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Дисертації з теми "Chasseurs-cueilleurs préhistoriques – Quercy (France)":
Constans, Guilhem. "Interactions Homme-silex du dernier maximum glaciaire à l’optimum climatique holocène : l’apport de la pétroarchéologie dans le temps long à l’échelle du Quercy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20069.
Between 29,000 and 7,000 cal. BP Quercy has recorded several human occupations throughout various climatic contexts from the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (He3 event) to the Holocene climatic optimum. From the Middle Gravettian to the end of the 2nd Mesolithic hunter-gatherers implemented different techno-economic strategies in the acquisition and use of chert. To clarify these choices, the petroarchaeological study of the collected cherts reaches for a better understanding of the spaces travelled by the Prehistoric people. It allows us to highlight possible interactions between groups at medium or long distance and to assess the variability of occupations in the synchronic approach. In the diachronic approach, this work enables us to better comprehend the trends and the variations of these techno-economic behaviours in light of environmental evolutions.The analysis of the lithic assemblages from twelve occupations and the comparative review of fourteen sites of Quercy area and its margins allows us to characterize the litho-spaces variability and to highlight the extension/contraction phenomenon of the acquisition territories. The results make it possible to emphasize the differences between the north (Dordogne valley) and the south of Quercy (Lot and Aveyron valleys) and to perceive more precisely the territorial contraction process beginning at the end of the Upper Pleistocene and fully expressed during the Mesolithic. A reflection on the major lithological tracers also enables us to perceive probable long-distance connections with other geographical areas (Gascony, Charente, Center) at key moments of the Upper Paleolithic
Gardeisen, Armelle. "Restes fauniques et stratégies de chasse dans le Pléistocène supérieur de la grotte ouest du Portel (Ariège, France)." Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30002.
We have analyzed of 87054 bones and teeth of the west cave at Le Portel, focusing on the geochemical conditions of preservation and fossilization. In order of importance, we have identified 21 species, among the large herbivore community Rangifer tarandus, Equus caballus germanicus, Bison priscus, Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Capra pyrenaica, Rupicapra rupicapra, Megaloceros giganteus, Coelodonta antiquitatis, Mammuthus primigenius, Sus scrofa (large herbivore community) and Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Crocuta crocuta spelaea, Ursus spelaeus, Meles mels, Martes martes, Mustela putorius, Panthera (leo) spelaea, Lynx lynx, Felix sylvestris. It is possible to predict that the environmental conditions under which the large mammal community existed was an arcticor cold open biotope (steppe,toundra). The archaezoological analysis provide data on the hunting strategies and reveal an opportunistic behavior of the neandertal man. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the main ongulates (reindeer, horse, bison, red deer) shows a selective pattern in the hunting strategy by the sex and age composition of species samples. Le portel may have been a strategic hunting location where a multicomponent site has been formed, producing evidence for many episods of killing and butching leading to the early Wurm (upper Pleistocene, isotopic stage 6-3)
M'Hamdi, Mondher. "Chasseurs-cueilleurs acheuléens de la grotte du Lazaret UA 26, Nice, Alpes Maritimes : approche comportementale & analyse spatiale." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2020.
This manuscript presents an overall study of behavior and lifestyle of Acheulean hunter gatherer groups from about 160,000 years ago, whose remains were found in the archaeological stratigraphic unit UA 26 of Lazaret cave in Nice (Maritime Alps). This occupation level was excavated between 2003 in 2006 over a surface of over 90 m², directed by Henry Lumley. The quality of the conservation and the abundance of the archaeological material from the different units of occupation make this site an important reference for research concerning the transitional period between the lower and the middle Paleolithic of Europe. Our research mainly concerned technical traditions, and subsistence behavior of Acheulean groups from the UA 26 and the type of occupation of Lazaret cave that occurred during the end of the middle Pleistocene. We analyzed the stone tool production and remains of large mammifers in order to determine precisely what activities were carried out in the cave during this period. The first results were complemented by an intra-site spatial analysis for which we developed an original methodology using GIS (the ArcGis program). Results obtained following upon this procedure, structured into several levels of interrogation concerning different domains (lithics, bone remains, combustion structures), showed a spatialization of activities of production/use of tools and of treatment of animal resources (here, principally of deer), an interesting result for the period under consideration. A study comparing these results with earlier data for UA 25, an adjacent occupation level published by H. De Lumley and his colleagues (2004), shows differences in spatial organization which corresponds to different modes of occupation of the cave according to the period (base camp for the UA 26, then a temporary encampment (hunting stop) for the UA 25). Beyond these conclusions concerning group organization and strategy of occupation of the territory and exploitation of the environment, this comparison between two occupation levels in the same site revealed a certain number of anthropological results concerning hunter-gatherers at the end of the lower Paleolithic
Bridault, Anne. "Les économies de chasse épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques dans le nord et l'est de la France." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100124.
