Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Charente River"

The Upper Saintonge region of western France was one of the primary production centres for the supply of exotic pottery to Britain and northern Europe between the thirteenth and the eighteenth centuries. The principal manufacturing sites were rural workshops in the parishes neighbouring La Chapelle-des-Pots, on the wooded, limestone plateau north east of Saintes and some fifty kilometres down the river Charente from the maritime port of La Rochelle. The expansion of rural industries, producing for extra-regional markets, was a Europe-wide phenomenon between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. The theory of proto-industrialisation has been used to explain this process. It has been argued that regionally-dense, rural industries grew up as urban merchants sought cheap production methods to profit from growing overseas demand for manufactured goods, especially textiles and metals. By the later eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, the participation of large numbers of country people in industrial work altered traditional regional demographic and agrarian regimes, resulting in population growth, land-holding fragmentation and the creation of mercantile profit. This provided labour, finance and motive for a ‘second phase’ in the transition from feudal to capitalist economic relations in some regions of Europe and fully-developed industrialisation in others.

Crayfishes and other invertebrates were collected during 2010 to 2016 from 519 sites located in the river basins of the Adour, Charente, Dordogne, Garonne, Loire, Seine, Rhône and Sélune in France. North American species included Pacifastacus leniusculus at 255 sites, Faxonius limosus at 206 sites, Procambarus clarkii at 56 sites, and the endemic Austropotamobius pallipes at two sites. However, branchiobdellidans were only recorded from 100 sites with 23 of these being sampled more than once, resulting in a total of 127 collections. The widely distributed western North American, P. leniusculus carried four of its endemic branchiobdellidan species: Cambarincola gracilis, C. okadai, Triannulata magna and Xironogiton victoriensis. X. victoriensis was found at the majority of sites, with C. okadai, C. gracilis, and T. magna at fewer locations. Although F. limosus was the second most numerous crayfish species collected, it did not carry any of its endemic North American branchiobdellidan species. However, it was found cohabiting with P. leniusculus at four sites but carried X. victoriensis at only one of these. European A. pallipes only occurred at two sites with individuals harboring X. victoriensis, although no cohabiting exotic crayfish were found. Crayfish were also absent from three sites where free-living X. victoriensis were recovered from substrate samples. Procambarus clarkii appeared at sites scattered across the country, while specimens with C. mesochoreus were restricted to the Adour drainage. This study has shown the widespread distribution of exotic branchiobdellidans in the wild and the virtual extinction of endemic species in France. In addition, we have provided the first European record of T. magna, and the first record of C. mesochoreus in France; the latter being only the second recording in Europe. With this comprehensive survey of their crayfish hosts in France, monitoring future exotic range expansions and endemic contraction or extinction can be traced. These data will be available to authorities for future planning in maintaining healthy freshwater bodies by reducing the damaging effects caused by exotic crayfishes.

The database on vegetation of water objects of the South Urals on the basis of the published relevés (Grigoryev, Solomeshch, 1987а; Petrov, Grigoryev, 1991; Petrov, Onishchenko, 1991) and the relevés executed by authors, was created. The analysis of a phytocoenotic variety of vegetation of the classes Lemnetea de Bolòs et Masclans 1955 and Charetea Fukarek ex Krausch 1964 was carried out. The water vegetation of the South Urals of the classes Lemnetea and Charetea is classified to 4 orders, 4 unions, 11 associations and 8 variants. The greatest variety of the plant communities of the class Lemnetea which unites cosmopolitan free-floating communities or pleustophyte communities in water column, widespread in reservoirs with still or drift water. Communities of this class are identified on accurately expressed floating layer of pleustophytes. Ricciocarpetum natantis association is noted for the first time in the region. The class Charetea unites water vegetation with prevalence of the submersed macroscopic algae of Charophyta division of the order of Charales. In the South Urals this class is presented by the only association Charetum globularis which is noted locally in the Cis-Urals. The comparative analysis of plant communities of the classes Lemnetea and Charetea in various regions of Russia and the neighboring countries has shown that the South Urals is characterized by a high syntaxonomic variety of vegetation. The communities described in estuarine part of the Dnieper River (Dubyna, Dzyuba, 2011) and the undercurrent of the Volga River (Golub, Maltsev, 2013) got the biggest structural similarities as well as wealth of classes’ coenofloras, and also in Western Siberia (Taran et al., 2004; Taran, 2008; Kipriyanova, 2013). Obviously, near latitudinal location of regions and similarity of types of water objects is affects. The aquatic vegetation of the South Urals demonstrates the smallest similarity with plant communities of the northern regions of Russia.

