Статті в журналах: "Change trajectory"

1

Christensen, Deborah. "The Health Change Trajectory Model." Advances in Nursing Science 38, no. 1 (2015): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000061.

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Li, Yaohua, Dengwang Zhai, Jikang Fan, and Guoqing Dong. "Study on Lane-Change Replanning and Trajectory Tracking for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Model Predictive Control." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14090234.

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When an intelligent vehicle changes lanes, the state of other vehicles may change, which increases the risk of collision. Therefore, real-time local path replanning is needed at this time. Based on model predictive control (MPC), a lane-change trajectory replanning strategy was proposed, which was divided into a lane-change trajectory correction strategy, a lane-change switchback strategy and forward active collision avoidance strategy according to collision risk. Based on the collision risk function of the rectangular safety neighborhood, the objective functions were designed according to the specific requirements of different strategies. The vehicle lateral controller based on MPC and the vehicle longitudinal motion controller were established. The longitudinal velocity was taken as the joint point to establish the lateral and longitudinal integrated controller. The trajectory planning module, trajectory replanning module and trajectory tracking module were integrated in layers, and the three trajectory replanning strategies of lane-change trajectory correction, lane-change switchback and forward active collision avoidance were respectively simulated and verified. The simulation results showed the trajectory replanning strategy achieves collision avoidance under different scenarios and ensures the vehicle’s driving stability. The trajectory tracking layer achieves accurate tracking of the conventional lane-change trajectory and has good driving stability and comfort.

3

Chick, Nancy, and Katarina Mårtensson. "TLI's Trajectory of Tradition and Change." Teaching & Learning Inquiry 7, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.7.2.0.

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4

Liu, He, Yajie Zhang, Yanju Wei, Zhiqiang Mu, Yajing Yang, and Muhammad Shahid Farooq. "Characteristics and Mechanisms of the Zigzag and Spiral Movement of Rising Bubbles in Still Water." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2023): 6500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116500.

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When a bubble rises freely in still water, it often moves along a zigzag or spiral trajectory. In order to explore the mechanism of this movement, an experiment was conducted to record the changes in the movement trajectory and bubble shape. The results show that this movement can be explained by the swing of trailing vortices and the change in vorticity. There is asymmetric shedding of the trailing vortices. The change in bubble velocity caused by the shedding of the bubble trailing vortices will lead to an asymmetric change in the vorticity of the trailing vortices. Two factors lead to an asymmetric change in the drag force of the trailing vortices on both sides of the bubble, resulting in the zigzag trajectory. Only when the aspect ratio λ reaches 2.0 will the bubble move along the zigzag. The trailing vortices moving in two orthogonal directions will lead to a spiral trajectory. The movement of the trailing vortices not only changes the trajectory of the bubble but also changes its shape. The effect of the trailing vortices on the bubble can be equivalent to a low-pressure area around a bubble. When a bubble moves along a zigzag trajectory, the low-pressure area at the trailing of a bubble swings back and forth in a plane, and the bubble is flatter. When moving along a spiral trajectory, the low-pressure area rotates around the trailing of the bubble and becomes more spherical. Compared with a zigzag trajectory, a bubble has a higher velocity and lower frequency when moving along a spiral trajectory.

5

DA, CHAOJIU, TAI CHEN, BINGLU SHEN, and JIAN SONG. "Classification and characteristics of abrupt change based on the Lorenz equation." MAUSAM 74, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v74i4.3880.

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In this paper, preliminary theoretical research on abrupt change induced by the forcing term in a dynamical system is described. Taking the Lorenz equationtrajectoryasthe research object, the trajectory response to different pulse forcing terms is studied based on the stability theorem of differential equations and numerical methods. From the perspective of a dynamical system, abrupt changecan be classified as internal or external. The former reflectstrajectory self-adjustment inside the attractor, whereasthe latter represents the bizarre behaviorof the trajectoryin its deviation from the attractor. This classification helps in understanding the physical mechanisms of different manifestations of atmospheric abrupt change. For different intensities and durations of the pulse forcing term,which are simplified to the magnitude and width of a rectangular wave, respectively, the corresponding abrupt change is analyzed quantitatively. It is established that the larger the amplitude of the pulse forcing term, the greater the deviation of thetrajectory from the attractor and the more violent theabrupt change. Moreover, the greater the width of the pulse forcing term, the longer the duration over which the trajectory deviates from the attractor. Finally, two simple but meaningful linear relationships are obtained: one between the amplitude of the pulse forcing term and the distance of trajectory deviation from the attractor, and the other between the width of the pulse forcing term and the duration over which the trajectory dwells outside of the attractor. These relationships indicate that nonlinear systems have some linear properties.

6

Heaton, Tim, and Tom A. Hirschl. "The Trajectory Of Family Change In Nigeria." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 30, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.30.1.35.

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7

Sánchez, Sergio, Germinal Cocho, Jorge Flores, Carlos Gershenson, Gerardo Iñiguez, and Carlos Pineda. "Trajectory Stability in the Traveling Salesman Problem." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2826082.

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Two generalizations of the traveling salesman problem in which sites change their position in time are presented. The way the rank of different trajectory lengths changes in time is studied using the rank diversity. We analyze the statistical properties of rank distributions and rank dynamics and give evidence that the shortest and longest trajectories are more predictable and robust to change, that is, more stable.

