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1
NISHINO, Fumitaka. "Locality-certified seeds and/or seedlings and, traceability change Japanese seedling market." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 43, no. 4 (May 31, 2018): 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.43.571.
Повний текст джерела
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Puspitasari, Qanti, and Hardiyanto. "Dynamics of Mango Seedlings and Mango Varieties: A Case Study of Nurseries in Mango Production Center in Majalengka, West Java, Indonesia." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mango is a favorite tropical fruit in both domestic and international markets. Due to its features that are relatively easy to grow and more resistant to pests and diseases, the success rate of producing the seedlings is higher compared to the other perennial fruit plants. Despite of these advantages, the sector is still facing several constrains. One of them is the low rate of certified seedling used that may affects the productivity of mango trees. Limited availability of superior certified mango seedlings that is faced by mango nurseries is suspected as one of the cause. This paper aims to describe the dynamic that occurs in mango nursery sector in one of mango production centres in West Java. The data was collected through survey of 260 nurseries in 2016 and was part of Indohort project research; a collaboration between Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Iindonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development (ICHORD), and the University of Adelaide. The results showed that: (1) Only 7% of the total number of nurseries has a formal certification for seedlings that are produced, (2) in average, mango nurseries produce less mango seedlings in 2016 compared to 2011; (3) mango nursery’s specialization rate decreased from 32% in 2011 to 19% in 2016, (4) the share of Harumanis (mango variety that is most preferred in Indonesia) seedlings production per nursery, decreased from 89% in 2011 to 65% in 2016; (4) Further improvement related to mango seedlings marketting chain needs to be done to create a better mango seedling market structure along the chain.
3
Khazaei, Fardin, Majid AghaAlikhani, Samad Mobasser, Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, Hesam Asharin, and Hossein Sadeghi. "Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Seed Quality of Certified Seed and Farm-Saved Seed in Three Provinces of Iran." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 73, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2016-0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The objective of this study was to study the seed quality aspects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the extent of weed seed contamination present in wheat seeds produced in different regions of Iran. Four districts (cities), each including 12 fields (six certified seed fields and six farm-saved seed fields), were selected in each regions (provinces). One kilogram of the wheat seed sample was collected from each field for analysis in the laboratory. Wheat seeding was commonly done by farm-saved seed sourced from within the farm due to the high costs of certified seeds purchased from outside sources, followed by the low seed quality. The use of a farm-saved seed resulted in a higher germination rate and a lower mean time to germination compared with another system. The more positive temperatures experienced by mother plants could decrease the number of normal seedling and seedling length vigor index. Generally there was virtually no difference about physiological quality between certified seed and farm-saved seed sector that is related to lower quality of certified seed. The certified produced seeds had the lower number of weed seed, species and genus before and after cleaning. The highest seed purity and 1000 seed weight was obtained from the certified seed production system. The need for cleaning the farm-saved seed samples before sowing is one of the important findings of this survey.
4
Zamzami, Lizia, Otto Endarto, Zainuri Hanif, and M. Taufiq Ratule. "Increasing the capacity and adoption of certified citrus seedling producers towards recommended technology for disease-free certified citrus seedling production in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 803, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/803/1/012019.
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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, and Eric C. Petrie. "Impact of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as an Amendment on the Physical Properties, Nutrient Content and Seedling Growth of a Certified Organic Greenhouse Growing Media." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 7 (June 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n7p1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sugarcane bagasse is the fibrous material remaining after removing the sucrose, water, and other impurities (filter mud) from the millable sugarcane. Louisiana sugarcane mills use a portion of the sugarcane bagasse to produce steam power to run equipment within the mill and/or as a boiler fuel for the clarification, evaporation, and crystallization processes. Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) is a by-product of the thermal conversion of the sugarcane bagasse. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of SBA as an amendment to soilless planting media for the production of vegetable seedlings. The SBA was combined by volume with a commercial certified organic soilless growing media into 5 combinations (0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%, SBA and growing media, respectively). Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. ‘Bowie’ and Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) var. ‘South Sea’ were planted in each of the 5 different planting mixtures. As the percentage of SBA increased from 0% to 100%, the bulk densities increased, 0.118 to 0.712 g/cm3, while the porosity, water saturation percentage, and water at field capacity decreased. Increasing the SBA percentage significantly impacted total exchange capacity, pH, organic matter, estimated nitrogen release, and all other nutrients measured, except for sodium. The research indicates that the addition of SBA can enhance bean and Chinese kale seedling growth depending on the percentage of the ash added to the growth media. Bean and Chinese kale harvest parameters typically peaked at 25% SBA, and then decreased with increasing SBA %. Adding 25% SBA did benefit the seedling growth by providing additional nutrients for seedling growth, while reducing the cost of production by supplementing the more expensive greenhouse media by a readily available by-product of the sugarcane industry. Increasing the SBA % to 50% or greater is not recommend. Additional research is needed to determine the percentage above 25% and below 50% SBA that would still benefit seedling plant growth.
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Guerber, C., and D. O. TeBeest. "Infection of Rice Seed Grown in Arkansas by Pyricularia grisea and Transmission to Seedlings in the Field." Plant Disease 90, no. 2 (February 2006): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea, is an important and serious disease of rice (Oryza sativa) in the southeastern United States. The disease sporadically reaches epidemic proportions on susceptible cultivars within fields and over large areas within Arkansas. The main overwintering sources of inoculum reportedly include infected rice stubble, related host species, and infected seed. The objectives of the research were to (i) determine whether rice seed grown in Arkansas were infected with P. grisea, (ii) investigate the relationship between seed infection and seedling disease, and (iii) determine if planting naturally infected seed could lead to the subsequent development of rice blast on seedlings in the field. The results of seed assays showed that P. grisea was detected in samples of foundation, certified, and production seed. Estimated levels of infection by P. grisea of rice seed from 66 samples of rice seed grown in Arkansas ranged from 0 to 10.5%. Planting infected seed in the greenhouse and the field resulted in seedling infection. Planting naturally infected seed may result in disease development (i) from seedlings grown from infected seed planted beneath the soil surface, (ii) from seedlings grown from germinating seed left on the soil surface, (iii) from seed coats, or (iv) from nongerminated seed left on the soil surface after planting. Additional research is necessary to establish the mechanisms of infection of seedlings and to establish disease thresholds for this important fungal pathogen of rice.
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RAJALA, A., M. NISKANEN, and M. ISOLAHTI. "Seed quality effects on seedling emergence, plant stand establishment and grain yield in two-row barley." Agricultural and Food Science 20, no. 3 (December 4, 2008): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960611797471516.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seed viability and vigour play important roles in seedling emergence, plant stand establishment and yield potential. The majority of cereal fields in Finland are typically sown with farm saved seed (FSS). If the quality of the seed is not known, there can be insidious yield reduction. This research was conducted to study the effects of seed quality on seedling emergence rate, seedling number and yielding capacity. The study comprised three-year field experiments conducted during 20072009, established at three sites: Jokioinen, Nousiainen and Ylistaro. Spring barley cultivars Saana (2007) and Annabell (2008-2009) were sown at rate of 500 germinating seeds m-2. Five seed lots were included as treatments: farm saved seed (FSS); downgraded seed 2.7 mm); upgraded seed >2.7 mm with disinfection (FSS>2.7 mm + dis); and commercial certified seed with disinfection (CCS). Up- and down-graded seed lots (FSS2.7 mm, and FSS>2.7 mm + dis) all originated from the FSS. Seedling emergence rate was measured from the time when coleoptiles started to break through the soil surface. The number of seedlings (3 × 1 m row per plot) was recorded at five-day intervals four times from the same rows. Plots were harvested at physiological maturity and grain yield (kg ha-1), hectolitre weight (HLW, kg) single grain weight (SGW, mg) and grain protein content (%) were recorded. Seed lots of CCS and FSS>2.7 mm + dis enhanced seedling emergence rate and increased the number of plants compared with other treatments. These two seed lots also produced the highest grain yield and had the lowest grain protein. Seed quality had an apparent effect on plant stand establishment and grain yield. A seed lot effect was evident despite identical targeted sowing rates that took into account germination rate and seed weight. Therefore, differences in seedling emergence and yielding capacity were likely outcomes of variation in seed vigour among the five treatments.;
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Smith, Richard G., Randa Jabbour, Andrew G. Hulting, Mary E. Barbercheck, and David A. Mortensen. "Effects of Initial Seed-Bank Density on Weed Seedling Emergence during the Transition to an Organic Feed-Grain Crop Rotation." Weed Science 57, no. 5 (October 2009): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-031.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The transition period to certified organic production can present a significant weed management challenge for growers. Organic certification requires that prohibited fertilizers and pesticides must not have been used for 36 mo before harvest of the first organic crop. Understanding how organic management practices and initial weed seed-bank densities affect weed population dynamics during the transition period may improve weed management efficacy and adoption of organic practices. We examined how tillage systems (full or reduced) and cover crop species planted during the first transition year (rye or a mixture of timothy and red clover) affect the seedling densities of three common annual weed species, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and foxtail spp., during the 3-yr transition period. Weed seeds were applied in a one-time pulse at the beginning of the study at three densities, low, medium, and high (60, 460, and 2,100 seeds m−2, respectively), and cumulative seedling densities of each species were assessed annually. Treatment factors had variable and species-specific effects on weed seedling densities. In general, the full-tillage system, with an initial cover crop of timothy and red clover, resulted in the lowest density of weed seedlings following seed-bank augmentation. There was little consistent association between the initial densities of applied weed seeds in the weed seed bank at the start of the transition and weed seedling densities at the end of the transition period. This suggests that when multiple crop and weed cultural management practices are employed during the organic transition period, initial failures in weed management may not necessarily lead to persistent and intractable annual weed species management problems following organic certification.
