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1

Faingold, Eduardo D. "Language rights in the United States island territory of Guam." Language Problems and Language Planning 42, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00015.fai.

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Abstract This article examines the language legislation of the United States territory of Guam as stated in the Organic Act of Guam (1950) and its legal statutes. The article seeks to offer suggestions about how the quality of this language legislation might be improved. As in a few states in the United States (i.e., Hawaii, Louisiana, and New Mexico), Guam established linguistic laws with provisions that protect the language rights of Chamorro speakers, the native population of Guam, especially in the areas of education and language standardization. In spite of the impressive array of language laws enacted by Guam’s legislature to teach Chamorro language and culture in the schools for more than half a century, the use of English is increasing, while that of Chamorro continues to shrink in Guam, which may be due to a lack of buy-in by the indigenous Chamorro population with respect to the importance of expanding the use of this language for the purpose of maintaining a modern-day Chamorro identity.
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2

DUKES, MICHAEL. "Agreement in Chamorro." Journal of Linguistics 36, no. 3 (November 2000): 575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700008392.

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Sandra Chung, The design of agreement: evidence from Chamorro. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Pp. xii + 423.Sandra Chung's leading contribution to the development of generative analyses of the morphosyntax of Austronesian languages is widely known. This book is the culmination of some two decades of research on Chamorro and is also, as the title suggests, an attempt to embed that body of research within a particular theory of agreement – one which has an explicitly syntactic flavour and which emphasizes the separation of morphology and syntax. Quite apart from the treatment of agreement itself, Chung also discusses a host of fascinating issues surrounding the analysis of Chamorro that have important ramifications for the analysis of languages that are typologically and genetically related to it, including the issue of configurationality and the nature of VSO word order. Additionally, there is extensive discussion of the treatment of wh-movement and the relationship of the Chamorro phenomenon of Wh-Agreement to the constraints on extraction observed in numerous other Austronesian languages and elsewhere. This book, along with the research program it represents, is an important addition to the literature on the less well-studied languages of the world and is obligatory reading for any syntactician with an interest in the cross-linguistic viability of syntactic theory.
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3

Pagel, Steve. "Beyond the Category." Journal of Language Contact 8, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 146–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00801007.

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This article draws attention to three general problems in existing theories and models of contact-induced language change: the problem of autonomous types of change, that of autonomous contact languages, and that of the metaphors used in contact linguistic terminology. Parting from a discussion of these problems and two case studies of contact varieties that heavily challenge existing models of contact-induced change (Chamorro and Zamboangueño-Chabacano), I provide a new and comprehensive model based on the conception of contact-induced change as a continuous space, in which interrelated and interconnected parameters dominate over autonomous types. This model is embedded in an ecological conception of language and language contact, as expressed in Ludwig, Mühlhäusler and Pagel (in press). The relevance of the early years of contact, as seen from the perspective of the presented model, is addressed in the last section and offers one possible prospect to future discussion and research.
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4

Scancarelli, Janine. "Referential Strategies in Chamorro Narratives." Studies in Language 9, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 335–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.9.3.03sca.

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5

Stolz, Thomas. "The naked truth about the Chamorro dual." Studies in Language 43, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 533–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.17063.sto.

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Abstract It is argued that the traditional belief that the formal expression of the dual in Chamorro is restricted to intransitivity / low transitivity is inadequate since it precludes the possibility of accounting constructions in which the dual is also expressed in combination with transitive verbs. In the empirical part of the study, evidence of the recurrent violations of the intransitivity-based restrictions is discussed. It is shown that the dual is not excluded from transitive predicates. The dual is also firmly established in the realm of transitivity albeit only in the third person. In addition, the dual also exists in areas of Chamorro grammar for which it has hitherto been ignored. The hypothesis is put forward that the dual in the domain of transitivity is a diachronic innovation. The Chamorro facts are compared to those of Numic languages in North America.
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6

Chung, Sandra. "Syntactic Identity in Sluicing: How Much and Why." Linguistic Inquiry 44, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00118.

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Research on sluicing has not yet reached consensus on whether the identity condition on this ellipsis construction is syntactic or semantic. Evidence from Chamorro and English is presented that over and above semantic identity, sluicing requires limited syntactic identity. The limited syntactic identity condition involves argument structure on the one hand and abstract Case on the other. This approach is shown to account for a range of novel and familiar sluicing patterns in the two languages. It also provides new evidence for the idea that the Chamorro antipassive is an implicit argument construction.
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7

Chung, Sandra. "VP's and verb movement in Chamorro." Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8, no. 4 (November 1990): 559–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00133693.

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8

Il’ina, Svetlana S., and Yuliya V. Bekisheva. "Terms of Address in Guam (Chamorro) Variety of the English Language as a Means to Express Guamanians’ National Identity." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 17, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2019-17-2-140-156.