8

Sekuler, Allison B., and Robert Sekuler. "Representational Development of Direction in Motion Perception: A Fragile Process." Perception 22, no. 8 (August 1993): 889–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220899.

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Response to a change in direction is more rapid if the target moves in a predictable direction before the change than if the pre-change direction is not predictable. However, if the target trajectory is viewed for approximately half a second before the change in direction, the effect of directional predictability disappears. Visual information gathered prior to change in direction is used to construct an increasingly more accurate representation of target trajectory. To study this process, we inject various temporal transients into the trajectory prior to the change in direction. We find that extraction of directional information is interrupted if: (i) motion continues along a constant trajectory, but the target disappears briefly behind an implicit or real occluder, (ii) the target pauses briefly, but remains visible, or (iii) the target changes speed briefly, while continuing to move in the same direction. The theoretical implications for motion perception are discussed. These implications include a framework for understanding interactions between stimulus-derived information and a priori information.

9

Sereika, Susan M., Yaguang Zheng, Lu Hu, and Lora E. Burke. "Modern Methods for Modeling Change in Obesity Research in Nursing." Western Journal of Nursing Research 39, no. 8 (April 24, 2017): 1028–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917697221.

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Persons receiving treatment for weight loss often demonstrate heterogeneity in lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes over time. Traditional repeated measures approaches focus on the estimation and testing of an average temporal pattern, ignoring the interindividual variability about the trajectory. An alternate person-centered approach, group-based trajectory modeling, can be used to identify distinct latent classes of individuals following similar trajectories of behavior or outcome change as a function of age or time and can be expanded to include time-invariant and time-dependent covariates and outcomes. Another latent class method, growth mixture modeling, builds on group-based trajectory modeling to investigate heterogeneity within the distinct trajectory classes. In this applied methodologic study, group-based trajectory modeling for analyzing changes in behaviors or outcomes is described and contrasted with growth mixture modeling. An illustration of group-based trajectory modeling is provided using calorie intake data from a single-group, single-center prospective study for weight loss in adults who are either overweight or obese.

10

Ario, Takahiro, and Ikuo Mizuuchi. "Planning the Shortest Carrying Trajectory Including Path and Attitude Change Considering Gripping Constraints." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, no. 3 (June 20, 2022): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0607.

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Carrying gripped objects at high speed can lead to gripping failure owing to loads applied to the gripper by its acceleration. When carrying an object at high speed, it is important to carry it with accelerations at which gripping is maintained. Previously proposed methods generated the shortest carrying trajectory for a predetermined trajectory path. In this study, focusing on the object-carrying trajectory and the hand attitude of the gripper, we propose a method to generate the shortest carrying trajectory by varying the state quantities. The proposed method considers the gripping force and the deformation of the gripper. During planning, we estimated the deformation volume of the gripper from its inputs and generated the shortest carrying trajectory with the allowable force and deformation values as constraints. Using the proposed method, we generated a trajectory capable of carrying objects in a shorter time (0.28 times) than in a straight-line trajectory and conducted experiments with a robot arm. The trajectory was generated while keeping the hand attitude unchanged. Through experiments, we have proved the effectiveness of keeping objects gripped on the generated shortest carrying trajectory. Compared with a success ratio of 0.47 in keeping objects gripped on the trajectory with the same time as the generated trajectory, the success ratio on the generated trajectory is as high as 1.0.

11

Wang, Junnian, Fei Teng, Jing Li, Liguo Zang, Tianxin Fan, Jiaxu Zhang, and Xingyu Wang. "Intelligent vehicle lane change trajectory control algorithm based on weight coefficient adaptive adjustment." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 3 (March 2021): 168781402110033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211003393.

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In order to improve the trajectory smoothness and the accuracy of lane change control, an adaptive control algorithm based on weight coefficient was proposed. According to lane change trajectory constraint conditions, the sixth-order polynomial lane change trajectory applied to intelligent vehicles was constructed. Based on the vehicle model and the model predictive control theory, the time-varying linear variable path vehicle predictive model was derived by combining soft constraint of the side slip angle. Combined with fuzzy control algorithm, the weight coefficient of the deviation of the lateral displacement was dynamically adjusted. Finally, the FMPC (model predictive controller based on fuzzy control) and MPC controller were compared and analyzed by co-simulation of CarSim and Simulink under different speeds. The simulation results show that the designed FMPC controller can track the lane change trajectory better, and the controller has better robustness when the vehicle changes lanes at different speeds.

12

Lipieta, Agnieszka. "The Optimal Producers’ Adjustment Trajectory." Przegląd Statystyczny 62, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1754.

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The trajectories illustrating the necessary changes in the production sphere, which are caused by the necessity or the wish of producers, who adjust their activities to the given requirements, are analyzed in the paper. The producers’ activities are modeled in the Debreu economy, while the requirements are given analytically, by using the linear functionals. If the producers change their plans of action due to the considered trajectories, equilibrium in the economy will be kept, although the initial state of equilibrium can be replaced by the other one. In the set of trajectories under study, the preference relation is defined. Under some assumptions, the maximal element of the above relation, so called the best producers’ adjustment trajectory, indicates the best path of changes in producers’ activities, under the criterion of losses minimization.

