Дисертації з теми "Chaîne de propulsion électrique"
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Alcicek, Guven. "Contribution à l'étude du vieillissement et à l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans une chaîne de propulsion électrique haute tension pour des applications véhicule électrique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0246/document.
Повний текст джерелаUltracapacitors present a growing interesting in at various the embedded applications. Recently published studies show that different integrations of ultracapacitor in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) permits to increase the battery’s lifetime up to twice. In the meantime, the aging of ultracapacitor is not fully known and still waits many questions have to be responded.This thesis is studying the aging of the ultracapacitor and their integration in a HEV. The work focused on the accelerated aging in floating mode such as constant voltage and temperature and also in cycling mode such as charge-discharge for a constant current. This study permits us to find a reliable and a repeatable test protocol in order to minimize the noise during the measurement of a frequencial and a continuous mode. In the meantime, the floating mode allows to estimate the supercapacitors’ lifespan and also to determine some reasons of the aging.Besides, we have also included a pack of ultracapacitors in an EV platform based on a pack of lithium iron phosphate. The experimental test demonstrated clearly a contribution of the ultracapacitors during a transient phase (acceleration, braking, sudden stress) and the dynamic strain reduction on the battery
Pam, Abdoulaye. "Méthodologie d’émulation pour le test de chaîne de puissance de véhicules électrifiés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I027.
Повний текст джерелаThe electrification of transportation has become, for several years, an essential solution to deal with the various ecological problems in transport. Thus, electrified vehicles (hybrid and electric) are more and more put on the road. Test procedures for their various components are organized to optimize the design, production, and quality of these vehicles. Power Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation (using power emulators) has become an important step in the vehicle development cycle for these various tests. To reduce time and cost constraints, the rapid development of reliable and flexible power emulators is necessary. The objective of this PhD thesis is to propose a method for the design of power emulators for electrified vehicles for the testing of their various functional subsystems. EMR (Energetic Macroscopic Representation) formalism is used as an organization tool for the design of the various power emulators. The methodology developed is used to test the battery and electric drives of a series hybrid electric vehicle. First, a unified representation of the energetic simulation model of the series hybrid electric vehicle is proposed. Next, the methodology is applied for the battery testing of the reference vehicle. Finally, the methodology is applied for electric drives testing. Experimental results are provided throughout this PhD thesis to validate these various power emulators
Lochot, Christophe. "Modélisation et caractérisation des phénomènes couplés dans une chaîne de traction ferroviaire asynchrone." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT013H.
Повний текст джерелаSadou, Ryad. "Dimensionnement sur cycle de chsînes de conversion optimales à motorisation synchrone pour des applications de drones autonomes à ailes fixes." Thesis, Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU4020.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of the development of an autonomous fixed-wing UAV, the present sizing of the electric propulsion chain of the drone including the propeller, the electric motor and its power converter. This power chain, through which up to 90 % of the energy consumed by the UAV passes, represents a strong potential gain in term of energy efficiency and therefore in term of the autonomy of the UAV. Taking into account the entire operating cycle of the UAV requires the development of a particular sizing method that allows the simultaneous optimization of the geometry and the control strategy of the machine, while maintaining a reduced calculation time. This method, based on analytical models, allows the consideration of the thermal transient in order to avoid oversizing the machine, particularly with this type of application where the thermal steady state is rarely reached. In this study, it was demonstrated how it was possible to take into account the power converter and its control from the pre-sizing step of the machine, with the objective of reducing the mass of the PMSM and the losses of the {converter - machine} system
Kaloun, Adham. "Conception de chaînes de traction hybrides et électriques par optimisation sur cycles routiers." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0019.
Повний текст джерелаDesigning hybrid powertrains is a complex task, which calls for experts from various fields. In addition to this, finding the optimal solution requires a system overview. This can be, depending on the granularity of the models at the component level, highly time-consuming. This is even more true when the system’s performance is determined by its control, as it is the case of the hybrid powertrain. In fact, various possibilities can be selected to deliver the required torque to the wheels during the driving cycle. Hence, the main obstacle is to achieve optimality while keeping the methodology fast and robust. In this work, novel approaches to exploit the full potential of hybridization are proposed and compared. The first strategy is a bi-level approach consisting of two nested optimization blocks: an external design optimization process that calculates the best fuel consumption value at each iteration, found through control optimization using an improved version of dynamic programming. Two different systemic design strategies based on the iterative scheme are proposed as well. The first approach is based on model reduction while the second approach relies on precise cycle reduction techniques. The latter enables the use of high precision models without penalizing the calculation time. A co-optimization approach is implemented afterwards which adjusts both the design variables and parameters of a new efficient rule-based strategy. This allows for faster optimization as opposed to an all-at-once approach. Finally, a meta-model based technique is explored
Richard, Julien. "Développement d'une chaîne de calcul pour les interactions fluide-structure et application aux instabilités aéro-acoustiques d'un moteur à propergol solide." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20256/document.
