Дисертації з теми "Changement au cours du temps"
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Zayani, Hayfa. "Estimations spatiale et temporelle des teneurs en carbone organique des sols agricoles par proxy- détection et télédétection satellitaire : Application à deux sites d’étude en Bretagne et en Tunisie centrale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARD104.
Повний текст джерелаProxy-detection and remote sensing sensors in different spectral ranges can contribute to regular quantification of soil organic carbon (OC) content. The aim of this thesis was to assess the ability of Vis-NIR spectroscopic proxy-detection data and/or optical and radar satellite data to predict the spatial distribution and/or temporal evolution of OC content in agricultural soils in two contrasting pedoclimatic contexts, in France and Tunisia. At the study site in Brittany (France), Vis-NIR spectroscopy allowed to identify the direction of variation in OC content over time, as soon as the range of temporal variation was > 2 g.kg-1. In the same study context, the radar signal from Sentinel-1 (S1) could be used to estimate volumetric soil moisture of soils using a linear model (R² = 0.47 - 0.72), with rather high errors (RMSE = 6.1 - 6.5%) but allowing mapping the broad soil moisture conditions within this agricultural landscape.The performance of OC content prediction models, based on Sentinel-2 (S2) images acquired on different dates, appears to be optimal when considering dates corresponding to intermediate (15-18%) to high (>25%) mean volumetric soil moisture content. The use of a time series of S2 data trained by machine-learning models on ground measurements, improved the accuracy of predictions both in Brittany and Tunisia. Furthermore, the coupling of remote sensing data with indices calculated from spectra obtained under laboratory conditions improved OC content prediction performance, particularly in situations where remote sensing time series are not widelyavailable
Ledauphin, Stéphanie. "Analyse statistique d'évaluations sensorielles au cours du temps." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139887.
Повний текст джерелаDepuis une vingtaine d'années, les courbes temps-intensité (TI) qui permettent de décrire l'évolution d'une sensation au cours de l'expérience sont de plus en plus populaires parmi les praticiens de l'analyse sensorielle. La difficulté majeure pour l'analyse des courbes TI provient d'un effet juge important qui se traduit par la présence d'une signature propre à chaque juge. Nous proposons une approche fonctionnelle basée sur les fonctions B-splines qui permet de réduire l'effet juge en utilisant une procédure d'alignement de courbes.
D'autres données sensorielles au cours du temps existent telles que le suivi de la dégradation organoleptique de produits alimentaires. Pour les étudier, nous proposons la modélisation par des chaînes de Markov cachées, de manière à pouvoir ensuite visualiser graphiquement la suivi de la dégradation.
Ledauphin, Stéphanie. "Analyse statistique d'évaluations sensorielles au cours du temps." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2007.
Повний текст джерелаSensory analysis of food products is most often based on scores given by panellists according to a list of descriptors that characterize the products. A statistical method for analyzing sensory profiling data obtained by means of fixed vocabulary is discussed. It consists in a procedure for weighted averaging the data sets associated with the assessors taking account of the extent to which these assessors agree with the general point of view. The method of analysis also provides an overall index of the performance of the panel and performance indices associated with the various assessors. In conventional sensory profiling, the evaluation focuses on an overall assessment and does not reflect the dynamic process of the sensory perception in the course of time. This is the reason why Time Intensity (TI) curves are becoming more and more popular notwithstanding the poor performance of the assessors and the tricky statistical issues these curves pose. In particular, a common feature of the TI curves is that each assessor tends to generate a characteristic shape, called 'subject signature'. The functional approach adopted herein is specifically based on the identification and the correction of the 'signature' effect of the assessors by adjusting the individual curves. The cornerstones of the method are the use of the projection upon a B-spline basis and alignment procedures. Other sensory analysis over time exist such as the study of the decay of organoleptic perception of the products. We propose to use Markov chains and Hidden Markov chains to model this decay and focus on the graphical comparison of the evolution of several products
Calvi, Richard. "Le "juste à temps" dans les approvisionnements : l'étude d'un changement interorganisationnel." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21024.