13

Luo, Yugong, Gang Yang, Mingchang Xu, Zhaobo Qin, and Keqiang Li. "Cooperative Lane-Change Maneuver for Multiple Automated Vehicles on a Highway." Automotive Innovation 2, no. 3 (September 2019): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-019-00073-1.

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Abstract With the development of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, it is possible to share information among multiple vehicles. However, the existing research on automated lane changes concentrates only on the single-vehicle lane change with self-detective information. Cooperative lane changes are still a new area with more complicated scenarios and can improve safety and lane-change efficiency. Therefore, a multi-vehicle cooperative automated lane-change maneuver based on V2V communication for scenarios of eight vehicles on three lanes was proposed. In these scenarios, same-direction and intersectant-direction cooperative lane changes were defined. The vehicle that made the cooperative decision obtained the information of surrounding vehicles that were used to cooperatively plan the trajectories, which was called cooperative trajectory planning. The cooperative safety spacing model was proposed to guarantee and improve the safety of all vehicles, and it essentially developed constraints for the trajectory-planning task. Trajectory planning was treated as an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing safety, comfort, and lane-change efficiency under the constraints of vehicle dynamics and the aforementioned safety spacing model. Trajectory tracking based on a model predictive control method was designed to minimize tracking errors and control increments. Finally, to verify the validity of the proposed maneuver, an integrated simulation platform combining MATLAB/Simulink with CarSim was established. Moreover, a hardware-in-the-loop test bench was performed for further verification. The results indicated that the proposed multi-vehicle cooperative automated lane-change maneuver can achieve lane changes of multiple vehicles and increase lane-change efficiency while guaranteeing safety and comfort.

14

Xinyu, ZHAO, WEN Xin, and DUAN Xiaomin. "Recognition Method for Testing Manipulator Trajectory Change-point." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 56, no. 18 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2020.18.015.

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15

HARA, Toshitsugu, Takahiro SASASE, and Takashi HIRAYAMA. "524 Trajectory and velocity change of fork-ball." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2001.7 (2001): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2001.7.413.

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16

Sankoff, Gillian. "Language change across the lifespan: Three trajectory types." Language 95, no. 2 (2019): 197–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2019.0029.

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17

Tomar, Ranjeet Singh, and Shekhar Verma. "Lane change trajectory prediction using artificial neural network." International Journal of Vehicle Safety 6, no. 3 (2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2013.055015.

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18

Walder, Andrew G. "The Party Elite and China's Trajectory of Change." China: An International Journal 02, no. 02 (September 2004): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219747204000111.

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19

Woo, Hanwool, Yonghoon Ji, Hitoshi Kono, Yusuke Tamura, Yasuhide Kuroda, Takashi Sugano, Yasunori Yamamoto, Atsushi Yamashita, and Hajime Asama. "Lane-Change Detection Based on Vehicle-Trajectory Prediction." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2, no. 2 (April 2017): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2017.2660543.

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20

Walder, Andrew G. (Andrew George). "The Party Elite and China's Trajectory of Change." China: An International Journal 2, no. 2 (2004): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chn.2004.0015.

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21

Uher, R., B. Muthén, D. Souery, O. Mors, J. Jaracz, A. Placentino, A. Petrovic, et al. "Trajectories of change in depression severity during treatment with antidepressants." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (October 29, 2009): 1367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991528.

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BackgroundResponse and remission defined by cut-off values on the last observed depression severity score are commonly used as outcome criteria in clinical trials, but ignore the time course of symptomatic change and may lead to inefficient analyses. We explore alternative categorization of outcome by naturally occurring trajectories of symptom change.MethodGrowth mixture models were applied to repeated measurements of depression severity in 807 participants with major depression treated for 12 weeks with escitalopram or nortriptyline in the part-randomized Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression study. Latent trajectory classes were validated as outcomes in drug efficacy comparison and pharmacogenetic analyses.ResultsThe final two-piece growth mixture model categorized participants into a majority (75%) following a gradual improvement trajectory and the remainder following a trajectory with rapid initial improvement. The rapid improvement trajectory was over-represented among nortriptyline-treated participants and showed an antidepressant-specific pattern of pharmacogenetic associations. In contrast, conventional response and remission favoured escitalopram and produced chance results in pharmacogenetic analyses. Controlling for drop-out reduced drug differences on response and remission but did not affect latent trajectory results.ConclusionsLatent trajectory mixture models capture heterogeneity in the development of clinical response after the initiation of antidepressants and provide an outcome that is distinct from traditional endpoint measures. It differentiates between antidepressants with different modes of action and is robust against bias due to differential discontinuation.

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Song, Hongchuan, Hao Zhan, Lu Xia, and Nan Zhang. "UAV's Precise Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Nonlinear Dynamic Inverse and Quaternions." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 4 (August 2020): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203840705.

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The precise tracking 3D trajectory that changes dramatically within the boundary of flight performance is the essential capability of the UAV applied to air combat, which requires that flight control law design be adapted to nonlinear characteristics of flight dynamics and solve the singularities problem during the flight. Continuous trajectory control on the basis of nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) is studied. The singularities problem is caused by continuous trajectory expressed by flight velocity and flight-path angles. A sudden change of flight-path axis system happens when aircraft flies along a continuous trajectory which results in singularities. A method for amending flight-path axis system is presented to solve the sudden change problem of flight-path axis system. Finally, the combination of the maneuver generator based on quaternions and amending flight-path axis system realize the precise trajectory tracking control without singularities and obtain excellent tracking characteristics.