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Ginandjar, Salamet, Agung Rahmadi, Muhammad Tsani Abdulhakim, and M. Subandi. "Economic Analysis of Potato Seed in West Java, Indonesia." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 10, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2020.104.756.763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to study the supply of potato seed in West Java, Indonesia. The research respondent is farmers who use seed, with a sample of 377 farmers and a survey of all seed breeders totaling 43 farmers, using proportionate stratified random sampling. This research report is also complemented by a review analysis of potato seedling development in the last five years. There is considerable interest in the potential that can be developed, productive aged farmers, and adoption of new technologies. Factors exerting a strong influence include capital, technology, adequacy of seed, the proportion of certified seed, and farm credit. Factors identified as influencing the level of demand include the proportion of certified seed, seed prices, capital, and credit allocation for potato farming; at the level of supply factors that can exert influence are the availability of seed, the selling price of seed, and the capital of breeding farmers. Policy simulation on the use of certified seed potatoes shows that increase in the number of specific farm credits, the price of seed and fixed farm capital results in increased use of certified seed and reduced self-selection of seed.
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Myers, S. C., and A. T. Savelle. "Propagation of `Guardian' Peach Rootstock by Rooted Cuttings and Seed." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 477D—477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.477d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
`Guardian' peach rootstock has shown improved survivability in areas where root-knot nematode and peach tree short life are a problem. Many peach rootstocks are typically propagated from seed. Availability of seed may vary and the long-term genetic uniformity of rootstock material may be difficult to maintain due to out-crossing during seed production. A reliable, successful vegetative propagation method would potentially increase the rate at which material could be made available and more closely ensure genetic uniformity. Production of liners was compared between rooted cuttings and seed of mature `Guardian', `Lovell', and `Nemaguard' peach trees. Seed were stratified under uniform conditions, planted at initial germination, and seedling emergence recorded 30 days after planting. Terminal softwood and semi-hardwood cutting were treated with KIBA and rooted under intermittent mist in a greenhouse. Rooting percentage was equal to or greater than percent seedling emergence. Optimum results were obtained with semi-hardwood cuttings taken in July and August. Rooted cuttings transplanted to the field produced liners of equal or greater quality than liners produced from seed. Seedlings exhibited variability in growth in the nursery area. Rooted cuttings had fewer lateral branches in the lower 15 cm of rootstock where trees were T-budded with certified, virus-indexed buds of `Cresthaven' peach.
11
Cantonwine, E. G., C. C. Holbrook, A. K. Culbreath, R. S. Tubbs, and M. A. Boudreau. "Genetic and Seed Treatment Effects in Organic Peanut." Peanut Science 38, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps11-5.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Stand establishment has been a challenge for organic peanut production in the Southeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 in research plots certified for organic production to evaluate the potential of genotype selection, shelling procedure, and seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis to improve stand establishment and seedling emergence rates, reduce incidence of Aspergillus crown rot, and increase seedling biomass. Seed of 15 peanut genotypes were mechanically shelled or hand-shelled, and treated with B. subtilis or untreated prior to planting in early June. Percent stand was estimated for each plot 17–21 days after planting (DAP), and percent seedlings affected by Aspergillus crown rot and plant biomass were estimated 21–24 DAP. Seed treatment significantly affected stand establishment for three genotypes each year, Georgia-01R both years, C-99R and Tifguard in 2007, and C34-24-69 and C724-19-25 in 2009. In all of these cases, the hand-shelled plots had significantly greater stands than the mechanically shelled plots for untreated and/or B. subtilis treated seed. B. subtilis treatment improved stands for two of the mechanically shelled treatments that significantly responded to hand shelling. Despite low incidence, there was a significant reduction of crown rot in the hand-shelled plots compared to the mechanically shelled plots across years and genotypes. The cultivar Georganic, which has been planted to organic peanut systems in Georgia in recent years, was among the genotypes with the lowest seedling establishment rates and biomass. Based on these results, it is recommended that sorting thresholds for damaged seed be higher for seed destined for organic production, and that breeding efforts that include assessments of factors involved in seedling establishment and growth be prioritized.
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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, Isabel M. Lima, and Eric C. Petrie. "Sugarcane Biochar as an Amendment for Greenhouse Growing Media for the Production of Cucurbit Seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Louisiana sugarcane farmers in 2016 harvested 11.7 million Mg millable sugarcane from 163,000 ha, producing 1.47 million Mg of raw sugar and an estimated 3.5 million Mg of bagasse. Even though Louisiana sugar mills use 80 to 90% of the bagasse for fuel production, another 350,000 to 700,000 Mg of bagasse accumulates each year. The conversion of the excess bagasse into biochar is an excellent option with numerous uses. Research was conducted to determine the impact of sugarcane biochar as an amendment to soilless planting media for the production of cucurbit seedlings. Two biochars were combined by volume with a commercial certified organic soilless growing media into 5 combinations (0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%, biochars and growing media, respectively). Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) var. ‘Enterprise’ and cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) var. ‘Magnum .45’ were planted in each of the 5 different planting mixtures. The higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV), and fixed carbon (FixC) were greater for the standard bagasse biochar (SBB), therefore, making it more valuable as a potential fuel source than the pneumatic bagasse biochar (PBB). All of the biochar mixture combinations compared favorably to the commercial media with low bulk densities (0.11 to 0.14 g cm-3) and high water holding capacities (80-87%). In respect to seedling production, the biochars (SBB and PBB) performed well, especially at the 25 and 50% levels for both plant species. The squash seedlings responded better at the 75% level than the cantaloupe seedlings, which reflect differences in nutrient requirements. The 100% biochar growing media are not recommended because both plant species often had a decrease in organic matter. These results indicate that the volume of a standard soilless greenhouse growing media can be successfully extended by adding 25 to 50% sugarcane biochar without a reduction in squash and cantaloupe seedling production. Future research should investigate the impact of additional plant species, as well as different biochar sources on seedling production.