Повний текст джерела"Just in time" has been a fashionable expression in management literature and has been used by many manufacturing firms during the last ten years. Inside the firm, J. I. T. Is first defined as a philosophy that can be applied everywhere and above all as a collection of ad hoc techniques. When J. I. T. Is applied to a procurements, you can observe various results because for "J. I. T. Purchasing policies", unlike in the production field, there are no formal methods. To help the buyer implement these policies there are only some inductive approaches based on Japanese experience and which propose a single best way for which the transferability to the context of French firms poses a problem. Netherless, faced with this methodological gap the practitioner must decide. . . The first objective of this research was to recognise the different elements observed to complete our understanding of practices hidden under the general terms of "J. I. T. Purchasing" and "tense flow suppliers" but also to identify the types of action which provided the most ambitious results in the way of J. I. T. To reach this objective we defined J. I. T. Not in a static way to achieve a particular result but in a dynamic way as a factor to provoke changes in materials management inside and outside the firm. The data collected from professionel buyers enabled us to define their practices. The second objective was to adopt a deductive approach to define the most suitable buying behavior in a J. I. T. Purchasing relationship. So we developed a framework using relational theories and applying them to the context created by the development of J. I. T. Purchasing expectations
Turc, Ioan Emil. "Le changement radical et le temps : étude sur l'accélération des transitions organisationnelles." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32039.
Повний текст джерелаThe excessive duration of radical organizational change becomes more and more unacceptable to executives. However, organizational change research is more preoccupied with refining the implementation strategies for radical change, rather than seeking solutions to accelerate the process. This issue is addresses by the present research, whose aim is to answer the following question : what factors and processes accelerate radical organizational change ? Based on an exploratory research design of comparative, longitudinal and retrospective studies, this thesis unveils 10 main principles of acceleration. The explanatory theories developed there of highlight the roles of crisis perceptions and trust, commitment and conformity, activity planning and political management in the elaboration of effective acceleration techniques
Villani, Tiziana Paquot Thierry. "Corps, territoires et technologies essai sur le temps des transformations /." Créteil : Université de Paris -Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0223497.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаValiquette, Gilles P. "Le changement des comportements relatifs a l'étude au cours des années universitaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ31473.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLespinas, Franck. "Impacts du changement climatique sur l'hydrologie des fleuves côtiers en region Languedoc-Roussillon." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP1261.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributes to understanding the vulnerability of surface water resources of the region Languedoc-Roussillon address climate change. A detailed reconstruction hydroclimatic conditions was first performed over the period 1965-2004 considering the 6 mains rivers of the region. It has shown that the average annual temperature has risen approximately 1. 5°C, reflecting an increasing influence of systems of subtropical high pressure in the spring and summer. Precipitation did not reveal any significant trends, except for winter precipitation that decreased in the north-east of the study area. The average annual flows tended to decrease on all rivers in the region, but significantly only in the Pyrenean basins and downstream river Herault and Orb. The low flows have also become more severe for a large majority of hydrologic stations. The increase of evaporation seems to have played a major role in these evolutions. The simulations from climate models indicate that the temperature should continue to increase in the 21st century, especially in summer, while precipitations would likely decrease. The forcing of a hydrological model calibrated for each river from climate scenarios constructed by the end of the 21st century indicate a significant decline in flows during the period late spring - early autumn with a significant drying of the soil
Dumas, Marc. "Temps partiel et analyse du changement de l'implication organisationnelle : une application quasi-expérimentale." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010005.
Повний текст джерелаIn june 1992, at Rio de Janerio in Bresil, should take place the united nations world conference on environment and development. It was devoted on the urgency of the planet awareness on environmental problems. But beyond this struggle of protecting the planet is a big political, diplomatic, economic and social games at stakes. The francophones countries having been aware of this new games at stakes, took advantage of the world mobilisation to formulate a principle of cooperation in the domain of environment. This should have double objectives. For them it is a question of taking an active part in the international community leadership role in favour of environment all in assuring their political, economical and cultural interests. It is also a question of defining a common strategy to fight against environmental problems that are daily confronted with by francophone countries, the most urgent of which are deforestation, water, pollution, desertification and industrial pollution. In the last analysis, it is a question of offering a frame of life environmentally healthy for their population that are more and more becoming numerous, in creating the term of a durable development linking the objectives of ecological economics in francophone states
Chauvet, Fabrice. "Ordonnancement en temps réel dans les problèmes à en-cours limités." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Chauvet.Fabrice.SMZ9923.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChauvet, Fabrice Proth Jean-Marie. "ORDONNANCEMENT EN TEMPS REEL DANS LES PROBLEMES A EN-COURS LIMITES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Chauvet.Fabrice.SMZ9923.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEtchebarne, Michel. "Dynamique historique de la langue basque : variation dans l’espace et changement dans le temps." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040027.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the present study is to give some idea on the way the Basque language has changed over the last two millennia. For this purpose, the study provides a structured overview of present Basque diasystem. It then focuses on a cluster of verbs considered indicative of the evolution of the system. It presents the main achievements of the Basque diachronic studies and puts first change scenarios forward. It aims to understand how the Latin Romance diasystem has conditioned the evolution of the Basque diasystem. Finally, it offers an insight dealing with the example of the kinship terminology
Gomez, Marie-Léandre. "Dynamique de la construction de connaissances organisationnelles au cours de pratiques de planification." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100015.
