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1
Bennas, Nard, and Carmen Elisa Sàinz-Cantero. "Coléoptères aquatiques Adephaga de la chaîne rifaine marocaine (Coleoptera Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae, Hygrobiidae, Dytiscidae)." Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 85, no. 1 (June 30, 2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/memoriesei.2006.31.
Анотація:
Une étude sur 4041 individus adultes de Coléoptères aquatiques Adephaga récoltés dans diverses localités de la chaîne rifaine marocaine a permis l’identification de 61 espèces dont une (<em>Hydroporus memnonius</em>) s’avère nouvelle pour le Maroc et 6 pour le territoire rifain. Les données obtenues lors des prospections et la compilation des citations bibliographiques concernant ce groupe d’insectes, ont permis la réalisation de l’inventaire des 81 espèces connues jusqu’à présent pour les neuf provinces faisant partie du Rif.
2
Mas, Élodie. "Las evidencias de producción en material malacológico: análisis tecnológico de las colecciones de Sayula (Jalisco)." Revista Trace, no. 76 (July 31, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.76.2019.129.
Анотація:
Durante el periodo comprendido entre 450 y 1000 d.C., las conchas marinas desempeñan un papel fundamental en las dinámicas socioeconómicas y culturales de las poblaciones asentadas en la región de la cuenca de Sayula. El material malacológico asociado a este periodo ofrece datos inéditos por contar con numerosas evidencias de producción que reflejan una manufactura local de ornamentos de concha. Esta investigación se presenta como una guía metodológica, enfocada al análisis de huellas técnicas, que permite clasificar cada pieza según su grado de transformación y determinar su lugar en la cadena operativa. Finalmente, más allá de la recopilación de datos primarios se obtiene un acercamiento a los comportamientos técnicos de los artesanos prehispánicos.Abstract: During the period from 450 to 1000 A.D. marine shells play an essential role in the socio-economic and cultural dynamics of the populations settled in the region of the Sayula basin. The malacological material associated with this period offers unknown data, since it has many evidences of production that reveal the local manufacture of seashell ornaments. This research is presented as a methodological guide, focused on the analysis of technical traces, in order to classify each object according to its degree of transformation and determine its place in the operative chain. Additionally, besides the compilation of primary data, we can get to know the technical behavior of pre-Columbian artisans.Résumé : Durant la période comprise entre 450 et 1000 apr. J.-C., les coquillages jouent un rôle fondamental dans les dynamiques socio-économiques et culturelles des populations du bassin de Sayula. Les matériaux malacologiques associés à cette période fournissent des données inédites et des indices probants de l’existence d’une activité de manufacture locale d’ornements en coquillage. Cet article se présente comme un guide méthodologique centré sur l’analyse des traces techniques permettant de classer chaque pièce en fonction de son degré de transformation et de déterminer sa position au sein de la chaîne opératoire. Enfin, au-delà d’une compilation des données primaires, notre recherche propose une approche des comportements techniques des artisans de l’époque préhispanique.
3
Jovanovic, S., and S. Weber. "Modélisation SystemC-TLM de systèmes à base de processeur." J3eA 18 (2019): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/j3ea/20191009.
Анотація:
Nous présentons un ensemble de travaux pratiques qui seront dispensés au sein du Master EEA - Électronique Embarquée à l'université de Lorraine dans le cadre du module « Modélisation SystemC ». Ces TP sont destinés à initier les étudiants à la modélisation de systèmes et circuits numériques en SystemC-TLM et sont organisés autour de la suite logicielle open source Eclipse et de la chaine de compilation gcc pour la simulation, test et vérification.
4
Prado, L. F., I. Wainer, C. M. Chiessi, M. P. Ledru, and B. Turcq. "Mid-Holocene climate reconstruction for eastern South America." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 29, 2012): 5925–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-5925-2012.
Анотація:
Abstract. The Mid-Holocene (6 ka BP) is a key period to the study of climate, since it presented lower than present incoming summer insolation in the Southern Hemisphere, and the opposite in the Northern Hemisphere. This happened due to a different than present configuration of the orbital parameters. To investigate the effects of insolation on the Mid-Holocene climate, some global and regional multiproxy palaeodata compilations have been elaborated. However, few global studies have focused on the Southern Hemisphere, and none of the regional ones have characterized the Mid-Holocene climate in South America through a multiproxy approach. Here we present the first multiproxy compilation to the Mid-Holocene climate in eastern South America. We have compiled 120 palaeoclimatological data, published in 84 different papers. The palaeodata analyzed suggest a water deficit scenario in great part of eastern South America during Mid-Holocene, except for Northeastern Brazil. Nonetheless, further sampling is mandatory in South America and in the adjacent ocean basins.
5
Suhaciov, Nikolaj, and Svetlana Kokoškina. "La géographie linguistique en Union soviétique : les atlas linguistiques." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 40 (October 12, 2014): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2014.677.
Анотація:
Cet article aborde l’évolution de la recherche dialectologique en Union soviétique dès les origines jusqu’aux années 1980. Il suit en détail les principes et les méthodes de compilation des atlas linguistiques sur le matériau des langues slaves. Deux écoles de géographie linguistique, leningradoise et moscovite, ont coexisté et développé chacune une approche originale du matériau linguistique. Les auteurs cherchent à décrypter les principes linguistiques adoptés, les visées des auteurs des atlas, et, surtout, les zones décrites.
6
Peterson, Carlye D., та Lorraine E. Lisiecki. "Deglacial carbon cycle changes observed in a compilation of 127 benthic <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C time series (20–6 ka)". Climate of the Past 14, № 8 (16 серпня 2018): 1229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1229-2018.
Анотація:
Abstract. We present a compilation of 127 time series δ13C records from Cibicides wuellerstorfi spanning the last deglaciation (20–6 ka) which is well-suited for reconstructing large-scale carbon cycle changes, especially for comparison with isotope-enabled carbon cycle models. The age models for the δ13C records are derived from regional planktic radiocarbon compilations (Stern and Lisiecki, 2014). The δ13C records were stacked in nine different regions and then combined using volume-weighted averages to create intermediate, deep, and global δ13C stacks. These benthic δ13C stacks are used to reconstruct changes in the size of the terrestrial biosphere and deep ocean carbon storage. The timing of change in global mean δ13C is interpreted to indicate terrestrial biosphere expansion from 19–6 ka. The δ13C gradient between the intermediate and deep ocean, which we interpret as a proxy for deep ocean carbon storage, matches the pattern of atmospheric CO2 change observed in ice core records. The presence of signals associated with the terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric CO2 indicates that the compiled δ13C records have sufficient spatial coverage and time resolution to accurately reconstruct large-scale carbon cycle changes during the glacial termination.
7
Christiansen, B., and F. C. Ljungqvist. "The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability." Climate of the Past 8, no. 2 (April 18, 2012): 765–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-765-2012.