23

Dubreil, Sébastien. "Identities, Borders, Change." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 3, no. 3 (July 2012): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jvple.2012070104.

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The purpose of this case study was to examine one learner’s (Keira) personal trajectory in an online, transnational telecollaborative learning environment, focusing on how she negotiated (1) her own sense of identity, (2) her perspective on French and American cultures, and (3) the possibility of a transcultural dialogue. The data (observations, journals, interviews) showed that early on, Keira’s expectations of the class shifted drastically. Consequently, she began to engage her own conception of self and being American through introspection and, ultimately, a redefinition of her own subjectivity. Keira progressively developed her own transcultural stance and reached a point where her sense of the conditions of possibility of culture learning and the transcultural encounter, buttressed by a much deeper and nuanced knowledge of both culture(s), led to a completely new understanding and repositioning of her posture in this encounter, which she called “an opportunity for liberation.” This study supports the effectiveness of technology-mediated learning communities (MLCs) in fostering transcultural learning seen as a developmental process, a dynamic trajectory.

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Briane, Vincent, Myriam Vimond, Cesar Augusto Valades-Cruz, Antoine Salomon, Christian Wunder, and Charles Kervrann. "A sequential algorithm to detect diffusion switching along intracellular particle trajectories." Bioinformatics 36, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz489.

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Abstract Motivation Recent advances in molecular biology and fluorescence microscopy imaging have made possible the inference of the dynamics of single molecules in living cells. Changes of dynamics can occur along a trajectory. Then, an issue is to estimate the temporal change-points that is the times at which a change of dynamics occurs. The number of points in the trajectory required to detect such changes will depend on both the magnitude and type of the motion changes. Here, the number of points per trajectory is of the order of 102, even if in practice dramatic motion changes can be detected with less points. Results We propose a non-parametric procedure based on test statistics computed on local windows along the trajectory to detect the change-points. This algorithm controls the number of false change-point detections in the case where the trajectory is fully Brownian. We also develop a strategy for aggregating the detections obtained with different window sizes so that the window size is no longer a parameter to optimize. A Monte Carlo study is proposed to demonstrate the performances of the method and also to compare the procedure to two competitive algorithms. At the end, we illustrate the efficacy of the method on real data in 2D and 3D, depicting the motion of mRNA complexes—called mRNA-binding proteins—in neuronal dendrites, Galectin-3 endocytosis and trafficking within the cell. Availability and implementation A user-friendly Matlab package containing examples and the code of the simulations used in the paper is available at http://serpico.rennes.inria.fr/doku.php? id=software:cpanalysis:index. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Akodéwou, Amah, Johan Oszwald, Slim Saïdi, Laurent Gazull, Sêmihinva Akpavi, Koffi Akpagana, and Valéry Gond. "Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics Analysis of the Togodo Protected Area and Its Surroundings in Southeastern Togo, West Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135439.

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Assessing land use and land cover (LULC) change is essential for the sustainable management of natural resources, biodiversity conservation, monitoring food security, and research related to climate change and ecology. With increasingly rapid changes in LULC in response to human population growth, a better assessment of land use changes is more necessary than ever. Although a multitude of LULC assessment methods exists, none alone provides a clear understanding of changes and their underlying factors. This study analysed historical LULC changes over a temporal extent of 42 years (1974–2016) in the Togodo Protected Area and its surroundings, in Togo, by associating intensity and trajectory analyses, that are complementary but rarely associated in the literature. Our results show that LULC change in our study site is linked to the combined effects of human activities, climate, and invasive plants, particularly Chromolaena odorata. While each type of analysis provides useful insights, neither intensity nor trajectory analysis alone provides a full picture of changes and their causes. This study highlights the usefulness of associating intensity and trajectory analyses when implementing any management policy.

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Ghariblu, Hashem, and Hossein B. Moghaddam. "Trajectory Planning of Autonomous Vehicle in Freeway Driving." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 22, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2021-0021.

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Abstract This paper describes trajectory planning for an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) in the freeway path. Three types of driving modes are analyzed. First was free flow, this constitutes that moving at the desired speed is determined at the beginning of the movement. Second case was car following, when overtaking or lane-change was impossible, distance or speed adaptation is executed using the variable acceleration/deceleration strategy. Third case was lane change or overtaking. For lane change or overtaking paths, the 5th degree polynomial is used to create a curvilinear path to changes its path to the left lane and then returns to its default lane. The velocity and relative distances of cars are main factors for decision making. All proper driving decisions algorithm is introduced. According to autonomous car desired velocity, in the two driving cases (fast and slow desired velocity for AV) are studied by simulation and their results analyzed and compared with together.

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You, Jaenam, and Sanghee Park. "The Longitudinal Effects of Integrated Preparation for Later life on Life Satisfaction of Baby Boomers." Korea Academy of Care Management 46 (March 30, 2023): 121–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22589/kaocm.2023.46.121.

