Дисертації з теми "Characteristic rules"

Motivation: In the Sub-Saharan Africa countries there are several factors contributing to the collapse of firms. Most firms have failed due to poor corporate governance practices. The recent collapse of some firms in the financial and non-financial sectors in the Sub-region shows that there are challenges hindering effective corporate governance of firms in the Subregion. Consequently, this study uses empirical evidence to identify views about the important components of good corporate governance practice for listed firms: institutional characteristics; the board of directors; and the effects of external factors. Research question: The pertinent research question that this study addresses is the identification of the components that are essential for good corporate governance of firms in the Sub-region. This study tries to prioritise the components. Methodology: Data were collected by questionnaire administered to stakeholders of corporate governance of listed firms in Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa. Regression is used to estimate the relationship between institutional characteristic, responsibilities of the board of directors and external factors on corporate governance system. Main findings: 1. Enforcement, disclosure, transparency and regulatory frameworks may be necessary to improve corporate governance practice in all the countries in the Sub-region (SSAA). 2. There is evidence that commitment of board members to disclosure and communication may provide effective corporate governance practice. 3. Board duality (separation of role between chairman and CEO) is likely to hinder corporate governance practices. 4. We found that in all the countries in the Sub-region accounting system plays a major role to promote sound corporate governance practice. However, the political environment, societal and cultural factor, corruption, and economic factors such as macro-economic policies may hinder corporate governance practices.Policy recommendations: This study recommends that corporate governance stakeholders should adopt a whistle blowing method and also that institutional bodies should be more prudent in monitoring of rules and laws with stringent penalties. In addition, there should be adequate information and disclosure on the rights and obligation of the shareholder of firms in the sub-region region. There is need to increase the number and role of independent directors, increase the use of advisory vote by shareholders on executive compensation and facilitation of shareholders activism. Furthermore, there is a need to have autonomous regulatory bodies and supervisory agencies free from any political/ government interference in the implementation of the Code and Guideline of corporate governance. The regulatory bodies and the supervisory agencies should be manned or be under the leadership of people of goodwill, good character and trust. The Code or Guideline of corporate governance of Sub-Saharan Africa Anglophone countries should take cognisance of and be aligned with socio-cultural environment of the countries in the Sub-region.

Пряхін Є.В. Адміністративно-правове регулювання і забезпечення дотримання правил благоустрою населених пунктів в Україні: дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.07 – адміністративне право і процес; фінансове право; інформаційне право / Пряхін Євген Васильович. – Львів: Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2007. - 217 с.
Дисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню законо-давчих, теоретичних та практичних проблем діяльності, пов’язаної з благоустроєм населених пунктів. Проаналізовано основні етапи роз-витку суспільних відносин у сфері благоустрою, розкрито компе-тенції органів публічної влади у регулюванні питань благоустрою. Дано характеристику взаємодії органів з питань благоустрою. Сформульовано висновки та пропозиції, спрямовані на підвищення ефективності адміністративно-правового регулювання і забезпе-чення благоустрою населених пунктів. The dissertation deals with the complex investigation of legislative, theoretical, practical problems at the activity connected with public wel-fare of inhabited settlements. The main steps of social relations develop-ment at the public welfare sphere are analyzed, the public authority competence in planning and organization of public service is considered. The interaction characteristic of competent bodies is given. The conclusions and suggestions to raise the efficiency of administrative-legal regulation and public welfare enforcement are formulated.

Data mining is about the search for relationships and global patterns in large databases that are increasing in size. Data mining is beneficial for anyone who has a huge amount of data, for example, customer and business data, transaction, marketing, financial, manufacturing and web data etc. The results of data mining are also referred to as knowledge in the form of rules, regularities and constraints. Rule mining is one of the popular data mining methods since rules provide concise statements of potentially important information that is easily understood by end users and also actionable patterns. At present rule mining has received a good deal of attention and enthusiasm from data mining researchers since rule mining is capable of solving many data mining problems such as classification, association, customer profiling, summarization, segmentation and many others. This thesis makes several contributions by proposing rule mining methods using genetic algorithms and neural networks. The thesis first proposes rule mining methods using a genetic algorithm. These methods are based on an integrated framework but capable of mining three major classes of rules. Moreover, the rule mining processes in these methods are controlled by tuning of two data mining measures such as support and confidence. The thesis shows how to build data mining predictive models using the resultant rules of the proposed methods. Another key contribution of the thesis is the proposal of rule mining methods using supervised neural networks. The thesis mathematically analyses the Widrow-Hoff learning algorithm of a single-layered neural network, which results in a foundation for rule mining algorithms using single-layered neural networks. Three rule mining algorithms using single-layered neural networks are proposed for the three major classes of rules on the basis of the proposed theorems. The thesis also looks at the problem of rule mining where user guidance is absent. The thesis proposes a guided rule mining system to overcome this problem. The thesis extends this work further by comparing the performance of the algorithm used in the proposed guided rule mining system with Apriori data mining algorithm. Finally, the thesis studies the Kohonen self-organization map as an unsupervised neural network for rule mining algorithms. Two approaches are adopted based on the way of self-organization maps applied in rule mining models. In the first approach, self-organization map is used for clustering, which provides class information to the rule mining process. In the second approach, automated rule mining takes the place of trained neurons as it grows in a hierarchical structure.