Анотація:
Abstract. We present two new multi-proxy reconstructions of the extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere (30–90° N) mean temperature: a two-millennia long reconstruction reaching back to 1 AD and a 500-yr long reconstruction reaching back to 1500 AD. The reconstructions are based on compilations of 32 and 91 proxies, respectively, of which only little more than half pass a screening procedure and are included in the actual reconstructions. The proxies are of different types and of different resolutions (annual, annual-to-decadal, and decadal) but all have previously been shown to relate to local or regional temperature. We use a reconstruction method, LOCal (LOC), that recently has been shown to confidently reproduce low-frequency variability. Confidence intervals are obtained by an ensemble pseudo-proxy method that both estimates the variance and the bias of the reconstructions. The two-millennia long reconstruction shows a well defined Medieval Warm Period, with a peak warming ca. 950–1050 AD reaching 0.6 °C relative to the reference period 1880–1960 AD. The 500-yr long reconstruction confirms previous results obtained with the LOC method applied to a smaller proxy compilation; in particular it shows the Little Ice Age cumulating in 1580–1720 AD with a temperature minimum of −1.0 °C below the reference period. The reconstructed local temperatures, the magnitude of which are subject to wide confidence intervals, show a rather geographically homogeneous Little Ice Age, while more geographical inhomogeneities are found for the Medieval Warm Period. Reconstructions based on different subsets of proxies show only small differences, suggesting that LOC reconstructs 50-yr smoothed extra-tropical NH mean temperatures well and that low-frequency noise in the proxies is a relatively small problem.
8
Albani, S., N. M. Mahowald, G. Winckler, R. F. Anderson, L. I. Bradtmiller, B. Delmonte, R. François, et al. "Twelve thousand years of dust: the Holocene global dust cycle constrained by natural archives." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 6 (November 13, 2014): 4277–363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-4277-2014.
Анотація:
Abstract. Mineral dust plays an important role in the climate system by interacting with radiation, clouds, and biogeochemical cycles. In addition, natural archives show that the dust cycle experienced variability in the past in response to global and local climate change. The compilation of the DIRTMAP paleodust datasets in the last two decades provided a target for paleoclimate models that include the dust cycle, following a time slice approach. We propose an innovative framework to organize a paleodust dataset that moves on from the positive experience of DIRTMAP and takes into account new scientific challenges, by providing a concise and accessible dataset of temporally resolved records of dust mass accumulation rates and particle grain-size distributions. We consider data from ice cores, marine sediments, loess/paleosol sequences, lake sediments, and peat bogs for this compilation, with a temporal focus on the Holocene period. This global compilation allows investigation of the potential, uncertainties and confidence level of dust mass accumulation rates reconstructions, and highlights the importance of dust particle size information for accurate and quantitative reconstructions of the dust cycle. After applying criteria that help to establish that the data considered represent changes in dust deposition, 43 paleodust records have been identified, with the highest density of dust deposition data occurring in the North Atlantic region. Although the temporal evolution of dust in the North Atlantic appears consistent across several cores and suggest that minimum dust fluxes are likely observed during the Early to mid-Holocene period (6000–8000 years ago), the magnitude of dust fluxes in these observations is not fully consistent, suggesting that more work needs to be done to synthesize datasets for the Holocene. Based on the data compilation, we used the Community Earth System Model to estimate the mass balance and variability of the global dust cycle during the Holocene, with dust load ranging from 17.1 to 20.5 Tg between 2000 and 10 000 years ago, and a minimum in the Early to Mid-Holocene (6000–8000 years ago).
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Albani, S., N. M. Mahowald, G. Winckler, R. F. Anderson, L. I. Bradtmiller, B. Delmonte, R. François, et al. "Twelve thousand years of dust: the Holocene global dust cycle constrained by natural archives." Climate of the Past 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2015): 869–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-869-2015.
Анотація:
Abstract. Mineral dust plays an important role in the climate system by interacting with radiation, clouds, and biogeochemical cycles. In addition, natural archives show that the dust cycle experienced variability in the past in response to global and local climate change. The compilation of the DIRTMAP (Dust Indicators and Records from Terrestrial and MArine Palaeoenvironments) paleodust data sets in the last 2 decades provided a benchmark for paleoclimate models that include the dust cycle, following a time slice approach. We propose an innovative framework to organize a paleodust data set that builds on the positive experience of DIRTMAP and takes into account new scientific challenges by providing a concise and accessible data set of temporally resolved records of dust mass accumulation rates and particle grain size distributions. We consider data from ice cores, marine sediments, loess–paleosol sequences, lake sediments, and peat bogs for this compilation, with a temporal focus on the Holocene period. This global compilation allows the investigation of the potential, uncertainties, and confidence level of dust mass accumulation rate reconstructions and highlights the importance of dust particle size information for accurate and quantitative reconstructions of the dust cycle. After applying criteria that help to establish that the data considered represent changes in dust deposition, 45 paleodust records have been identified, with the highest density of dust deposition data occurring in the North Atlantic region. Although the temporal evolution of dust in the North Atlantic appears consistent across several cores and suggests that minimum dust fluxes are likely observed during the early to mid-Holocene period (6000–8000 years ago), the magnitude of dust fluxes in these observations is not fully consistent, suggesting that more work needs to be done to synthesize data sets for the Holocene. Based on the data compilation, we used the Community Earth System Model to estimate the mass balance of and variability in the global dust cycle during the Holocene, with dust loads ranging from 17.2 to 20.8 Tg between 2000 and 10 000 years ago and with a minimum in the early to mid-Holocene (6000–8000 years ago).
10
Nieto Masot, Ana, and José Luis Gurría Gascón. "Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities (Second Edition)." Land 13, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010104.
Анотація:
In 2021, a book entitled “Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities” was launched as a compilation of 16 papers and published in a Special Issue of the journal Land [...]
11
Chastang, Pierre, Laurent Feller, and Jean-Marie Martin. "Autour de l’édition du Registrum Petri Diaconi. Problèmes de documentation cassinésienne : chartes, rouleaux, registre." Mélanges de l École française de Rome Moyen Âge 121, no. 1 (2009): 99–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mefr.2009.9487.
Анотація:
Le Registrum Petri Diaconi, cartulaire général du Mont-Cassin compilé entre 1131 et 1133, dont on prépare l’édition, a déjà été mis en rapports avec les Chronica monasterii Casinensis. Il est, en outre, le seul des grands cartulaires compilés à cette époque dans l’Italie centro-méridionale que l’on peut confronter aux archives de l’abbaye, dont l’essentiel a été préservé. Environ 160 des 716 documents qu’il contient sont encore conservés en originaux, d’autres sous la forme de copies anciennes, dont certaines se trouvent dans des registres et autres manuscrits de l’abbaye, qui possède également d’importantes compilations du XVIIIe siècle. On en donne la liste. La comparaison permet d’évaluer précisément le travail des compilateurs. On peut encore le confronter aux regestes contenus dans deux rotuli conservés à l’Archivio, qui lui sont pratiquement contemporains. Le rotulus V2, sans doute compilé sous la direction de Pierre Diacre, contient les regestes de 320 documents. Il a la même organisation générale que le cartulaire, dans lequel sont copiés, pratiquement dans le même ordre, les documents qu’il enregistre. Il est donc l’un des modèles suivis pour établir le cartulaire. En outre, son analyse permet de diviser ce dernier en sections, chacune sans doute confiée à un groupe de scribes ; certaines suivent V2, d’autres ont dû prendre d’autres modèles. On donne une édition du rotulus V 2 et un tableau de correspondance entre le contenu du rouleau et celui du Registrum Petri Diaconi. registres et autres manuscrits de l’abbaye, qui possède également d’importantes compilations du XVIIIe siècle. On en donne la liste. La comparaison permet d’évaluer précisément le travail des compilateurs. On peut encore le confronter aux regestes contenus dans deux rotuli conservés à l’Archivio, qui lui sont pratiquement contemporains. Le rotulus V2, sans doute compilé sous la direction de Pierre Diacre, contient les regestes de 320 documents. Il a la même organisation générale que le cartulaire, dans lequel sont copiés, pratiquement dans le même ordre, les documents qu’il enregistre. Il est donc l’un des modèles suivis pour établir le cartulaire. En outre, son analyse permet de diviser ce dernier en sections, chacune sans doute confiée à un groupe de scribes ; certaines suivent V2, d’autres ont dû prendre d’autres modèles. On donne une édition du rotulus V 2 et un tableau de correspondance entre le contenu du rouleau et celui du Registrum Petri Diaconi.