Повний текст джерелаWhereas organizational knowledge has become a major concern for both researchers and pratitioners, the effects of managerial practices on knowledge construction remain to explore. This research aims to anlyze the nature of organizational knowledge construction and to investigate its dynamics during planning practices. Within a socio-constructivist perpective, knowledge is structured, used and re constructed through action in a social context, and organizational knowledge is knowledge relevant for organizational action. The state of the art orientates this research towards logic of discovery. The goal is to understand bad-known phenomena and to provoke the emergence of new theoretical elements. It is based on the principles of abduction. It elabores conjectures on the mechanisms of organizational knowledge construction and propôsitions about the effects of planning practices on knowledge construction. .
Grasset, Leslie. "Incidence de la démence : tendances évolutives au cours du temps et déterminants." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0661/document.
Повний текст джерелаConsequences of dementia are impacting not only patients, but also their family and even society; it has thus been highlighted as an important public health priority. Understanding temporal trends of this disease thus became a major research topic, critical for the future. This thesis aimed at investigating secular trends of dementia incidence as well as some of its components and consequences, trying tounderstand their determinants. In the first part of this work, we have brought further evidence toward a decreasing trend of dementia incidence, only found for women between the 90’s and the 2000’s in our study. Then, we have reported a global improvement of cognitive performance for younger elderly generations, potentially due to improvement early in life rather than to a slower decline across aging. Finally, we have evidenced a decrease in mortality without dementia and for demented women, as well as an increase of healthy life expectancy and survival with dementia. These results are in line with an improvement of health of older people during the last two decades, which is promising for the future.Further research to better understand these secular trends are yet needed ; it will help precise prevention strategies needed to reduce or delay dementia
Sacy, Michel. "Raisonnement causal: quelle place occupe la mise en évidence du changement ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29987/29987.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRoussel, Basile. "À la recherche du temps (et des modes) perdu(s) : une étude variationniste en temps réel du français acadien parlé dans le nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41410.
Повний текст джерелаQueyrel, Julien. "Assemblage des galaxies au cours du temps : évolution chimique des galaxies à 1." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1265/.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding mass assembly in galaxies along cosmic time is a key issue of galaxy formation and evolution. Today, many projects are intending to find the physical processes at the very origin of galaxy evolution, thanks to integral-field spectroscopy, which allows to get detailed insights into the physical properties of galaxies at different times of the Universe. Thanks to its emission lines, the interstellar medium can be studied quite easily. For now, studies have been able to deduce the kinematics of distant galaxies, et have eventually found large rotating disks already in place at high redshifts (z<3). In the context of the MASSIV project, whose PI is T. Contini, this thesis work is essentially dedicated to the study of the oxygen abundance of 1
Niyonsaba, Emmanuel. "Vieillissements pluriels : Expériences des "parents" âgés Sénégalais en cours de fragilisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH27.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is part of an analysis of the contemporary dynamics of aging in African societies, particularly in Senegal. It proposes to explore the experiences of elderly "parents" in the process of becoming fragile through the prism of solidarity in a context of social change, to grasp the relative ambivalences, on the one hand in their place within the family and social sphere, and on the other hand in the representations of aging. This research deconstructs first of all the representation of aging by showing that the elderly parents are not the "simple assisted", but actors within the family solidarity and that "their ageing" are plural, dynamic and rich of inventiveness. Then, from the qualitative surveys carried out in Senegal and in a complementary way with Senegalese migrants living in France (Le Havre), the research highlights the limits of family solidarities in the social accompaniment of elderly "parents" and calls for imagining of varied solutions to ageing people. Finally, the transformations in the family modalities of exercising of solidarities towards the elderly invite to a reversal of glance, if not dominant paradigm, in the way of thinking old age. This thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the multiple experiences of aging
Villani, Tiziana. "Corps, territoires et technologies : essai sur le temps des transformations." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002234970204611&vid=upec.