Повний текст джерелаLarge solid propellant rocket motors may be subjected to aero-acoustic instabilities arising from a coupling between the burnt gas flow and the acoustic eigenmodes of the combustion chamber. These instabilities lead to large pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber. These pressure oscillations cause vibrations which might jeopardize the payload if they happen to be larger than a certain threshold. Given the size and cost of any single firing test or launch, it is of first importance to rely on numerical tools able to predict these instabilities so that they can be avoided at the design level. The first purpose of this thesis is to build a numerical tool in order to evaluate how the coupling of the fluid flow and the whole structure of the motor influences the amplitude of the aeroacoustic oscillations living inside the rocket. A particular attention was paid to the coupling algorithm between the fluid and the solid solvers in order to ensure the best energy conservation through the interface.The numerical chain is applied to a sub-scaled configuration of Ariane 5 solid rocket motor in two studies. The first relates to the impact of vibration of the structure on aeroacoustic instabilities. The effect of a crossover frequency between the longitudinal modes of the structure and the acoustic modes of the combustion chamber is assessed. The second study examines the effect of thermal protection oscillations in the flow. An increased of the flow organisation and a significant strengthening of pressure oscillations are highlighted
Arab, Mohammad-Waseem. "Étude et conception d'un groupe motopropulseur électrique à faibles niveau vibratoire et sonore pour véhicule électrique. Aspects "contrôle - commande"." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112231/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn a global context governed by multiple economic, energetic and environmental factors, the transition towards transportation modes with zero polluting emissions seems inevitable. Hence, automotive manufacturers are investing increasingly in the development of electric powertrains in anticipation of the market needs. Among the different electric motors technologies considered for this application, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) presents attractive characteristics for the industry.The work presented in this thesis aims to elaborate solutions in response to the points still hindering the adoption of the SRM in electric vehicles. First, torque regulation of an SRM intended for an electric traction is analyzed. Taking into consideration the requirements of the application in hand, a regulation strategy is developed through the integration of two methods which complement each other over the studied SRM range of operation.In the second part, the subject of current regulation in the SRM is discussed. The issues related to current regulation in SRMs disposing of high current dynamics are firstly identified. Then, two current regulators, each adapted to different implementation conditions, are presented and validated through simulations.The last part of this thesis discusses the acceleration jerks induced at very low speeds and their repercussions on driving comfort . Indeed, electric traction introduces a new aspect on this rather classic issue. An anti-jerk control law, composed of two control actions, is developed. Simulations have shown the conformity of the performance obtained with the proposed control law with the target industrial specifications
Kaloun, Adham. "Conception de chaînes de traction hybrides et électriques par optimisation sur cycles routiers." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0019.
Повний текст джерелаDesigning hybrid powertrains is a complex task, which calls for experts from various fields. In addition to this, finding the optimal solution requires a system overview. This can be, depending on the granularity of the models at the component level, highly time-consuming. This is even more true when the system’s performance is determined by its control, as it is the case of the hybrid powertrain. In fact, various possibilities can be selected to deliver the required torque to the wheels during the driving cycle. Hence, the main obstacle is to achieve optimality while keeping the methodology fast and robust. In this work, novel approaches to exploit the full potential of hybridization are proposed and compared. The first strategy is a bi-level approach consisting of two nested optimization blocks: an external design optimization process that calculates the best fuel consumption value at each iteration, found through control optimization using an improved version of dynamic programming. Two different systemic design strategies based on the iterative scheme are proposed as well. The first approach is based on model reduction while the second approach relies on precise cycle reduction techniques. The latter enables the use of high precision models without penalizing the calculation time. A co-optimization approach is implemented afterwards which adjusts both the design variables and parameters of a new efficient rule-based strategy. This allows for faster optimization as opposed to an all-at-once approach. Finally, a meta-model based technique is explored
Sarrazin, Benoît. "Optimisation d'une chaîne de traction pour véhicule électrique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808946.
Повний текст джерелаSarrazin, Benoît. "Optimisation d'une chaîne de traction pour véhicule électrique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT117/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe elements that can be found in traction chain are usually separate and independent between them (battery pack, traction converter and motor). The use of cascaded inverter in order to drive the vehicle has been the heart of this thesis. The energy performance of cascaded inverter and classical voltage source inverter were compared on a standardized driving cycle for different power converters configurations (voltage level for the traction chain, variation of the number serial inverter for cascaded H-bridge and different number of semiconductors in parallel to do the function of the power switches in converters). Other power electronic converters are necessary for the electrical vehicle. One of these converters is the battery charger which tranfer energy from the network to the vehicle's batteries. Another is the battery monitoring system that ensures a balance and uniform state between the different cells which make up the battery pack of the vehicle. With an objective of increasing the function of the power converter, cascaded H-bridge have been designed to provide the function of charger and balance the battery cell when the traction chain of the vehicle is not used
Bourguet, Salvy. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence du réseau de distribution d'un navire tout électrique sur sa signature électromagnétique." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2104.
Повний текст джерелаElectrical installations aboard passenger and goods vessels keep developing with a more and more frequent use of electric propulsion and the massive introduction of power converters. As far as military ships are concerned the increase of the aboard electrical power must not compromise its 'discretion', especially due to an uncontrolled electromagnetic signature. In enhancing the circulation of currents as well as the presence of voltage in a low frequency range within the distribution network, this study mainly focuses on propulsion systems and aims at finding the sources of such perturbations. A commutation functions based analysis allows to reveal low frequency perturbations in the different parts of the propulsion system. Two kinds of converters are dealt with: current source inverters and voltage source inverters. Both of these drives generate network and propulsion motor driving frequency dependent interharmonic perturbations. These ones are foreseeable according to the kind of converter and to propulsion structure (coupling of the transformers, propulsion motors stator windings). Some measures recorded aboard several all electric ships equipped with this kind of propulsion converters validate this approach. Numeric simulation is used and developed in order to have a tool to predict the perturbations within the propulsion systems and the distribution networks of the electrical ships. Subsequently, in an experimental approach, this work puts forward a description of the different leakage currents coming from several installations. The measure of the electromagnetic signature transmitted by an all electric cruise hip is presented and analysed, showing the influence of the frequencies of the electrical sources onboard
Rolland, Frédéric. "Simulation et optimisation paramétrique de la chaîne de motorisation d'un véhicule électrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5948.
Повний текст джерелаShraif, Mohamed Firas. "Optimisation et mesure de chaîne de conversion d'énergie photovoltaïque en énergie électrique." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30168.