12
Chadwick, Matthew, Xavier Crosta, Oliver Esper, Lena Thöle, and Karen E. Kohfeld. "Compilation of Southern Ocean sea-ice records covering the last glacial-interglacial cycle (12–130 ka)." Climate of the Past 18, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1815-2022.
Анотація:
Abstract. Antarctic sea ice forms a critical part of the Southern Ocean and global climate system. The behaviour of Antarctic sea ice throughout the last glacial-interglacial (G-IG) cycle (12 000–130 000 years) allows us to investigate the interactions between sea ice and climate under a large range of mean climate states. Understanding both temporal and spatial variations in Antarctic sea ice across a G-IG cycle is crucial to a better understanding of the G-IG regulation of atmospheric CO2, ocean circulation, nutrient cycling and productivity. This study presents 28 published qualitative and quantitative estimates of G-IG sea ice from 24 marine sediment cores and an Antarctic ice core. Sea ice is reconstructed from the sediment core records using diatom assemblages and from the ice core record using sea-salt sodium flux. Whilst all regions of the Southern Ocean display the same overall pattern in G-IG sea-ice variations, the magnitudes and timings vary between regions. Sea-ice cover is most sensitive to changing climate in the regions of high sea-ice outflow from the Weddell Sea and Ross Sea gyres, as indicated by the greatest magnitude changes in sea ice in these areas. In contrast the Scotia Sea sea-ice cover is much more resilient to moderate climatic warming, likely due to the meltwater stratification from high iceberg flux through “iceberg alley” helping to sustain high sea-ice cover outside of full glacial intervals. The differing sensitivities of sea ice to climatic shifts between different regions of the Southern Ocean has important implications for the spatial pattern of nutrient supply and primary productivity, which subsequently impact carbon uptake and atmospheric CO2 concentrations changes across a G-IG cycle.
13
Lang, N., and E. W. Wolff. "Interglacial and glacial variability from the last 800 ka in marine, ice and terrestrial archives." Climate of the Past 7, no. 2 (April 21, 2011): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-361-2011.
Анотація:
Abstract. We have compiled 37 ice, marine and terrestrial palaeoclimate records covering the last 800 000 years in order to assess the pattern of glacial and interglacial strength, and termination amplitude. Records were selected based on their length, completeness and resolution, and their age models were updated, where required, by alignment to the LR04 benthic δ18O stack. The resulting compilation allows comparison of individual glacial to interglacial transitions with confidence, but the level of synchronisation is inadequate for discussion of temporal phasing. The comparison of interglacials and glacials concentrates on the peaks immediately before and after terminations; particularly strong and weak glacials and interglacials have been identified. This confirms that strong interglacials are confined to the last 450 ka, and that this is a globally robust pattern; however weak interglacials (i.e. marine isotope stage 7) can still occur in this later period. Strong glacial periods are also concentrated in the recent half of the records, although marine isotope stage 16 is strong in many δ18O records. Strong interglacials, particularly in the marine isotopic records, tend to follow strong glacials, suggesting that we should not expect interglacial strength to be strongly influenced by the instantaneous astronomical forcing. Many interglacials have a complex structure, with multiple peaks and troughs whose origin needs to be understood. However this compilation emphasises the under-representation of terrestrial environments and highlights the need for long palaeoclimate records from these areas. The main result of this work is the compiled datasets and maps of interglacial strength which provide a target for modelling studies and for conceptual understanding.
14
Lang, N., and E. W. Wolff. "Interglacial and glacial variability from the last 800 ka in marine, ice and terrestrial archives." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 5 (October 15, 2010): 2223–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-2223-2010.
Анотація:
Abstract. We have compiled 37 ice, marine and terrestrial palaeoclimate records covering the last 800 000 years in order to assess the pattern of glacial and interglacial strength, and termination amplitude. Records were selected based on their length, completeness and resolution, and their age models were updated, where required, by alignment to the LR04 benthic δ18O stack. The resulting compilation allows comparison of individual glacial to interglacial transitions with confidence, but the level of synchronisation is inadequate for discussion of temporal phasing. The comparison of interglacials and glacials concentrates on the peaks immediately before and after terminations; particularly strong and weak glacials and interglacials have been identified. This confirms that strong interglacials are confined to the last 450 ka, and that this is a globally robust pattern; however weak interglacials (i.e. marine isotope stage 7) can still occur in this later period. Strong glacial periods are also concentrated in the recent half of the records, although marine isotope stage 16 is strong in many δ18O records. Strong glacials show some tendency to be followed by strong interglacials, suggesting that we should not expect interglacial strength to be strongly influenced by the instantaneous orbital forcing. Many interglacials have a complex structure, with multiple peaks and troughs whose origin needs to be understood. However this compilation emphasises the under-representation of terrestrial environments and highlights the need for long palaeoclimate records from these areas. The main result of this work is the compiled datasets and maps of interglacial strength which provide a target for modelling studies and for conceptual understanding.
15
Mairesse, A., H. Goosse, P. Mathiot, H. Wanner, and S. Dubinkina. "Investigating the consistency between proxies and between proxies and models using data assimilation: a mid-Holocene case study." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 4 (July 12, 2013): 3953–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-3953-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. The mid-Holocene (6 thousand years before present) is a key period to study the consistency between model results and proxy data as it corresponds to a standard test for models and a reasonable number of proxy records are available. Taking advantage of this relatively large amount of information, we have first compared a compilation of 50 air and sea surface temperature reconstructions with the results of three simulations performed with general circulation models and one carried out with LOVECLIM, a model of intermediate complexity. The conclusions derived from this analysis confirm that models and data agree on the large-scale spatial pattern but underestimate the magnitude of some observed changes and that large discrepancies are observed at the local scale. To further investigate the origin of those inconsistencies, we have constrained LOVECLIM to follow the signal recorded by the proxies selected in the compilation using a data assimilation method based on a particle filter. In one simulation, all the 50 proxies are used while in the other two, only the continental or oceanic proxies constrains the model results. This assimilation improves the consistency between model results and the reconstructions. In particular, this is achieved in a robust way in all the experiments through a strengthening of the westerlies at mid-latitude that warms up the Northern Europe. Furthermore, the comparison of the LOVECLIM simulations with and without data assimilation has also objectively identified 16 proxies whose reconstructed signal is either incompatible with the one recorded by some other proxies or with model physics.
16
Larocca, Laura J., and Yarrow Axford. "Arctic glaciers and ice caps through the Holocene:a circumpolar synthesis of lake-based reconstructions." Climate of the Past 18, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 579–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-579-2022.