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Rodríguez-Ortiz, Juan Carlos. "Broccoli Seedling Production in Response to Recognised Organic Inputs." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 26, no. 03 (September 1, 2021): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated the production of seedlings broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) with organic inputs. The inputs were as follows; a) growth medium, consisting of Sphagnum peat (Pro Moss TBK®) mixed with poultry manure compost (Vertia® brand) in a) 90:10 and 80:20 ratios; b) biofungicide Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Natucontrol® brand) at doses of 1.5 and 3 g/L water per 338-cavity polystyrene tray; and c) complementary nutrition applied in irrigation with poultry manure tea at doses of 0.5 and 1 dS/m per tray every two days. Control set was a ‘typical management’ control based on peat (100%) as a growing medium with the application of conventional fertiliser (1 g/L of Tricel® 20 every two days) and conventional fungicide Mancozeb as a damping-off preventative (1 g/L per tray). The seedling growth, relative chlorophyll content, photosystem II quantum yield, and morphological indicators showed that the eight treatments with recognised organic inputs performed significantly better than the control (p<0.05). The use of peat substrate mixed with poultry manure (80:20 ratio) with inoculation of T. harzianum at a dose of 1.5–3 g/L and with application of poultry manure tea at a dose of 1 dS/m yielded the best results. We determined that it is possible to obtain quality broccoli seedlings with the inputs recognised for certified organic agriculture. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Aja, Kadhim Jawad, and Ghalib Bahio Aboud Al-Abbasi. "Study of Foliar Application of Nutritional Solution and Seaweeds Extract on Growth of Limes (Citrus Aurantifolia)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 910, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study was conducted in a certified citrus production nursery in Karbala province, Al-Hindiya district for the season 2020, on seedlings of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) rootstock at the age of 6 months, Where it was sprayed with the nutrient solution Biumin 221 at concentrations (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5 g.L-1) and Basfoliar Kelp seaweed extracts with concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5) ml.L-1. The results showed that spraying the seedlings with single and combined study treatments led to a significant increase in the average seedling length, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and dry weight of the vegetative and root system, where the treatment (2.5 g. L-1 nutrient solution + 4.5 ml.L-1 seaweed extracts)was excelled and gave the highest average of most traits. Where the interaction treatment between the concentration (2.5 g.L-1 for the nutrient solution with a concentration of 3 ml. L-1 of seaweed extracts) excelled on the dry weight of the vegetative total compared to the control treatment, which recorded the lowest values.
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Ling, Kai-Shu. "Pepino mosaic virus on Tomato Seed: Virus Location and Mechanical Transmission." Plant Disease 92, no. 12 (December 2008): 1701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In just a few years, Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has become a major threat to greenhouse tomato production around the world. Although tomato seed is suspected to spread the disease, its importance as an initial virus inoculum for PepMV has not been established. To determine the potential for seed transmission, a tomato seed lot highly contaminated with PepMV was used for large-scale seedling grow-out tests. None of 10,000 grow-out seedlings was infected as determined by symptom expression, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or infectivity assay on Nicotiana benthamiana. Even though PepMV was not seed transmitted on tomato, the virus was effectively transmitted to tomato and N. benthamiana seedlings through mechanical transmission with seed extract. To examine the exact location where PepMV particles accumulated on the tomato seed, seed coats and embryos were carefully isolated and tested separately by ELISA, real-time RT-PCR, and bioassay on N. benthamiana. PepMV was detected in the seed coat fraction in both immature and mature tomato seeds, but not in the embryo. However, in N. benthamiana, the virus was neither seedborne nor seed-transmitted. Because PepMV is seedborne in tomato, efficient mechanical transmission of PepMV from the virus-contaminated tomato seed to seedlings could initiate a disease epidemic in a new tomato growing area. Thus, it is important to plant certified tomato seed that has been tested free of PepMV.
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Aja, Kadhim Jawad, and Ghalib Bahio Aboud Al-Abbasi. "Effect of Foliar Application of Bimin221 and Seaweed Extract on Lime Seedling Growth." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 910, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study was conducted in a certified citrus production nursery in Karbala province, Al-Hindiya district for the season 2020, on lime seedlings (Citrus aurantifolia) rootstock at the age of 6 months, It was sprayed with the nutrient solution Biumin 221 at concentrations (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5 m.L-1) and Basfoliar Kelp seaweed extracts at concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5) ml L-. The results showed that spraying the seedlings with single and combined study treatments led to a significant increase in all the vegetative and nutrition traits of lime seedlings. The treatment (2.5 g.L-1 nutrient solution + 4.5 ml.L-1 seaweed extract) achieved the highest averages in most of the traits. While the interaction treatment between the concentration (2.5 g.L-1 of the nutrient solution and concentration of 3 ml.L-1 of seaweed extract was excelled in the traits of leaf content of total carbohydrates, the percentage of nitrogen, iron, and zinc.
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Suchoff, D. H., M. C. Vann, M. McGinnis, J. H. Mason, and L. Fisher. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Programs for Organic Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Seedling Production." Tobacco Science 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3381/tobsci-d-22-00001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Certified organic flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production has experienced significant expansion in the United States. Despite this expansion, there is very little information available that outlines organic nitrogen (N) programs for seedling production. To develop grower recommendations, research was conducted to evaluate the effects of a Peruvian seabird guano (SG), sodium nitrate (SN), or a combination of the two (SN_SG) in a float system on float water chemistry and seedling vigor. A conventional treatment (Conv; SQM Ultrasol Premium) was included for comparison. A greenhouse study was conducted twice between June 2016 and January 2017. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied to tobacco float system water twice during the germination and growth of tobacco transplants. Float system water was collected every 5 days and analyzed for N forms, pH, dissolved oxygen, and bicarbonate. At the end of each experiment, transplant dimensions were measured and percent of usable plants collected. Float water bicarbonate concentration was <1 meq L−1 in treatments absent of SG for the duration of the study, but were in excess of 12 meq L−1 25 days after seeding (DAS) when SG was the exclusive N source. Despite high ammonium and bicarbonate concentrations with SG, neither factor negatively impacted seedling growth. Both SG and SN_SG produced as many usable plants as Conv; however, seedling height and diameter tended to be lower in SG compared to the other two treatments. No usable transplants were produced when SN was the sole fertility source, likely because of lack of nutrients other than N. Furthermore, many of the organic fertility products require biological activity to mineralize organic N to a plant-available form. This activity can have potentially detrimental outcomes on float system solution pH, dissolved oxygen, and bicarbonate levels.
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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Mengmeng Gu, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, Isabel M. Lima, and Eric C. Petrie. "Sugarcane and Pine Biochar as Amendments for Greenhouse Growing Media for the Production of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n4p58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Louisiana sugarcane farmers in 2016 harvested 11.7 million Mg of millable sugarcane from 163,000 ha, producing 1.47 million Mg of raw sugar and an estimated 3.5 million Mg of bagasse. Even though Louisiana sugar mills use 80% to 90% of the bagasse for fuel production, another 350,000 to 700,000 Mg of bagasse accumulates each year. The conversion of the excess bagasse into biochar is one solution to reduce the excess supply. Research was conducted to determine the impact of sugarcane biochar as an amendment to soilless planting media for the production of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB) and pine biochar (PB) were each combined by volume with a commercial certified organic soilless growing media into 5 combinations (0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%, biochars and growing media, respectively). Green bean variety ‘Bowie’ seeds were planted in each of the different planting mixtures. The particle size distribution for the two biochars are in stark contrast to each other with the PB particle median, mean, geometric mean, and mode much greater than those of the SBB. As amendments to the soilless greenhouse growing media, the biochars (SBB and PB) functioned very well, especially at the 25% and 75% levels. The 100% SBB performed as well as the 100% commercial soilless growing media and slightly better than the 100% PB when comparing seedling fresh and dry weights. The 100% PB is not recommended as a soilless growing media even with the supplemental fertilizer used in these experiments. These results indicate that the volume of a standard soilless greenhouse growing media can be successfully extended by adding 25% to 75% SBB and PB without reducing bean seedling growth. Future research is needed to evaluate these biochars for the production of additional plant species.