Повний текст джерелаBody and territory share a common and singular condition; that of becoming suspended between persistance of the past and solicitations from a present-future radically overrun by new technologies. In the present day and age the level of complexity and variation reached by the processes of transformation, engaged above all by new technologies, call for a change in paradigm. Altogether analogously to the government of bodies, the government of territory must also be explored like an environment, a plural and complex tissue crossed by relations that are infinite and changing. This is why the aim of the present project is to deal with only some of the crisis zones. The first chapter essentially refers to the metamorphosis of the urban in relation to the cybernetic revolution and to the new hierarchies engendered by the ongoing contradictory process of dematerialisation. The second chapter is mainly devoted to analysing the mythologeme of technique and the way it tends to modify the styles and practices of everyday life. The third chapter circumscribes analysis to what has been currently defined as new metropolitan fears which set the plan for existence and life in terms of the space of risk. Such risk determines a whole series of considerations connected with it: security systems, systems of assurance, organisation of new control devices. The last chapter brings these various issues together interpreting them in the light of the opposition between geophilosophy and geopolitics, between “other spaces” and the spaces of total control and homologation. To understand territory in its bodily expression enables one to identify central nodes that cannot abstract from the processes of subjectivazation forming the geography of territory and not just a catalogue
Adélaïde, Lucas Hector. "Méthode des élements finis espace-temps : adaptation du maillage en cours d'évolution avec contact." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20152.
Повний текст джерелаDuchesne, Denis. "Philosophie sociale, temps présent et sujet du changement - Une analyse critique de la pensée de Jürgen Habermas." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26271/26271.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAné, Thierry. "Changement de temps, processus subordonnés et volatilité stochastique : une approche financière sur des données à haute fréquence." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090027.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis is to validate mathematically the brilliant conjecture by Clark (1973) who chose the volume as the subordinating process t defining the economic time in which asset prices should be observed. Along the lines of the recent microstructure literature and using the tick by tick data, we show, in agreement with the recent empirical results by Jones, Kaul and Lipson (1994), that it is in fact the number of trades which defines the economic time. We prove that without any assumption on the distribution of the stochastic time t we recover normality for asset price returns when using the number of trades as the "stochastic clock". We extract from a tick by tick data base the empirical distribution of asset returns and use a parametric estimation procedure to compute the moments of the unknown distribution of the subordinator t. The moments of t coincide with the corresponding moments of the number of trades. Lastly, we explain how the issue of stochastic volatility can be embedded in the general framework of stochastic time changes and what it implies for option pricing and hedging. The effectiveness of implied versus historical volatility in forecasting the future volatility has recently been, with good reasons, the subject of scrutiny both among academics and practitioners. It is common practice to use implied volatility as the market's forecast of future volatility. S&P 500 options and futures prices are used to show that implied volatility is a poor forecast of the realized volatility. The use of subordinated processes can help to construct a good forecast of the realized volatility. Moreover, our time change as well as our volatility forecast highlights the role of the rate of information arrival proxied by the number of trades
Duchesne, J. Denis. "Philosophie sociale, temps présent et sujet du changement : une analyse critique de la pensée de Jürgen Habermas." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20900.
