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Дисертації з теми "Cerveau – Marqueurs biologiques"
Mani, Meenakshi. "Quantitative analysis of open curves in brain imaging : applications to white matter fibres and sulci." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S026.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse se propose d'étudier comment les caractéristiques des courbes ouvertes peuvent être exploitées afin d'analyser quantitativement les sillons corticaux et les faisceaux de matière blanche. Les quatre caractéristiques d'une courbe ouverte--forme, taille, orientation et position--ont des propriétés différentes, si bien que l'approche usuelle est de traiter chacune séparément à l'aide d'une métrique ad hoc. Nous introduisons un cadre riemannien adapté dans lequel il est possible de fusionner les espaces de caractéristiques afin d'analyser conjointement plusieurs caractéristiques. Cette approche permet d'apparier et de comparer des courbes suivant des distances géodésiques. Les correspondances entre courbes sont établies automatiquement en utilisant une métrique élastique. Dans cette thèse, nous validerons les métriques introduites et nous montrerons leurs applications pratiques, entre autres dans le cadre de plusieurs problèmes cliniques importants. Dans un premier temps, nous étudierons spécifiquement les fibres du corps calleux, afin de montrer comment le choix de la métrique influe sur le résultat du clustering. Nous proposons ensuite des outils permettant de calculer des statistiques sommaires sur les courbes, ce qui est un premier pas vers leur analyse statistique. Nous représentons les groupes de faisceaux par la moyenne et la variance de leurs principales caractéristiques, ce qui permet de réduire le volume des données dans l'analyse des faisceaux de matière blanche. Ensuite, nous présentons des méthodes permettant de détecter les changements morphologiques et les atteintes de la matière blanche. Quant aux sillons corticaux, nous nous intéressons au problème de leur labellisation
Etcheverry, Amandine. "Étude du méthylome des glioblastomes de l'adulte." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S077.
Повний текст джерелаGlioblastoma, the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumour in adults, is characterised by a poor prognosis. This tumour is heterogeneous in terms of molecular alterations, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Despite this heterogeneity, few biomarkers have been associated with patient survival. DNA methylation plays a major role in orchestrating gene expression. Alterations in DNA methylation are common in cancers. They represent promising therapeutic targets and excellent biomarkers for use in clinical oncology. In this context, the research conducted during this thesis has led to refine the molecular characterization of glioblastoma by identifying genes whose expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and identify epigenetic biomarkers that improve the molecular stratification of glioblastoma patients. These results open numerous perspectives in both fundamental and translational research. Our efforts are focused on the validation of the identified epigenetic biomarkers and on their functional study
Tayrac, Marie de. "Analyse génomique et transcriptomique des glioblastomes multiformes." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B126.
Повний текст джерелаGlioblastomas are among the most devastating of human nervous system tumors. Advances in Functional Genomic and particularly in the development of high-throughput technologies - such as microarrays -, allow the analysis of both DNA alterations and gene expression changes on a genome-wide scale. They make possible the identification of molecules involved in tumor initiations, development and progression as well as the discovery of useful biomarkers to improve patient care. The present research takes place in such a context. Our initial objective was to provide genomic and transcriptomic characterization of glioblastomas. We had specificially to identify the DNA alterations that directly drives the disease process - i. E. Alterations that may exert their tumor-promoting effect by modifying the expression or function of distinct genes, so as to deregulate growth factor signaling and survivor pathways. Completion of this project has firstly required a methodological development to allow the simultaneous analysis of large scale data sets coming from different "-omic" areas. Glioblastoma genome and transcriptome profiling were obtained and combined to provide a robust molecular signature characterizing these tumors. We have also expanded our work to search for biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of patient with malignant gliomas. This thesis has been driven by a multidisciplinary approach - such an approach being necessary to the analysis of high throughput studies. We therefore wished to provide a substantial introduction, which would help everyone - clinicians, biologists, and statisticians - to get the fundamentals required to understand our work
Abraham, Alexandre. "Apprentissage d'atlas fonctionnel du cerveau modélisant la variabilité inter-individuelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS159/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent studies have shown that resting-state spontaneous brain activity unveils intrinsic cerebral functioning and complete information brought by prototype task study. From these signals, we will set up a functional atlas of the brain, along with an across-subject variability model. The novelty of our approach lies in the integration of neuroscientific priors and inter-individual variability in a probabilistic description of the rest activity. These models will be applied to large datasets. This variability, ignored until now, may lead to learning of fuzzy atlases, thus limited in term of resolution. This program yields both numerical and algorithmic challenges because of the data volume but also because of the complexity of modelisation
Lavoie, Joëlle. "Exploration des origines des anomalies de l'électrorétinogramme chez les patients atteints de maladies psychiatriques : Des biomarqueurs potentiels des maladies du cerveau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30752/30752.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the major obstacles in psychiatry is the difficult access to the functioning brain to better understand the biological underpinning of brain disorders. There is a need to develop new approaches to study the neurological functions indirectly. Since the retina is part of the central nervous system, it had been suggested that retinal functions, as measured with the electroretinogram (ERG), may reflect the central dysfunctions reported in psychiatric disorders. In fact, several ERG anomalies, which may serve as biomarkers, have been observed in people with or at risk of psychiatric disorders, such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and schizophrenia. However, the origins of these ERG anomalies remain elusive and the goal of this thesis is to explore the potential molecular underpinning of these ERG deficits with animal models of psychiatric disorders or the use of a pharmacological agent. Because of their well-described involvement in psychiatric disorders, the targeted molecules of the experiments presented in this thesis are melatonin, central dopamine, central serotonin and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). The first study demonstrates that a dysfunction in melatonin secretion may partially be involved in the ERG anomalies observed in people with SAD. The second study is a complement of the first one and reports that impairments in central serotonin and central dopamine neurotransmission are more likely to be involved in the ERG anomalies observed in patients with SAD than changes in the retinal bioavailability of dopamine receptors D1R and D2R. A multifactorial model of the ERG anomalies in people with SAD has been proposed according to the findings of these two previous studies. Moreover, the third study demonstrates that GSK3 overexpression, which is a risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, replicates the ERG anomaly reported in offspring at high genetic risk for these disorders. Finally, the fourth study demonstrates that GSK3 plays an important role in regulating the biological clock. Overall, this thesis suggests that ERG measurements represent a useful tool in psychiatric research.
