysis suggest the the existence of hinting camps
Lacarrière, Jessica. "Les ressources cynégétiques au Gravettien en France : acquisition et modalités d'exploitation des animaux durant la phase d'instabilité climatique précédant le dernier maximum glaciaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20050.
The Gravettian is a great cultural tradition of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, present throughout Europe starting from 33 000 cal BP. Its duration and its vast geographic distribution make it a complex entity to define, both in terms of the material culture and the dynamics that contributed to its preservation for almost 10 000 years. During this period, several successive climatic changes had an impact on the human and animal communities which are still difficult to apprehend. Despite unifying features (Gravette points, feminine statuettes), a strong regionalization is perceptible. In France, the renewal of studies on lithic and bone industries opens new perspectives of research. However, data on the archeozoological records are still fragmented and are seldom integrated into discussions. In this work, the archaeozoological study of four Gravettian sites was undertaken (les Bossats, Le Flageolet, La grotte du Renne and Roc de Combe). The results were compared with the existing data on Gravettian fauna coming from French deposits. The comparison of the faunal spectrum with other paleo-environemental data allows providing with a better assessment of the impact of some important climatic events, as well as their succession. Hunting strategies used for several taxa (reindeer, horse, bison) are diversified and take into account the seasonal movements of the preys. Carcasses treatment shows an intense exploitation of the animal resources. Together, this data gives perspective to their associated archaeological contexts (industry, habitat structure) and allows us to discuss the functions of the sites and the human mobility during this period
Dubourg, Christine. "Les expressions du naturalisme dans les arts graphiques du Paléolithique supérieur : une vision du monde des chasseurs préhistoriques." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10635.
Philibert, Sylvie. "Les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs du Sud de la France : approche des systèmes techno-économiques par l'analyse fonctionnelle d'industries de pierre taillée épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA050.
Lacarrière, Jessica. "Les ressources cynégétiques au Gravettien en France : acquisition et modalités d'exploitation des animaux durant la phase d'instabilité climatique précédant le dernier maximum glaciaire." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20050/document.
The Gravettian is a great cultural tradition of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, present throughout Europe starting from 33 000 cal BP. Its duration and its vast geographic distribution make it a complex entity to define, both in terms of the material culture and the dynamics that contributed to its preservation for almost 10 000 years. During this period, several successive climatic changes had an impact on the human and animal communities which are still difficult to apprehend. Despite unifying features (Gravette points, feminine statuettes), a strong regionalization is perceptible. In France, the renewal of studies on lithic and bone industries opens new perspectives of research. However, data on the archeozoological records are still fragmented and are seldom integrated into discussions. In this work, the archaeozoological study of four Gravettian sites was undertaken (les Bossats, Le Flageolet, La grotte du Renne and Roc de Combe). The results were compared with the existing data on Gravettian fauna coming from French deposits. The comparison of the faunal spectrum with other paleo-environemental data allows providing with a better assessment of the impact of some important climatic events, as well as their succession. Hunting strategies used for several taxa (reindeer, horse, bison) are diversified and take into account the seasonal movements of the preys. Carcasses treatment shows an intense exploitation of the animal resources. Together, this data gives perspective to their associated archaeological contexts (industry, habitat structure) and allows us to discuss the functions of the sites and the human mobility during this period
Fontana, Laure. "Mobilité et subsistance au Magdalénien dans le Languedoc occidental et le Roussillon." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010616.
This archaeozoological work is a contribution to the study of the subsistence strategies and settlement patterns of magdalenian groups of Aude (France). What kind of hunting economy and organization of acquisition (game and silex) can we observe to discuss the question of settlement patterns? We have chosen the basin of aude because of his great number of magdalenian sites, particular in the north before 13 000 bp and in the south between 13000 and 12 000 bp. The fauna collections come from magdalenian levels of fives sites : lassac and tournal (for the early magdalenian), canecaude and gazel (for the mid-magdalenian), belvis (upper magdalenian). This is a micro-regional study and if the mid-magdalenian period is the best known, we tried to understand the transformation of the settlement pattern since the early magdalenian until the upper magdalenian. This study met en evidence: * for the early and mid-magdalenian : specialized reindeer hunting and five months occupations (during the winter and the beginning of spring). The study identified a residential type of settlement pattern and gazel was probably a special site (art). No site of specialized acquisition (game or silex) has been identified. We did not identified sites which have been occupied during the other part of the year. More over, we did not know the place where the silex (50%) come from. Two hypothesis can be proposed: - occupations in an other region during the rest of the year, in the south of aude or in ariege - occupations in a region very far from the aude * for the upper magdalenian : specialiezed ibex hunting and spring-summer occupations this period is less documented than the previous one
Rillardon, Maryline. "Environnement et subsistance des derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs dans la basse vallée du Rhône et ses marges du pléniglaciaire supérieur (20 ka BP) à l'optimum climatique (8 ka BP)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10052.