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PELTONEN-SAINIO, P., A. RAJALA, and L. JAUHIAINEN. "Hidden viability risks in the use of farm-saved small-grain seed." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, no. 6 (April 7, 2011): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYAgriculture must provide sustainable food security and economic development to meet future challenges; new cultivars and the use of quality seed will be key components of this. The use of farm-saved seed may increase due to imbalances between income and expenditure associated with farming. The present study characterized the quality of commonly used, and thereby easily available, farm-saved seed in Finland. Farmers provided 657 seed lot samples of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that they intended to use for sowing. Germination, seed weight, seedling elongation and within-seed-lot variability were analysed. Information was available on region, number of seed generations and cultivar. The specific aims were to identify how many generations of farm-saved seed are generally used by farmers, whether there is any safe generation threshold and the variability of quality of the seed lots. It was found that 0·80–0·84 of barley seed lots exceeded the 0·85 minimum germination requirement for certified seed, but only 0·60 of wheat. The risk of poor establishment was higher in wheat if the seed was not tested: 0·13 of wheat seed lots had germination of ⩽0·65 and 0·06 of ⩽0·50, while for barley the proportions with inadequate germination were 0·03–0·05. At most, >0·30 abnormal seedlings were recorded for barley and >0·50 for wheat. Variation in seed size and seedling length within seed lots was important, and increase in the latter was associated with reduced germination. In combination with up to 0·14 lethal fungus-infected seed, this emphasizes the need for seed upgrading measures. No safe threshold for farm-saved seed generations was determined.
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Erasto, Rehema, Newton Kilasi, and Richard Raphael Madege. "Prevalence and Management of Phytopathogenic Seed-Borne Fungi of Maize." Seeds 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds2010003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seed-borne fungi are solemn and deleterious pathogens capable of causing significant losses of quantity and quality losses in maize seeds and seedlings. They infect the crop at all points of the production chain from farms to stores. A yield loss of up to 50% can be encountered. Currently, chemical control of the disease is being implemented, though it is accompanied by several negative effects. This study aimed at identifying seed-borne fungi of maize and effective management options. A deep-freezing blotter method and morphological identification of the fungal species were implemented. The seed-borne fungi detected were Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., and Curvularia spp. However, in farmer-saved seeds, fungal incidences were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than in certified seeds. To identify more effective management options, the efficacy of water and ethanol-extracted bio-fungicides from three plant species, namely, neem (Azadirachta indica), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and coffee (Coffea arabica) were evaluated. From in vitro assays, ethanol-extracted bio-fungicides have a 100% inhibitory effect on fungal growth, whilst the inhibitory effects of water-extracted bio-fungicides are 55.88% (Azadirachta indica) and 46.31% (Zingiber officinale), followed by 5.15% (Coffea arabica). For the case of an in vivo assay, maize seeds treated with water-extracted bio-fungicides have higher seed germination and seedling vigor percentages. For germination, seeds treated with water-extracted bio-fungicides have higher percentages (neem and ginger (90%) followed by coffee (72.5%)) than ethanol-extracted bio-fungicides (neem (0%), ginger (2.5%), and coffee (0%)). A similar observation is made for seedling weight. Therefore, the tested water-extracted bio-fungicides can be used in treating seeds before sowing them. Further studies on effective methods of extracting bioactive compounds, and improving their shelf life, are recommended.
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Russo, V. M. "Organic Vegetable Transplant Production." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The efficacy of using potting media and fertilizers that are alternatives to conventional materials to produce vegetable transplants needs clarification. Bell pepper, onion and watermelon seed were sown in Container Mix, Lawn and Garden Soil, and Potting Soil, which can be used for organic production in greenhouse transplant production. The alternative media were amended with a 1× rate of Sea Tea liquid fertilizer. Comparisons were made to a system using a conventional potting medium, Reddi-Earth, fertilized with a half-strength (0.5×) rate of a soluble synthetic fertilizer (Peters). Watermelon, bell pepper and onion seedlings were lifted at 3, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, and heights and dry weights determined. Watermelon were sufficiently vigorous for transplanting regardless of which medium and fertilizer was used. Bell pepper and onion at the scheduled lifting were sufficiently vigorous only if produced with conventional materials. Additional experiments were designed to determine the reason(s) for the weaker seedlings when the alternative products were used. Seedlings maintained in transplant trays, in which media amended weekly with Sea Tea were required to be held for up to an additional 34 days before being vigorous enough for transplanting. Six-week-old bell pepper, or 8-week-old onion, seedlings were transferred to Reddi-Earth in pots and supplied with Sea Tea or Peters fertilizer. Bell pepper treated with Peters were taller and heavier, but onions plants were similar in height and weight regardless of fertilizer used. Other pepper seed were planted in Reddi-Earth and fertilized weekly with Sea Tea at 0.5×, 1×, 2×, or 4× the recommended rate, or the 0.5× rate of Peters. There was a positive linear relationship between seedling height and dry weight for seedlings treated with increasing rates of Sea Tea. Other pepper seed were planted in to Potting Soil, or an organically certified potting medium (Sunshine), and fertilized with a 2× or 4× rate of Sea Tea or a 1×, 2×, or 4× rate of an organic fertilizer (Rocket Fuel), or in Reddi-Earth fertilized with a 0.5× rate of Peters. There was a positive linear relationship between the rate of Rocket Fuel and heights and dry weights of bell pepper seedlings. However, even at the highest rate seedlings were not equivalent to those produced with conventional practices. Plants treated with the 4× rate of Sea Tea were similar to those produced using conventional materials. Use of Sunshine potting medium and the 4× rate of Sea Tea will produce bell pepper seedlings equivalent in height and dry weight to those produced using conventional materials. The 4× rate of Rocket Fuel used in Sunshine potting medium will produce adequate bell pepper seedlings. The original poor showing of seedlings in the alternative potting media appears to be due to fertilization with Sea Tea at a rate that does not adequately support seedling development.
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AGBIDINOUKOUN, Arnaud, Euloge Rimson Somakpe, Jerome Anani Houngue, Serge S. Houédjissin, and Corneille Ahanhanzo. "Response of haustorium tissues and coconut water in somatic embryos induction for the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) variety PB121." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 10 (July 1, 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v10i.9195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) is a fruit plant that contributes significantly to improved nutrition, food security, job creation, and household income in Benin. However, its production is suffering from the unavailability of certified seedlings. The present work aimed to optimize the propagation of coconut trees through the somatic embryogenesis technique. Zygotic embryos were cultured in vitro on Y3 medium supplemented with 0.7% Agar; 2.5 g/l activated charcoal, 5% sucrose to obtain haustorium, and the radicle explants for somatic embryogenesis. Three months after, callus and somatic embryos were induced from haustorium and radicle on medium Y3 supplemented with different doses of 2,4-D (0.3 and 0.35 mM) and coconut water (0, 50, 100 and 150 ml/l). 80% of callus was induced of induced with haustorium explant on Y3 medium supplemented with 0.7 mM 2,4-D. The combination of 2,4-D and coconut water resulted in the highest average number of somatic embryos with 59 and 63 embryos obtained respectively on Y3 medium enriched with 150 ml/l coconut water and supplemented with 0.3 mM and 0.35 mM 2,4-D. Using haustorium explant for mass propagation through somatic embryogenesis remains an exploring way for in vitro seedling of coconuts.
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Macha, D. F., S. Wiyono, and E. T. Tondok. "Seed-borne Fungi of Pinus tecunumanii Seeds in Tanzania." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1133, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Seed health is an important attribute to be taken care of since it is from a healthy seed that a healthy plant is regenerated. Seed-borne fungi are among the severe pathogens causing significant losses in the quantity and quality of Pinus seeds. Fungi reduce seedling vigor and low seed germination to disease. The study aimed to detect and identify seed-borne fungus in certified and uncertified Pinus tecunumanii seeds in Iringa area. The research was conducted from January to May 2022. Seed samples were collected from four seed lots: Mafinga, Kilolo, Makungu, and the Private Forestry Programme (PFP). The blotter test method was used to grow seed-borne fungi. For identification, a compound microscope was used to look at the formed fungal colonies. The percentages of pure seeds from PFP were higher at (99%) than those collected from Kilolo (95%), Mafinga (94.5%), and Makungu (91.5%). PFP seeds had the highest germination percentage (94.75%), followed by Kilolo (91.75%), Mafinga (91.25%), and Makungu (89.25%). The highest frequency of Fusarium spp. was observed in PFP (65%), followed by Makungu (48.04%), Kilolo (47.67%), and the lowest was Mafinga (43.75%). The frequency of Aspergillus niger was highest in Makungu (34.31%), Mafinga (32.29%), Kilolo (29.07%), and PFP (20.48%), while the frequency of Rhizopus spp. was higher in Makungu (5.88%), followed by Kilolo (5.81%), and Mafinga (5.20%). There was no occurrence of Rhizopus spp. in PFP. Moreover, the incidences were higher in non-certified seeds than in certified seeds. The research will help to sustainably produce high-quality seeds for the growth of pinus trees in forests and nurseries.