Повний текст джерелаAnah, Joshua. "La bioimpédance électrique : techniques d'acquisition et chaîne de mesure destinée à l'imagerie d'impédance." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30125.
Повний текст джерелаBailly, Guillaume. "Simulation multi-domaines d'un système de propulsion hybride électrique sous l'environnement Matlab/Simulink." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/521/1/BAILLY_Guillaume.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLebreux, Normand. "Système de propulsion électrique pour véhicule de proximité utilisant un moteur à induction." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4057/1/000102235.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGazzino, Clément. "Stratégies de maintien à poste pour un satellite géostationnaire à propulsion tout électrique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30001/document.
Повний текст джерелаGeostationary spacecraft have to stay above a fixed point of the Earth, on a so-called geostationary Earth orbit. For this orbit, the orbital period of the spacecraft is equal to the rotation period of the Earth. Because of orbital disturbances, spacecraft drift away their station keeping position. It is therefore mandatory to create control strategies in order to make the spacecraft stay in the vicinity of the station keeping position. Due to their high thrust capabilities, chemical thrusters have been widely used. However nowadays electric propulsion based thrusters with their high specific impulse are viable alternative in order to decrease the spacecraft mass or increase its longevity. The use of such a system induce the necessity to handle operational constraints because of the limited on-board power. These operational constraints are difficult to take into account in the mathematical transcription of the station keeping problem in an optimal control problem with control and state constraints. This thesis proposed two techniques in order to solve this optimal control problem. The first one is based on the computation of first order necessary conditions and consists in decomposing the overall problem in three sub-problems, leading to a three-step decomposition method. The first step solves an optimal control problem without the operational constraints. The second steps enforces these operational constraints thanks to dedicated equivalence schemes and the third one optimises the switching times of the control profile thanks to a method borrowed from the switched systems theory. The second proposed method consists in parametrising the on-off control profile with binary functions. After a time discretisation of the station keeping horizons, the operational constraints are easily recast as linear constraints on integer variables, the dynamics is numerically integrated and the station keeping problem is recast as a mixed integer linear programming problem. After the resolution of the problem over a short time horizon of one week, the station keeping problem is solved over a long time horizon of one year. To this end, the long time horizon is split in shorter horizons over which the problem is successively solved. End-of-cycle constraints have been set up in order to ensure the feasibility of the solution one short horizon after another
Roy, Simon, and Simon Roy. "Conception optimale d'une chaîne de traction électrique pour une voiture de type Formule SAE." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27117.
Повний текст джерелаTableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
La Formule SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) est une compétition étudiante consistant en la conception et la fabrication d'une voiture de course monoplace. De nombreux événements sont organisés à chaque année au cours desquels plusieurs universités rivalisent entre elles lors d'épreuves dynamiques et statiques. Celles-ci comprennent l'évaluation de la conception, l'évaluation des coûts de fabrication, l'accélération de la voiture, etc. Avec plus de 500 universités participantes et des événements annuels sur tous les continents, il s'agit de la plus importante compétition d'ingénierie étudiante au monde. L'équipe ULaval Racing a participé pendant plus de 20 ans aux compétitions annuelles réservées aux voitures à combustion. Afin de s'adapter à l'électrification des transports et aux nouvelles compétitions destinées aux voitures électriques, l'équipe a conçu et fabriqué une chaîne de traction électrique haute performance destinée à leur voiture 2015. L'approche traditionnelle employée pour concevoir une motorisation électrique consiste à imposer les performances désirées. Ces critères comprennent l'inclinaison maximale que la voiture doit pouvoir gravir, l'autonomie désirée ainsi qu'un profil de vitesse en fonction du temps, ou tout simplement un cycle routier. Cette approche n'est malheureusement pas appropriée pour la conception d'une traction électrique pour une voiture de type Formule SAE. Ce véhicule n'étant pas destiné à la conduite urbaine ou à la conduite sur autoroute, les cycles routiers existants ne sont pas représentatifs des conditions d'opération du bolide à concevoir. Ainsi, la réalisation de ce projet a nécessité l'identification du cycle d'opération routier sur lequel le véhicule doit opérer. Il sert de point de départ à la conception de la chaîne de traction composée des moteurs, de la batterie ainsi que des onduleurs de tension. L'utilisation d'une méthode de dimensionnement du système basée sur un algorithme d'optimisation génétique, suivie d'une optimisation locale couplée à une analyse par éléments-finis a permis l'obtention d'une solution optimale pour les circuits de type Formule SAE. La chaîne de traction conçue a été fabriquée et intégrée dans un prototype de voiture de l'équipe ULaval Racing lors de la saison 2015 afin de participer à diverses compétitions de voitures électriques.
La Formule SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) est une compétition étudiante consistant en la conception et la fabrication d'une voiture de course monoplace. De nombreux événements sont organisés à chaque année au cours desquels plusieurs universités rivalisent entre elles lors d'épreuves dynamiques et statiques. Celles-ci comprennent l'évaluation de la conception, l'évaluation des coûts de fabrication, l'accélération de la voiture, etc. Avec plus de 500 universités participantes et des événements annuels sur tous les continents, il s'agit de la plus importante compétition d'ingénierie étudiante au monde. L'équipe ULaval Racing a participé pendant plus de 20 ans aux compétitions annuelles réservées aux voitures à combustion. Afin de s'adapter à l'électrification des transports et aux nouvelles compétitions destinées aux voitures électriques, l'équipe a conçu et fabriqué une chaîne de traction électrique haute performance destinée à leur voiture 2015. L'approche traditionnelle employée pour concevoir une motorisation électrique consiste à imposer les performances désirées. Ces critères comprennent l'inclinaison maximale que la voiture doit pouvoir gravir, l'autonomie désirée ainsi qu'un profil de vitesse en fonction du temps, ou tout simplement un cycle routier. Cette approche n'est malheureusement pas appropriée pour la conception d'une traction électrique pour une voiture de type Formule SAE. Ce véhicule n'étant pas destiné à la conduite urbaine ou à la conduite sur autoroute, les cycles routiers existants ne sont pas représentatifs des conditions d'opération du bolide à concevoir. Ainsi, la réalisation de ce projet a nécessité l'identification du cycle d'opération routier sur lequel le véhicule doit opérer. Il sert de point de départ à la conception de la chaîne de traction composée des moteurs, de la batterie ainsi que des onduleurs de tension. L'utilisation d'une méthode de dimensionnement du système basée sur un algorithme d'optimisation génétique, suivie d'une optimisation locale couplée à une analyse par éléments-finis a permis l'obtention d'une solution optimale pour les circuits de type Formule SAE. La chaîne de traction conçue a été fabriquée et intégrée dans un prototype de voiture de l'équipe ULaval Racing lors de la saison 2015 afin de participer à diverses compétitions de voitures électriques.