Анотація:
Abstract. The recent retreat of nearly all glaciers and ice caps (GICs) located in Arctic regions is one of the most clear and visible signs of ongoing climate change. This paper synthesizes published records of Holocene GIC fluctuations from lake archives, placing their recent retreat into a longer-term context. Our compilation includes 66 lake-based GIC records (plus one non-lake-based record from the Russian Arctic) from seven Arctic regions: Alaska, Baffin Island in northeastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, the Scandinavian peninsula, Svalbard, and the Russian high Arctic. For each region and for the full Arctic, we summarize evidence for when GICs were smaller than today or absent altogether, indicating warmer-than-present summers, and evidence for when GICs regrew in lake catchments, indicating summer cooling. Consistent with orbitally driven high boreal summer insolation in the early Holocene, the full Arctic compilation suggests that the majority (50 % or more) of studied GICs were smaller than present or absent by ∼10 ka. We find the highest percentage (>90 %) of Arctic GICs smaller than present or absent in the middle Holocene at ∼ 7–6 ka, probably reflecting more spatially ubiquitous and consistent summer warmth during this period than in the early Holocene. Following this interval of widespread warmth, our compilation shows that GICs across the Arctic began to regrow and summers began to cool by ∼6 ka. Together, the Arctic records also suggest two periods of enhanced GIC growth in the middle to late Holocene from ∼ 4.5–3 and after ∼2 ka. The regional records show variability in the timing of GIC regrowth within and between regions, suggesting that the Arctic did not cool synchronously despite the smooth and hemispherically symmetric decline in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. In agreement with other studies, this implies a combined response to glacier-specific characteristics such as topography and to other climatic forcings and feedback mechanisms, perhaps driving periods of increased regional cooling. Today, the direction of orbital forcing continues to favor GIC expansion; however, the rapid retreat of nearly all Arctic GICs underscores the current dominance of anthropogenic forcing on GIC mass balance. Our review finds that in the first half of the Holocene, most of the Arctic's small GICs became significantly reduced or melted away completely in response to summer temperatures that, on average, were only moderately warmer than today. In comparison, future projections of temperature change in the Arctic far exceed estimated early Holocene values in most locations, portending the eventual loss of most of the Arctic's small GICs.
17
Reschke, Maria, Kira Rehfeld, and Thomas Laepple. "Empirical estimate of the signal content of Holocene temperature proxy records." Climate of the Past 15, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-521-2019.
Анотація:
Abstract. Proxy records from climate archives provide evidence about past climate changes, but the recorded signal is affected by non-climate-related effects as well as time uncertainty. As proxy-based climate reconstructions are frequently used to test climate models and to quantitatively infer past climate, we need to improve our understanding of the proxy record signal content as well as the uncertainties involved. In this study, we empirically estimate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of temperature proxy records used in global compilations of the middle to late Holocene (last 6000 years). This is achieved through a comparison of the correlation of proxy time series from nearby sites of three compilations and model time series extracted at the proxy sites from two transient climate model simulations: a Holocene simulation of the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model and the Holocene part of the TraCE-21ka simulation. In all comparisons, we found the mean correlations of the proxy time series on centennial to millennial timescales to be low (R<0.2), even for nearby sites, which resulted in low SNR estimates. The estimated SNRs depend on the assumed time uncertainty of the proxy records, the timescale analysed, and the model simulation used. Using the spatial correlation structure of the ECHAM5/MPI-OM simulation, the estimated SNRs on centennial timescales ranged from 0.05 – assuming no time uncertainty – to 0.5 for a time uncertainty of 400 years. On millennial timescales, the estimated SNRs were generally higher. Use of the TraCE-21ka correlation structure generally resulted in lower SNR estimates than for ECHAM5/MPI-OM. As the number of available high-resolution proxy records continues to grow, a more detailed analysis of the signal content of specific proxy types should become feasible in the near future. The estimated low signal content of Holocene temperature compilations should caution against over-interpretation of these multi-proxy and multisite syntheses until further studies are able to facilitate a better characterisation of the signal content in paleoclimate records.
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Basu, Sayak, Sambit Ghosh, and Prasanta Sanyal. "Spatial heterogeneity in the relationship between precipitation and carbon isotopic discrimination in C3 plants: Inferences from a global compilation." Global and Planetary Change 176 (May 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.02.002.
19
Chimani, Barbara, Christoph Matulla, Johann Hiebl, Theresa Schellander-Gorgas, Douglas Maraun, Thomas Mendlik, Josef Eitzinger, Gerhard Kubu, and Sabina Thaler. "Compilation of a guideline providing comprehensive information on freely available climate change data and facilitating their efficient retrieval." Climate Services 19 (August 2020): 100179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100179.
20
Meister, Philip, Anne Alexandre, Hannah Bailey, Philip Barker, Boris K. Biskaborn, Ellie Broadman, Rosine Cartier, et al. "A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment – trends and implications for climate reconstruction." Climate of the Past 20, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): 363–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024.
Анотація:
Abstract. Oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica (δ18OBSi) from lake sediments allow for quantitative reconstruction of past hydroclimate and proxy-model comparison in terrestrial environments. The signals of individual records have been attributed to different factors, such as air temperature (Tair), atmospheric circulation patterns, hydrological changes, and lake evaporation. While every lake has its own local set of drivers of δ18O variability, here we explore the extent to which regional or even global signals emerge from a series of paleoenvironmental records. This study provides a comprehensive compilation and combined statistical evaluation of the existing lake sediment δ18OBSi records, largely missing in other summary publications (i.e. PAGES network). For this purpose, we have identified and compiled 71 down-core records published to date and complemented these datasets with additional lake basin parameters (e.g. lake water residence time and catchment size) to best characterize the signal properties. Records feature widely different temporal coverage and resolution, ranging from decadal-scale records covering the past 150 years to records with multi-millennial-scale resolution spanning glacial–interglacial cycles. The best coverage in number of records (N = 37) and data points (N = 2112) is available for Northern Hemispheric (NH) extratropical regions throughout the Holocene (roughly corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 1; MIS 1). To address the different variabilities and temporal offsets, records were brought to a common temporal resolution by binning and subsequently filtered for hydrologically open lakes with lake water residence times < 100 years. For mid- to high-latitude (> 45° N) lakes, we find common δ18OBSi patterns among the lake records during both the Holocene and Common Era (CE). These include maxima and minima corresponding to known climate episodes, such as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Neoglacial Cooling, Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). These patterns are in line with long-term air temperature changes supported by previously published climate reconstructions from other archives, as well as Holocene summer insolation changes. In conclusion, oxygen isotope records from NH extratropical lake sediments feature a common climate signal at centennial (for CE) and millennial (for Holocene) timescales despite stemming from different lakes in different geographic locations and hence constitute a valuable proxy for past climate reconstructions.
21
Mairesse, A., H. Goosse, P. Mathiot, H. Wanner, and S. Dubinkina. "Investigating the consistency between proxy-based reconstructions and climate models using data assimilation: a mid-Holocene case study." Climate of the Past 9, no. 6 (December 6, 2013): 2741–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2741-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. The mid-Holocene (6 kyr BP; thousand years before present) is a key period to study the consistency between model results and proxy-based reconstruction data as it corresponds to a standard test for models and a reasonable number of proxy-based records is available. Taking advantage of this relatively large amount of information, we have compared a compilation of 50 air and sea surface temperature reconstructions with the results of three simulations performed with general circulation models and one carried out with LOVECLIM, a model of intermediate complexity. The conclusions derived from this analysis confirm that models and data agree on the large-scale spatial pattern but the models underestimate the magnitude of some observed changes and that large discrepancies are observed at the local scale. To further investigate the origin of those inconsistencies, we have constrained LOVECLIM to follow the signal recorded by the proxies selected in the compilation using a data-assimilation method based on a particle filter. In one simulation, all the 50 proxy-based records are used while in the other two only the continental or oceanic proxy-based records constrain the model results. As expected, data assimilation leads to improving the consistency between model results and the reconstructions. In particular, this is achieved in a robust way in all the experiments through a strengthening of the westerlies at midlatitude that warms up northern Europe. Furthermore, the comparison of the LOVECLIM simulations with and without data assimilation has also objectively identified 16 proxy-based paleoclimate records whose reconstructed signal is either incompatible with the signal recorded by some other proxy-based records or with model physics.