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The purpose of this study was to longitudinally analyze how the baby boomer generation's integrated preparation for old age affects the change trajectory of life satisfaction. Data were collected from the 4th to 7th years of the National Old Age Security Panel Data and analyzed with the potential growth model analysis method. The research results were as follows. First, the life satisfaction of the baby boom generation, examined through the unconditional model, showed a non-linear trajectory of change, maintaining a slightly increasing pattern over time and then slightly decreasing. Second, the effects of economic preparation for old age, emotional and social preparation for old age, and physical preparation for old age, which were examined through the conditional model, on the change trajectory of life satisfaction showed different results. The baby boomer generation's economic preparation for old age did not affect changes in life satisfaction. On the other hand, the baby boom generation who prepares for old age emotionally and socially had high life satisfaction in their early years, and the high life satisfaction showed a trajectory of change that was maintained over time. The baby boom generation, who is physically preparing for old age, showed a trajectory of change in which life satisfaction increased rapidly as time passed, although life satisfaction at the beginning was insignificant. Based on the results, a proposal was made to promote volunteer activities and lifelong education, expand social networks, and policies and services related to health promotion and disease prevention.

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Ni, Qingjian, Wenqiang Peng, Yuntian Zhu, and Ruotian Ye. "A Novel Trajectory Feature-Boosting Network for Trajectory Prediction." Entropy 25, no. 7 (July 23, 2023): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25071100.

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Trajectory prediction is an essential task in many applications, including autonomous driving, robotics, and surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose a novel trajectory prediction network, called TFBNet (trajectory feature-boosting network), that utilizes trajectory feature boosting to enhance prediction accuracy. TFBNet operates by mapping the original trajectory data to a high-dimensional space, analyzing the change rules of the trajectory in this space, and finally aggregating the trajectory goals to generate the final trajectory. Our approach presents a new perspective on trajectory prediction. We evaluate TFBNet on five real-world datasets and compare it to state-of-the-art methods. Our results demonstrate that TFBNet achieves significant improvements in the ADE (average displacement error) and FDE (final displacement error) indicators, with increases of 46% and 52%, respectively. These results validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach and its potential to improve the performance of trajectory prediction models in various applications.

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Nakhmanson, G. S., and D. S. Akinshin. "Detection of the Trajectories of Moving Rectilinearly Air Targets in the Secondary Processing of Radar Information." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 22, no. 5 (December 4, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2019-22-5-61-70.

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Introduction. The primary functions of secondary processing of radar information are to detect and maintain the trajectories of air targets (AT). The AT trajectory detection can be characterised by the probability of detecting trajectory and average autocapture time. When the target moves, its distance from the radar station changes, leading to a change in the signal/noise ratio and the probability of detecting AT.Aim. To assess the impact of a change in the probability of detection of a straight and evenly moving target at consecutive time intervals of radar observation upon the characteristics of trajectory detection during secondary processing of radar information.Methods and materials. The research aim was achieved using the methods of mathematical statistics, including verification of statistical hypotheses, assessment of distribution parameters and theory of perturbations by small parameters. The ratio of the distance travelled by the AT during the review period to the target range at the initial moment of its detection was chosen as a perturbation parameter.Results. Analytical expressions were established for the probability of detecting a straight-moving AT and the probability of detecting the trajectory of its movement at interval multiples during the study period. The study illustrated the probability of detecting AT moving away from radar by means of consistent radar observations with reduced signal/noise ratios and angles between the velocity vector and the AT vector radius relative to the radar. The increase in AT speed which causes the z parameter to change from 0.01 to 0.07 reduces the probability of AT detection from 0.727 to 0.52 and leads to a corresponding change in the probability of detecting the trajectory. If the observation time is reduced by one time interval, the probability of detecting the trajectory is from 0.03 to 0.04…0.07 for signal/noise 40 ratio and from 0.06 to 0.08…0.11 for signal/noise 25 ratio (with the probability of false alarm 10–4 ).Conclusion. The resulting expressions allow for the calculation of directly moving AT trajectory detection, considering changes in the probability of detecting targets in successive time intervals of radar observations.

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Sazgar, Hadi, Shahram Azadi, and Reza Kazemi. "Trajectory planning and combined control design for critical high-speed lane change manoeuvres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 2-3 (April 29, 2019): 823–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019845253.

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The purpose of this research is to develop an advanced driver assistance system for the integrated longitudinal and lateral guidance of vehicles in critical high-speed lane change manoeuvres. The system consists of two parts: trajectory planning and combined control. At the first, by considering the TV position and the available range of longitudinal acceleration, several trajectories with different accelerations are generated. Then, by taking into account the vehicle and tyre dynamics, the most appropriate trajectory is selected. Therefore, the chosen trajectory is collision free and dynamically feasible. Because the trajectory planning is carried out algebraically, it has low computational cost. This is especially valuable in the experimental implementations. At the second part of the study, using a robust combined longitudinal-lateral controller, the control inputs are determined and transmitted to the brake/throttle and steering actuators. Both in the trajectory planning and combined control design, the nonlinear tyre dynamics and the dynamics of throttle and brake actuators are considered. To evaluate the performance of the proposed guidance algorithm, a full CarSim dynamic model is utilized. The simulation results for critical high-speed lane change manoeuvres confirm that the proposed trajectory planning method works effectively. The tracking error is also very small and the yaw stability is guaranteed.