There is an abundance of sports-science related research on Australian Rules football (ARF). However, there is a paucity of research examining the factors contributing to instances of scoring (accurate scores [a ‘goal’; 6 points] and near misses [a ‘behind’; 1 point]) and the characteristics of those instances (e.g. proximity to goal) in both the Australian Football League (AFL; the premier national competition) and the lower levels of the game. Furthermore, goal conversion percentage, i.e. the number of goals divided by the number of scoring instances, has recently been deemed the performance indicator most associated with a successful (i.e. winning) match outcome. Yet, there is limited research detailing the goal conversion percentage from different types of shots (i.e. a ‘set shot’ [unopposed attempt resulting directly from a free-kick or a ball caught on the full] or a ‘general play shot’ [within free play]), on- field locations and time periods. The principal purpose of the present research was to improve our understanding of the characteristics of scoring instances in elite ARF by quantifying: 1) the source (whether that be a ‘kick in’ [a set play that guarantees possession of the ball to a team following the scoring of a behind against them], a ‘stoppage’ in play [a neutral contest that sees one of the games’ officials start/restart the play for the beginning of each quarter, following the scoring of a goal, out of bounds or when the ball’s motion is halted due to congestion] or a ‘turnover’ [losing possession of the ball to the opposition during general play]) and on-field starting location of the chain of events leading to a score (‘chain origin’), 2) the mode by which the ball was transferred to goal, including whether and where the ball commenced from within 50 m of the defensive goal (‘rebound 50’) and/or within 50 m of the offensive goal (‘inside 50’), 3) the duration of the uninterrupted transfer to goal (the ‘scoring chain’), 4) the on-field location of where shots occurred from, the type of shot used, type of score that was recorded (i.e. ‘goal’, ‘behind’ or ‘rushed behind’; the latter occurring when a player deliberately disposes, punches or carries the ball over their own goal line, resulting in one point being conceded) and the ‘goal conversion percentage’ (i.e. the number of goals divided by the number of scoring instances excluding rushed behinds) from each on-field location and shot type, and 5) the time of match at which scores were registered as well as the goal conversion percentage within particular time periods. The secondary purpose of the present research was to determine whether the characteristics described above differed between winning and losing teams. Video footage for all 198 matches of the 2016 AFL home and away season was obtained from the AFL and analysed using SportsCode, which enabled coding of the characteristics described above. In total, 9599 scoring instances were coded, consisting of 5110 goals, 3615 behinds and 874 rushed behinds, with teams scoring an average of 89 points per match, three more points than in the previous two seasons. Turnovers accounted for the largest proportion of scoring instances, followed by stoppages; very few occurred via kick-ins. The majority of scoring instances originated from the forward half of the ground, specifically in the attacking midfield area, whilst few originated from the defensive 50 m area. Instances occurring closer to the offensive goal required less time and fewer passes (player-to-player ball transfers [i.e. ‘disposals’]) to create a scoring opportunity. Scoring attempts were more frequently performed at distances of 30 - 50 m from goal but were more accurate when within 30 m; set shots were more accurate than attempts that occurred in general play. The frequency of scoring instances did not vary throughout matches, with no significant differences apparent between halves, quarters or sub-periods (5- and 10-min periods). Also, goal conversion percentage was not significantly influenced by time, although some qualitative variations were observed. Of the 9599 scoring instances registered during the 2016 AFL home and away season, 5621 (58.56%) and 3978 (41.44%) were scored by winning and losing teams, respectively. Winning teams averaged 108 points to the losing teams’ 70, leading to an average winning margin of 38 points. Despite winning teams recording a significantly greater number of scoring instances, the majority of characteristics for both teams’ scoring instances did not differ significantly. There was, however, a significant difference in the goal conversion percentage between winning and losing teams, particularly for scoring instances in general play, which was noticeably greater than for set shots. Similarly, winning teams consistently converted their shots at a higher percentage than losing teams across all quarters, with the difference most pronounced in the fourth quarter. In conclusion, the present research complements literature across other ball sports; describing how and when the best teams score. The characteristics of scoring instances in elite ARF were not dissimilar to those of soccer and field hockey, both of which feature goals that are located centrally. This would insinuate that tactics employed within these particular codes are interchangeable, thus, the results of the present research have practical applications for sports other than ARF. With respect to ARF, the characteristics of winning and losing teams’ scoring instances were comparable, however winning teams produced a greater number of scoring instances and converted a greater proportion of these into goals. The present research adds to the ever-growing body of work describing the tactics of ARF teams and their players, at the elite level of the sport, with particular reference to scoring.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 19, 2009). Advisor: Ran Barniv. Keywords: recommendation optimism, research analyst rules, residual income valuation, stock returns. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-156).

Millennials are the newest generation to enter the workforce. When Millennials enter organizations, managers construct perceptions about Millennials' communication behaviors, including their characteristics and adherence to organizational rules. These perceptions help managers decide Millennials' organizational fit. A review of literature revealed a scarcity of empirical research in this area with little empirical research from communication scholars who apply communication frameworks, theories, and concepts. This research used the lens of social constructionism to understand the membership categorization devices and category-bound activities managers use to characterize Millennials. In order to better understand how Millennials conform to and change organizational culture, data were reviewed for those normative and code rules managers described Millennials violating. In this qualitative, exploratory study, 25 managers who were 31 years of age or older that worked in the hospitality industry and managed Millennial (18 to 30 years old) employees were interviewed through a snowball convenience sample. Interviews were transcribed and patterns were identified. Data analysis indicated that “kids,” “age group,” and “Millennials” and variations of the Millennial term were used to categorize Millennials. Analysis of category-bound activities showed patterns in Millennials' desire for learning and training, mixed preference for teamwork often affected by their liking for peers, and needs for frequent, clear, personalized feedback. With respect to rule violations, data showed that some organizations were adapting their cell phone policies in response to Millennial rules resistance. However, organizations were not willing to accommodate Millennials' rule violations in either the area of time-off requests or uncivil behavior due to organizational codes.
M.A.
Masters
Communication
Sciences
Communication; Interpersonal Communications

Relatively few empirical studies in the professional burnout literature have examined mental health providers (MHPs). Research on other professional groups has demonstrated that certain emotion regulation strategies, known as emotional labor (i.e., deep acting and surface acting), are common responses to perceived display rules (i.e., professional guidelines for emotional expression), and are differentially associated with burnout. The present study aimed to fill a gap in the literature by evaluating the empirical links between work stressors (i.e., role conflict, role ambiguity, and lack of autonomy), personality (i.e., extraversion), emotional labor (i.e., surface acting and deep acting), and burnout in a sample of MHPs. Additional variables (i.e., perceived emotional display rules, client characteristics, etc.) were also explored. Data from an online survey of 188 MHPs working in Florida was analyzed using multivariate and univariate regressions. The results of this study supported several of the hypothesized relationships between predictor variables and burnout. Most notably, extraversion, role conflict, role ambiguity, autonomy, and surface acting were significantly associated with one or more dimensions of burnout. Support was not found for extraversion as a moderator of the relationships between work stressors and burnout or between work stressors and emotional labor strategies. The effects of emotional labor strategies as mediators of the relationships between work stressors and burnout were not statistically significant. Implications and limitations of the findings, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.