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Gunadi, N., M. J. Potts, R. Sinung-Basuki, and Greta A. Watson. "On-farm Development of Potato Production from True Seed in Indonesia." Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (January 1992): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700022985.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThree seasons of on-farm experimentation to develop potato production from botanical or true potato seed (TPS) under cool fertile conditions in West Java, Indonesia, are described. Twenty-three farmers experimented with two production systems: use of transplants, and use of seedling tubers produced in nursery beds. There was little yield difference between the systems, but an apparent progeny × system × season interaction was observed. All progenies were more resistant to late blight than the present cultivars grown from tubers. Appropriate matching of progeny and system gave seed of comparable quality with, but total yields slightly less than, certified imported seed of cv. Granola. Ware quality was slightly better than that of cv. Granola. Production costs were markedly less than for a tuber crop, making TPS ideal for small, resource-poor farmers.
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Kandel, H. J., P. M. Porter, P. M. Carr, and S. F. Zwinger. "Producer participatory spring wheat variety evaluation for organic systems in Minnesota and North Dakota." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23, no. 03 (June 30, 2008): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170508002263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOrganic producers in Minnesota and North Dakota, USA, indicated that they wanted to participate in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL. emend. Thell) variety evaluations. The objectives were to determine if a farmer–researcher developed scoring system could be used to rank wheat varieties for yield potential when grown in certified organic fields, identify views of organic producers about on-farm research, and identify the educational impact of the participatory variety evaluation process. Hard red spring wheat varieties were compared for grain yield at six locations on certified organic farms in Minnesota and North Dakota over a three-year period. A scoring system was developed and then used to identify the relative rank of adapted varieties for yield. Producers were asked to rank all varieties on a scale from 1 to 9, where 1 is lowest yield potential and 9 is highest yield potential. Producers were able to distinguish higher producing varieties as a group in 2003 and 2004. ‘Oklee’ a high yielding variety was ranked lowest in 2005. There was a significant linear relationship between producer ranking and yield (P<0.05) even though producers could not pick the highest yielding varieties consistently in the field. The producer survey showed that grain yield, protein content, wheat scab resistance, leaf disease resistance, early seedling vigor, test weight and canopy closure were traits producers valued most in a variety. Heading date, impact on succeeding crops, straw and stubble production were ranked lower. Multi-year variety evaluation on certified organic land was highly valued by the producers surveyed. From an educational perspective, the exercise was successful in that producers had to observe individual varieties carefully in order to come to a consensus producer ranking. The model of participatory research can be used for a variety of field research projects and field days.
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Tian, Y. L., Y. Q. Zhao, B. S. Hu, and F. Q. Liu. "First Report of Seedling Blight of Watermelon Caused by Acidovorax citrulli Transmitted from Rootstock of Pumpkin in China." Plant Disease 97, no. 3 (March 2013): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-12-0931-pdn.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is a devastating disease caused by Acidovorax citrulli, which was first observed in the United States in 1988 (3). A. citrulli can cause severe infection on a wide range of cucurbits, including watermelon, cantaloupe, and pumpkin. Cotyledon symptoms are brown, angular, necrotic spots or large necrotic lesions. The disease is seedborne, so seeds usually serve as the primary inoculum source for BFB outbreaks (2). In July 2012, seedling blight was observed by local farmers from Anhui province in China on watermelon seedlings grafted to pumpkin rootstocks; lesions were morphologically similar to those caused by A. citrulli. Presence of A. citrulli was detected in symptomatic samples by using species-specific primers BX-L1/BX-S-R2 (1). The seed company claimed seeds of watermelon (cv. Changfeng) were certified free of bacterial fruit blotch, but pumpkin seeds (cv. Kangkuxianfeng-1) had not been tested for A. citrulli. For investigating the inoculum source, the remaining seeds of watermelon (cv. Changfeng) and pumpkin (cv. Kangkuxianfeng-1) for seedling production were collected from the farmer and processed for pathogen extraction as described by Walcott and Gitaitis (2). Two microliters of seed wash was used as template for PCR using primers BX-L1/BX-S-R2 (1). The experiment was conducted three times. A 279-bp DNA fragment was consistently amplified by PCR from seed wash of pumpkin seeds, but not from the seed wash of watermelon seeds. Three Acidovorax-like strains (A1, A2, and A3) were isolated from pumpkin seed wash using TWZ semi-selective medium (0.5% peptone, 0.025% CaCl2, 1% Tween-80, 50 mg/liter berberine, 50 mg/liter cycloheximide, 50 mg/liter 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride). PCR was performed on the 16S rDNA gene from isolate strain A1, A2, and A3 (1,492 bp; GenBank Accession Nos. JX875533, JX875534, and JX875535) with primers rp1/fd2 (4), and PCR products were sequenced. Results of sequence analysis showed the sequences of strains A1, A2, and A3 were 99% identical to that of the type strain of A. citrulli AAC00-1 (NC_008752). Pathogencity was confirmed by injection of pumpkin cotyledons with bacterial suspensions of each isolate. Collected pumpkin seeds (n = 100 seeds) and watermelon seeds (n = 100 seeds) were planted in plastic pots containing sterilized field soil at room temperature to detect A. citrulli by a wet chamber growing out test. Eight days later, brown, angular, necrotic spots or wilt developed in pumpkin seedlings, but no symptoms were noted on the watermelon seedlings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. citrulli causing watermelon seedling blight transmitted from pumpkin seeds by grafting in China. References: (1) O. Bahar et al. Plant Pathol. 57:754, 2008. (2) R. R. Walcott and R. D. Gitaitis. Plant Dis. 84:470, 2000. (3) G. C. Wall et al. Phytopathology 78:1605, 1988. (4) W. G. Weisburg et al. J. Bacteriol. 173:697, 1991.
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Soares, Cleo, Cristina Rossetti, Andreia Almeida, Alejandro José de Melo, Diogo da Silva Moura, Ritieli Mambrin, and Lilian Vanussa Madruga de Tunes. "Physiological quality of irrigated rice seeds benefited in different UBS in the internal coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 17, no. 6 (December 19, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n6.a469.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the study is to evaluate the evolution of the physical and physiological quality of rice seeds throughout the processing process, analyzing the efficiencyof the equipment used in three Seed Processing Units (UBS) to produce certified seeds, located in the region of the inner coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos. We know that the seed has to be made in the field, starting with the choice of the area, providing a good management and controlling invaders, pests and diseases, but we believe that UBS has a very important role in seed quality, and this is the purpose of this study. Each unit with its equipment on its production line was analyzed. The cultivar IRGA 424 RI was used in the three units, samples were taken at the exit of each equipment, tests for seedling emergence, germination, physical purity and determination of other contaminatingspecies were carried out. A gradual increase in purity and germination was observed along the processing line in the three UBS’s, except for the determination of weedy rice, where equipment was not efficient.
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Rochmah, Hidayati Fatchur, and Ike Azzi Machwati. "Teknik Perbanyakan Bibit Kelapa Kopyor (Cocos nucifera L) Kelompok Tani Ngudi Makmur Desa Kalikalong, Kecamatan Tayu Pati Jawa Tengah." Jurnal Sains Terapan 10, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.10.1.13-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTCoconut plants are one of Indonesia's leading commodities. The low production of kopyor coconut is because farmers still carry out nurseries in the traditional way without certifying seeds so that the seeds produced are poor quality. Ngudi Makmur farmer group in Kalikalong village, Pati Regency, Central Java is a farmer group that has been engaged in the supply of kopyor palm seeds, certified and sold to various regions. The study was conducted in January to April 2020. The research methods carried out are direct and indirect methods. Data is collected by following the direct activities of propagation of coconut Kopyor, observations and interviews with Farmer Groups. The observations showed that the growth of kopyor coconut seedlings was declared good. Seedling growth increases every week on the variable number of midribs, plant height, and stem circumference. Kopyor coconut business analysis conducted on a 500 m2 or 0.5 ha area with a calculation of 1 cycle or 4 months obtained a production of coconut fruit of 1 200 pieces and 5 000 seedlings. The profit obtained is IDR 93 912 500,00 and the R / C ratio gets a value of 2,7.