The Formula SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) is a student engineering competition for which students design, build and race a single-seater racing car. Multiple events are organized every year during which the teams can compete against other universities. With more than 500 teams participating worldwide, it is the biggest student engineering competition in the world. The tests include the evaluation of the design, production costs, acceleration of the car, etc. The ULaval Racing team participated during more than 20 years at the annual Michigan competition reserved for internal combustion racecars. In order to adapt to the electrification of transportation and to the new competitions reserved for electric cars, the team designed and manufactured a high performance electric powertrain for their 2015 car. The traditional approach used to design an electric powertrain is to set the desired performances of the vehicle. These criteria include the maximum incline that the car must be able to climb, the desired range and a speed profile over time, also known as road cycle. Unfortunately, this approach is not suitable for the design of an electric powertrain for use in a Formula SAE racecar. Since this type of vehicle is not intended for city driving nor highway driving, the existing road cycles are not representative of the expected operating conditions. The realization of this project required the identification of the road cycle on which the vehicle will operate. It is used as a starting point for the design of the powertrain, which includes the electric motors, the battery pack and the power inverters. The use of a genetic optimization algorithm, followed by a local optimization coupled to a finite element analysis tool yielded an optimal solution suitable for the Formula SAE type race tracks. The drivetrain was designed, manufactured and integrated into the 2015 ULaval Racing vehicle. The car participated in various competitions intended for electric racecars and received multiple awards for its inovative design and its performance.
The Formula SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) is a student engineering competition for which students design, build and race a single-seater racing car. Multiple events are organized every year during which the teams can compete against other universities. With more than 500 teams participating worldwide, it is the biggest student engineering competition in the world. The tests include the evaluation of the design, production costs, acceleration of the car, etc. The ULaval Racing team participated during more than 20 years at the annual Michigan competition reserved for internal combustion racecars. In order to adapt to the electrification of transportation and to the new competitions reserved for electric cars, the team designed and manufactured a high performance electric powertrain for their 2015 car. The traditional approach used to design an electric powertrain is to set the desired performances of the vehicle. These criteria include the maximum incline that the car must be able to climb, the desired range and a speed profile over time, also known as road cycle. Unfortunately, this approach is not suitable for the design of an electric powertrain for use in a Formula SAE racecar. Since this type of vehicle is not intended for city driving nor highway driving, the existing road cycles are not representative of the expected operating conditions. The realization of this project required the identification of the road cycle on which the vehicle will operate. It is used as a starting point for the design of the powertrain, which includes the electric motors, the battery pack and the power inverters. The use of a genetic optimization algorithm, followed by a local optimization coupled to a finite element analysis tool yielded an optimal solution suitable for the Formula SAE type race tracks. The drivetrain was designed, manufactured and integrated into the 2015 ULaval Racing vehicle. The car participated in various competitions intended for electric racecars and received multiple awards for its inovative design and its performance.
Paganelli, Gino. "Conception et commande d'une chaîne de traction pour véhicule hybride parallèle thermique et électrique." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/461ef0ed-8e58-41db-9aa9-17e74fa98c89.
Повний текст джерелаGuibert, Cédric. "Modélisation et commande en poussée de moteurs à courants alternatifs en propulsion navale." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2137.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the thrust control for marine electric thrusters. In order to simplify the problem, we consider the case of the thrusters which equip the Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) or Remotely Operated underwater Vehicles (ROV). The first part of this work presents the thruster modelling and several thrust controls find in the literature. The most of these controls are based on the inverse models, sometimes with a cascade regulation loop. In a second part an original control law is proposed. This one is based on three parts~: the observation of the hydrodynamic torque, the thrust estimation by the inverse model and the use of PID controllers. A comparative study with the existing control laws is undertaking in simulation. Finally, the last part relates to the design of a thruster test stand. This test will allow to validate the models and the control laws used for the thrust control of AUV and ROV
Monrolin, Nicolas. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la propulsion électrohydrodynamique dans l'air." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0086/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Biefeld-Brown effect, named after its discoverers in 1920s, stands for the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force applied on two high voltage electrodes in air. The origin of this force has been subject to controverse, but it is establised that it relies on the acceleration of ionized air by a strong electric field. Numerous applications are associated with ionic wind : active flow control, heat transfer enhancement, food drying or even propulsion. At the first glance, the low efficiency is unattractive for propulsion. However recent experiments highlighted a surprisingly high thrust/power ratio. This PhD research aimed to better understand the phenomena, through experiments and theoretical or numerical analysis. First, an experimental study was carried out to quantify the EHD force and its variations with the geometry of the electrodes. For instance, the best position of two collecting electrodes could produce nearly twice more thrust than the one collector configuration, for a given applied voltage. Considering the mass and the aerodynamic of some already existing very light aircrafts, it is shown that the produced thrust could at most balance the aerodynamic drag. This first results were enhanced by PIV measurements, which gave deeper insight into the flow and the force field between the electrodes. The air speed recorded was at most around 3 m/s, while the volumetric force of the order of 10 N/m3. The physical explaination of the optimal two collectors configuration relied partially on the wake flow structures and their unsteady effects. Then, a theoretical analysis of the propulsive force confirmed its explicit dependence on the current to mobility ratio. The discharge current being determined by the corona discharge physics, the second part of this work focuses on its theoretical and numerical analysis. An asymptotic approach of the corona discharge for concentric cylindrical electrodes led to an explicit expression of both the onset surface electric field and the current-voltage law as functions of the gas density, the effective ionization coefficient and the electrodes size. This asymptotic approach was reformulated in the frame of a domain decomposition method, implemented numerically with a finite elements discretization, in order to generalize the asymptotic approach. The iterative algorythm for the steady non-linear coupled system of equations is based on Newton method. This method provides a physically relevant boundary condition for the charge injection and can be applied to more complex geometries
Nguimpi, Langue Leïla. "Contribution au dimensionnement optimal d’une machine électrique sans aimant pour la propulsion de véhicules hybrides." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2420/document.