In recent years, there has been increased interest and research on identifying the various ways that students can deviate from expected or desired patterns while using educational software. This includes research on gaming the system, player transformation, haphazard inquiry, and failure to use key features of the learning system. Detection of these sorts of behaviors has helped researchers to better understand these behaviors, thus allowing software designers to develop interventions that can remediate them and/or reduce their negative impacts on student learning. This work addresses two types of student disengagement: carelessness and a behavior we term WTF (“Without Thinking Fastidiously�) behavior. Carelessness is defined as not demonstrating a skill despite knowing it; we measured carelessness using a machine learned model. In WTF behavior, the student is interacting with the software, but their actions appear to have no relationship to the intended learning task. We discuss the detector development process, validate the detectors with human labels of the behavior, and discuss implications for understanding how and why students conduct inquiry without thinking fastidiously while learning in science inquiry microworlds. Following this work we explore the relationship between student learner characteristics and the aforementioned disengaged behaviors carelessness and WTF. Our goal was to develop a deeper understanding of which learner characteristics correlate to carelessness or WTF behavior. Our work examines three alternative methods for predicting carelessness and WTF behaviors from learner characteristics: simple correlations, k-means clustering, and decision tree rule learners.

With the efforts to understand the protein structure, many computational approaches have been made recently. Among them, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods have been recently applied and showed successful performance compared with other machine learning schemes. However, despite the high performance, the SVM approaches suffer from the problem of understandability since it is a black-box model; the predictions made by SVM cannot be interpreted as biologically meaningful way. To overcome this limitation, a new association rule based classifier PCPAR was devised based on the existing classifier, CPAR to handle the sequential data. The performance of the PCPAR was improved more by designing the following two hybrid schemes. The PCPAR/SVM method is a parallel combination of the PCPAR and the SVM and the PCPAR_SVM method is a sequential combination of the PCPAR and the SVM. To understand the SVM prediction, the SVM_PCPAR scheme was developed. The experimental result presents that the PCPAR scheme shows better performance with respect to the accuracy and the number of generated patterns than CPAR method. The PCPAR/SVM scheme presents better performance than the PCPAR, PCPAR_SVM or the SVM_PCPAR and almost equal performance to the SVM. The generated patterns are easily understandable and biologically meaningful. The system sturdiness evaluation and the ROC curve analysis proved that this new scheme is robust and competent.

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O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é o processo intervalar na construção composicional de Almeida Prado em suas três fases pós-ruptura, chamadas de Pós-Tonal, Síntese e Pós-Moderna. A concepção intervalar do compositor é demonstrada por análises realizadas em três obras, uma de cada fase pós-ruptura: Sonata n. 3, Cartas Celestes I e Noturno n. 7, respectivamente. A análise tem sua metodologia baseada em um recorte arbitrário que buscou compreender três intervalos básicos que podem ser somados a outros três intervalos enarmônicos como ampliação das possibilidades intervalares na escrita. O desenvolvimento teórico da pesquisa aprofundou-se a partir de um foco e uma análise intervalar que, conceitualmente, buscaram uma superação terminológica de uma formulação anterior nomeada como expressividade intervalar (SANT’ANA, 2009) para a atualização terminológica definida como intervalo característico. O embasamento teórico para essa concepção intervalar deu-se a partir das proposições de Boulanger (1926), Costère (1954, 1962), Forte (1973), Straus ([1990] 2013), Pousseur ([2005] 2009) e Menezes (2002). Como contextualização crítico-histórica, foi realizada uma revisão sucinta de tendências teórico-analíticas e seus problemas, reconsiderando-se as observações de Schoenberg ([1922] 2001, [1954] 2004), Kerman ([1985] 1987), Cook (1987, 2007) e Kramer (2015). Para se validar a construção e o caráter da ferramenta teórico-analítica aqui empreendida, utilizou-se a teoria de Lacey (2008) associada à visão teórico-musicológica desses autores. Com o processo analítico, apresentado no quarto capítulo, procurou-se demonstrar a grande incidência do(s) intervalo(s) característico(s) na construção estrutural das obras, desvelando-se um número variado de estratégias composicionais adotadas por Almeida Prado associadas a esses intervalos. Ainda no quarto capítulo, foi aplicada a ferramenta denominada régua intervalar, que pode ajudar na melhor compreensão dos intervalos com mais potencial de dissonância, os quais agem por meio de interação e contraste frente ao background aparentemente tonal dos intervalos mais consonantes ligados aos primeiros sete parciais (harmônicos) da série harmônica. Assim, em uma pesquisa futura, a ferramenta e a proposição analítica aqui desenvolvidas podem contribuir na compreensão e na sistematização dos tipos de objetos harmônicos pensados como entidades tímbricas que são moldados a partir dessa concepção intervalar.
The object of study this work is the interval process in the compositional construction of Brazilian pianist and composer Almeida Prado in his three post-rupture phases, called PostTonal, Synthesis and Post-Modern. The intervalar conception of the composer is demonstrated by analyses carried out in three works - one from each post-rupture phase (Sonata n. 3, Cartas Celestes I and Noturno n. 7). The analysis has its methodology based on an arbitrary crop that sought to understand three basic intervals that can be added to three other enharmonic intervals as an extension of the interval possibilities in writing. The theoretical development of the research was deepened from a focus and an interval analysis that, conceptually, sought a terminological overcoming of an earlier formulation named as intervalar expressivity (SANT'ANA, 2009) for the terminological update defined as a characteristic interval. The theoretical basis for this interval conception came from the propositions of Boulanger (1926), Costère (1954, 1962), Forte (1973), Straus ([1990] 2013), Pousseur ([2005] 2009) and Menezes (2002). As a critical-historical context, a brief review of theoretical-analytical trends and their problems was carried out, reconsidering the observations of Schoenberg ([1922] 2001, [1954] 2004), Kerman ([1985], 1987), Cook (1987, 2007) and Kramer (2015). To validate the construction and character of the theoreticalanalytical tool undertaken here, Lacey (2008)’s theory was used associated with the theoretical-musicological view, methodologically adopted in this work. Like the analytical process contained in the fourth chapter, one tried to demonstrate the great incidence of the characteristic interval (s) in the structural construction of the works, revealing a varied number of compositional strategies adopted by Almeida Prado associated to these intervals. Still in the fourth chapter, the tool called interval rule was applied, which can help in better understanding the intervals with more potential of dissonance that act through interaction and contrast against the seemingly tonal background of the more consonant intervals linked to the first seven (harmonic) partials of the harmonic series. Thus, in a future research, the tool and the analytical proposition developed here, can contribute to the comprehension and systematization of the types of harmonic objects thought as timbral entities that are shaped from this intervalar conception.