ABSTRAKTanaman kelapa merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan negara Indonesia. Rendahnya produksi kelapa kopyor karena petani masih melakukan pembibitan dengan cara tradisional tanpa melakukan sertifikasi benih sehingga bibit yang dihasilkan kurang bermutu. Kelompok tani Ngudi Makmur desa Kalikalong, Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah merupakan kelompok tani yang sudah bergerak dalam bidang penyediaan bibit kelapa kopyor, bersertifikat dan dijual ke berbagai daerah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga April 2020. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu metode pengamatan langsung dan tidak langsung. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengikuti kegiatan langsung perbanyakan kelapa kopyor, pengamatan dan wawancara dengan Kelompok Tani. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa kopyor dinyatakan baik. Pertumbuhan bibit mengalami peningkatan setiap minggunya pada peubah jumlah pelepah, tinggi tanaman, dan lingkar batang. Analisis usaha kelapa kopyor yang dilakukan pada lahan 500 m2 atau 0,05 ha dengan perhitungan 1 siklus atau 4 bulan memperoleh hasil produksi buah kelapa sebesar 1 200 buah dan 5 000 bibit. Keuntungan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 93 912 500,00 dan R/C rasio memperoleh nilai sebesar 2,7.
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Oram, R. N., P. M. Dowling, P. J. Cunningham, M. W. Anderson, and R. A. Culvenor. "Selection of the persistent, seed-retaining cultivar, Australian II, within the gene pool of Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 6 (2001): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crosses were made between Australian and its seed-retaining, but inbred derivative, Uneta, to develop a vigorous, grazing-tolerant, seed-retaining phalaris cultivar similar to cv. Australian. Forty-two half-sib families from seed-retaining F 2 plants were sown in replicated plots near Orange, NSW, Canberra, ACT, and Hamilton, Victoria, in 1993. These were compared with 9 different accessions of cv. Australian, 1 certified line of cv. Uneta (duplicated), and the winter-active cultivars, Holdfast, Sirosa and Sirolan. Heavy, continuous grazing by sheep was imposed at each site from autumn, 1994, a drought year at Canberra. Seedling density was lower (Canberra site) and above-ground seedling dry weight (Canberra and Orange sites) was higher (P<0.05) in the winter-active group than in the Australian-type controls and half-sib families in 1993. At Canberra and Orange, the winter-active cultivars flowered about the same time as Australian and Uneta, but the half-sib families flowered 6–8 days later. The percentage of the ground surface occupied by phalaris tillers as estimated by point quadrats was similar in the families, Australian and Uneta during the winters of 1994 and 1995, but the families had denser stands in 1996. Swards of the winter-active cultivars were sparser (P<0.05) than those of the others, especially at Hamilton and Orange, but the winter-active cultivars yielded more, after a 6-week break from grazing, than the other lines at Canberra (P<0.05) and Hamilton (not significant) in 1995. Based on these data, 8 half-sib families with high herbage yield and high ground cover in 1995 were selected. These families flowered 1 week later than Australian, and to correct this, a ninth, early flowering genotype was added to form a new cultivar, Australian II. The potential role of this cultivar as a drought hardy, strongly persistent, grazing tolerant, high ground cover, seed-retaining replacement for cv. Australian in cooler regions is discussed.
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Kızılaslan, Nuray, and Zafer Hızarcı. "Coğrafi İşaretli Erbaa Narince Bağ Yaprağı Üreticilerinin Yüksek Sistem Bağcılığı Benimsemesini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 5 (June 2, 2022): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i5.899-906.5158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors that are effective in the adaption of high system viticulture by Erbaa narince vineyard leaf producers.Comparative analysis of the two groups using primary data collected from a total of 112 farmers, of which 44 were engaged in high-system viticulture and 68 were engaged in viticulture according to goble training system in 8 villages where it was appropriate to interview 25% of the total 33 villages in Erbaa. it is made. Demographic characteristics of producers such as number of households, education level, age and gender were examined. Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether social, economic and adoption factors differ in terms of groups. The factors that were effective in the adoption of high system viticulture were determined as the age of the producer, agricultural income, total vineyard area and viticulture experience. High system viticulture, which has been tried to be expanded in Erbaa since 1998, has not been found to be at the desired level. It is important to develop attractive credit facilities for directing in viticulture according to goble training system producers to high system viticulture, facilitate application processes in material and certified seedling support, and announcing supports to producers, increase the training-extension activities related to high system viticulture.
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Obaid Al-Shahbani, Ismail Razak, and Muhammad Tarkhan Abu Al-Mikh Al-Mamouri. "Effect of Adding Bio-Fertilizer and Spraying Nano - and Chelated Iron Fertilizer on the Nutrient Content of Orange Seedling Leaves." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The study was carried out in the certified citrus propagation nursery of the Horticultural and Forestry Company in Al-Hindiya District / Holy Karbala Governorate during the period 20/4/ up to 20/8/2021, in order to study the effect of adding bio-fertilizer and spraying nano and chelated iron fertilizers on the content of orange seedlings leaves of the elements food. The experiment included three factors, the first biological fertilizing factor, adding ground at four levels, which are (the comparison treatment, azotobacter, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi + azotobacter). It is the spraying of chelated iron in three levels (zero, 3, and 6 g / liter). A factorial experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design, and the averages of traits were compared with the L.S.D. test at the 5% probability level. The results indicated: The biofertilization treatment (Mycorrhizal fungus+ Azotobacter bacteria). And the spraying treatment with nano iron fertilizer (3 g. L-1) was significantly superior in the content of orange seedlings leaves of nutrients (Zn,Fe,K,P,N) and the spraying treatment was The chelated iron fertilizer (6g.l-1) showed the same behavior and showed significant differences in the content of nutrients in the leaves. It gave the highest concentrations of the studied elements. The dual interactions between the study factors gave significant differences in the school characteristics, as it gave the treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of nano iron (3 g. L-1), and biological fertilization (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of chelated iron (6 g. L-1), And (nano iron spray (3 g.l-1) + chelated iron spray (6g.l-1) the highest values are superior to the rest of the treatments and reached (2.58%, 0.68%, 2.81%, 300.79 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 42.80 mg. kg-1.d.w.) (2.55%, 0.64%, 2.97%, 297.79 mg. kg-1. d.w., 42.19 mg. kg-1. d.w.) (2.49%, 0.62%, 2.74%, 256.17 mg kg-1 dry weight, 39.66 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively, gave the triple interaction treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spray of nano iron (3 g. L-1) + spray of chelated iron (6 g). L-1) was significantly superior in leaf content of the studied elements, and it reached (2.77%, 0.75%, 3.20%, 309.17 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 49.40 mg. kg-1. dry weight), respectively.