Braguier, Séverine. "Economie alimentaire et gestion des troupeaux au Néolithique récent/final dans le centre-ouest de la France." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20049.
Visentin, Davide. "Sauveterrian hunter-gatherers in Northern Italy and Southern France : evolution and dynamics of lithic technical systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20024.
The Sauveterrian represents one of the main cultural aspects of the European Early Mesolithic. It was at first identified and described in southern France during the 1920ies. Following the discovery of similar lithic assemblages in north-eastern Italy (Adige Valley), during the 1970ies it was proposed that this culture had developed over a large territory whose central areas are represented by southern France and northern Italy. The presumed uniformity of this complex was based, in particular, on the presence in both regions of needle-like backed points (Sauveterre points) and triangular microliths. In the following years a first typological attempt to verify the actual homogeneity of the Early Mesolithic of this region arose some doubts regarding the appropriateness of this unification. Following this line of research the main aim of this work was, thus, to question and verify this association, by applying a broad technological approach to the study of the lithic assemblages belonging to 23 stratigraphic contexts from 12 French and Italian reference sites. More specifically these assemblages were investigated with the aim of reconstructing the entire reduction sequences, from the procurement of lithic raw materials to the use and discard of tools. Different analytical techniques were thus combined in order to understand and characterize the Sauveterrian assemblages from different and complementary viewpoints. Besides, the evaluation of the uniformity of the Sauveterrian complex in its central area with respect to the neighbouring cultural groups, allowed tentatively approaching the investigation of the very nature of western European Early Mesolithic
De, stefanis Cristina. "Systèmes techniques des derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs et des premiers agro-pasteurs du domaine liguro-provençal (7000-5500 av. J.C) : approche fonctionnelle." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2012.
The coexistence of the last hunter-gatherers and the first farmers in the Liguro-Provencal arcbetween 7000 and 5000 B.C. generates questions about the nature of their interactions. Colonization and acculturation are the two main models used to explain the phenomenon of Neolithisation.In the northwestern Mediterranean area, this is the result of successive techno-culturalevolutions which are manifested in the form of an arrhythmic diffusion. These societies whichbelonged to the late Mesolithic Castelnovian techno-complex and the early Neolithic Impresso-Cardial complex, respectively, did not occupy the same sites but could have exploited thesame lithic resources.Our understanding of this moment of transition is based on the interdisciplinary investigation offive sites including Mourre-de-Sève, la Font-aux-Pigeons, Monte Frignone, Arene Candide andPendimoun that allowed for a precise characterization of the chrono-cultural, economic and environmental contexts. Certain sites illustrate the variety of biotypes exploited during the Mesolithic, while the remaining sites illuminate the first attestations of a Neolithic economic model for the region.It is by means of a functional approach to lithic production systems that combines low and highmagnification (binocular magnifier and microscope) of use-wear traces on tools, that we canaccess the technical universe of each of these groups. The results concern the lithic and ceramicproduction, as well as the hunting and agricultural behaviors of these populations.The characterization of the functional spectra, the resources exploited and the processing techniques clarifies the function of each of these sites and the modalities of territorial managementof these two techno-complexes. In the context of the Impresso-Cardial cultural complex, weidentify elements of continuity with the first agro-pastoralists of southern Italy and especially inwhat concerns projectile use and harvesting techniques. The study of several occupation of thiscultural complex demonstrates an evolution in bone working techniques and the appearance ofnew practices such as the use of lithic industries for ceramic fabrication. There is no evidence forNeolithic material influence on the Castelnovian culture, while in the Impresso-Cardial complex,a strong convergence is indicated through the cultural transfer of Mesolithic traditions includingthe typology and use of projectiles as well as tools used for plant processing. Continued researchon the entire period of Neolithisation is needed in order to understand the profound causes ofthis significant economic and social transformation
Hoffmann, Alizé. "Impacts de la néolithisation sur l'évolution des systèmes hôtes-parasites : étude paléoparasitologique des sociétés mésolithiques et néolithiques dans le sud-est de la France et le nord-est de l'Espagne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20066.