This thesis deals with oportunity of ROC curve usage in the description of methods that work with sound signals. Specifically, it focuses on ways of detecting of stress in speech signals. The detection itselfs is done in a range of frequencies of the sound signal. There is also a classifier designed using ROC curves that decides whether the input signal is stressed or not. The output of this thesis are findings gathered from analyses and also some recommendation based on those analyses.

碩士
中原大學
會計學系
88
In order to realize that Information should be fully disclosed to protect the investors, the Financial Accounting Standard Board in Taiwan issued No. 27 “Disclosures on Financial Instruments”, which requires all of the firms to fully disclose the relevant information of their financial instruments. Therefore, this study will investigate the disclosure status of Financial and Insurance industries to understand how they follow the rules of FASB No.27. This paper design a criteria to examine how each firm follows the rule of FASB No.27, and futher explores the relationship between ths SCORES and characteristics. This paper finds out (1) The disclosures on financial risks for Financial and Insurance industries are quite different, and most of them did not provide with actual amounts or just mentioned that the reasons why they didn’t disclose information because they didn’t encounter with material risks. (2) Insufficient fair market value:Even though the FASB No.27 requires a lot on “the year-end fair value of asset and liability should be separately listed、”the average fair value” and “right of setoff and mastermnetting arrangement” made it difficult to completely show the fair value. (3) The differences between additional disclosures:The additional disclosures on credit risks of derivative financial instruments are just for reference, because the disclosure didn’t express the related information sufficiently. On the other hand, the disclosures on the non-derivative financial instruments are quite complete because these instruments are in the traditional field of the financial institutions. (4)The extend of accordance to FASB No. 27 and firms’ characteristics are not statistically significant except BTM ratio.

In this work, we addressed the problem of developing an agent-based artificial general intelligence that can be implemented in compact and power-efficient electronic hardware. We proposed an approach intended to show the feasibility of using this conceptual hardware-based architecture to replicate simple cognitive behaviours. This research started with surveys on cognitive behaviours and their decision-making architectures and compared them with a production rule-based parallel processing computation architecture. In order to demonstrate their potential, a sample case study of the homing behaviour of honey bees was undertaken to demonstrate the possibility of reproducing cognitive behaviours using a production rule-based cognitive architecture. We developed rule-based agents for a mobile platform which, under experimental conditions, made decisions to retrace its path back to a target position by comparison with the reference images. The agent made consistent overall cognitive decisions using fuzzified elements and guided the system reliably to target positions. Then, the research shifted to finding cognitive data representations and constructing cognitive decision-making structures in that production rule-based system. We introduced a new symbolic way of describing the significant features in an image, which is to use a collection of fuzzy symbolic elements to describe the characteristics of the current environmental information. It filtered out any unnecessary details, yet retained sufficient information describing the frame to enable reliable comparisons between images for the purposes of navigation. Numerical data were converted into fuzzy symbolic representations of the surrounding environment. The modified Fuzzy Inference System includes the reasoning rules used to support the cognitive decision-making process. One of the main disadvantages of a rule-based approach is the effort spent on developing rules. In order to reduce the workload of developing rules manually for agents, a modified Association Rules Mining (ARM) method was introduced to discover effective rules for agents autonomously, based on training data sets. This novel rule development method has been demonstrated through a trainable autonomous parking system, which can develop rules for autonomous parking agents.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2021

碩士
國立中興大學
財務金融研究所
92
This study employs three types of technical analysis indicators, Stochastics (KD) ,Moving Averages and Range Break to construct trading rules and examines the performance of the rules applied to American stock market from 1980 to 2001. (Reblance two years) We also analyze the validity of the technical rules combined with firm’s characteristics. The results, in general, show that the technical rules outperform the buy-and-hold strategy. When technical rules are linked to portfolios with high volume turnover rate, small firms, high earnings yield, and low number of analysts, it generates higher returns. The results can be explained as a rebut to the “Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH).” Alternatively, the results may indicate that technical rules are able to trace the over- and/or under-reaction behavior of noise traders or investors depend too much on technical analysis so that the trading rules fulfill investors’ expectations.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
86
abstractAmong various statistical process control (SPC) charts, Shewhart chart has been the most used control chart in practice due to its simplicity and ex plicit representation. In many practical situations, there are two or more rel ated quality characteristics that need to be monitored simultaneously. The She whart chart currently being used is inefficient for monitoring multiple variab les and lacks the capability to consider relations among variables. In this pa per, we develop runs rules for the Shewhart chart to control bivariate data. T he results show that the Shewhart chart with runs rules is comparable, and in some cases superior to the T2 control chart. We will use the thickness data of the SiO2 layer as an example to illustrate the methodology.The bivariate Shew hart control runs rules is applied to process with multivariate quality charac teristics.We use trivariate quality characteristic as an example to discuss re lations of three variates.The different applied methods are compared with T2 c ontrol chart.The results illustrate advantages and disadvantages of three appl ied methods.To get the application completeness of the bivariate Shewhart con trol runs rules.