Повний текст джерелаHybrid propulsion (electric thermal) is a relevant solution in the search for vehicles consuming less than 2 liters of fuel / 100 km. Nevertheless, this type of motorization comes up against cost levels that are too high for widespread distribution. One of the reasons for these high costs is the level of permanent magnets integrating the constitution of the electric machine. In addition, the "material cost" of these permanent magnets has soared in recent years making this type of machine difficult to match the target market. The aim of the thesis is to propose a magnetless electrical machine structure whose mass performances are comparable to those of permanent magnet machines. This increase in performance can be achieved by high rotation speeds or thermal sizing different from those usually used. The works proposed as part of this thesis will be as follows: - In-depth bibliographic analysis to propose a structure and a principle most adapted to the envisaged constraints- Proposal of a multi physical model (magnetic, thermal, mechanical) of the selected structure. - Use of the multi-physical model for optimal sizing- Follow-up of the realization of the prototype - Experimental validation of the prototype. This work will be conducted as part of a consortium integrating academics, manufacturers and automotive suppliers of the highest order
Labrousse, Denis. "Amélioration des techniques d'estimation des perturbations conduites : application à une chaîne de traction de véhicule électrique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595296.
Повний текст джерелаLabrousse, Denis. "Amélioration des techniques d’estimation des perturbations conduites : application à une chaîne de traction de véhicule électrique." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DENS0042/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the transport field, whether road, rail, marine or aeronautic, the number and power of embedded electric or electronic devices are constantly increasing. New features, often developed for passengers comfort, are responsible for this increase. Moreover, many actuators which were previously mechanical, thermal or hydraulic are replaced by electrical ones. Those new actuators need an electrical power supply which most of the time rely on power electronics. It is well known that this kind of device generate high levels of disturbances. In order to take into account the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) at the design stage of a product, builders need tools adapted to EMC or specific conception rules. The work performed during this thesis is geared in order to meet these needs.The first part deals with the modeling of conducted electromagnetic interferences (EMI) of an electrical power train mainly composed by power electronics converter and a wound rotor synchronous machine. Thanks to this study, a generic model of any non-insulated structure of power electronics was developed. The second part consists in developing a new computing method which allows to reduce the time of computing. Based on the observation of signals on different time intervals, a reconstruction technique by convolution product is proposed and applied for a common mode current. The third part deals with the elaboration of sources of disturbances by transfer functions which describe the high frequency behavior of a switching cell. This modeling is directly implementable in a circuit simulation software as it allows to linearize the intrinsic non linear behavior of the semiconductor components
Vial, Vanessa. "Etudes physiques et paramétriques de propulseurs plasma pour applications spatiales." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2061.
Повний текст джерелаGawron, Damien. "Phénomènes de transport ionique dans le plasma d’un propulseur à effet Hall à forte puissance : étude par spectroscopie laser." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2061.
Повний текст джерелаGerst, Jan Dennis. "Investigation of magnetized radio frequency plasma sources for electric space propulsion." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977801.
Повний текст джерелаVialis, Théo. "Développement d’un propulseur plasma à résonance cyclotron électronique pour les satellites." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS344.