22
Clark, Autumn S., Devan Allen McGranahan, Benjamin A. Geaumont, Carissa L. Wonkka, Jacqueline P. Ott, and Urs P. Kreuter. "Barriers to Prescribed Fire in the US Great Plains, Part I: Systematic Review of Socio-Ecological Research." Land 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091521.
Анотація:
Prescribed fire is increasingly being considered as a viable management tool by public and private land managers. Fully expanding prescribed fire use in a land management context, where it is an ecologically effective but not commonly applied tool, requires a comprehensive understanding of barriers that limit prescribed fire, especially in working rangelands of the North American Great Plains. While there is an emerging body of work on the perceptions of prescribed fire, there has yet to be a compilation of the research. We present a systematic review of the published literature on the perceptions and attitudes of land managers towards prescribed fire in the Great Plains in an effort to provide a social-ecological perspective on the issue. The aim is to share the methods used to assess social perceptions of prescribed fire in the Great Plains and regional distribution of these studies as well as to identify perceived barriers and limitations that restrict the use of prescribed fire by reviewing studies primarily located in the Great Plains ecoregion and focused on perceptions of fire. Surveys were the most commonly used method to assess social perceptions, with most research concentrated in the southern Great Plains. Barriers included a range of social, informational, practical, and regulatory concerns. This compilation of research synthesizes the current knowledge regarding social perceptions of and potential barriers to prescribed fire use so that fire practitioners and communities considering prescribed fire use for rangeland management have the most current information to make sound decisions.
23
Mohammadi, Forogh, Hossein Mahmoudi, Yasaman Ranjbaran, and Faraham Ahmadzadeh. "Compilation and prioritizing human-wildlife conflict management strategies using the WASPAS method in Iran." Environmental Challenges 7 (April 2022): 100482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100482.
24
Kageyama, Masa, Louise C. Sime, Marie Sicard, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Anne de Vernal, Ruediger Stein, David Schroeder, et al. "A multi-model CMIP6-PMIP4 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: sea ice data compilation and model differences." Climate of the Past 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021.
Анотація:
Abstract. The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, which results in strong changes in the terrestrial and marine cryosphere. Understanding the mechanisms for this response via climate modelling and comparing the models' representation of climate reconstructions is one of the objectives set up by the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project for its contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Here we analyse the results from 16 climate models in terms of Arctic sea ice. The multi-model mean reduction in minimum sea ice area from the pre industrial period (PI) to the LIG reaches 50 % (multi-model mean LIG area is 3.20×106 km2, compared to 6.46×106 km2 for the PI). On the other hand, there is little change for the maximum sea ice area (which is 15–16×106 km2 for both the PI and the LIG. To evaluate the model results we synthesise LIG sea ice data from marine cores collected in the Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic. The reconstructions for the northern North Atlantic show year-round ice-free conditions, and most models yield results in agreement with these reconstructions. Model–data disagreement appear for the sites in the Nordic Seas close to Greenland and at the edge of the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost site with good chronology, for which a sea ice concentration larger than 75 % is reconstructed even in summer, discriminates those models which simulate too little sea ice. However, the remaining models appear to simulate too much sea ice over the two sites south of the northernmost one, for which the reconstructed sea ice cover is seasonal. Hence models either underestimate or overestimate sea ice cover for the LIG, and their bias does not appear to be related to their bias for the pre-industrial period. Drivers for the inter-model differences are different phasing of the up and down short-wave anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, which are associated with differences in model albedo; possible cloud property differences, in terms of optical depth; and LIG ocean circulation changes which occur for some, but not all, LIG simulations. Finally, we note that inter-comparisons between the LIG simulations and simulations for future climate with moderate (1 % yr−1) CO2 increase show a relationship between LIG sea ice and sea ice simulated under CO2 increase around the years of doubling CO2. The LIG may therefore yield insight into likely 21st century Arctic sea ice changes using these LIG simulations.
25
Kageyama, Masa, Louise C. Sime, Marie Sicard, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Anne de Vernal, Ruediger Stein, David Schroeder, et al. "A multi-model CMIP6-PMIP4 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: sea ice data compilation and model differences." Climate of the Past 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021.
Анотація:
Abstract. The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, which results in strong changes in the terrestrial and marine cryosphere. Understanding the mechanisms for this response via climate modelling and comparing the models' representation of climate reconstructions is one of the objectives set up by the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project for its contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Here we analyse the results from 16 climate models in terms of Arctic sea ice. The multi-model mean reduction in minimum sea ice area from the pre industrial period (PI) to the LIG reaches 50 % (multi-model mean LIG area is 3.20×106 km2, compared to 6.46×106 km2 for the PI). On the other hand, there is little change for the maximum sea ice area (which is 15–16×106 km2 for both the PI and the LIG. To evaluate the model results we synthesise LIG sea ice data from marine cores collected in the Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic. The reconstructions for the northern North Atlantic show year-round ice-free conditions, and most models yield results in agreement with these reconstructions. Model–data disagreement appear for the sites in the Nordic Seas close to Greenland and at the edge of the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost site with good chronology, for which a sea ice concentration larger than 75 % is reconstructed even in summer, discriminates those models which simulate too little sea ice. However, the remaining models appear to simulate too much sea ice over the two sites south of the northernmost one, for which the reconstructed sea ice cover is seasonal. Hence models either underestimate or overestimate sea ice cover for the LIG, and their bias does not appear to be related to their bias for the pre-industrial period. Drivers for the inter-model differences are different phasing of the up and down short-wave anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, which are associated with differences in model albedo; possible cloud property differences, in terms of optical depth; and LIG ocean circulation changes which occur for some, but not all, LIG simulations. Finally, we note that inter-comparisons between the LIG simulations and simulations for future climate with moderate (1 % yr−1) CO2 increase show a relationship between LIG sea ice and sea ice simulated under CO2 increase around the years of doubling CO2. The LIG may therefore yield insight into likely 21st century Arctic sea ice changes using these LIG simulations.
26
Baril, A., E. Garrett, G. A. Milne, W. R. Gehrels, and J. T. Kelley. "Postglacial relative sea-level changes in the Gulf of Maine, USA: Database compilation, assessment and modelling." Quaternary Science Reviews 306 (April 2023): 108027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108027.
27
Burke, Victoria, Doreen Richter, Ulrike Hass, Uwe Duennbier, Janek Greskowiak, and Gudrun Massmann. "Redox-dependent removal of 27 organic trace pollutants: compilation of results from tank aeration experiments." Environmental Earth Sciences 71, no. 8 (September 11, 2013): 3685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2762-8.
28
Chen, M. T., C. C. Huang, U. Pflaumann, C. Waelbroeck, and M. Kucera. "Estimating glacial western Pacific sea-surface temperature: methodological overview and data compilation of surface sediment planktic foraminifer faunas." Quaternary Science Reviews 24, no. 7-9 (April 2005): 1049–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.013.
29
Moreno, Ana, Anders Svensson, Stephen J. Brooks, Simon Connor, Stefan Engels, William Fletcher, Dominique Genty, et al. "A compilation of Western European terrestrial records 60–8 ka BP: towards an understanding of latitudinal climatic gradients." Quaternary Science Reviews 106 (December 2014): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.030.