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Wang, Chang, and Chu Qing Zheng. "Lane Change Trajectory Planning and Simulation for Intelligent Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2843.

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Aiming at the trajectory planning problem of intelligent vehicle during lane change process, 7 polynomials lane change model was used to control vehicle. Basic model of this model was established at first, and then lane change trajectories were solved by using restriction of movement state. At last, the commonly form of lane change trajectories were obtained. Using real road duration time of lane change, lane change trajectories were simulated with MATLAB. The results shows that this model was suitable for lane change trajectories planning in different speed and it can be used for intelligent vehicle controlling.

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Zhang, Senlin, Guohong Deng, Echuan Yang, and Jian Ou. "Optimal Vehicle Lane Change Trajectory Planning in Multi-Vehicle Traffic Environments." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 9662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199662.

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Autonomous driving technology in urban environments is a very important avenue of research. Notably, the question of how to plan safe lane-changing trajectories is a challenge in multi-vehicle traffic environments. In our research, three kinds of polynomial lane changing mathematical models were analyzed and compared. It was found that the fifth polynomial is the most suitable for lane changing trajectories; it is defined as a generalized lane-changing trajectory cluster, whereby the minimum lane change time is determined by the vehicle lateral stability threshold. Here, a collision avoidance algorithm is proposed to eliminate unsafe trajectories. Finally, the TOPSIS algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, and the optimal lane-changing expected trajectory is obtained from the safe trajectory cluster. The simulation results showed improvements in lane-changing efficiency of 6.67% and no collisions in the overtaking condition. In general, the proposed method of identifying the optimal lane changing trajectory can achieve safe, efficient and stable lane changing.

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Imes, Christopher C., Yaguang Zheng, Dara D. Mendez, Bonny J. Rockette-Wagner, Meghan K. Mattos, Rachel W. Goode, Susan M. Sereika, and Lora E. Burke. "Group-Based Trajectory Analysis of Physical Activity Change in a US Weight Loss Intervention." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0484.

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Background: The obesity epidemic is a global concern. Standard behavioral treatment including increased physical activity, reduced energy intake, and behavioral change counseling is an effective lifestyle intervention for weight loss. Purpose: To identify distinct step count patterns among weight loss intervention participants, examine weight loss differences by trajectory group, and examine baseline factors associated with trajectory group membership. Methods: Both groups received group-based standard behavioral treatment while the experimental group received up to 30 additional, one-on-one self-efficacy enhancement sessions. Data were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling, analysis of variance, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Participants (N = 120) were mostly female (81.8%) and white (73.6%) with a mean (SD) body mass index of 33.2 (3.8) kg/m2. Four step count trajectory groups were identified: active (>10,000 steps/day; 11.7%), somewhat active (7500–10,000 steps/day; 28.3%), low active (5000–7500 steps/day; 27.5%), and sedentary (<5000 steps/day; 32.5%). Percent weight loss at 12 months increased incrementally by trajectory group (5.1% [5.7%], 7.8% [6.9%], 8.0% [7.4%], and 13.63% [7.0%], respectively; P = .001). At baseline, lower body mass index and higher perceived health predicted membership in the better performing trajectory groups. Conclusions: Within a larger group of adults in a weight loss intervention, 4 distinct trajectory groups were identified and group membership was associated with differential weight loss.

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Deng, Huan, Jian Wang, Jun Yang, Ruofei Du, Zhenyang Hai, and Yunjing wang. "Study on automatic lane change trajectory control of intelligent vehicle on expressway." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2480, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2480/1/012003.

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Abstract Aiming at the dangerous working condition of the front car driving at low speed, a safety distance model using the vehicle braking process is proposed to determine the best time for intelligent vehicles to change lanes. Based on the fitting method of quintic polynomial, an automatic lane change fitting trajectory is constructed, and the LQR algorithm is used to achieve accurate tracking. Through the joint simulation and experiment of CarSim, PreScan, and MATLAB/Simulink, it is shown that the established lane change trajectory control model can determine the best time for intelligent vehicles to change lanes, plan safe and comfortable lane change trajectory, and achieve good tracking effect.

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Ied, Kaiss. "Investigating the Effect of Pilot Errors and its Probability to Change Trajectory Parameters During Maneuvers." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 11-SPECIAL ISSUE (November 29, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp11/20192926.

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Tedjopurnomo, David Alexander, Xiucheng Li, Zhifeng Bao, Gao Cong, Farhana Choudhury, and A. K. Qin. "Similar Trajectory Search with Spatio-Temporal Deep Representation Learning." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 12, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3466687.

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Similar trajectory search is a crucial task that facilitates many downstream spatial data analytic applications. Despite its importance, many of the current literature focus solely on the trajectory’s spatial similarity while neglecting the temporal information. Additionally, the few papers that use both the spatial and temporal features based their approach on a traditional point-to-point comparison. These methods model the importance of the spatial and temporal aspect of the data with only a single, pre-defined balancing factor for all trajectories, even though the relative spatial and temporal balance can change from trajectory to trajectory. In this article, we propose the first spatio-temporal, deep-representation-learning-based approach to similar trajectory search. Experiments show that utilizing both features offers significant improvements over existing point-to-point comparison and deep-representation-learning approach. We also show that our deep neural network approach is faster and performs more consistently compared to the point-to-point comparison approaches.