碩士
國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
92
A semiconductor foundry is essentially a make-to-order (MTO) factory. However, when there is no enough order, a foundry may product some make-to-stock (MTS) products to maintain high utilization of machines. This research proposes a scheduling rule for a MTO/MTS semiconductor fab with machine-dedication characteristics. The scheduling rule aims to achieve high hit-rate (on-time delivery rate) for MTO products as well as high throughput for MTS products. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling rule outperforms some other representative rules in literature.

碩士
萬能科技大學
資訊管理研究所
103
Following the implementation of financial liberalization policies in Taiwan, the finance market has become increasingly deregulated, which has subsequently reduced the interest rate spread and profits of banks. Specifically, after policies allowed the establishment of new banks, the growth in number of banks was excessive, which posed greater challenges for making profit. Koch (1998) proposed that 80% of profits are generated through 20% of customers. Therefore, to prevent loss of clients and to create new clientele, banks must understand the deposit characteristics of existing customers and use these characteristics as indicators for creating future clientele. The present study employed the customers of a certain private bank in Taiwan as the research subjects and examined their deposits. The association rules of data mining were applied to infer customer deposit behavior. Correlations between the subjects’ background (e.g., age and gender) and product attribute (e.g., type of product and currency) were identified and further used for determining the patterns of deposit. The results can be used as reference by banks for future marketing strategies and to develop deposit portfolios for different clients.

碩士
立德管理學院
應用資訊研究所
94
The relationship between goods in the database can be excavated by the association rules; if one can utilize this information properly, it can help users to discover implicit knowledge. There are a lot of methods existed as to how the association rules can be excavated effectively; however, most of the existing algorithms deal only with the single level of association rules. With the diversifying goods, less and less association rules are excavated and more and more implicit knowledge cannot be shown. In addiction, if the decision maker wants to carry on marketing to the customer who consumes specific good, the relationship between the customer’s characteristic and the specific good must be found out. Therefore, offer one excavating multi-level characteristic algorithm can meet each side’s demands. The majority of the traditional multi-level association rule is to transfer materials into stratifying structure data, and then using single-level association rule algorithm in each level to calculate for the association rules. In this thesis, we have put forward the new application, the Boolean algorithm for discovering the multi-level characteristic rule; it is manly putted forward a suitable for using and excavating the highly related association rules among customer characteristic and goods.

碩士
淡江大學
國際貿易學系國際企業學碩士班
93
With the prosperity of stock investment, futures contract is getting more important and has already become a trend on international financial markets. If investors hope to obtain gains of arbitrage from futures contract, they must understand implicit information between futures and spots. Based on the basis rate between futures and spots, in this text we discuss how to construct arbitrage rules in order to carry on actual return. We focus on SIMEX and TAIFEX futures. At the same time, we make a series of studies on the stock characteristics of futures and spots of both SIMEX and TAIFEX. This text we use of the closing prices of every day of futures and spots to obtain the necessary basis rate, then we construct arbitrage rule I and II. Utilizing similar methods, we use the basis rate obtained from the event of furious rising and falling to construct arbitrage rule III and IV. Afterwards, we distinguish out the differences of futures and spots by utilizing four stock characteristics (rate of returns, risks, speculative behavior, furious rising and falling), and then use a modified mean-variance utility valuation approach to assess the investment value of four financial commodities (SIMEX futures and spots, TAIFEX futures and spots). After empirical study, we can get following six results： 1.Under arbitrage rule I and II, operation success rate and average rate of returns for SIMEX futures are superior to TAIFEX futures. 2.For both SIMEX futures and TAIFEX futures, operation success rate and average rate of returns under arbitrage rule II are better than arbitrage rule I. 3.Under the operation of arbitrage rule III, TAIFEX futures can create operation success rate better than SIMEX futures, and the former can create better average rate of returns in index. But under the operation of arbitrage rule IV, SIMEX futures can create operation success rate and average rate of returns better than TAIFEX futures. 4.For SIMEX futures, operation success rate and average rate of returns under arbitrage rule IV are created better than those under arbitrage rule III. TAIFEX futures are just opposite to this situation. 5.Under arbitrage rule II and IV in practice is really feasible, SIMEX futures perform much better than TAIFEX futures. SIMEX futures present investment and speculate value in practice very well. 6.Utilizing the modified mean-variance utility valuation approach, we find SIEMX futures provide the investment environment will be superior to other three financial commodities.

碩士
中原大學
財經法律研究所
100
It does matter working conditions of employed workers, in addition to the contents of the labor contract, there are also working rules apply to all places of employment. Before the banking industry included in the Labor Standards Law, the financial institutions may set their own management regulations so-called “Personnel Management Handbook " or "Personal Work Manual" according to their organizational and management needs respectively. Considering there is a certain percentage of employed workers of banking industry and wondering are the working rules reasonable, by researching the present state and characteristics of the banking industry setting working rules since its application of the Labor Standards Law may provide us a further understanding through this article. The purpose of this article is by collecting and analyzing the working rules set by the different business entities in the banking industry, this article discusses in accordance with the form-oriented and content-oriented method to understand more of how the banking industry set working rules. After having a better knowing of the implementation of the current situation, this article keeps examine from the view of the banking employed workers whether there is an absence or deficiencies of the working rules set by the banking industry. In research methodology, this article uses literature to collect, analyze, and compare the content of the working rules set by certain banks as research objects as above mentioned. Study starts with discussing the legal nature and the controversy of working rules from the view of executive, doctrine and judicial practice. Then by examining of the actual cases, summarize views on the attitude of all relevant insights and practical use of the working rules in accordance with section 70 of the Labor Standards Law. Lastly, according to the summary of the common problem in accordance with the comparison and conclusion of the present state and characteristics of working rules, this article makes the suggestion of amendment for the baking industry. Generally speaking, the banking industry in Taiwan complies with the Labor Standards Law to set working rules in due form. In other words, they submit working rules in accordance with the procedures to concerned authorities for approval and publish them by the way of bank's internal network, or bulletin boards, or any other ways which employees may understand. In addition to the working rules, banks set to a single chapter specification for the working rules as supplements as well. Contrasting domestic banks with foreign banks, the former are more common to set working rules according to the provisions of the Labor Standards Law as a template, while the latter are more common to set working rules in a specific way. Taking a general view of contents, to set working rules in a specific way is more in line with the purpose of the work rules to make.