The problem of protecting rare communities in the vegetation cover still remains poorly studied. Currently, it is relevant for aquatic and coastal aquatic plant communities of lakes and river estuaries of the Arkhangelsk Region. Two critical criteria were used to distinguish rare communities: 1) protected species are cenosis-formers, 2) species that were first noted outside the northern border of the ranges are either cenosis-formers, or abundant in the composition of communities. The first criterion includes communities with species listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation (2008) and the Arkhangelsk Region (), if these species are significant from the point of phytocenosis. The last includes taxa and plant populations of the Arkhangelsk Region that need special attention to their state in the natural environment and are recommended for bio-surveillance. The second criterion includes the communities of the Glycerietum fluitantis association located on the coast of the Pechora Inlet, which were described here for the first time. The communities’ habitats are water bodies that differ significantly in hydrological conditions. Lobelietum dsortmannae, Isoëto lacustris–Lobelietum dortmannii, Isoëto echinosporae–Lobelietum dortmannae, Lobelieto dortmannae–Phragmitetum australis, Lobelieto dortmannae–Caricetum rostratae, Fontinalieto dalecarlicae–Phragmitetum australis, Fontinalieto dalecarlicae–Nupharetum lutea associations are typical for oligotrophic and oligo-mesotrophic lakes of the hydrocarbonate class with low water salinity. Nympheto candidae–Nupharetum pumilae, Potamogeneto natantis–Nymphaeetum tetragonae, Chareto virgatae–Scirpetum lacustris associations are identified in eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes. Communities of Chareto strigosae–Charetum asperae, Charetum subspinosae, Chareto subspinosae–Phragmitetum australis charosum subspinosae associations develop in sulfate lakes with increased water salinity. Ruppietum maritimae, Glycerietum fluitantis purum, Hippurideto tetraphillae–Glycerietum, and Zannichellia pedunculata communities are typical for river estuaries. We have described most of the rare communities for specially protected natural areas of the Arkhangelsk Region: in the Kenozero National Park, the Onega Pomorie National Park, the Pinezhskiy Nature Reserve, the Nenetskiy Nature Reserve, and the Pakhanchenskiy Nature Reserve. At the end of the article, some recommendations for the protection of rare communities are given. They are useful for monitoring such species in protected areas. The protection of rare communities is based on the principle that any species that is part of the community is its integral part. The destruction of cenosis-forming species leads to the disappearance of both an integral unique community and protected species as a part of it, regardless of whether they are phytocenotically significant, or grow singularly within the community.

Abstract The Saint-Narcisse morainic complex extends over 750 km along the southern margin of the Laurentian Highlands in Québec, north of the St. Lawrence Valley, between the Ottawa and Saguenay Rivers. To the east, the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin was located in the present St. Lawrence Estuary. To the west, the morainic complex is extended 235 km west of the Ottawa River to the Algonquin Highlands, in Ontario. The general outline of the morainic complex comprises large lobes and reentrants, related to major topographic features. In the lower Saint-Maurice River area, the moraine is composed of reworked clay and till and proximal glaciomarine deposits (Yamachiche Diamicton) and melt-out till and ice-marginal outwash (Charette Drift). The Saint-Narcisse Event can be subdivided in several phases: local readvance in low areas, main phase at the origin of the Saint-Narcisse Moraine s.s., melting-out of the marginal ice with compressive structures and large proglacial outwash features, and slow retreat with secondary ridges. The accuracy of the chronological data is limited by several factors: and a floating chronology is proposed. Two landmarks constrain the age and range of duration of the main Saint-Narcisse phase. The main ridge deposition occured after the onset, ca. 12.9 cal ka, of Champlain Sea in the St. Lawrence Valley, and a rapid ice retreat on the southern edge of the Laurentians. It ended before the drawdowm, in the Lake Huron basin, of Glacial Lake Algonquin ca. 12.5 cal ka. The Saint-Narcisse Event is related to the early cold phase of Younger Dryas, as evidenced by other YD ice readvances in Maine, Nova Scotia, and ice cover on the Gaspé Peninsula. It corresponds to a positive change of the budget of the Laurentide Ice Sheet as a result of climate forcing. After a slow ice front retreat during about 900-700 yr, the final phase of YD is marked by the Mars-Batiscan Moraine, located 17 to 70 km north of the Saint-Narcisse Moraine.