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The article is part of the authors big research on the forms of address in Asian varieties of the English language, which will finally be reflected in the Dictionary of the Forms of Address in World Englishes: Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Guam. Effective and successful communication largely depends on the forms of address used by the speakers. Being social phenomena, forms of address can vary from culture to culture following the traditions and etiquette rules of this culture. The questionnaires on the forms of address filled in by Guamanians; two dictionaries on Chamorro English; local newspapers analyses; and personal observations of the authors turned out a solid proof of the hypothesis that even though speaking English as a second language, Guamanians make English their local variety, with forms of address typical to Guam variety of the English language. Quantitative, descriptive, and observation methods were used to analyze the forms of address in Chamorro variety of the English language, and classification of the forms of address used by the native people of Guam was formed and presented in the article.
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9

Winkler, Pierre. "The Chamorro Verb according to Diego Luis de Sanvitores (1627–1672)." Historiographia Linguistica 42, no. 2-3 (December 31, 2015): 261–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.2-3.03win.

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Summary In 1668, enroute from Mexico to the Mariana islands, Father Diego Luis de Sanvitores, S.J. (1627–1672) wrote a description of Chamorro, assisted by a Filipino who had lived on the islands for 17 years. This ‘grammar’ has never been studied, primarily because it was written in Latin in a complicated style and because it has received unjustified criticism for applying Latin case names to a language without case. However, a thorough analysis of this treatise is of great historical interest, for several reasons. In the paper the author, after offering a sketch of the origin of Sanvitores’ mission and some details about the manuscript, places the text in its historical context and discusses its reception. After a description of the general structure the focus is on the main part of the grammar, the section treating the verb. It is shown that Sanvitores has, overall, an accurate understanding of the Chamorro verb, including its tense-less structure, the central role of the root, the pragmatic effect of affixes, and antipassive and ergative constructions. Sanvitores also takes a clear stand with regard to the current debate about word classes in Chamorro. The analysis demonstrates that Sanvitores did not stick to Nebrija’s grammatical template, but rather tapped concepts and terminology from contemporary sources known as the Grammaticae Proverbiandi. Furthermore, the article attends to changes in forms and meanings of Chamorro words and closely analyzes Sanvitores’ dissection of the roots and affixes for clues to help us understand the language’s complex system of affixation, which even today is still not fully understood.
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10

Chung, Sandra, and William A. Ladusaw. "Chamorro evidence for compositional asymmetry." Natural Language Semantics 14, no. 4 (April 19, 2007): 325–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-007-9007-x.

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11

UNDERWOOD, ROBERT. "English and Chamorro on Guam." World Englishes 8, no. 1 (March 1989): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.1989.tb00436.x.

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12

Travis, Lisa deMena. "Eight Possible Paper Topics on Chamorro and Related Languages." Oceanic Linguistics 39, no. 1 (2000): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ol.2000.0010.

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13

Payne, Thomas E., and Anne Cooreman. "Transitivity and Discourse Continuity in Chamorro Narratives." Language 66, no. 3 (September 1990): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414639.

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14

Chung, Sandra. "Restructuring and verb-initial order in chamorro." Syntax 7, no. 3 (December 2004): 199–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1368-0005.2004.00070.x.

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15

Steele, Susan, and Sandra Chung. "The Design of Agreement: Evidence from Chamorro." Language 76, no. 2 (June 2000): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417673.

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16

Kaplan, Aaron. "Harmonic Improvement without Candidate Chains in Chamorro." Linguistic Inquiry 42, no. 4 (October 2011): 631–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00063.

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This article argues that some ostensible advantages of Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (OT-CC) over classic OT are actually liabilities. OT-CC correctly predicts that Chamorro umlaut occurs only when trigger and target are adjacent. But OT-CC is incompatible with similar phenomena like Central Venetan metaphony, and attempts to modify OT-CC to produce metaphony impair the theory's handling of umlaut. Classic OT provides a superior approach: constraints grounded in prominence asymmetries produce the umlaut facts, and there is no conflict with analyses of metaphony. This result suggests that despite OT-CC's advancements in treatments of opacity, the theory's machinery remains inadequate in important ways.
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17

Chung, Sandra. "The Syntax and Prosody of Weak Pronouns in Chamorro." Linguistic Inquiry 34, no. 4 (October 2003): 547–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438903322520151.