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Ahmed, Ishtiak, Alan Karr, Nagui M. Rouphail, Gyounghoon Chun, and Shams Tanvir. "Characterizing Lane Changes via Digitized Infrastructure and Low-Cost GPS." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841277.

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With the expected increase in the availability of trajectory-level information from connected and autonomous vehicles, issues of lane changing behavior that were difficult to assess with traditional freeway detection systems can now begin to be addressed. This study presents the development and application of a lane change detection algorithm that uses trajectory data from a low-cost GPS-equipped fleet, supplemented with digitized lane markings. The proposed algorithm minimizes the effect of GPS errors by constraining the temporal duration and lateral displacement of a lane change detected using preliminary lane positioning. The algorithm was applied to 637 naturalistic trajectories traversing a long weaving segment and validated through a series of controlled lane change experiments. Analysis of naturalistic trajectory data revealed that ramp-to-freeway trips had the highest number of discretionary lane changes in excess of 1 lane change/vehicle. Overall, excessive lane change rates were highest between the two middle freeway lanes at 0.86 lane changes/vehicle. These results indicate that extreme lane changing behavior may significantly contribute to the peak-hour congestion at the site. The average lateral speed during lane change was 2.7 fps, consistent with the literature, with several freeway–freeway and ramp–ramp trajectories showing speeds up to 7.7 fps. All ramp-to-freeway vehicles executed their first mandatory lane change within 62.5% of the total weaving length, although other weaving lane changes were spread over the entire segment. These findings can be useful for implementing strategies to lessen abrupt and excessive lane changes through better lane pre-positioning.

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Yang, Tengfei, Bo Zhao, Xuelai Guan, and Dongmei Pei. "White cell count trajectory and type 2 diabetes in health management population: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e057966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057966.

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ObjectiveThe purposes of current research were to investigate the time-dependent dynamic alteration of white cell count (WCC) in health management populations and to analyse its association with the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).DesignRetrospective cohort research.SettingShengjing Hospital of China Medical University in China’s Shenyang.ParticipantsThe number of non-diabetic subjects (median age: 40 years) totaled 7924 in the present work.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAssessment and grouping of changes in WCC between 2016 and 2019 were accomplished through group-based trajectory modelling. Newly diagnosed incidence associated with T2DM was estimated based on varying trajectories of WCC by the Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical differences in the incidences of new-onset T2DM among various WCC trajectory groups were examined through log-rank test. The influence of WCC trajectory alterations on the new-onset T2DM was evaluated with a multiparameter Cox (proportional-hazards) model.ResultsDuring a 3-year (2016–2019) period, the T2DM development was noted in 3.14% (249) of the subjects. The trajectory model of WCC change was divided into four groups. For participants with low stability (trajectory 1), medium stability (trajectory 2), medium stability (trajectory 3) and high stability (trajectory 4), the incidence of T2DM was separately 2.2%, 2.62%, 4.82% and 7.4%, respectively. After adjusting for the underlying confounders, new-onset T2DM HRs (95% CIs) for trajectories 3 and 4 were separately 1.94 (1.32 to 2.83) and 3.08 (1.82 to 5.21) compared with the trajectory 1, implying that the T2DM risks were statistically significantly high.ConclusionThe 3-year T2DM incidence was impacted independently by the WCC trajectory fluctuations. The grouping trajectory can reflect the dynamic change of WCC over time, which is more representative than the measured WCC at a single time point.

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Lei, Fang, Eunice Lee, and Ying Zheng. "Trajectory of smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrant smokers." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): e0246280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246280.

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Background The incidence and mortality rates of smoking-associated lung cancer are high among Chinese immigrant smokers. Coming from a country with different smoking policies, culture, and economic background than the U.S., Chinese smokers may change their smoking behaviors after immigrating to the U.S. Objectives This study aims to explore the trajectory of smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrant smokers migrating to the U.S. Methods This qualitative study was guided by the Grounded theory. Semi-structured intensive individual interviews were conducted among 10 eligible participants. A purposive theoretical sampling method was used to recruit participants through a website. Individual interviews were conducted online, via telephone, or in-person in Mandarin. Data were transcribed verbatim in Mandarin, translated into English, and triangulated with follow-up interviews and dialogues among authors to enhance trustworthiness and consistency of the study. Process coding and content analysis were used to analyze data. Results A total of 10 participants, 7 males and 3 females, were interviewed. Results showed the trajectory of smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrant smokers went through three phases: 1) Beginning to smoke, which included learning to smoke from others, trying to smoke and learning to smoke, and hiding their smoking behaviors from others; 2) maintaining smoking, which included setting boundary around smoking, smoking as a facilitator or barrier to social interaction, feeling pressures related to smoking behavior, and making others happy: Collective smoking and controlling smoking desire; and 3) changing smoking behaviors, which included experiencing life events that were triggers to changing smoking behavior, boredom as a reason for relapses, personal will as a key to quitting smoking, and quitting smoking for a loved one. Although some differences existed between male and female Chinese immigrant smokers’ smoking behaviors, their trajectories of smoking behavior change were generally similar. Discussion Findings from this study can help health care providers to extend their understanding toward smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrant smokers across different socio-cultural contexts.