Повний текст джерелаDayon, Gildas. "Evolution du cycle hydrologique continental en France au cours des prochaines décennies." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30252/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe assessment of the impact of climate change often requires to set up long chains of modeling, from the model to estimate the future concentration of greenhouse gases to the impact model. Throughout the modeling chain, sources of uncertainty accumulate making the exploitation of results for the development of adaptation strategies difficult. It is proposed here to assess impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle over France and associated uncertainties. The contribution of each sources of uncertainty is not addressed, mainly that associated with greenhouse gases emission scenario, climate models and internal variability. In the context of impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle over France, it is possible to ask what is the contribution of each sources of uncertainty to the total uncertainty associated with mean changes. Is it possible to reduce, and if so how, the contribution of one source or another ? We propose in this work an approach to assess the transferability in the future climate of a statistical method to downscale climate simulations. The transferability assumption is one the main sources of uncertainty in statistical downscaling method. The assessment suggested here relies on the use of regional climate models, in a perfect model framework, and shows that some predictors are useful to ensure the transferability of the downscaling method in the future climate. This framework, proposed for a statistical downscaling method, is also applicable to bias correction methods in regional climate models. Recent atmospheric reanalyses of the 20th century are downscaled with the method developed in this work, associated with observations of temperature and precipitation. The hydrological cycle over France is characterized with these reconstructions. We show that the multi-decadal variability of observed streamflows during the 20th century is generalized to the whole country and is partly due to atmospheric variability. This multi-decadal variability of streamflows is generally weaker in hydrological simulations done with historical simulations from climate models. The climate projections have been downscaled with the method developed in this work. The temperature on the country, on average over climate models, could increased by 3,5°C in winter and 6,5°C in summer in the course of this century. Precipitations will decrease all over the country in summer, nearly by half on southern part of France for the most severe scenario. In winter, precipitations will increase in the northern part of the country and will decrease slightly in the southern part. In the next few decades, the decrease in precipitation is important in summer, and changes are less pronounced for other seasons. Results of hydrological projections done with one hydrological model and an ensemble of climate models are presented for the coming decades and for the end of the century. On the Seine river, results slightly differ in winter from those presented in previous studies. Here, precipitations and streamflow increase in winter and decrease in summer on that river basin. Elsewhere in France, results are consistent with previous studies, namely an increase in evapotranspiration, a decrease in streamflow and much drier soil. The uncertainty due to both climate models and internal variability on relative changes in streamflows always increase during the 21st century, to over 20% in winter for the most severe scenario. In the coming decades, the uncertainty due to internal variability only on streamflow changes is as strong as the uncertainty due to both climate models and internal variability. In the coming decades, annual streamflow changes of the Loire, Garonne and Rhône rivers are stronger than the maximum changes observed during the 20th century
David, Bogdan-Simion. "Les données climatiques instrumentales de Roumanie sont-elles susceptibles d'identifier un changement climatique ?" Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA5004.
Повний текст джерелаThierion, Charlotte. "Modélisation du fonctionnement de l'aquifère alluvial du fossé rhénan supérieur, vulnérabilité sous l'impact du changement climatique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667218.
Повний текст джерелаAdjali, Mohamed Hicham. "Etude d'une méthode de détermination de la conductivité thermique de matériaux au cours d'un changement de phase." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0017.
Повний текст джерелаThe capabilities of the thermal probe for determining the thermal conductivity have been studied in phase change materials. A numerical modeling in ID cylindrical coordinates has been performed in order to predict thermal behaviour of the probe-material system. Lt takes into account the important variation of specific heat. An enthalpy formulation suppres the need of calculating the solid-liquid interface position. Faisability and limits of the method have been obtained from simulations. Lt needs evaluation of sensitivity coefficients for all parameters. Calculated and noised thermograms have allowed to develop a modified Gauss minimisation method wich removes instability and divergence caused by linear dependence of sensivity coefficients. An experimental set up has been carried out and water-agar gel conductivity has been determined
Dazi-Héni, Fatiha. "La dîwâniyya : entre changement social et recompositions politiques au Koweit au cours de la décennie 1981-1992." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0010.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is based on a fieldwork realized between 1989-1992 in Kuwait. The purpose is to analyse social and political strategies of two concurential elites. The old merchant class constituted of proeminent sunni and shi'a families is stil l very influential in the social and political spheres. It's because this group has developped since the 18th century a very cohesive network of social relationships through diwaniyyas and mutual economical interests. The new elite from the socalled "nex middle class" emerged as a moder political and social actor since the mid-eighties. The rentier state and the ruling family's political will have both encourage emergence to break the political predominance of the old merchant class. Here we show that the new elite has developped its own strategies to reinterprate the social tradition and the local folklore through Diwaniyyas. The new young elite (30-45) years old try to integrate. Political modernism through the transformation and the new interpretation given to this traditional private space with is today a semi-public political forum. Finally, these two elites succeeded in expressing a modern political discourse in a tribalized ideology state
Lardaud-Clerc, Caroline. "Le changement de comportement du créancier en cours d'exécution du contrat. Étude de droit français et anglais." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30060.