In western Europe, between 12000 and 6500 bp, hunters-gatherers societies have gone through a succession of environnemental transformations. The consequences of these transormations on their living conditions are interpreted in very opposite ways. From an anthoropological wiewpoint, this research work takes a close look at the two antaonistic models that win aggreement for the status of these periods : economies of scarcity or affluent economies. Save the economic context, we analyuse the "chaine operatoire" of the predation (all the processes from procurement of animals until bones are discarded) to understand the economic decisions. The results are based on an archaeozoological analysis of twenty faunal assemblages, and on the analysis of a supra-reginal bibliographic database. Betwwen 12000 and 6500 bp no chronological broad spectrum evolution neither a chronological diversification of the subsistance can be attested in these regions. Hunters used to rely on the highest ranked preys (red deer and wild boar). Similarly they chose to exploit principally few biotopes : open forests and clearings. During the mesolithic hunting strategies were well differentiated : a high risk adult red deer hunting, a less selective and less risky wild boar hunting, and a more opportunistic small game predation. Other analysis suggest the the existence of hinting camps
Lacarrière, Jessica. "Les ressources cynégétiques au Gravettien en France : acquisition et modalités d'exploitation des animaux durant la phase d'instabilité climatique précédant le dernier maximum glaciaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20050.
The Gravettian is a great cultural tradition of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, present throughout Europe starting from 33 000 cal BP. Its duration and its vast geographic distribution make it a complex entity to define, both in terms of the material culture and the dynamics that contributed to its preservation for almost 10 000 years. During this period, several successive climatic changes had an impact on the human and animal communities which are still difficult to apprehend. Despite unifying features (Gravette points, feminine statuettes), a strong regionalization is perceptible. In France, the renewal of studies on lithic and bone industries opens new perspectives of research. However, data on the archeozoological records are still fragmented and are seldom integrated into discussions. In this work, the archaeozoological study of four Gravettian sites was undertaken (les Bossats, Le Flageolet, La grotte du Renne and Roc de Combe). The results were compared with the existing data on Gravettian fauna coming from French deposits. The comparison of the faunal spectrum with other paleo-environemental data allows providing with a better assessment of the impact of some important climatic events, as well as their succession. Hunting strategies used for several taxa (reindeer, horse, bison) are diversified and take into account the seasonal movements of the preys. Carcasses treatment shows an intense exploitation of the animal resources. Together, this data gives perspective to their associated archaeological contexts (industry, habitat structure) and allows us to discuss the functions of the sites and the human mobility during this period
Dubourg, Christine. "Les expressions du naturalisme dans les arts graphiques du Paléolithique supérieur : une vision du monde des chasseurs préhistoriques." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10635.
Philibert, Sylvie. "Les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs du Sud de la France : approche des systèmes techno-économiques par l'analyse fonctionnelle d'industries de pierre taillée épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA050.
Lacarrière, Jessica. "Les ressources cynégétiques au Gravettien en France : acquisition et modalités d'exploitation des animaux durant la phase d'instabilité climatique précédant le dernier maximum glaciaire." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20050/document.
The Gravettian is a great cultural tradition of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, present throughout Europe starting from 33 000 cal BP. Its duration and its vast geographic distribution make it a complex entity to define, both in terms of the material culture and the dynamics that contributed to its preservation for almost 10 000 years. During this period, several successive climatic changes had an impact on the human and animal communities which are still difficult to apprehend. Despite unifying features (Gravette points, feminine statuettes), a strong regionalization is perceptible. In France, the renewal of studies on lithic and bone industries opens new perspectives of research. However, data on the archeozoological records are still fragmented and are seldom integrated into discussions. In this work, the archaeozoological study of four Gravettian sites was undertaken (les Bossats, Le Flageolet, La grotte du Renne and Roc de Combe). The results were compared with the existing data on Gravettian fauna coming from French deposits. The comparison of the faunal spectrum with other paleo-environemental data allows providing with a better assessment of the impact of some important climatic events, as well as their succession. Hunting strategies used for several taxa (reindeer, horse, bison) are diversified and take into account the seasonal movements of the preys. Carcasses treatment shows an intense exploitation of the animal resources. Together, this data gives perspective to their associated archaeological contexts (industry, habitat structure) and allows us to discuss the functions of the sites and the human mobility during this period
Fontana, Laure. "Mobilité et subsistance au Magdalénien dans le Languedoc occidental et le Roussillon." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010616.
This archaeozoological work is a contribution to the study of the subsistence strategies and settlement patterns of magdalenian groups of Aude (France). What kind of hunting economy and organization of acquisition (game and silex) can we observe to discuss the question of settlement patterns? We have chosen the basin of aude because of his great number of magdalenian sites, particular in the north before 13 000 bp and in the south between 13000 and 12 000 bp. The fauna collections come from magdalenian levels of fives sites : lassac and tournal (for the early magdalenian), canecaude and gazel (for the mid-magdalenian), belvis (upper magdalenian). This is a micro-regional study and if the mid-magdalenian period is the best known, we tried to understand the transformation of the settlement pattern since the early magdalenian until the upper magdalenian. This study met en evidence: * for the early and mid-magdalenian : specialized reindeer hunting and five months occupations (during the winter and the beginning of spring). The study identified a residential type of settlement pattern and gazel was probably a special site (art). No site of specialized acquisition (game or silex) has been identified. We did not identified sites which have been occupied during the other part of the year. More over, we did not know the place where the silex (50%) come from. Two hypothesis can be proposed: - occupations in an other region during the rest of the year, in the south of aude or in ariege - occupations in a region very far from the aude * for the upper magdalenian : specialiezed ibex hunting and spring-summer occupations this period is less documented than the previous one
Rillardon, Maryline. "Environnement et subsistance des derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs dans la basse vallée du Rhône et ses marges du pléniglaciaire supérieur (20 ka BP) à l'optimum climatique (8 ka BP)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10052.
Книги з теми "Chasseurs-cueilleurs préhistoriques – Quercy (France)":
Burke, Ariane M. Prey movements and settlement patterns during the upper Paleolithic in southwestern France. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 1995.