碩士
立德管理學院
應用資訊研究所
95
With the rapid development of information technology, satisfying the demands of customers is crucial for a company to make a profit in a competitive environment. Data mining techniques enable companies to explore meaningful patterns and rules from an enormous database. Association rule mining has been widely used. Many other relevant methods and researches have been published. However, most of the algorithms simply deal with the single level of association rules. The diversity of merchandise complicates the exploration of association rules and meaningful patterns. To satisfy the demands of customers, decision makers should examine the relation between their items and customers’ characteristics. The traditional multi-level association rules are mainly used to transfer materials into stratifying structure data. Then the single-level association rule algorithm is adopted to derive association rules. In this thesis, a new method “The FP-tree Algorithm:Investigation of the Multi-level Characteristic Rule” is proposed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the highly related association rules among customers’ characteristics and goods. It is expected that the FP-tree algorithm helps the users obtain meaningful association rules and put the data mining techniques into practice.

碩士
國立臺南大學
數位學習科技學系碩士班
98
With the digital era coming, data increase rapidly such that data mining becomes more completion for the information system. Unfortunately, hackers would retrieve the information, and furthermore use the tools of data mining to mine the hidden sensitive messages. In order to solve these problems, issue of privacy preserve becomes more attention. Thus, one of the most important research issues of data mining recently is to prevent privacy preserve under the effective mining environment. In the reality circumstance, data amount is not fixed, that new data probably would be added at any time. At present only focus single data of effective preserve that didn’t consider the new data added. Though, some researchers have considered new data added, however that didn’t think about relative characteristics of historical data. Due to the frequent distribution of new data added about itemsets is totally different from historical data, if only consider new data added that just because new data added would probably frequently appear, nevertheless, historical information doesn’t do, so it’s easy to delete a lot of items causing poor mining accuracy. In order to solve above problems, using storage numbers of historical data of two itemsets for hiding new data added effectively. Results of experiments show well effectiveness of hidden privacy preserve from each aspect of new data added, just became taking into considerations about the characteristics of historical data.

碩士
國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
98
The reservoir rule curve regulates released water to improve water use efficiency under different drought conditions. Rule curves currently are mainly established by simulation method, but it needs experienced engineers to adjust empirically. 　　Based on the property of stabilizing water supply of rule curve, this thesis analyzed the average shortage rate for each specific volume of a reservoir. It then connected storages of the same shortage rate of all ten-day periods as an effective way to establish reservoir rule curves. Because there are tremendous number of combinations of rule curves, one can select the best set of rule curves by comparing the performance of different management objectives. 　　This research uses the Water Resources Allocation Simulation Model (WRASIM) and imposes rule curve screening restriction to improve the correctness and efficiency of developing rule curves. This approach can reduce trial and error process and find a preferable set of curves more quickly. It provides engineers who adjust rule curves in trial and error method a direction to improve the curve to achieve related management objective. This research took the Tsengwen-Wushantou (T-W) system as case study to screen different types of rule curves according to different management objectives. The final near-optimal rule curves for different management objectives are described as follows: 　　1.If T-W system wants to get maximum of water supply, must raise up the storage position of middle limit which from the middle to the end stage of wet season to execute first level discounted water supply. It rations agricultural and industrial water supply, and makes each demand to get more water in dry season. The lower limit of rule curve almost downs to horizontal line. It reveals may be only one middle limit is necessary to execute first level discounted water supply to get the maximum water usage. 　　2.If T-W system wants to raise the reliability of water supply, must raise up the storage position of lower limit started from the middle stage of wet season, and it executes second level discounted water supply. It takes conservative policy of water supply, but will improve stable water supply in the future and reduce shortage index. 　　3.If T-W system wants to avoid the situation of empty reservoir, must raise up the storage position of lower limit of rule curve substantially from the middle stage of wet season till the end stage of dry season, and it will execute second level discounted water supply earlier than the above two objectives. The rule curve satisfies total water supply not less than rule curve of M3T10, and to tide over the special drought in the future. It not only maintains the water supply but also reduces the empty storage days.

碩士
國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
106
The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall in southern Taiwan is particularly uneven, which usually leads to severe water-deficits problems. Therefore, reservoir operation plays an important role for stable water supply. In Taiwan, reservoir releasing policies depend on the relationship between the storage and the predefined rule curves. The rule curves are lowered in flooding seasons due to flood prevention. Reservoir storage above rule curves during flooding seasons cannot guarantee sufficient water supply for the coming dry seasons. Besides, the rule curves crisply divide the storage into finite zones, which leads to step-wise hedging. To overcome the above problems, this study constructs the demand-based rule curves and uses fuzzy theory to smooth hedging factors. This study employs water availability to trigger hedging. The optimal hedging rules are searched using a multi-criteria optimization in terms of five shortage indices. This study chooses the Nanhua reservoir, located in southern Taiwan, as the case study to demonstrate the proposed approach. The results show that the derived reservoir operation strategies could mitigate the shortage effects more effectively than the current operation during droughts.

碩士
國立臺南大學
動畫媒體設計研究所
103
In animated films, villains usually represent evil or the negative side that is opposite to the protagonist. How to shape villains is quite important part of the animation. This study investigated the traits and designs of villains in animated films. Through an analysis of villains' external and internal images and review of related literature, this study attempted to find the meanings of villains in animated films. Results showed that the animated films released in recent years have different interpretations of villains. The designers of these firms have employed creative ways to present stories. In addition to changing the stereotypes of villains through visual designs, they also used different narrative structures to present multiple perspectives in their works, thus offering diverse values for audience judgment.

碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
醫療資訊管理研究所
96
Disease include the physical discomfort and the cultural attitude or concept, thus medical care seeking behavior is a multifactor issue. Various researches show that the seeking behavior is affected with the disease and the loyalty to the doctor is also influenced by the seeking behavior. Generally speaking , patients of chronic disease have the more loyalty than that of the acute. The gender may also affect the loyalty of the patient to the doctor or health provider.Different research method or period resulted in different conclusion. Most opinions agree the relation between the loyalty and the gender. Age is another import factor affecting the loyalty. Many studies got the result that the older the age, the more in the loyalty. There are some investigations showed that the affecting calibre is not uniform. Medical resource include the accessibility and the convenience to the health care, it may influence the decision-making of the patient. The attribute of the region comprise of the accessibility to the healthcare, the degree of the centralization of medical resource and the cultural habit of the dweller of the medical care seeking behavior. The more rich of the medical resource, the less in the loyalty. Even in the same health care service, different doctor or department may have the different loyalty from the patient. The subject of this study is the churn OPD (out-patient department) patient of Cigu health center of Tainan between 2000 and 2007,totally with 2900 patients. We use the association rule of SPSS Clementine to find the characteristics of the loss patient. Low visiting frequency, young people, resident of town center and the gender are the attribute of potential candidate of itemset. But the attribute of disease is not. We also develop a CNCH alogorithm which is efficiently better than that of the Apriori or STD (Summary topdown).

碩士
雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
98
The setting of process parameters for a solar cell was usually based on engineers’ experiences and a try-and-error process in practice. In addition, in the past literatures, many researchers always classified data using hard clustering. However, in reality, a data sample according to their characteristics can be classified into more than one group.The objective of this research is to apply fuzzy sets to define the membership functions and use the fuzzy membership value of data to classify them for setting the rule for the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) process of a solar cell process. First, this research uses experts and Fuzzy C-means (FCM) to define the fuzzy membership functions of process parameters which are un-normal distributions with bias. Second, the Fuzzy C-means is used to define the fuzzy membership function values for the quality characteristics. Finally, fuzzy variable precision rough set (Fuzzy VPRS) is applied to mine the rules from the process parameters and quality characteristics. Through the above-mentioned process, it can build a fuzzy rules base for engineers to set parameters. A comparison test is made in this research. The result of the Fuzzy VPRS model is better than that of the method which combines adaptive resonance theory network II (ART2) with VPRS. The accuracy of rule bases of the proposed model is higher than 95%. It demonstrates that the proposed model is very efficient for mining the rules for the PECVD process.

碩士
立德大學
數位應用研究所
98
Most researchers investigate effective methods of mining association rules in order to find out the items’ association rules of the databases to facilitate users. However, these researchers are only attention the association rules of items. Multiple items and technology develop quickly, and the association of items is less. A lot of messages are not found easily from the items, and traditional data mining methods have used widely. Most items focus on selling high-margin products, and not for customers needed. If decision makers want to understand the different characteristics of customers, they should know the date and frequency of buying items of the customers. Therefore, the decision makers must identify the association rules of customer characteristics, purchases date and items. The study is to integrate sequential patterns and FPML algorithm which are so-called FSP (Frequent Sequential Pattern). The FSP is used to explore the association among the multi-level rules, purchasing date, and items. According to the results of date mining, it will show what time customers may buy the items. It will enhance sales performance greatly by using marketing strategies.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
101
Screen printing process is the key process for solar cell metal electrodes made most critical production procedures in the solar cell system. Any of the solar battery of the production will be needed through network printing process to complete the conductive of the metal electrode of the production, but which is a solar battery system process the non-highest level but it is very important. Because the screen printing process would be no way to burn out of the metal electrodes on the wafer, it can’t complete the conductive function of the solar cell is the most important. For screen printing process, the most important part is the print volume, and the main reason has two, one of the network numbers of mesh, another one is printing parameters monitoring. This study is to investigate the monitoring parameters for printing process, because the on-site process often changes with the exception of the quality characteristics, and it is very important to maintain the stability of the screen printing process. In past of the literature, the industry’s information and data is often no certain rules, and parameters monitoring is usually based on trial and error for engineer experience, so there are many parameters and quality characteristics of the screen printing process, it will cause different views and inconsistent results. Therefore, this study will focus on the parameters of the process and product quality characteristics of the solar cell screen printing. First using Two-Step to bad product to clustered and defined, after use the BPN to establish the relationship between the process parameters and the quality characteristics, constructed between the input and output prediction mode. Finally, combine the VPRS and Decision Tree to clustering results, there have 14 rules in the knowledge base, and summarizing to the knowledge rule base, and ultimately construct the screen printing process parameters monitoring auxiliary Expert system. It is to provide on-site personnel to understand the situation of the screen printing process, and solve the solar cell will show the bad product in the printing process. Finally, this study will hope achieve suitable situation for screen printing’s production purposes.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
97
One of a critical problems for the solar production engineer is to find the optimal process parameter and to know the relationships or the rules between process parameters and quality criteria. Nowadays, the solar cell production engineer usually relies on his experience and using a try-and-error process to set the process parameter when the process is out-of-control. This results in low machine utilization and high wastes in solar cells. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a systematic approach to find the optimal process parameter, and to mine the rules between the process parameter and the quality criteria. The objective of this research is to integrate two artificial intelligence tools to set the rule base of PECVD process of a solar cell process. First of all, construct each process parameters and quality criteria cluster by adaptive resonance theory network II (ART II). Secondly, according this result, variable precision rough set model(VPRSM) is applied to mine the rules between the process parameters and quality criteria. Then built a rules base and compare with decision tree Algorithm to test it validity. The accuracy of rule base of process parameters and quality criteria is higher than 95%.This result demonstrates that the proposed rules base system can be set in the process parameters and quality criteria for a solar process with the most efficient way.