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Zhang, Y. H., and H. P. Liu. "TRAJECTORY-BASED ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND-COVER CHANGE DETECTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 21, 2016): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-607-2016.

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China have occurred unprecedented urban growth over the last two decades. It is reported that the level of China’s urbanization increased from 18 % in 1978 to 41 % in 2003, and this figure may exceed 65 % by 2050. The change detection of long time serious remote sensing images is the effective way to acquire the data of urban land-cover change to understand the pattern of urbanization. In this paper, we proposed the similarity index (SI) and apply it in long time series urban land-cover change detection. First of all, we built possible change trajectories in four times based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) that extracted from time series Landsat images. Secondly, we applied SI in similarity comparison between the observed change trajectory and the possible trajectories. Lastly, verifying the accuracy of the results. The overall accuracy in four periods is 85.7 % and the overall accuracy of each two years is about 90 % and kappa statistic is about 0.85. The results show that this method is effective for time series land-cover change detection.

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Oswald, Marietjie, and Mariechen Perold. "A teacher’s identity trajectory within a context of change." South African Journal of Education 35, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/201503070012.

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Silva, Eliezer, Nelson Akamine, Reinaldo Salomao, Sean Townsend, Richard Dellinger, and Mitchell Levy. "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: A Project to Change Sepsis Trajectory." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187153006777442378.

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43

Zhang, Y. H., and H. P. Liu. "TRAJECTORY-BASED ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND-COVER CHANGE DETECTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 21, 2016): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-607-2016.

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China have occurred unprecedented urban growth over the last two decades. It is reported that the level of China’s urbanization increased from 18 % in 1978 to 41 % in 2003, and this figure may exceed 65 % by 2050. The change detection of long time serious remote sensing images is the effective way to acquire the data of urban land-cover change to understand the pattern of urbanization. In this paper, we proposed the similarity index (SI) and apply it in long time series urban land-cover change detection. First of all, we built possible change trajectories in four times based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) that extracted from time series Landsat images. Secondly, we applied SI in similarity comparison between the observed change trajectory and the possible trajectories. Lastly, verifying the accuracy of the results. The overall accuracy in four periods is 85.7 % and the overall accuracy of each two years is about 90 % and kappa statistic is about 0.85. The results show that this method is effective for time series land-cover change detection.

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Divenyi, Pierre L. "Vowel identity change: Trajectory length, transition velocity, or effort?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 5 (May 2001): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4744395.

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Zhou, Bin, Yunpeng Wang, Guizhen Yu, and Xinkai Wu. "A lane-change trajectory model from drivers’ vision view." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 85 (December 2017): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2017.10.013.

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46

Jackson, Gregory, and Arndt Sorge. "The trajectory of institutional change in Germany, 1979–2009." Journal of European Public Policy 19, no. 8 (October 2012): 1146–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2012.709009.

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Morrison, Kenneth. "Change, Continuity and Crisis. Montenegro’s Political Trajectory (1988-2016)." Südosteuropa 66, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0014.

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Abstract Montenegro has passed through more than two decades of flux to reach its current status as a NATO member and European Union (EU) candidate. The smallest republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Montenegro’s modern history has been characterised by both significant change (in statehood) and relative continuity (in leadership). The author focuses on the period between the republic’s first multiparty elections in 1990, through the 1997 split within the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) and the May 2006 independence referendum to the parliamentary elections of 2016 and the country’s ongoing political crisis, assessing the most significant political developments throughout the aforementioned period.

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Kawato, Mitsuo, Yoshiharu Maeda, Yoji Uno, and Ryoji Suzuki. "Neural network model which generates minimum torque-change trajectory." Neuroscience Research Supplements 15 (January 1990): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(90)90192-6.

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Kawato, Mitsuo, Yoshiharu Maeda, Yoji Uno, and Ryoji Suzuki. "Neural network model which generates minimum torque-change trajectory." Neuroscience Research Supplements 11 (January 1990): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(90)90615-a.

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Erdelić, Martina, Tonči Carić, Tomislav Erdelić, and Leo Tišljarić. "Transition State Matrices Approach for Trajectory Segmentation Based on Transport Mode Change Criteria." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052756.

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Identifying distribution of users’ mobility is an essential part of transport planning and traffic demand estimation. With the increase in the usage of mobile devices, they have become a valuable source of traffic mobility data. Raw data contain only specific traffic information, such as position. To extract additional information such as transport mode, collected data need to be further processed. Trajectory needs to be divided into several meaningful consecutive segments according to some criteria to determine transport mode change point. Existing algorithms for trajectory segmentation based on the transport mode change most often use predefined knowledge-based rules to create trajectory segments, i.e., rules based on defined maximum pedestrian speed or the detection of pedestrian segment between two consecutive transport modes. This paper aims to develop a method that segments trajectory based on the transport mode change in real time without preassumed rules. Instead of rules, transition patterns are detected during the transition from one transport mode to another. Transition State Matrices (TSM) were used to automatically detect the transport mode change point in the trajectory. The developed method is based on the sensor data collected from mobile devices. After testing and validating the method, an overall accuracy of 98% and 96%, respectively, was achieved. As higher accuracy of trajectory segmentation means better and more homogeneous data, applying this method during the data collection adds additional value to the data.

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