Paleoparasitology is the study of parasitic remains in archaeological context. The neolithization process with all that it implies in terms of socio-economic changes has helped to modify our relations to parasitic diseases. The first humanity epidemiological transition was induced by the establishment and intensification of agro-pastoral systems. The populations clustering, the sedentarisation, the presence in the same space of different species (animal and vegetable, especially allochthonous), the deforestation, the irrigation, the use of fertilizer, the parking or the storage are as many behaviors that impacted host / parasite systems. The deposits in our corpus focused on southwestern France and northeastern Spain.Through the analysis of helminth eggs, the way in which parasitic/host/environmental systems have adapted to the socio-economic transformations of human populations, as well as the health consequences on human populations of this anthropisation, have been understood. In addition, thanks to a dual approach (chronological and geographical) to European deposits with different biotopes, from our corpus integrated with those available in the bibliography, it has been possible to specify and compare the extent of human influence on parasitic/host systems. The deposits sampled in this study came from very different contexts, including chronology, geology, taphonomy and type of use. The most suitable facies for the conservation of helminth eggs were therefore identified
Visentin, Davide. "Sauveterrian hunter-gatherers in Northern Italy and Southern France : evolution and dynamics of lithic technical systems." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20024/document.
The Sauveterrian represents one of the main cultural aspects of the European Early Mesolithic. It was at first identified and described in southern France during the 1920ies. Following the discovery of similar lithic assemblages in north-eastern Italy (Adige Valley), during the 1970ies it was proposed that this culture had developed over a large territory whose central areas are represented by southern France and northern Italy. The presumed uniformity of this complex was based, in particular, on the presence in both regions of needle-like backed points (Sauveterre points) and triangular microliths. In the following years a first typological attempt to verify the actual homogeneity of the Early Mesolithic of this region arose some doubts regarding the appropriateness of this unification. Following this line of research the main aim of this work was, thus, to question and verify this association, by applying a broad technological approach to the study of the lithic assemblages belonging to 23 stratigraphic contexts from 12 French and Italian reference sites. More specifically these assemblages were investigated with the aim of reconstructing the entire reduction sequences, from the procurement of lithic raw materials to the use and discard of tools. Different analytical techniques were thus combined in order to understand and characterize the Sauveterrian assemblages from different and complementary viewpoints. Besides, the evaluation of the uniformity of the Sauveterrian complex in its central area with respect to the neighbouring cultural groups, allowed tentatively approaching the investigation of the very nature of western European Early Mesolithic
Fernandez, Philippe. "Étude paléontologique et archéozoologique des niveaux d'occupations moustériens au Bau de l'Aubesier (Monieux, Vaucluse) : implications biochronologiques et palethnologiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10158.
Goval, Émilie. "Définitions, analyses et caractérisations des territoires des Néandertaliens au Weichselien ancien en France septentrionale : (approches technologiques et spatiales des industries lithiques, élargissement au Nord-Ouest de l'Europe)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10103/document.
The settlement dynamics by the Neanderthal is beyond doubt one of the great topics of this decade. But once we start to talk of territory rather than modalities of occupation we open up such a vast field that we are at once confronted with the semantic vagueness of the word itself. lndeed the studies dealing with this subject matter have greatly widened over the last few years, if the number of works, conferences and books on the subject is anything to go by. Nevertheless, in the current state of research, the reconstruction of geographical spaces and their management by prehistoric man is still too often merely the result of analysis of the origin of the raw materials used. ln such studies, the framework fixed by the limits of the sites guiding choices of progression and itineraries for the Neanderthal seems to condition the territory. While in certain regions with varied materials a partial retracing of the arteries of communication and travel can be envisaged, the same cannot be said for the North of France. This study mainly tackles notions of territory, of modalities of occupation and of geographical spaces through human
Anderson, Lars. "Essai de paléosociologie aurignacienne : gestion des équipements lithiques et transmission des savoir-faire parmi les communautés établies dans le sud de la France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20097.