Повний текст джерелаThe change of behaviour refers to a situation in which, during the performance stage of the contract, the promisor behaves in a manner which is contrary to the existing contractual rights, but later neverthless insists on their application. Faced with the classic rules of contract law (sanctity of contracts, consideration), this volte-face should have no legal force. Yet, by prohibiting the promisor’s demand to perform the original agreement, French and English judges nevertheless introduce this situation in the law of contracts.Like frustration, the change of behaviour disrupts the performance of the contract ; like good faith and Equity, it is based on morality ; like an abuse of right, it punishes inconsistency ; like the theory of « apparence », it is in between facts and law. In spite of this, the change of behaviour stands out ; as it does not share the exact same scope as the expectations theory or the inconsistent behaviour theory, no other legal theory can wholly translate it into the law of the contracts. The change of behaviour therefore needs its proper legal framework which must consequently be found. The search is helped by the prism of comparative law, between French and Englis laws.The change of behaviour reveals a waiver of the promisor’s debt. The waiver is made possible by the contractual prerogatives he holds, prerogatives which are justified by the ownership of the debt. The efficiency of this flexible understanding of contractual content requires the obliteration of any litigation shield. As a consequence, forbidding the change should not only be seen as a defense against inconsistency, but should highlight a legally binding behaviour
Bennis, Rachid. "Temps et changement dans le milieu rural marocain : cas d'une exploitation agricole familiale dans la région de Taounate." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN21003.
Повний текст джерелаVanneste, Sandrine. "Evolution des conduites temporelles au cours du vieillissement normal." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H066.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was aimed at characterizing changes occurring in temporal behaviors with aging. The framework of the set of studies is that of internal timer models. According to these models, an internal time basis produces pulses, which are accumulated in a specific mechanism and then, processed and stored. Performances of young adults (20-30 years-old) and elderly adults (60-80 years-old), obtained in a series of varied temporal situations which involve differentially the timer components, were compared in order to determine the weights of changes in these components in the evolution of time perception with aging. Results obtained in rhythmic tasks (spontaneous motor tempo, continuation of a learned tempo and synchronization to an external rate), which require motor production of short periodical intervals (less than a second) show that the rhythm of the internal time basis slows down but does not become more variable with aging. Therefore, the higher variability of asynchronies between hand taps and sounds observed for elderly in the synchronization task is better explained by a deficit of encoding processes for short durations. Performances of older adults are also impaired in tasks which require evaluation of duration in the range of several seconds to one minute. The deterioration of time estimation is particularly important when attentional and memory demands increase
Habaieb, Hamadi. "Contribution à l'étude critique des algorithmes de prévision de crue en temps réel : exemples de l'Aveyron et de la Medjerdah." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT015H.
Повний текст джерелаBunel, Matthieu Villeval Marie-Claire. "Evaluation micro-économique des stratégies des salariés et des firmes face aux expériences françaises de réduction du temps de travail." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/bunel_m.
Повний текст джерелаLa couv. porte : "Université Lumière Lyon 2 - CNRS, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique UMR n° 5824" Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
Bernède, Jean-Pierre. "Algorithmes adaptatifs et qualitatifs de prévision des crues en temps réel : application au cas de l'Aveyron." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT060H.
Повний текст джерелаKamal, Mathilde. "Le Conseil constitutionnel et le temps." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD001.
Повний текст джерелаUsually promoted as a “Time Master”, the Constitutional Council is in a more complexrelationship with temporality. As to the Council, Time is both a constraint and a resource. Timeis first a constraint because it ties the constitutional trial in very short delays, either that theCouncil rules a priori or a posteriori. Years passing by, the Council has nevertheless dealt withthe constraint, managing to rule “on time”, developing methods to tame the temporal constraint.On the other hand though, Time can be considered as a resource, expressing itself in theconstruction of an innovative jurisprudence that aims to frame the temporality of laws or in theupgrowth of a jurisprudence linked to the modulation of the time effects of its rulings. Thisstudy underlines such a polarized relationship between “Time-constraint” and “Time-resource”
Tunin-Ley, Alina. "Déterminisme de la biodiversité du genre Ceratium Schrank (dinoflagellé planctonique) en Méditerranée nord-occidentale à différentes échelles de temps." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066256.