Information characteristics of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) sound signals are analyzed and their descriptions for a quadcopter and monoplane are presented. The difference between signals of UAVs themselves and a noisy background becomes noticeable in the frequency domain. Research shows that signals energy spectra have a significant region of broadband noise and harmonic components with frequencies that are multiples of a rotational propellers speed. Even with averaging spectral estimates over ensemble of samples, harmonics are confidently observed. With the difference in modes of quadcopter engines the spectral maxima are divided into some portions, this can be one of the most important factors for UAV detection and classification systems. To provide their operation more close to a real time the fast algorithm is suggested. It includes the stage of forming primary recognition signs on the base of broadband sound signals spectra with harmonics and a specific noise. This description is compressed by the orthogonal transformation of its covariance matrix. Recognition of UAVs sound signals is according to the Dice similarity criteria in the compressed signal domain on using a small number of covariance matrix eigenvectors.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
地理研究所
91
This thesis study land cultivation process from Ch’ing dynasty to Japanese-Ruled Period in Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region, on the frontier of Kaoshiuang .In order to restructure the regional characteristics, we selected the power of Japanese-Ruled government in Taiwan and private Japanese corporations project to Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region as the research objects. The land cultivation before Japanese-Ruled in Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region, was a process of long-term interaction between Contonese(客家人) and plain aborigines, and that of construction of different life-style in both shores of Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream. Despite the fact that Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region had been developed for a long time , the high limitation of unstable natural environment and the characteristic of traditional self-subsistent economy, which compelled the phenomena as individual isolated settlement and scattered space. After 1895, the colonialists accelerated a new growth of development of land cultivation in the mid-stream region. Modern cane-sugar refinery , camphor and afforestation enterprises established in this area. Moreover, after private Japanese corporations invested in mid-stream region, they not only had changed the land-use of the hillside around this area , but had controlled the land operation and agricultural activities. A crowd relationship also change. Under the powerful control of new style land cultivation and enterprise , many landowners and gentry appeared. They became local leaders. Local leaders almost took charge of leaders of important social and economic organizations. The important social and economic organizations became the formation of space of jiezhuangmin, the space of jingchaguan , and the space of buluomin.With agriculture , market ,school ,traffic and police system developed, Nan-Zi-Sian river mid-stream region greatly was structured. Finally, this area had changed the frontier and established tightly contact to other regions.

The regional economic community (REC) of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) compri'ses 15 Southern African countries. The' economic and political aspects of regional integration in SADC dictate the pace of integration while the influence of a legal regime for regional integration remains at the periphery. While the SADC Treaty and its Protocol on Trade are clear about the priority of economic integration; the full implementation of SADC's economic integration is still yet to be realised using these legal instruments. Regional economic integration is also a priority at both continental and global level. The legal instruments applicable at these levels are those established through the African Union (AU) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) respectively. Analysis of these external legal instruments is relevant because SADC Member States are signatories to agreements establishing these organisations·. Thus, rules based trade in SADC should be understood from a regional, continental and global perspective where a community must have well-structured and managed relations between itself and other legal systems as a necessary condition for its effectiveness. These structured relations refers to a legal and institutional framework that defines the relations between community and national laws, spelling out the modalities for implementing community law in Member States, defines the respective competencies of the community and Member States and provide rule based systems for resolution of conflicts. In setting the scene for an in-depth discussion of the legal and institutional framework for regional economic integration in SADC, this study presents the history of SADC, its political and economic characteristics that have shaped the legal aspects of trade within the region, the continent of Africa and the world at large. Within this context, the definition of regional integration is presented from a general and international understanding but ultimately gets narrowed down to what it means for Africa and SADC. The discussion on the · theories behind regional economic integration gives understanding to the integration approach employed in the organisation. South Africa's economic and political leadership is critical in the realisation of economic integration; hence this study acknowledges that without South Africa's full commitment; regional economic integration will suffer .a setback. Besides the challenge of implementing rules based trade in SADC, this study also identifies a number of obstacles to SADC regional economic integration and multiple memberships are identified as a: major stumbling block. A comparative study of SADC's institutional framework with that of the E1;Jropean Union· (EU) is undertaken to establish the rationale behind SADC's choice of utilising the EU model of integration. This study establishes the critical role institutions play in the implementation of treaty obligations as established by the agreements. The main lesson from this comparative study is that the EU institutions are allowed to fulfill their obligations of implementing treaty provisions, while SADC institutions are handicapped. The future of SADC is presented within the context of a set of recommendations that identifies the tripartite free trade area (FTA) that includes the East Africa Community (EAC) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) as one of viable legal instrument for deeper integration in SADC and the continent of Africa. General recommendations are made on the need for reform of rules and principles that are necessary for the implementation of SADC Treaty regime as well as possible improvements that are important for the full realisation of regional economic integration.
PhD (Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

This thesis focuses on the design, statistical operating characteristics and interpretation of early phase oncology clinical trials. Anti-cancer drugs are generally highly toxic and it is imperative to deliver a dose to the patient that is low enough to be safe but high enough to produce a clinically meaningful response. Thus, a study of dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) and a determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a drug that can be used in later phase trials is the focus of most Phase I oncology trials. We first comprehensively compare the statistical operating characteristics of various early phase oncology designs, finding that all the designs examined select the MTD more accurately when there is a clear separation between the true DLT rate at the MTD and the rates at the dose levels immediately above and below. Among the rule-based designs studied, we found that the 3+3 design under-doses a large percentage of patients and is not accurate in selecting the MTD for all the cases considered. The 5+5 a design picks the MTD as accurately as the model based designs for the true DLT rates generated using the chosen log-logistic and linear dose-toxicity curves, but requires enrolling a larger number of patients. The model based designs examined, mTPI, TEQR, BOIN, CRM and EWOC designs, perform well on the whole, assign the maximum percentage of patients to the MTD, and pick the MTD fairly accurately. However, the limited sample size of these Phase I oncology trials makes it difficult to accurately predict the MTD. Hence, we next study the effect of sample size and cohort size on the accuracy of dose selection in early phase oncology designs, finding that an adequate sample size is crucial. We then propose some integrated Phase 1/2 oncology designs, namely the 20+20 accelerated titration design and extensions of the mTPI and TEQR designs, that consider both toxicity and efficacy in dose selection, utilizing a larger sample size. We demonstrate that these designs provide an improvement over the existing early phase designs.
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