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Tú, Võ Hồng, та Nguyễn Thuỳ Trang. "Giải pháp phát triển chuỗi giá trị khóm Cầu Đúc tỉnh Hậu Giang". TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC ĐẠI HỌC MỞ THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH - KINH TẾ VÀ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH 17, № 2 (2 березня 2022): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.vi.17.2.2197.2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Khóm Cầu Đúc là một trong những sản phẩm chủ lực của tỉnh Hậu Giang với 04 sản phẩm đã đạt chuẩn OCOP 03 sao. Tuy nhiên, thực trạng sản xuất và tiêu thụ của ngành hàng vẫn còn nhiều hạn chế. Do vậy, nghiên cứu tiến hành phỏng vấn 78 quan sát gồm các tác nhân trong chuỗi giá trị ngành hàng. Bằng cách sử dụng các công cụ phân tích chuỗi giá trị. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy kênh tiêu thụ thông qua thương lái vẫn là kênh chính, chiếm tỷ trọng khoảng 89%, tỷ lệ ký hợp đồng tiêu thụ giữa nông dân với doanh nghiệp còn khá hạn chế. Kênh tiêu thụ thông qua du lịch cộng đồng đã góp phần mang về giá trị gia tăng cao cho người nông dân. Về cơ cấu chi phí sản xuất khóm, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy chi phí giống, phân và lao động thuê chiếm tỷ trọng lớn. Để phát triển sinh kế cho nông hộ trồng khóm, tiết giảm chi phí là tất yếu và cụ thể là chi phí giống và đẩy mạnh ứng dụng cơ giới hóa để giảm chi phí thuê mướn lao động.
ABSTRACT
Cau Duc pineapple is one of the key products of Hau Giang province with 04 products that have been certified as 03-star OCOP. However, the production and consumption of the pineapple industry is still limited. Therefore, the study conducted interviews with 78 observations including actors in the value chain. By using value chain analysis tools, the research results show that the distribution channel through middleman still share the highest proportion, accounting for about 89%, the rate of contract farming between farmers and enterprises is quite limited. Distribution channel through community-based tourism has contributed to bringing high added value to farmers. Regarding the production cost structure of pineapple, the research shows that the cost of pineapple seedlings, fertilizer and hired labor account for a large proportion of the total cost. To develop the livelihoods of pineapple farmers, it is inevitable to reduce production cost, especially seedling costs and to promote the application of mechanization to reduce hired labor costs.
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Sampa, Asma Yeasmin, Md Ariful Alam, Md Abdul Latif, and Md Masbaul Islam. "Socio-economic status and rationale of mango cultivation based on some selected areas in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i1.41389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted among 104 mango producer through primary data collection to assess the profitability in mango production, demographic and socio-economic condition of farmers in four villages of Northern region of Bangladesh. The study encompasses the comparison of cost and profit of other crop with mango cultivation. Most farmers depend on mango production because the climate is unfavorable for field crop production but very conducive for mango cultivation in Barind ecosystem. Problem Confrontation Index (PCI) was used to measure the problems of mango production. On the basis of PCI formula, out of the 16 problems, insects and diseases infestation was identified as the major problem with PCI 429 followed by dropping of fruits and flowers with PCI 409. Lack of better varieties/ Seedling/ grafts, modern technology and climate change was also three major problems with PCI 387, 193 and 276 respectively. Cost and return analysis of mango production revealed that 10 mango varieties are founds as profitable with the higher working investment and human labor development. Cultivator had to spend 106659 taka for one hectors of land or 120 mango trees and average profit was 299010. Average profit from mango cultivation (299010Tk/ha) was higher than Average profit from onion cultivation (260412Tk/ha).Most farmers (about 87%) practiced intercropping with mango. the cost incurred by Harvesting, Sorting and Grading of mango cultivation was more than other crops. Although respondents certified that Rajshahi district is profitable in respect of mango production further study should be taken place with other variables and characteristics.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 79-90, April 2019
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Bair, Kyle E., Robert G. Stevens, and Joan R. Davenport. "(156) Improved Cover Crop Establishment and Growth Is Related to Planting Date in Organic Concord Grape Production." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1080D—1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1080d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concord grape (Vitis labrusca L.) accounts for a majority of juice grapes produced in Washington State. Because synthetic nutrients are not permissible in USDA organically-certified production systems, legume cover crops are used to supply nitrogen (N) to the crop. In order to supply a sufficient amount of N, the cover crop must successfully establish and produce large quantities of biomass. This study evaluates how the planting date influences emergence and biomass production of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. villosa L.) and yellow sweet clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.] when used as legume green manures. The research was conducted on a commercial vineyard and a research vineyard from 2003–05. Treatments for the study consisted of yellow sweet clover and hairy vetch planted in both the spring and fall. Plots receiving soluble N sources were planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.). Because of the large relative seed sizes of rye, wheat, and hairy vetch compared to yellow sweet clover, these treatments established faster with good stands in 2004. In 2005, clover plots had high emergence and biomass production because of water management modifications. Biomass data from the commercial vineyard in May 2005 indicates that fall-planted vetch produced more biomass than spring-planted vetch. Fall-planted hairy vetch and yellow sweet clover in the research vineyard showed higher biomass production than spring- and fall-planted hairy vetch and yellow sweet clover. When hairy vetch and yellow sweet clover are planted in the fall, they generally have better seedling emergence and biomass production due to the heightened aggressiveness exhibited by competing weed species during late spring and summer.
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Nair, Ajay, Mathieu Ngouajio, and John Biernbaum. "Alfalfa-based Organic Amendment in Peat-compost Growing Medium for Organic Tomato Transplant Production." HortScience 46, no. 2 (February 2011): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.2.253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last decade, organic production has been the fastest growing segment in U.S. agriculture. With increase in organic acreages there is a strong and growing demand for organically grown transplants. As a result of limited commercial availability of certified vegetable transplants, growers often produce their transplants on-farm. Commercial organic mixes for organic transplant production may not be locally available and are usually expensive. Growers often design their own mixes using compost and other organic amendments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incorporation of alfalfa-based amendment in a peat-compost medium for organic tomato transplant production. Growing medium of 2 peat:1 vermiculite:1 compost (by volume) was amended with 0%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.8%, or 2.4% weight by weight of alfalfa-based organic amendment and incubated for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Medium pH and electrical conductivity (EC), seed germination (untreated Solanum Lycopersicon L. ‘Mountain Fresh’ seed), transplant dry weight, height, stem diameter, and SPAD values were measured. Medium pH increased with addition of alfalfa-based amendment but remained within the range of 5.5 to 7.0. Germination percentages were less than 50% in amended medium that was either not incubated or incubated for 4 weeks. Germination was greater than 75% if amended media were incubated for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Seeds grown in peat-compost without any amendments had the highest germination rates; however, severe nutrient deficiency suppressed seedling growth. Relative to growth in medium with no amendments, plants growing in the amended medium had increased stem diameter, height, leaf chlorophyll content, and plant dry weight (90% to 160% more), provided the amended medium was incubated for at least 1 week. Application rate of 0.6% or 1.2% of alfalfa-based amendment produced transplants with suitable growth characteristics and met commercially acceptable standards for transplanting and handling at a reasonable estimated cost.
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NAKAMURA, Hanako. "SPECIAL ISSUE ^|^ldquo; Activities to Secure Locality-certified Seeds and Seedling for Conservation of Biodiversity ^|^rdquo;^|^mdash; in the trial for the restoration of nature on the Sanriku region damaged by 3.11,2011 earthquake ^|^mdash;." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 4 (2012): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.38.405.
Повний текст джерела
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UCHIDA, Taizo. "SPECIAL ISSUE ^|^ldquo; Activities to Secure Locality-certified Seeds and Seedling for Conservation of Biodiversity ^|^rdquo;^|^mdash; in the trial for the restoration of nature on the Sanriku region damaged by 3.11,2011 earthquake ^|^mdash;." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 4 (2012): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.38.409.
Повний текст джерела
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YOSHIHARA, Takatsugu. "SPECIAL ISSUE ^|^ldquo; Activities to Secure Locality-certified Seeds and Seedling for Conservation of Biodiversity ^|^rdquo;^|^mdash; in the trial for the restoration of nature on the Sanriku region damaged by 3.11,2011 earthquake ^|^mdash;." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 4 (2012): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.38.413.
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FUKUDA, Naoto. "SPECIAL ISSUE ^|^ldquo; Activities to Secure Locality-certified Seeds and Seedling for Conservation of Biodiversity ^|^rdquo;^|^mdash; in the trial for the restoration of nature on the Sanriku region damaged by 3.11,2011 earthquake ^|^mdash;." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 4 (2012): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.38.418.