Повний текст джерелаBOURGAREL, VINCENT. "Ho chi minh ville : le changement commercial dans le 1er arrondissement, reflet ou acceleration des mutations en cours ?" Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120072.
Повний текст джерелаStevignon, Anne. "Le temps qu’il fait et le droit des obligations : de l’influence du changement climatique sur l’appréhension des phénomènes météorologiques." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020071.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the confrontation of the weather and the law of obligations emerges a fruitful analysis at a time when the climate is increasingly at the heart of societal concerns. The understanding of the weather in the law of obligations has traditionally been applied to the past and the future: in the past, when a harmful weather phenomenon has occurred, it is a matter of providing a remedy when the phenomenon is considered abnormal; in the future, when the weather is mainly seen as a risk that must be contained in order not to endanger the contractual operation. Climate change is expected to influence the understanding of those two dimensions. First, the main remedies currently being applied to the harmful consequences of certain weather phenomena described as abnormal are likely to change, while climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions is changing the perception of the weather. This observation raises questions about the role that civil liability could play in the possible repair of damage attributed to climate change. Secondly, while the contract’s understanding of meteorological risks is undergoing a new upswing under the influence of climate change, the law of obligations is now confronted with the emergence of a new risk, that of aggravating climate change. Both the contract and civil liability are required to participate in the prevention of this risk
Servel, Laurence. "Pour un autre usage du temps : l'expérience modernisatrice de la RATP." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0016.
Повний текст джерелаThis study of the modernization policy of the RATP shows that an analysis of time is central to understanding the changes introduced by any plan or enterprise transformation the first part of the thesis describes the development of the RATP over the last fifteen years and situates it in terms of the context in wich it was conceived end carried out. It develops the interpretative tools necessary to understand this transformation as a socio- temporal phenomena, including a reanalysis of the process of the construction of the research data. The second part of the study presents three case histories which concretize these general observation (metro, bus, RER). It suggests that we are witnessing a change in time concepts : time is no longer perceived as retribution nor in terms of routine, nor does it preceed linearly toward the future. . The third part of the study proposes an in-depth look at the functioning of the three sectors of exploitation. It shows how they are perturbed by reforms without being able to recontitute a new unities. While social times have been altered, there is no corresponding change in daily organization except concerning management positions. Nonetheless, some creative innovations have been undertaken within existing time frames. In addition, the general moderzation has led agents to elaborate new time relations in relationship to the offer of identity. Four identity forms can be isolated (poachers, mobiles, crushed and bystanders) which are linked to the capacity to activly engaged in the present. The experience of the RATP reveals the extent to which any modernization requires reflexion and action in the area of temporality, both within the organization and in terms of the society which the public enterprise serves
ALVES, JAMES. "Lactatemie au cours de l'exercice musculaire : effets du temps, de la puissance et de l'echauffement prealable." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0214.
Повний текст джерелаHenri, Sylvain. "Effets d'une technique de gestion de comportement sur le temps de gestion d'un cours d'éducation physique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5015/1/000623574.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDicaire, Louise. "Les causes de la résistance au changement chez le personnel soignant, et leurs conséquences sur l'intégration d'un programme de formation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29311.
Повний текст джерелаSwingedouw, Didier. "ORIGINE ET IMPACT CLIMATIQUE D'UN CHANGEMENT DE CIRCULATION THERMOHALINE AU COURS DES PROCHAINS SIECLES DANS LE MODELE IPSL-CM4." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451249.
Повний текст джерелаSwingedouw, Didier. "Origine et impact climatique d'un changement de circulation thermohaline au cours des prochains siècles dans le modèle IPSL-CM4." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451249.