30
Morrill, C., D. M. Anderson, B. A. Bauer, R. Buckner, E. P. Gille, W. S. Gross, M. Hartman, and A. Shah. "Proxy benchmarks for intercomparison of 8.2 ka simulations." Climate of the Past 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2013): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-423-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) now includes the 8.2 ka event as a test of model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing. To provide benchmarks for intercomparison, we compiled and analyzed high-resolution records spanning this event. Two previously-described anomaly patterns that emerge are cooling around the North Atlantic and drier conditions in the Northern Hemisphere tropics. Newer to this compilation are more robustly-defined wetter conditions in the Southern Hemisphere tropics and regionally-limited warming in the Southern Hemisphere. Most anomalies around the globe lasted on the order of 100 to 150 yr. More quantitative reconstructions are now available and indicate cooling of ~ 1 °C and a ~ 20% decrease in precipitation in parts of Europe as well as spatial gradients in δ18O from the high to low latitudes. Unresolved questions remain about the seasonality of the climate response to freshwater forcing and the extent to which the bipolar seesaw operated in the early Holocene.
31
Morrill, C., D. M. Anderson, B. A. Bauer, R. Buckner, E. P. Gille, W. S. Gross, M. Hartman, and A. Shah. "Proxy benchmarks for intercomparison of 8.2 ka simulations." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 16, 2012): 3765–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-3765-2012.
Анотація:
Abstract. The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) now includes the 8.2 ka event as a test of model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing. To provide benchmarks for intercomparison, we compiled and analyzed high-resolution records spanning this event. Two previously-described anomaly patterns that emerge are cooling around the North Atlantic and drier conditions in the Northern Hemisphere tropics. Newer to this compilation are more robustly-defined wetter conditions in the Southern Hemisphere tropics and regionally-limited warming in the Southern Hemisphere. Most anomalies around the globe lasted on the order of 100 to 150 yr. More quantitative reconstructions are now available and indicate cooling of 1.0 to 1.2 °C and a ~20% decrease in precipitation in parts of Europe, as well as spatial gradients in δ18O from the high to low latitudes. Unresolved questions remain about the seasonality of the climate response to freshwater forcing and the extent to which the bipolar seesaw operated in the early Holocene.
32
Klippel, Lara, Scott St. George, Ulf Büntgen, Paul J. Krusic, and Jan Esper. "Differing pre-industrial cooling trends between tree rings and lower-resolution temperature proxies." Climate of the Past 16, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-729-2020.
Анотація:
Abstract. The new PAGES2k global compilation of temperature-sensitive proxies offers an unprecedented opportunity to study regional to global trends associated with orbitally driven changes in solar irradiance over the past 2 millennia. Here, we analyze pre-industrial long-term trends from 1 to 1800 CE across the PAGES2k dataset and find that, in contrast to the gradual cooling apparent in ice core, marine, and lake sediment data, tree rings do not exhibit the same decline. To understand why tree-ring proxies lack any evidence of a significant pre-industrial cooling, we divide those data by location (high Northern Hemisphere latitudes vs. midlatitudes), seasonal response (annual vs. summer), detrending method, and temperature sensitivity (high vs. low). We conclude that the ability of tree-ring proxies to detect pre-industrial, millennial-long cooling is not affected by latitude, seasonal sensitivity, or detrending method. Caution is advised when using multi-proxy approaches to reconstruct long-term temperature changes over the entire Common Era.
33
Bolliet, Timothé, Patrick Brockmann, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Franck Bassinot, Valérie Daux, Dominique Genty, Amaelle Landais, et al. "Water and carbon stable isotope records from natural archives: a new database and interactive online platform for data browsing, visualizing and downloading." Climate of the Past 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2016): 1693–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1693-2016.
Анотація:
Abstract. Past climate is an important benchmark to assess the ability of climate models to simulate key processes and feedbacks. Numerous proxy records exist for stable isotopes of water and/or carbon, which are also implemented inside the components of a growing number of Earth system model. Model–data comparisons can help to constrain the uncertainties associated with transfer functions. This motivates the need of producing a comprehensive compilation of different proxy sources. We have put together a global database of proxy records of oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δD) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes from different archives: ocean and lake sediments, corals, ice cores, speleothems and tree-ring cellulose. Source records were obtained from the georeferenced open access PANGAEA and NOAA libraries, complemented by additional data obtained from a literature survey. About 3000 source records were screened for chronological information and temporal resolution of proxy records. Altogether, this database consists of hundreds of dated δ18O, δ13C and δD records in a standardized simple text format, complemented with a metadata Excel catalog. A quality control flag was implemented to describe age markers and inform on chronological uncertainty. This compilation effort highlights the need to homogenize and structure the format of datasets and chronological information as well as enhance the distribution of published datasets that are currently highly fragmented and scattered. We also provide an online portal based on the records included in this database with an intuitive and interactive platform (http://climateproxiesfinder.ipsl.fr/), allowing one to easily select, visualize and download subsets of the homogeneously formatted records that constitute this database, following a choice of search criteria, and to upload new datasets. In the last part, we illustrate the type of application allowed by our database by comparing several key periods highly investigated by the paleoclimate community. For coherency with the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), we focus on records spanning the past 200 years, the mid-Holocene (MH, 5.5–6.5 ka; calendar kiloyears before 1950), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19–23 ka), and those spanning the last interglacial period (LIG, 115–130 ka). Basic statistics have been applied to characterize anomalies between these different periods. Most changes from the MH to present day and from LIG to MH appear statistically insignificant. Significant global differences are reported from LGM to MH with regional discrepancies in signals from different archives and complex patterns.
34
Fedorov, Alexander N., Pavel Y. Konstantinov, Nikolay F. Vasiliev, Nikolay I. Basharin, Andrei G. Shepelev, Varvara A. Andreeva, Valerii P. Semenov, et al. "Ice Volumes in Permafrost Landscapes of Arctic Yakutia." Land 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122329.
Анотація:
This article is devoted to the study of the distribution of ground ice volumes in the upper layers of 5–10 m permafrost in the permafrost landscapes of Arctic Yakutia. Compilation of such a map will serve as a basis for assessing the vulnerability of permafrost to global warming, anthropogenic impact and forecasting the evolution of permafrost landscapes. The map was compiled using ArcGIS software, which supports attribute table mapping. The ground ice map of Arctic Yakutian permafrost landscapes shows that about 19% of the area is occupied by ultra ice-rich (above 0.6 in volumetric ice content) sediments. Very high ice volumes (0.4–0.6) are cover approximately 27%, moderate ice volumes (0.2–0.4)—25% of the area, and low ice volumes (less than 0.2)—about 29% of Arctic Yakutia.
35
Charman, Dan J., Antony Blundell, Richard C. Chiverrell, Dawn Hendon, and Pete G. Langdon. "Compilation of non-annually resolved Holocene proxy climate records: stacked Holocene peatland palaeo-water table reconstructions from northern Britain." Quaternary Science Reviews 25, no. 3-4 (February 2006): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.05.005.
36
Hessler, I., S. P. Harrison, M. Kucera, C. Waelbroeck, M. T. Chen, C. Andersson, A. de Vernal, et al. "Implication of methodological uncertainties for Mid-Holocene sea surface temperature reconstructions." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 1747–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-1747-2014.