Повний текст джерелаElectric propulsion is an alternative technology to the chemical propulsion that enables reducing propellant consumption for satellites. ONERA is developing an electric ECR thruster with a thrust around 1 mN and an electric power less than 50 W. The thruster creates a plasma by electron cyclotron resonance and accelerates it through a magnetic nozzle. In this thesis work, an optimization of the measurement diagnostics is done. The work also aims at identifying the important parameters for the performances of the thruster and at improving the understanding of underlying physics, in order to increase the thruster efficiency. Several prototypes have been developed and a thrust stand that can directly measure the thrust has been modified. Some parametric studies have been led and have shown that the thruster performance strongly depends on xenon mass-flow rate to microwave power ratio. It has also shown that the external conductor of the plasma source and the ambient pressure have a significant influence on the performances. Following a geometric optimization, a maximum total efficiency of more than 12% has been obtained. Separate measurements of the magnetic and thermal thrust have shown that the magnetic thrust is the main component of the total thrust. A 1D-3V PIC code has been used to simulate the behavior of the thruster. The analysis of the results has shown that the ECR heating and particle acceleration in the magnetic nozzle could be properly computed. The role of the parallel and perpendicular component of electron pressure has been evidenced by this work
Sanogo, Satafa. "Conception optimale de circuits magnétiques dédiés à la propulsion spatiale électrique par des méthodes d'optimisation topologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30015/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we present theoretical and numerical optimization method for designing magnetic circuits for Hall effect thrusters. These design problems are very difficult inverse ones that we formulate under the form of topology optimization problems. Then, the obtained problems are non convex subject to Maxwell equations like constraints. Some original approaches have been proposed to solve efficiently these topology optimization problems. These approaches are based on the material density model called SIMP approach (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) which is a variante of the homogenization method. The results in my thesis allowed to provide optimization source code named ATOP (Algorithm To Optimize Propulsion) unsung in parallel two scientific computing softwares namely Matlab and FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics). In ATOP, we use both local optimization algorithms based on sensitivity analysis of the design problem; and global optimization algorithms mainly of type Branch and Bound based on Interval Arithmetic analysis. ATOP will help to optimize both the topological shape of the magnetic circuits and the time and cost of production (design process) of new generations of electrical thrusters
Retho, Fabien. "Méthodologie collaborative d'aide à la construction de produits virtuels pour la conception d'aéronefs à propulsion électrique." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research of alternative aircraft propulsion system is mandatory because oil dependence is too strong. The work proposed in this thesis is oriented to support electric based innovative propulsion system designers. Considering that it is important to consider entire aircraft analysis, we propose a model based, with systems engineering models, physics-based behavioral models and numerical simulation, and collaborative, because design require numerous business expertise. The objective of this approach is to build a virtual product, which means a global multidisciplinary executable model of the product under design in order to facilitate its design. A methodology is then developed, focused on the relation between the virtual product, its constitutive models and their acquisition. The methodology director wire corresponds to information research, with multidisciplinary interactions and impacts in the system, and then the application of those pieces of information to build a model of intention which allows requesting a behavioral model from experts. Finally, it is the missing link between global design driven with systems engineering and real physics based design which is implicitly at stake. To perform the methodology, a new role has been defined, the simulation architect. This thesis presents theoretically the methodology, including roles and concepts, and then this methodology is demonstrated on a helicopter based drone study-case
Abdallah, Nissrine. "Etude de développement d'un concept de locomotive hybride à chaîne de traction électrique autonome propre et durable." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607487.
Повний текст джерелаHauck, Matthieu. "Optimisation de l'architecture et de la commande de la chaîne électrique d'une hydrolienne fluviale : conception et réalisation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732840.
Повний текст джерелаDa, Silva Frédéric. "Méthodologies de réduction de modèles multiphysiques pour la conception et la commande d’une chaîne de traction électrique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC022/document.
Повний текст джерелаNumerical simulations are widely used during the design phase of a product but also for the validation of an innovative system. For example, during the conception of an electric vehicle’s powertrain, numerical simulations can be used to select the appropriate electric engine technology or for the development of control strategies taking into account decision criteria such as vehicle’s autonomy, but also its cost and performance.System’s complexity is always increasing, so they require more and more precise simulations in order to better understand the phenomena involved - for example to study iron losses in an electric engine. 3D simulations provide very accurate results to study a body but are still not appropriate today for the study of large scale systems (ie. with many degrees of freedom, many optimization parameters and several areas of Physics). Indeed, 3D simulations computing time cost is directly linked with the number of degrees of freedom. That’s why, in recent years, model order reduction techniques stir developments because they guarantee a good compromise between the computation time and accuracy of results produced by these models.In this study, we are interested in techniques that can be used in an industrial context around two axes: - the study of thermal phenomena (in the power electronics modules) - the study of electromagnetic phenomena (in electric engines)
Fulcrand, Julien. "Les changements en chaîne historiques confrontés à la phonologie moderne : Propulsion et traction modélisées par deux approches de préservation." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30023/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to formalise historical chain shifts within modern phonological theories. Martinet (1952, 1955, 1970) distinguishes two main categories of chain shifts: push chains and pull chains. Push chains will be dealt with in the first main part of this thesis (chapters 2 and 3). For modelling of push chains, an existing model is used: Łubowicz's (2003, 2012) Contrast Preservation Theory. For modelling pull chains, which will be the focus of the second part of this thesis (chapters 4 and 5), a new theory will be proposed, based on the phonetic work by De Boer (2001). This proposition is based on the notion of the pillar domains (domaines piliers). Chapter 1 starts with the observation that neither the derivational, SPE-like, theories or output driven theories like Prince's & Smolensky's Optimality Theory (OT) are able to formalise chain shifts properly. Within the derivational theories, it is possible to get a correct description of a chain shift. However, in order to do that, we have to break the links between the different stages of the chain shift. Therefore, one loses the systemic interdependence of the different stages, which is the essence of the chain shift. As regards to Optimality Theory, it is the two-level structure of the theory which proves problematic for chain shifts. In a theoretical chain shift such as /a/ → [e] > /e/ → [i], it is impossible for OT to make, in the same analysis, [e] an optimal candidate and /e/ a non-optimal one. In chapter 2, we analyse and compare several output-driven propositions that have been made to account for chain shifts. Many of them are not satisfactory because they do not manage to model the systemic motivation of chain shifts. The only