Повний текст джерелаThe thermohaline circulation (THC) strongly influences the climate of the North Atlantic. The warming caused by the release of anthropic CO2 risks to affect this oceanic circulation and then the climate. We point here to evaluate this risk thanks to the tri-dimensional ocean-atmosphere IPSL-CM4 coupled model. In a first part we have done a survey of the principal theories concerning the THC. We have then validated the pertinence of IPSL-CM4 to lead our study. We have then analysed some scenario simulations for next centuries showing a significant diminution of the THC in those simulations, which is strongly magnified if the melting of Greenland is taken in account. The analysis of several scenarios taking into account or not this glacier melting has permitted to isolate in an original manner the role played by THC feedbacks. Last, the effect of the THC on the climate has been quantified in IPSL-CM4. It appears to be more slight that the global warming, even locally on Europe
Colonna, François. "Les conséquences du changement climatique sur les ressources en eau et le peuplement piscicole des cours d’eau de Corse." Thesis, Corte, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CORT0012.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change is a global phenomenon for which numerous studies have been carried out on many compartments. On a European scale as well as on a Mediterranean scale and on the local scale of Corsica, the same consequences are observed and all the trends confirm the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We are experiencing a general increase in temperatures as well as an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. These changes apply strong constraints to the natural environment. Corsica's waterways and their associated organisms are also subject to them.Faced with this observation, the research work developed within the framework of this thesis attempts to provide additional knowledge on the consequences of climate change on Corsican rivers and the fish that populate these hydrosystems.A new climatic synthesis comparing the period 1960-1984 with the period 1985-2020 is proposed and shows in what proportion global warming is impacting the Corsican region and which areas are most affected by its consequences. The intensification of drought periods is discussedParticular attention is paid to freshwater fish species for which we have proposed a comparison of growth rates in the context of climate change.Finally, in applied research work, we propose a decision-support tool for managers of Corsican rivers to enable them to be alerted by a deviation from the proposed models. These models serve as reference values developed from the results of fish surveys carried out throughout Corsica since the late 80’s
Dietiker, Florence. "Passage." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010587.
Повний текст джерелаKassab, Randa. "Analyse des propriétés stationnaires et des propriétés émergentes dans les flux d'informations changeant au cours du temps." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402644.
Повний текст джерелаL'apport de ce travail de thèse réside principalement dans le développement d'un modèle d'apprentissage - nommé ILoNDF - fondé sur le principe de la détection de nouveauté. L'apprentissage de ce modèle est, contrairement à sa version de départ, guidé non seulement par la nouveauté qu'apporte une donnée d'entrée mais également par la donnée elle-même. De ce fait, le modèle ILoNDF peut acquérir constamment de nouvelles connaissances relatives aux fréquences d'occurrence des données et de leurs variables, ce qui le rend moins sensible au bruit. De plus, doté d'un fonctionnement en ligne sans répétition d'apprentissage, ce modèle répond aux exigences les plus fortes liées au traitement des flux de données.
Dans un premier temps, notre travail se focalise sur l'étude du comportement du modèle ILoNDF dans le cadre général de la classification à partir d'une seule classe en partant de l'exploitation des données fortement multidimensionnelles et bruitées. Ce type d'étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence les capacités d'apprentissage pures du modèle ILoNDF vis-à-vis de l'ensemble des méthodes proposées jusqu'à présent. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l'adaptation fine du modèle au cadre précis du filtrage d'informations. Notre objectif est de mettre en place une stratégie de filtrage orientée-utilisateur plutôt qu'orientée-système, et ceci notamment en suivant deux types de directions. La première direction concerne la modélisation utilisateur à l'aide du modèle ILoNDF. Cette modélisation fournit une nouvelle manière de regarder le profil utilisateur en termes de critères de spécificité, d'exhaustivité et de contradiction. Ceci permet, entre autres, d'optimiser le seuil de filtrage en tenant compte de l'importance que pourrait donner l'utilisateur à la précision et au rappel. La seconde direction, complémentaire de la première, concerne le raffinement des fonctionnalités du modèle ILoNDF en le dotant d'une capacité à s'adapter à la dérive du besoin de l'utilisateur au cours du temps. Enfin, nous nous attachons à la généralisation de notre travail antérieur au cas où les données arrivant en flux peuvent être réparties en classes multiples.
Lespez, Laurent. "Les temps de l'environnement et des paysages des systèmes fluviaux au cours de l'Holocène. Normandie, Grèce, Mali." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818525.
Повний текст джерелаGuibert, Sandrine. "La détention provisoire au cours de l'instruction préparatoire : le "temps perdu" à la recherche de la réforme." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10045.
Повний текст джерелаBATAILLE, FRANCOIS. "Controle en temps reel de temperatures au cours de traitements de surface par laser co#2 multikilowatt." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066017.
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