The Aurignacian, which dates between 42 and 33 thousand years ago, represents several important changes in regards to the history of humanity. It marks the arrival of Homo sapiens in Western Europe and illustrates several behavioural shifts within the context of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. This work aims to contribute to a renewal of research axes pertaining to the socio-economic organization of Aurignacian groups in the south of France via a palethnological and paleosociological approach. A method for the study of lithic industries was developed in order to target three axes of variability: technical intentions, raw material constraints, and knapping performance. Approaching lithic toolkits in this manner highlights the technical activities occurring on site and provides a sociological profile of the actors responsible, permitting us to better situate each site within a nomadic circuit. This economic and sociological procedure was applied to one cave site (La Tuto de Camalhot), and a palethnological description was additionally integrated into the study of three open-air sites (Régismont-le-Haut, Champ-Parel 3, Brignol). The study of the material is also enriched by a theoretical framework founded on the crossing of ethnoarchaeological data on sub-actual hunter-gatherer groups with psychological and ethnological models of skill acquisition. This in turn allows for the development of a middle-range theory linking the group, individuals, and mobility. The synthesis of the results from these four case studies allows for the proposal of a socio-economic model of organization applicable, at the least, at the scale of southwestern France during the Early Aurignacian. This discussion also provides the basis for a greater perspective that broaches the evolution of groups and their territories through the Aurignacian lato sensu, but equally the structuration of the means and ways of knowledge transmission in the longue durée
Verjux, Christian. "Les structures en creux du site mésolithique d'Auneau "le Parc du Château" (Eure-et-Loir) : nouveau bilan et implications concernant le mode de vie des dernières populations de chasseurs-collecteurs en Europe." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010715/document.
Our research leans on new analysis about the Mesolithic pits discovered during the excavation at "le Parc du Château" in Auneau (Eure-et-Loir; France). These 70 pits date between 8.000 and 5.500 cal. BC. Their various functions — i.e. graves, faunal hoards, pit-hearths, post-holes, extraction, storage, rubbish dumps — evocate long duration settlements. A European survey links to record more than 100 sites With such features, sometimes very numerous. These new data provide an original pattern, quite different from the traditional models of very mobile hunter-gatherer and short time encampment. Two kinds of features seem to be especially significant: food storage pits (similar to silos) may have allowed a delayed consumption of nuts (hazelnut or acorn) providing the bulk of food during the season of scarcity; rubbish pits indicate waste management linked to long term dwellings. From our point of view new subsistence strategies related with rich post-glacial environmental resources may allow some storing hunter-gatherer groups to adopt a sedentary way of life Since the middle Mesolithic — i.e. several millennia before the first interactions with Neolithic populations. The emergence of actual cemeteries in Euro e at the same period reveals also decreasing mobility evidence likewise some anthropogenic impacts on the environment and various equipment such as heavy lithic tools, basketry, pirogue, fishery, and so on
Locht, Jean-Luc. "Le gisement paléolithique moyen de Beauvais (Oise)." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50377-2004-24-1.pdf.
Rivollat, Maïté. "Du fonctionnement des sites funéraires aux processus de néolithisation sur le territoire français (néolithique ancien et moyen) : premiers apports de l'approche paléogénétique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0045/document.
The study of ancient DNA has recently shed new light on the different Neolithic expansion waves into Europe, however no palaeogenetic data was available for first farmer groups that settled modern day France from 5600-5200 cal. BC. Here we present the first analysis of the gene pool from five Early and Middle Neolithic sites (5200-3600 cal. BC) spread across northern France that are representative of both the period’s cultural diversity and variable funerary practices. A total of 88 mitochondrial haplogroups and 63 haplotypes could be identified. At the regional scale, a clear continuity is evident between Danubian populations and the farmer groups that settled the northern half of France. However, data from the Gurgy necropolis (Yonne) south of the Paris Basin evinces admixture with Neolithic groups from the Mediterranean expansion wave as well as early admixture with descendants of hunter-gatherer groups. This latter pattern is also observable at Fleury-sur-Orne (Normandy), reinforcing the hypothesis of increasing admixture between hunter-gatherers and farmers from eastern to western Europe. More locally, our data shows a clear diversity in the funerary organization of farmer groups. At Obernai (Alsace), maternally and culturally differentiated groups seem to have successively used different sectors to bury their dead. At Gurgy, no correlation between maternal lineages and necropolis organization or funerary practices could be identified, implying the complete acculturation of individuals with diverse ancestries, at least in terms of burial practices. Finally, at Fleury-sur-Orne, a maternal continuity between individuals buried in Passy-type structures and later dolmens (collective burials) is evident, suggesting a complex social evolution of the group. Finally, the substantial mitochondrial diversity observed in all sites appears consistent with a patrilocal kinship system, including the integration of hunter-gatherer females in Early Neolithic farmer groups