theory that seems able to complete this objective is Łubowicz's Contrast Preservation Theory (CPT). This theory is based on the notions of contrast, contrast preservation and it evaluates scenarios rather than individual candidates. Contrast preservation is achieved through contrast transformation. The term contrast transformation indicates that the contrast levels of the input system are preserved but that their nature is different in the output system. One observation about CPT is that Łubowicz designed it for synchronic chain shifts. In chapter 2, we prove that CPT is able to model the perceptible coherence in diachronic chain shifts. In chapter 3, thus we decide to test the validity of CPT on actual historical chain shifts. It is tested on two cases. One is the well-known vocalic chain shift the Great Vowel Shift in English. The other one is the Second German Sound Shift (or High German Consonant Shift). We demonstrate that CPT is able to account for both of these chain shifts. At the end of chapter 3, CPT is tested on another type of chain shifts, i.e. chain shifts in first-language acquisition. The studied chain shift is s → θ → f. This chain shift is different from the other two because there is no new contrast level created. The last stage of this chain shift ends with a merger . Once again, CPT can account for this chain shift in a coherent way
Joncquières, Valentin. "Modélisation et simulation numérique des moteurs à effet Hall." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0035/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe space propulsion has been a political issue in the midst of the Cold War and remains nowadays a strategic and industrial issue. The chemical propulsion on rocket engines is limited by its ejection velocity and its lifetime. Electric propulsion and more particularly Hall effect thrusters appear then as the most powerful and used technology for space satellite operation. The physic inside a thruster is complex because of the electromagnetic fields and important collision processes. Therefore, all specificities of the engine operation are not perfectly understood. After hundreds of hours of tests, thruster walls are curiously eroded and electromagnetic instabilities are developping within the ionization chamber. The measured electron mobility is in contradiction with the analytical models and raises issues on the plasma behavior inside the discharg chamber. As a result, the AVIP code was developed to provide a massively parallel and unstructured 3D code to Safran Aircraft Engines modeling unsteady plasma inside the thruster. Lagrangian and Eulerian methods are used and integrated in the solver and my work has focused on the development of a fluid model which is faster and therefore better suited to industrial conception. The model is based on a set of equations for neutrals, ions and electrons without drift-diffusion hypothesis, combined with a Poisson equation to describe the electric potential. A rigorous expression of collision terms and a precise description of the boundary conditions for sheaths have been established. This model has been implemented numerically in an unstructured formalism and optimized to obtain good performances on new computing architectures. The model and the numerical implementation allow us to perform a real Hall effect thruster simulation. Overall operating properties such as the acceleration of the ions or the location of the ionization zone are captured. Finally, a second application has successfully reproduced azimuthal instabilities in the Hall thruster with the fluid model and justified the role of these instabilities in the anomalous electron transport and in theerosion of the walls
Saadi, Yakoub. "Stratégies de contrôle et analyse des défauts d'une machine à réluctance variable pour une chaîne de traction électrique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS161/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, electric and hybrid vehicles are gaining increased attention due to environmental and energy concerns. In these vehicles, the electrical machines used are the conventional machines, namely induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines. The switched reluctance machine is a potential candidate technology for electric and hybrid drivetrains. This machine designed without magnets and redundant windings, can combine the robustness and low cost of induction machines to the good performance of permanent magnet synchronous machines. In this context, the first objective of this thesis is to propose robust control strategies of the switched reluctance machine, taking into account the constraints of electric vehicles in order to make a comparative performance study. In this study, PI control, sliding mode control and higher order sliding mode control are proposed. The second objective is to develop state observers for sensorless control. Robust observers based on extended Kalman filter theory and sliding modes are synthesized to achieve this goal. Finally, the third objective is to make an analysis of electrical open-circuit faults of the electronic power stage using the signal approach in order to develop a methodology of automatic fault isolation
Barbier, Claude-Éric. "Modélisation et simulation du système véhicule électrique pour la conception et le contrôle de sa chaîne de traction." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT134H.
Повний текст джерелаTrieste, Sony. "Modélisation et optimisation technico-économique d’une chaîne de conversion et de stockage d’énergie d’un navire électrique zéro émission." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f0390ebf-7401-4e89-b2d7-7c34b47afa88.
Повний текст джерелаThe World is facing to many concerns about energy supply. To face to the growing environmental constraints, new technological solutions have to be developed. The new concept of an all-electric ship is one of these promising answers. Today, most of the existing industrial applications do not take into account (or very roughly) the ageing behavior whereas it has a great influence on the cost of long-term applications. In order to improve the technical and the economical aspect of the design, we propose a system approach to determine the optimal configuration of an energy storage system. The originality of this approach is to use different kind of models (losses, ageing and cost) to determine the best cost per year. Finally, this approach is applied to the sizing of a supercapacitor pack with its static converter used for the energy supply of the first supercapacitor commuter with a plug-in architecture
Muntean, Adina Mariana. "Analyse et contrôle du couple des moteurs synchrones à aimants permanents pour la propulsion des véhicules électriques." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2007.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to analyze and control the developed electromagnetic turque of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion applications. The thesis content is structured on six chapters. Chapter 1 outlines the main features of an electric-vehicle propulsion system. After proving that the general class of PMSMs is well suited to such drive applications, some specific IPMSM subclass designs for EV propulsion are examined. Chapter 2 develops the mathematical model of IMPSMs suitable for EV propulsion applications. In the first part of chapter 3, an equivalent magnetic circuit-based analysis of a double--layer IPMSM is developed allowing the estimation of the rotor-PM sizes as well as the ratued valuers of PM-rotor and armature-stator fluxes, back-emfs and insatured dq inductances. In ther second of the chapter, the electromagnetic torque of both single- and double-layer IMPSMs under rated-load condition is analyzed using 2D finite-element field simulation. Chapter 4 deals with electromagnetic torque control strategies for IMPSMs. In the first part of this chapter, the indirect torque control of IMPSM via stator-current regulation in the rotor reference frame is outlined. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to the direct torque and stator-flux control (DTFC) of IMPSM for EV propulsion. Chapter 5 presents the experimental study on the indirect (via stator-current regulation) torque control and on the DTFC of a double-layer IMPSM prototype. In the last chapter, general conclusions oof the thesis research are drawn, and some suggestions are given for the future work in the same area
Wu, Zhenwei. "Conception optimale d'un entraînement électrique pour la chaîne de traction d'un véhicule hybride électrique : Co-conception des machines électriques, des convertisseurs de puissance et du réducteur planétaire." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838732.