Анотація:
Abstract. We present and examine a~multi-sensor global compilation of Mid-Holocene (MH) sea surface temperatures (SSTs), based on Mg/Ca and alkenone palaeothermometry and reconstructions obtained using planktonic foraminifera and organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst census counts. We assess the uncertainties originating from using different methodologies and evaluate the potential of MH SST reconstructions as a benchmark for climate-model simulations. The comparison between different analytical approaches (time frame, baseline climate) shows the choice of time window for the MH has a negligible effect on the reconstructed SST pattern, but the choice of baseline climate affects both the magnitude and spatial pattern of the reconstructed SSTs. Comparison of the SST reconstructions made using different sensors shows significant discrepancies at a regional scale, with uncertainties often exceeding the reconstructed SST anomaly. Apparent patterns in SST may largely be a reflection of the use of different sensors in different regions. Overall, the uncertainties associated with the SST reconstructions are generally larger than the MH anomalies. Thus, the SST data currently available cannot serve as a target for benchmarking model simulations.
37
Dansereau, Pierre-René, and Yves Bergeron. "Fire history in the southern boreal forest of northwestern Quebec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-005.
Анотація:
Age determination of post-fire forests and the analysis of fire scars on surviving trees have allowed for the historical reconstruction and mapping of fires in a forest area of 11 715 ha in northwestern Quebec, south of Lake Abitibi. Most of the study area was burnt by two large fires (>1000 ha) in 1760 and 1923. All the other fires recorded (1797, 1823, 1870, 1907, 1919) were smaller in extent and occurred in a restricted part (1984 ha) of the study area, characterized by the fragmentation of the forest landscape by water bodies. The compilation of data concerning area burnt per type of surficial material confirms that the physical environment exerts a stronger control on the delimitation of these smaller fires. The data do not allow for the estimation of the fire cycle owing to the small size of the study area and possible temporal changes during the observation period. However, methodological observations are formulated for future studies covering a larger area in the bioclimatic region.
38
Annan, J. D., and J. C. Hargreaves. "A new global reconstruction of temperature changes at the Last Glacial Maximum." Climate of the Past 9, no. 1 (February 13, 2013): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-367-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. Some recent compilations of proxy data both on land and ocean (MARGO Project Members, 2009; Bartlein et al., 2011; Shakun et al., 2012), have provided a new opportunity for an improved assessment of the overall climatic state of the Last Glacial Maximum. In this paper, we combine these proxy data with the ensemble of structurally diverse state of the art climate models which participated in the PMIP2 project (Braconnot et al., 2007) to generate a spatially complete reconstruction of surface air (and sea surface) temperatures. We test a variety of approaches, and show that multiple linear regression performs well for this application. Our reconstruction is significantly different to and more accurate than previous approaches and we obtain an estimated global mean cooling of 4.0 ± 0.8 °C (95% CI).
39
Annan, J. D., and J. C. Hargreaves. "A new global reconstruction of temperature changes at the Last Glacial Maximum." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 5 (October 10, 2012): 5029–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-5029-2012.
Анотація:
Abstract. Some recent compilations of proxy data both on land and ocean (MARGO Project Members, 2009; Bartlein et al., 2011; Shakun et al., 2012), have provided a new opportunity for an improved assessment of the overall climatic state of the Last Glacial Maximum. In this paper, we combine these proxy data with the ensemble of structurally diverse state of the art climate models which participated in the PMIP2 project (Braconnot et al., 2007) to generate a spatially complete reconstruction of surface air (and sea surface) temperatures. We test a variety of approaches, and show that multiple linear regression performs well for this application. Our reconstruction is significantly different to and more accurate than previous approaches and we obtain an estimated global mean cooling of 4.0 ± 0.8 °C (95% CI).
40
Prado, L. F., I. Wainer, C. M. Chiessi, M. P. Ledru, and B. Turcq. "A mid-Holocene climate reconstruction for eastern South America." Climate of the Past 9, no. 5 (September 9, 2013): 2117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2117-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. The mid-Holocene (6000 calibrated years before present) is a key period in palaeoclimatology because incoming summer insolation was lower than during the late Holocene in the Southern Hemisphere, whereas the opposite happened in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the effects of the decreased austral summer insolation over South American climate have been poorly discussed by palaeodata syntheses. In addition, only a few of the regional studies have characterised the mid-Holocene climate in South America through a multiproxy approach. Here, we present a multiproxy compilation of mid-Holocene palaeoclimate data for eastern South America. We compiled 120 palaeoclimatological datasets, which were published in 84 different papers. The palaeodata analysed here suggest a water deficit scenario in the majority of eastern South America during the mid-Holocene if compared to the late Holocene, with the exception of northeastern Brazil. Low mid-Holocene austral summer insolation caused a reduced land–sea temperature contrast and hence a weakened South American monsoon system circulation. This scenario is represented by a decrease in precipitation over the South Atlantic Convergence Zone area, saltier conditions along the South American continental margin, and lower lake levels.
41
Moreau, M., T. Corrège, E. P. Dassié, and F. Le Cornec. "Evidence for the non-influence of salinity variability on the <i>Porites</i> coral Sr/Ca palaeothermometer." Climate of the Past 11, no. 3 (March 24, 2015): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-523-2015.
Анотація:
Abstract. Porites coral-based sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions are obtained from the measurement of skeleton Sr/Ca ratio. However, the influence of salinity in the incorporation of these trace elements in the Porites aragonitic skeleton is still poorly documented. Laboratory experiments indicate that in three different coral species (not including the widely used Porites genus), salinity does not influence the Sr/Ca thermometer. In this study, we test the salinity effect on Porites Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions at monthly and interannual timescales in open-ocean environmental conditions. We use a large spatial compilation of published Porites data from the Red Sea and Pacific and Indian oceans. Additionally to those published records, we add a new eastern Pacific coral Sr/Ca record from Clipperton Atoll. Using two different salinity products (Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) SSS reanalyses version 2.2.4, Carton and Giese, 2008; and instrumental SSS from the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France (IRD) Delcroix et al., 2011), we find no evidence of salinity bias on the Sr/Ca SST proxy at monthly and interannual timescales. We conclude that Porites Sr/Ca is a reliable palaeothermometer that is not influenced by salinity variability.
42
van der Boon, Annique, Klaudia F. Kuiper, Robin van der Ploeg, Margot J. Cramwinckel, Maryam Honarmand, Appy Sluijs, and Wout Krijgsman. "Exploring a link between the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum and Neotethys continental arc flare-up." Climate of the Past 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021.
Анотація:
Abstract. The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), a ∼500 kyr episode of global warming that initiated at ∼ 40.5 Ma, is postulated to be driven by a net increase in volcanic carbon input, but a direct source has not been identified. Here we show, based on new and previously published radiometric ages of volcanic rocks, that the interval spanning the MECO corresponds to a massive increase in continental arc volcanism in Iran and Azerbaijan. Ages of Eocene igneous rocks in all volcanic provinces of Iran cluster around 40 Ma, very close to the peak warming phase of the MECO. Based on the spatial extent and volume of the volcanic rocks as well as the carbonaceous lithology in which they are emplaced, we estimate the total amount of CO2 that could have been released at this time corresponds to between 1052 and 12 565 Pg carbon. This is compatible with the estimated carbon release during the MECO. Although the uncertainty in both individual ages, and the spread in the compilation of ages, is larger than the duration of the MECO, a flare-up in Neotethys subduction zone volcanism represents a plausible excess carbon source responsible for MECO warming.
43
Paasche, Ø., and J. Bakke. "Defining the Little Ice Age." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 5 (October 12, 2010): 2159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-2159-2010.