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In the modular linguistic theory assumed by many generative linguists, phonology and syntax are interconnected but fundamentally independent components of grammar. The effects of syntax on phonology are mediated by prosodic structure, a representation of prosodic constituents calculated from syntactic structure but not isomorphic to it. Within this overall architecture, I investigate the placement of weak pronouns in the Austronesian language Chamorro. Certain Chamorro pronominals can be realized as prosodically deficient weak pronouns that typically occur right after the predicate. I showthat these pronouns are second-position clitics whose placement is determined not syntactically, but prosodically: they occur after the leftmost phonological phrase of their intonational phrase. My analysis of these clitics assumes that lexical insertion is late and can affect and be affected by prosodic phrase formation-assumptions consistent with the view that the mutual interaction of phonology and syntax is confined to the postsyntactic operations that translate syntactic structure into prosodic structure.
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18

Travis, Lisa, and Sandra Chung. "Review Article: Eight Possible Paper Topics on Chamorro and Related Languages." Oceanic Linguistics 39, no. 1 (June 2000): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623222.

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19

Sánchez Zapatero, Javier. "La narrativa policiaca de Lorenzo Silva: la serie «Bevilacqua y Chamorro»." Bulletin hispanique, no. 117-1 (June 1, 2015): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/bulletinhispanique.3919.

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20

Klein, Thomas B. "Infixation and segmental constraint effects: UM and IN in Tagalog, Chamorro, and Toba Batak." Lingua 115, no. 7 (July 2005): 959–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2003.12.002.

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21

Wolff, John U. "Steven Roger Fischer (ed.), Oceanic Voices – European Quills: The early documents on and in Chamorro and Rapanui." Historiographia Linguistica 41, no. 1 (June 10, 2014): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.1.12wol.

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22

Ausensi, Josep, and Alessandro Bigolin. "Resultatives and low depictives in English." Linguistic Review 38, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 573–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2021-2076.

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Abstract We argue against a purely semantic account of the Unique Path Constraint (Goldberg, Adele. 1991. It can’t go down the chimney up: Paths and the English resultative. In Proceedings of the seventeenth annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 368–378.), i.e., the constraint that there can only be one result state in a single clause, and in favor of a syntactic restriction regarding event structure. We propose, following Mateu, Jaume & Víctor Acedo-Matellán. 2012. The manner/result complementarity revisited: A syntactic approach. In M. Cristina Cuervo & Yves Roberge (eds.), The end of argument structure? Syntax and semantics, 209–228. New York: Academic Press, that structurally there can only be one result predicate per clause since the little v head selects for one result predicate as its complement. In order to make our claim, we provide novel data that violate the Unique Path Constraint defined as a semantic constraint. Further, we analyze examples that at first blush pose a problem for the present account as they appear to involve two result phrases, e.g., shot him dead off the horse. We argue, however, that the second result phrase is not syntactically a result, but rather constitutes a case of what Acedo-Matellán, Víctor, Josep Ausensi, Josep Maria Fontana & Cristina Real-Puigdollers. forthcoming. Old Spanish resultatives as low depictives. In Chad L. Howe, Timothy Gupton, Margaret Renwick & Pilar Chamorro (eds.), Open romance linguistics 1. Selected papers from the 49th linguistic symposium on romance languages. Berlin: Language Science Press have called low depictives, which join the syntactic derivation through a low applicative head.
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23

Delgado, Francisco. "Remade: Sovereign: Decolonizing Guam in the age of environmental anxiety." Memory Studies, December 16, 2019, 175069801989469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698019894690.

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Linking Cultural Memory Studies, Indigenous Studies, as well as the growing field of Environmental Humanities, my article casts decolonization efforts in Guam not only as a process steeped in history, politics, and economics, but also as a necessary means to address environmental precarity. I use Craig Santos Perez’s poetry to highlight the multifaceted scope of decolonization: namely, that it entails the use of the Indigenous Chamorro language, the decolonizing of the imaginations of Chamorro people, who continue to enlist for (and die for) a nation that exploits their lands, waters, and bodies and finally the deliberate retrieval of cultural memory that promotes balance between humans and nature. Cultural memory and decolonization are thus linked. Together, they assuage the environmental impact of settler colonialism in Guam and elsewhere.
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24

Chung, Sandra, and Matthew W. Wagers. "On the universality of intrusive resumption: Evidence from Chamorro and Palauan." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, October 22, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-020-09493-9.

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25

Wagers, Matthew, Manuel F. Borja, and Sandra Chung. "Processing reflexive pronouns when they don’t announce themselves." Glossa Psycholinguistics 1, no. 1 (October 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/g601174.

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In two experiments we investigated the comprehension of pronoun forms in Chamorro, a verb-initial Austronesian language that does not distinguish morphologically between reflexive anaphors and pronominals. In Experiment 1, on object pronouns, we found that comprehenders had a preference for reflexive interpretations despite the fact that the pronoun form was not morphologically marked as reflexive. In Experiment 2, on possessor pronouns, we found that this preference was much weaker. We conclude that when a morphological distinction between reflexive anaphors and pronominals is absent, comprehenders do prefer to assign reflexive interpretations. However, this pressure is defeasible and moderated by morphosyntactic and semantic factors, such as the competition between null and overt pronoun forms and the verb’s argument structure.
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