Ce travail propose d’étudier le fleuve Charente, un cours d’eau à faible énergie, entre Angoulême et Saintes afin d’améliorer les connaissances sur le fonctionnement des cours d’eau à faible énergie et notamment de l’anastomose. Les objectifs principaux sont de retracer la trajectoire d’évolution du fleuve Charente à l’échelle multiséculaire et de déterminer le rôle des forçages anthropiques, des héritages géomorphologiques et de la variabilité hydro-climatique dans sa trajectoire ; et d’expliquer l’origine et le maintien de l’anastomose sur la section amont (Angoulême-Cognac). La méthode repose sur une approche géohistorique, géomorphométrique et géomorphologique. Les résultats démontrent 1) une métamorphose fluviale d’un style en tresses pré-holocène vers un style anastomosé sur la section amont ; 2) une simplification de l’anastomose susceptible de commencer dès le Néolithique final et l’Âge du Bronze ; 3) une influence fluvio-marine sur la section aval pendant l’Atlantique ancien et le milieu du Subboréal et 4) un hiatus documentaire sur les périodes de changement climatique rapide. Les résultats géohistoriques révèlent une stabilité globale des formes fluviales sur la période récente et probablement sur le long terme. Cette conclusion peut être nuancée. Les résultats montrent 1) une simplification de la structure fluviale sur la période récente (principalement fin XVIIIe-fin XIXe siècles) dépendante de la trajectoire d’anthropisation du cours d’eau et de la variabilité hydro-climatique et 2) une complexification de la mosaïque fluviale à l’échelle locale au XXe siècle attribuée à l’abandon des pratiques d’entretien du cours d’eau et aux variations du régime de crues
This work proposes to study the Charente river, a low-energy river, between Angoulême and Saintes for enhance knowledge on the functioning of low-energy rivers and in particular the anastomosis. The main aims are to analyze the evolutionary trajectory of the Charente river on a multisecular timescale and identify the anthropogenic controls, geomorphological heritages and hydro-climatic variability in its trajectory ; and explain the genesis and the conservation of the anastomosis on the upstream section (Angoulême-Cognac). The method is based on a geohistorical, geomorphometrical and geomorphological approach. Results show a fluvial metamorphosis from a braiding pattern pre-Holocene to anastomosing pattern on the upstream section; a simplification of anastomosing pattern potentially begin to the Final Neolithic and the Bronze Age; a fluvio-marine influence on the downstream section during the Atlantic and the mid-Subboreal; and 4) a documentary hiatus on the rapid climate change periods. Geohistoric results expose a global stability of fluvial forms over the recent period and probably on the long-term. This conclusion needs to be nuanced. Results highlight 1) a simplification of the pattern fluvial between the recent period (mainly late 18th / late 20th centuries) dependent on the anthropisation trajectory of river and the hydro-climatic variability and 2) a complexification of the fluvial mosaic at local level during the 20th century attributed to cessation of river maintenance practices and variations of flood regime

The wonderful discovery of parietal figures in the entrance chamber of Church Hole by P. Bahn, P. Pettitt and S. Ripoll in 2003 invites us to study the elements that are linked to the topography of parietal figures made on ceilings in daylight. At Creswell, early excavations had revealed Magdalenian occupations. This association between habitation and parietal figures recalls other contexts, such as for example that of the Roc-aux-Sorciers at Angles-sur-l’Anglin (Vienne, France). This Magdalenian site contains a sculpted, engraved, and painted parietal assemblage which extends for more than 50 m at the foot of the cliff along the Anglin River. The upstream part of the site, called the Taillebourg cave, and which corresponds to a typical vestibule, yielded numerous decorated blocks that came from a major collapse of the cave’s ceiling; their refitting is currently under way. The downstream part, known as the abri Bourdois, which is a shallow overhang, at present contains a sculpted, engraved, and painted frieze, almost 20 m long, located on the vertical wall at the back of the rockshelter. Today the shelter’s ceiling has no traces of sculpture or engraving, but nothing confirms or rules out the presence of parietal figures here in the Magdalenian. After an analysis of the spatial organization of the figures in the abri Bourdois, we shall look at the elements at our disposal for understanding the figures on the ceiling of the Taillebourg cave in order to grasp whether the difference in location and the morphology of the supports had any impact on the spatial organization of the figures in the site as a whole. The site of the Roc-aux-Sorciers is located in Poitou-Charentes, in central-west France, in the commune of Angles-sur-l’Anglin. It was oficially classed as a historical monument on 18 January 1955. Facing directly south, it extends for about 50 m, at the foot of cliffs, near the present-day village, on the right bank of the Anglin (Fig. 12.1).