Анотація:
Abstract. The "Little Ice Age" (LIA) is possibly the best-documented climatic anomaly of the past. A wide range of datasets portrays a harsh climate that worsened living conditions, primarily in terms of cooler temperatures, for people across Europe sometime during the last millennium. Regardless of the vast amount of data covering the LIA, there is presently no consensus concerning its spatial manifestation (was it regional or global?), its temporal constraints (when did it start and end?), or the broad-scale dynamics associated with it (what mechanisms did it involve?), although there is no shortage of suggestions. Based on a new compilation of data reflecting atmospheric circulation at both high and low latitudes, we show that the LIA lasted for roughly 400 years (∼1400–1800 AD). During this period at least four major atmospheric circulation systems on Earth co-varied on decadal to centennial timescales: Northern Annular Mode (NAM), Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and West African Monsoon (WAM). This pattern of convergence suggests that a strong coupling between these circulation systems was an important pre-condition for the realisation of the LIA.
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Fuhrmann, Florian, Benedikt Diensberg, Xun Gong, Gerrit Lohmann, and Frank Sirocko. "Aridity synthesis for eight selected key regions of the global climate system during the last 60 000 years." Climate of the Past 16, no. 6 (November 16, 2020): 2221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2221-2020.
Анотація:
Abstract. A compilation of the published literature on dust content in terrestrial and marine sediment cores was synchronized with pollen data and speleothem growth phases on the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) time axis. Aridity patterns for eight key areas of the global climate system have been reconstructed for the last 60 000 years. These records have different time resolutions and different dating methods, i.e. different types of stratigraphy. Nevertheless, all regions analysed in this study show humid conditions during early Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) and the early Holocene or deglaciation, but not always at the same time. Such discrepancies have been interpreted as regional effects, although stratigraphic uncertainties may affect some of the proposed interpretations. In comparison, most of the MIS2 interval becomes arid in all of the Northern Hemisphere records, but the peak arid conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Heinrich event 1 differ in duration and intensity among regions. In addition, we also compare the aridity synthesis with modelling results using a global climate model (GCM). Indeed, geological archives and GCMs show agreement on the aridity pattern for the Holocene or deglaciation, for the LGM and for late MIS3.
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Kaiser Kudsk, Sabrina Gjødvad, Mads Faurschou Knudsen, Christoffer Karoff, Claudia Baittinger, Stergios Misios, and Jesper Olsen. "Solar variability between 650 CE and 1900 - Novel insights from a global compilation of new and existing high-resolution 14C records." Quaternary Science Reviews 292 (September 2022): 107617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107617.
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Reeves, Jessica M., Timothy T. Barrows, Timothy J. Cohen, Anthony S. Kiem, Helen C. Bostock, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, John D. Jansen, et al. "Climate variability over the last 35,000 years recorded in marine and terrestrial archives in the Australian region: an OZ-INTIMATE compilation." Quaternary Science Reviews 74 (August 2013): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.001.
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Bakker, P., and H. Renssen. "Last Interglacial model-data mismatch of thermal maximum temperatures partially explained." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 739–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-739-2014.
Анотація:
Abstract. The timing of the Last Interglacial (LIG) thermal maximum is highly uncertain. Compilations of maximum LIG temperatures are therefore based on the assumption that maximum warmth occurred synchronously across the globe. Although known to be an oversimplification, the impact of this assumption on temperature estimates has yet to be assessed. We use the LIG temperature evolutions simulated by 9 different climate models to investigate whether the assumption of synchronicity results in a sizeable overestimation of LIG thermal maximum temperatures. We find that for annual temperatures, the overestimation is small, strongly model-dependent (global mean 0.4 ± 0.3 °C) and cannot explain the recently published 0.67 °C difference between simulated and reconstructed LIG thermal maximum temperatures. However, if one takes into consideration that temperature proxies are possibly biased towards summer, the overestimation of the LIG thermal maximum based on warmest month temperatures is non-negligible (global mean 1.1 ± 0.4 °C) and can at least partly explain the 0.67 °C global model-data difference.
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Leijonhufvud, Lotta, and Dag Retsö. "Documentary evidence of droughts in Sweden between the Middle Ages and ca. 1800 CE." Climate of the Past 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 2015–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2015-2021.
Анотація:
Abstract. This article explores documentary evidence of droughts in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400–1800 CE). A database has been developed using contemporary sources, such as private and official correspondence letters, diaries, almanac notes, manorial accounts, and weather data compilations. The primary purpose is to utilize hitherto unused documentary data as an input for an index that can be useful for comparisons on a larger European scale. The survey shows that eight subperiods can be considered as having been particularly struck by summer droughts, causing concomitant harvest failures and having great social impacts in Sweden. This is the case with 1634–1639, 1652–1657, 1665–1670, 1677–1684, 1746–1750, 1757–1767, 1771–1776, and 1780–1783 CE. Within these subperiods, 1652 and 1657 stand out as particularly troublesome years. A number of data for dry summers are also found for the middle decades of the 15th century, the first decade of the 1500s, and the 1550s.
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Crespin, E., H. Goosse, T. Fichefet, and M. E. Mann. "The 15th century Arctic warming in coupled model simulations with data assimilation." Climate of the Past 5, no. 3 (July 22, 2009): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-389-2009.
Анотація:
Abstract. An ensemble of simulations of the climate of the past millennium conducted with a three-dimensional climate model of intermediate complexity are constrained to follow temperature histories obtained from a recent compilation of well-calibrated surface temperature proxies using a simple data assimilation technique. Those simulations provide a reconstruction of the climate of the Arctic that is compatible with the model physics, the forcing applied and the proxy records. Available observational data, proxy-based reconstructions and our model results suggest that the Arctic climate is characterized by substantial variations in surface temperature over the past millennium. Though the most recent decades are likely to be the warmest of the past millennium, we find evidence for substantial past warming episodes in the Arctic. In particular, our model reconstructions show a prominent warm event during the period 1470–1520. This warm period is likely related to the internal variability of the climate system, that is the variability present in the absence of any change in external forcing. We examine the roles of competing mechanisms that could potentially produce this anomaly. This study leads us to conclude that changes in atmospheric circulation, through enhanced southwesterly winds towards northern Europe, Siberia and Canada, are likely the main cause of the late 15th/early 16th century Arctic warming.
50
Moreau, M., T. Corrège, E. P. Dassié, and F. Le Cornec. "Evidence for the non-influence of salinity variability on the coral Sr/Ca paleothermometer." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 1783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-1783-2014.
Анотація:
Abstract. The influence of salinity in the incorporation of trace elements in the skeleton of calcareous organisms is still poorly known. Studies on foraminiferal Mg/Ca thermometry have suggested a bias due to Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) variations, leading to potential erroneous estimation of Mg/Ca-based Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Culture experiments seem to indicate that in three coral species (not including the widely used Porites genus), salinity does not influence the Sr/Ca thermometer. In this study, we test the salinity effect on coral Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions at monthly and interannual timescales in open-ocean environmental conditions, using a large spatial compilation of published coral data (mainly based on the Porites genus) originating from the Western Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the China Sea and the Red Sea and adding a new Eastern Pacific coral Sr/Ca record from the Clipperton atoll. We use simple and multiple regressions between Sr/Ca on one hand and SST and SSS on the other hand at the various sites. We find no evidence for a salinity bias on the Sr/Ca SST proxy for the two studied timescales. This study reinforces the use of coral Sr/Ca as a reliable paleothermometer.