Dabadie, Henry. "Contribution à l'étude des trace aminés à partir d'une détection immunocytochimique au niveau du cerveau de rat." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28252.
Повний текст джерелаMercier, Éric. "La valeur pronostique de la protéine S-100B et de l'énolase neurone-spécifique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral modéré ou grave : revues systématiques et méta-analyses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26963.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this study is to determine the prognostic value of S-100ß protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) following a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two systematic reviews and meta-analysis were performed to find the studies having evaluated the link between a level of those biomarkers and the mortality or the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Of the 9228 citations, 41 and 26 studies were finally included respectively for S-100ß protein and NSE. We observed a significant association between blood levels of S-100ß protein and NSE and an unfavorable outcome such as the mortality or the GOS ≤ 3. A 100% specificity serum level threshold for mortality was between 1.38 to 10.50 µg/L for the S-100ß protein. The association showed consistent results despite the presence of significant extracranial injuries.
Brochier, Camille. "Analyse des transcriptomes du cerveau de souris : mise en évidence de patrons régionaux d'expression conservés chez l'homme et altérés dans des modèles de maladies neurodégénératives." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361207.
Повний текст джерелаBinter, Anne-Claire. "Effets de l’exposition prénatale aux neurotoxiques sur le fonctionnement du cerveau de l’enfant évalué par imagerie cérébrale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B052.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: The vulnerability of the developing brain to its environment is well known in the literature. Some cognitive and behavioral alterations observed after prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and organophosphate insecticide suggest a possible impairment of executive functions. In particular, we suspected an alteration of the inhibitory control, a predictor of academic performance or tendency to risky behaviors in adulthood. Therefore, better understanding these effects appears as a key issue of public health. We aimed at investigating the effects of prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and organophosphate insecticides on the child’s brain function evaluated by cerebral imaging. This work is based on the data of the mother-child PELAGIE cohort. The longitudinal follow-up allowed to measure with biomarkers the exposure to neurotoxicants during pregnancy. We used a Go/No-Go task and functional MRI to assess the inhibitory control and its neural mechanisms in children aged 10-12 years. Our results suggest that inhibitory control may be altered after prenatal exposure to these contaminants. However, some of our findings about glycol ethers were unexpected regarding existing literature and showed little consistency, preventing us to conclude to a significant effect on the developing brain. Then, we suggested that the frontal cortex, involved in inhibition network, may be a specific target of organophosphates
Serrière, Sophie. "Recherche de biomarqueurs précoces par SRM 1 H haute résolution dans l'hypoxie ischémie cérébrale néonatale et dans l'inflammation materno-foetale." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR3308.
Повний текст джерелаA metabonomic approach using high resolution resonance magnetic spectroscopy was investigated on newborn (piglet model of cerebral hypoxia ischemia) and maternal (rat model of maternofetal inflammation induced by E Coli lipopolysaccharid injections) biological fluids. The aim of this study was to evidence an early biomarker of these two pathologies. Neither in the urine and nor in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypoxic ischemic animals, specifi biomarkers of the pathology were evidenced. Metabonomic studies combined with multivaried analysis on the maternal blood plasma and on the amniotic fluid of inflammation-induced animals at day eighteen and nineteen of gestation had evidenced some specific biomarkers. In addition, inflammation impact was demonstrated on pregnancy outcome, on the mean number of newborn per litter and on the newborn growth during the fourteen's days of life
Книги з теми "Cerveau – Marqueurs biologiques"
(Producer), WHO, ed. Biomarkers in Risk Assessment: Validity and Validation: Environmental Health Criteria Series No. 222 (Environmental Health Criteria). World Health Organisation, 2001.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBiomarkers in risk assessment: Validity and validation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001.
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