Повний текст джерелаAchour, Tahar. "Continuité de service d'une chaîne de traction ferroviaire asynchrone répartie." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870610.
Повний текст джерелаTebbani, Sihem. "Optimisation de transferts quasi-circulaires par approche directe." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0013.
Повний текст джерелаPop, Adrian-Cornel. "Switched reluctance motors for electric vehicle propulsion: optimal machine design and control." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209569.
Повний текст джерелаDaguse, Benjamin. "Modélisation analytique pour le dimensionnement par optimisation d'une machine dédiée à une chaîne de traction hybride à dominante électrique." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00963620.
Повний текст джерелаDaguse, Benjamin. "Modélisation analytique pour le dimensionnement par optimisation d’une machine dédiée à une chaîne de traction hybride à dominante électrique." Thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013SUPL0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis aims at the modelling and optimisation of electrical machine for an automotive application.The first part shows the constraints required to electric/hybrid automotive specifications. A clustering method which allows to reduce evaluations number of the operating points is described. Next, an optimal pre-sizing of the machine is presented and designed in order to respect this optimal pre-sizing.In what follows an accurate and fast analytical electromagnetic modelling of the machine is performed. Well, the analytical modelling developed is related to a genetic algorithm. Two solutions of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) designed to automotive application are finally showed and analysed
Langelier, Marie-Kiki. "Commande optimale d'un satellite à propulsion électrique utilisant les perturbations pour l'élimination des débris orbitaux en basse altitude." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9457.
Повний текст джерелаMarmuse, Florian. "Iodine plasmas : experimental and numerical studies. Application to electric propulsion." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS110.
Повний текст джерелаIodine is an alternative propellant for the electric propulsion of satellites, offering performances comparable to xenon. As of 2020, propulsion systems running on iodine are already on the market. These good performances are linked to the very low dissociation energy of I2, leading to a plasma similar to an atomic xenon plasma. To which extent can the molecular and electronegative nature of iodine plasmas be neglected? An existing global model for I2 plasmas is further developed and fully recoded in python, to enable fast parametric studies, uncertainty quantification, and integrate electronegative effects. Tools and processes are developed to ensure the safety of operators and experimental setups during iodine experiments. Four optical diagnostics are developed and installed on the ionization chamber of the PEGASES thruster. They lead for the first time to the density and temperature of I, and the density of I2: emission spectroscopy, laser absorption coupled to Doppler-free saturated absorption spectroscopy at 10969 cm−1 and 11036 cm−1, laser absorption spectroscopy at 7603 cm−1, and broadband absorption spectroscopy from 480nm to 500nm. Langmuir probe measurements yield the electron density and temperature. Confronting this data to the model shows that the model overestimates the molecular dissociation and the electron density. These discrepancies can be partly explained by underestimated power losses phenomena in the plasma, possibly linked to its molecular and electronegative nature. This work gives leads for future theoretical work and diagnostics on I2 plasmas. It proposes an updated model and a set of new diagnostics for use to further develop propulsion systems
Charoy, Thomas. "Numerical study of electron transport in Hall thrusters." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX046.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last decade, the number of satellites orbiting around Earth has grown exponentially. Thanks to their low propellant consumption, more and more electric thrusters are now used aboard these satellites, with the Hall thrusters being one of the most efficient. From the diversity of applications stems the need of widening the thruster power capabilities. However, due to a lack of knowledge on Hall thruster physics, this scaling is currently done empirically, which limits the efficiency of the newly developed thrusters and increases the development time and cost. To overcome this issue, numerical models can be used but a deeper understanding on key phenomena is still needed, more specifically on the electron anomalous transport which should be self-consistently accounted for to properly capture the discharge behaviour.As this transport is related to the azimuthal electron drift instability, an existing 2D Particle-In-Cell code was further developed to simulate this azimuthal direction along with the axial direction in which the ions are accelerated, producing the thrust. Prior to analyse the discharge behaviour, this code has been verified on a benchmark case, with 6 other PIC codes developed in different international research groups. This simplified case was later used to stress-test previous analytical developments to approximate the instability-enhanced electron-ion friction force which represents the contribution of the azimuthal instabilities to the anomalous transport. Then, the neutral dynamics has been included to capture the full self-consistent behaviour of the discharge. We used an artificial scaling technique, increasing the vacuum permittivity, to relax the PIC stability constraints and speed-up the simulations. Thanks to an efficient code parallelisation, we managed to reduce this scaling factor to a small value, hence simulating a case close to reality. The electron-ion friction force was found to be the main contributor to the anomalous transport throughout the whole low-frequency breathing mode oscillations. Finally, the complex interaction between the breathing mode, the ion-transit time instabilities and the azimuthal electron drift instabilities has been studied, with the formation of long-wavelength structures associated with an enhanced anomalous transport
Renard, Sylvain. "Validation «Hardware in the loop » de l’architecture de commande embarquée du groupe moto-propulseur hybride pour véhicules industriels." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0131/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерела[The development of vehicles less polluting leads to more complex electronic architectures related to the powertrain, which increases the risk of failure. The main objective of our work is to develop a HIL (Hardware In the Loop) simulation platform in order to verify the electronic system compliance, in charge of a parallel hybrid powertrain management, in relation to its specifications. From verification plans analysis, we have defined a method to build a specification booklet for the HIL platform development; the aim was to define the necessary area and the type of the required modelling to cover the complete verification plan. A special care has been brought in the development of the models of electrical machine, DC/AC converter or gearbox with the help of bond graph language. The efficiency of this method has been proved with the effective achievement of ECU verification plans. . ]
Souffran, Gwenaëlle. "Dimensionnement de la chaîne de traction d'un véhicule électrique hybride basé sur une modélisation stochastique de ses profils de mission." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782511.
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