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NAKASHIMA, Atsushi. "SPECIAL ISSUE ^|^ldquo; Activities to Secure Locality-certified Seeds and Seedling for Conservation of Biodiversity ^|^rdquo;^|^mdash; in the trial for the restoration of nature on the Sanriku region damaged by 3.11,2011 earthquake ^|^mdash;." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 4 (2012): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.38.422.
Повний текст джерела
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NAKASHIMA, Atsushi. "SPECIAL ISSUE ^|^ldquo; Activities to Secure Locality-certified Seeds and Seedling for Conservation of Biodiversity ^|^rdquo;^|^mdash; in the trial for the restoration of nature on the Sanriku region damaged by 3.11, 2011 earthquake ^|^mdash;." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 4 (2012): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.38.403.
Повний текст джерела
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NAKAMURA, Hanako. "SPECIAL ISSUE ^|^ldquo; Activities to Secure Locality-certified Seeds and Seedling for Conservation of Biodiversity ^|^rdquo;^|^mdash; in the trial for the restoration of nature on the Sanriku region damaged by 3.11, 2011 earthquake ^|^mdash;." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 38, no. 4 (2012): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.38.404.
Повний текст джерела
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Gorda, Aprillia, Eva Dolorosa, and NFN Radian. "Multidemensional Scaling Benih Lada Bersertifikat di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 32, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v32n2.2021.62-74.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><em><em>West Kalimantan Province is one of Indonesia's seven largest pepper-producing provinces and was solicited to be a pioneer and advocate of the national pepper development program. This study aimed to analyze the sustainability status of certified pepper seedlings in West Kalimantan. The sustainability of the seeds system was analyzed using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method in four districts with seed orchard and pepper seedlings producers: Bengkayang District, Sambas District, Sanggau District, and Sintang District. The research stages were an analysis of the sustainability status based on the dimensions of ecology, economy, socio-culture, technology, and infrastructure, as well as legal and institutional, followed by an MDS analysis of 50 attributes related to the sustainability index scale based on values ranging from 0–100. The ecological, socio-cultural, technological, and infrastructural dimensions were quite sustainable in the certified pepper seedlings supply system, while the economic, legal, and institutional dimensions were less sustainable. 34 out of 50 attributes were influential and sensitive to the sustainability status of certified pepper seedlings. The dominant attributes were drought/dry season (ecology), low awareness of farmers in using certified seeds (social-culture) related to low demand </em><em>for certified pepper seedlings (economy), production planning and seed distribution (technology and infrastructure), and the necessity to cooperate with a research institution and seed orchard (legal and institutional). Therefore, special efforts were required from the local government to increase the pepper seedlings' availability and provide information on good pepper cultivation management to farmers and pepper seedlings managers.</em></em></p>
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FURUNO, Masaaki, Hanako NAKAMURA, and Taizo UCHIDA. "Obtaining locality-certified seeds and seedlings through collaboration with the local communities." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 45, no. 4 (May 31, 2020): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.45.428.
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Utoyo, Bambang, and Clara Yolandika. "Farmers’ decision analysis to select certified palm oil seedlings in Lampung, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 141 (March 2018): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/141/1/012034.
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Mufidah, L., A. Sugiyatno, and L. Zamzami. "Evaluation of the certified citrus commercial seedlings distribution program for citrus fruit supply stability." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 828, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/828/1/012053.
Повний текст джерела
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Jørgensen, Tina, Thure Pavlo Hauser, and Rikke Bagger Jørgensen. "Adventitious presence of other varieties in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) from seed banks and certified seed." Seed Science Research 17, no. 2 (June 2007): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258507708103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTo obtain information on possible sources of contamination of the seed harvest of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., spp. napus) by other varieties (adventitious presence), we investigated the purity of certified seed lots; the abundance and origin of volunteers; and longevity and origin of seeds in the soil seed-bank. This information was acquired through DNA analysis of volunteers collected in the field and seedlings derived from the soil seed-bank. DNA profiles of the volunteers and seedlings were obtained using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, and the profiles were compared with ISSR profiles from an assortment of 14 of the most commonly cultivated oilseed rape varieties from 1985 to 2004. This comparison was performed using the assignment program, AFLPOP. The age of the seed bank germinating to become volunteers was assumed from information on previously cultivated oilseed rape varieties at the site and the year of cultivation. The results showed that plants or seeds belonged to varieties cultivated at the site 4–17 years earlier, suggesting a long persistence of volunteer populations. High volunteer frequencies (6%, 29% and 32%) were found in the three oilseed rape fields analysed and, from soil cores, their soil seed-bank was estimated to be 50–100 seeds m− 2. The ISSR analysis of the 14 reference varieties showed that three of the certified seed lots contained other varieties above the allowed threshold. Our findings are discussed in the context of the coexistence between GM (genetically modified) and non-GM oilseed rape, and future levels of seed purity.
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Tonello, Eduardo Silvestrini, Nataliê Luíse Fabbian, Deivid Sacon, Aline Netto, Vanessa Neumann Silva, and Paola Mendes Milanesi. "Soybean seed origin effects on physiological and sanitary quality and crop yield." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 5 (July 4, 2019): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The suitable establishment of a crop depends on seed quality, among another factors. However, with high production costs many producers use uncertified seeds, to reduce expenses with this input at sowing time. The objective was to evaluate germination, vigor and health of soybean seeds, diseases incidence in cvs. NS 5445 IPRO and BMX Ativa RR, whose seeds were of certified and uncertified origins, as well as yield components and grain yield of soybeans, with or without fungicides application. The experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 crop season, in Erechim-RS. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC): one in the laboratory, under a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (cultivar x origin); and another in the field in a homogeneous area, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (with/without fungicide application and certified/uncertified seed) for two cultivars, both with four replications. The variables evaluated were: germination and seed health, yield (kg ha-1), thousand grains weight (g), number of grains per plant, and incidence of foliar fungal diseases. The main fungi identified in seeds were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The highest incidence percentage were obtained in uncertifed seeds, at two harvests. Both cultivars and origins presented the minimum germination required for commercialization, however, certified seeds had better performance for seed vigor. As for normal seedlings, there was a significant difference only for the 2016/17 crop season, with the highest percentage obtained in certified seeds (52.0% for NS 5445 and 73.5% for BMX Ativa). Best productivity was achieved with cultivation of certified seeds associated with fungicides in both crops and cultivars. For thousand grains weight (TGW) there was no difference in origin, but only for cultivar and fungicides apply. The number of grains per plant was higher in plants from certified seeds and that received fungicides, being cv. BMX Ativa the most responsive for the two harvests analyzed. The main diseases found in the two harvests were: Asian rust, powdery mildew, mildew, septoriosis and cercosporiosis. However, seed origin, in both crops, did not differ in the incidence of Asian rust, powdery mildew and mildew, but for septoriosis and cercosporiosis, considered soybean late season diseases, seed origin is a determining fator.
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Egorov, E. A., Zh A. Shadrina, G. A. Kochyan, I. M. Kulikov, and A. A. Borisova. "The role of breeding and nursery centers in the innovative development of the horticulture branch." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-4-49-57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goals and objectives of breeding and nursery centers in the innovative development of horticulture in Russia are determined. The priority role of a fruit plant (variety, scion-rootstock combination) in the formation of modern technologies is actualized. The analysis of the availability of planting seedlings of domestic production has been presented. The priority of developing varietal, technological, and phytosanitary policies in the development of nursery production is determined. Attention is focused on the role of breeding and nursery centers in the production of planting material and seedlings of the highest quality categories. The structure of organization of breeding processes is presented. Regulation of production of certified planting material of the highest quality categories is represented by the structure of the organization of nursery processes. The definitions of “breeding and nursery center” depending on the form of organization are provided, the costs of organizing a breeding and nursery center are calculated, and the criteria characteristics that it should have are given.
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SHIMOZONO, Hisaaki, Manabu MIYAZATO, Tomohiro ZUSHI, Kouhei HOYAMA, and Seiji NAKAMURA. "Revegetation on the cutting slopes of the forest road by planting seedlings certified producing site in Amami-Oshima." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 33, no. 4 (2007): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.33.596.
Повний текст джерела