Статті в журналах: "Central Plains of China"

1

He, Huizhong, and Fuqing Zhang. "Diurnal Variations of Warm-Season Precipitation over Northern China." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3356.1.

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Abstract This study examines the diurnal variations of the warm-season precipitation over northern China using the high-resolution precipitation products obtained from the Climate Prediction Center’s morphing technique (CMORPH) during May–August of 2003–09. The areas of focus are the Yanshan–Taihangshan Mountain ranges along the east peripheries of the Loess and Inner Mongolian Plateaus and the adjacent North China Plains. It is found that the averaged peak in local precipitation begins early in the afternoon near the top of the mountain ranges and propagates downslope and southeastward at a speed of ∼13 m s−1. The peak reaches the central North China Plains around midnight and the early morning hours resulting in a broad area of nocturnal precipitation maxima over the plains. The diurnal precipitation peak (minimum) is closely collocated with the upward (downward) branch of a mountain–plains solenoid (MPS) circulation. Both the MPS and a low-level southwesterly nocturnal jet are likely to be jointly responsible for the nighttime precipitation maxima over the plains.

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2

Dong, Xu, Wensi Fu, Yali Yang, Chenguang Liu, and Guizhi Xue. "Study on the Evaluation of Green Technology Innovation Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in the Central Plains City Cluster of China." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 11012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711012.

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Green technology innovation, containing economic, social and ecological triple value effects, plays an important role in promoting regional high-quality development. In this paper, we take the Central Plains city cluster, one of China’s top ten national city clusters, as the research object and use the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model to measure and analyze its green technology innovation efficiency. The panel spatial Durbin model (SDM) is used to empirically investigate the market-based, policy and social factors that affect green technology innovation efficiency in the Central Plains city cluster. The main findings are as follows: (1) The green technology innovation efficiency in the Central Plains city cluster shows a fluctuating upward trend from 2009 to 2019, and the spatial differences are obvious, but this spatial difference has converged somewhat over time; (2) Economic development and industrial structure upgrading are the dominant market forces driving green technology innovation efficiency in the Central Plains city cluster, while opening up and enterprise performance hurt the efficiency of green technology innovation; (3) By strengthening environmental regulation and fiscal expenditures on science and technology, the government plays a guiding role in promoting green technology efficiency; (4) Human capital can provide talent support for green technology innovation to effectively promote the efficiency of green technology innovation in the Central Plains city cluster, while the impact of urbanization on green technology innovation efficiency is not significant; (5) In addition to urbanization, the market-based, policy, and social factors that affect green technology innovation efficiency in the Central Plains city cluster also present significant spatial spillover effects. To further promote green technology innovation efficiency in the Central Plains city cluster in the future, we should significantly promote the green transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, improve the quality of opening up to the outside world, strengthen environmental supervision and optimize its governance model, increase government support for green innovation, improve the talent cultivation and introduction system, and mobilize enterprises’ enthusiasm for green technology innovation.

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3

Zhou, Guangliang, Congyu Zhao, Ming Wu, Yu Chen, and Fuli Zhou. "Spatial Heterogeneity of Coupling Coordination Development between Logistics and Economy in Central Plains of China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (January 21, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7388666.

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The coupling of logistics and economy is of great significance for regional development. To promote the regional development of urban agglomeration in Central Plains of China, this paper attempts to study the spatial divergence of coupling development and the influential factors. The 30 urban cities in Central Plains of China have been regarded as the research objects. We develop an integrated framework to derive the coupling degree between logistics and economy in this region including linear weighting method, coupling coordination degree model, and exploratory spatial data analysis. The spatial pattern of the coupling coordination degree between logistics and economy is studied by the visualization evolution analysis. In addition, the GWR model is formulated to study the influential factors of regional coupling development. The results show that (1) the integrated development level of logistics industry and economy in the Central Plains City Cluster is low, and the development difference between regions is significant; (2) the overall coupling and coordination level of logistics industry and economy in the Central Plains City Cluster is not high and is at the stage of imminent disorder; in space, it presents a spatial pattern of “high in the center and low around”; (3) the coupling coordination degree around each region and city is a strong positive spatial correlation and agglomeration situation significantly; (4) the ranking of the influence degree of each driving factor from high to low is urbanization rate; science and technology level; education level; and population density.

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4

Shan, Yueying. "The pattern of archaeological cultures in northern China during the Eastern Zhou Period to the Qin Dynasty – also on the interactions among the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups and the Central Plains." Chinese Archaeology 16, no. 1 (November 27, 2016): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2016-0017.

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Abstract Through the systematic trimming and analysis to the remains of the archaeological cultures of the Eastern Zhou Period through the Qin Dynasty in northern China, this paper puts forward that during this period, there were two cultural zones (the north and south cultural “belts”) with clearly different cultural features and connotations and peoples bearing clearly different physical characteristics in northern China, and discussed the regional differences of the remains of the archaeological cultures in each cultural belt and their developments and changes. The cultures in the south cultural belt could not be regarded as a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but a kind of culture peculiar to the transitional zone between the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes and that in the Central Plains; the development and evolution of the north cultural belt, which emerged in the mid to the late Spring-and-Autumn Period, can be divided into three clear phases: the first phase was a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but since the second phase, the cultural features and connotations of this belt began to stray out of the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, which would be closely related to the military conquering and political management of the Central Plains polities and the powerful northward advance of the cultures of the Central Plains. Referring to the relevant historic literature, this paper made further observations to the interactions among the polities of the Central Plains and the peoples in these two cultural belts and the changes of the cultural patterns in each of the two cultural belts, and revealed the processes of the Sinicization of the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups in northern China. This paper pointed out that the Hu ethnic group lived in northern China since the mid Spring-and-Autumn Period, and the later appearance of the Hu people in the historic literatures was related to the northward advances of the territories of polities of the Central Plains rather than the southward invasion of the nomadic tribes living in the present-day Mongolian Plateau.

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5

Li, Jian She, and Qian Song. "Study on Mechanism of Regional Economy Integrated Development in Central Plains Economic Zone." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.998.

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Central plains economic zone is the significant strategic concept to reduce the economic gap with eastern region, and realize the rise of central China. Based on members positioned, economic integrated development mechanism of the central plains economic zone is the vital drivers of optimizing the resources configuration, accelerating industrial structure adjustment and realizing the coordinated development of the area. From the division mechanism, cooperative mechanism and cluster mechanism, the article analyses the necessity of operating mechanism by the game model, and puts forward some proposal for the economy integrated development mechanism on government, industry and society.

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6

Feng, Zhaodong (Jordan), Pengfei Wu, and Zhen Qin. "Climate change, Yellow River dynamics and human civilization in Central Plains of China." Quaternary International 521 (June 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.07.036.

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7

Wang, Wanli, Guiling Wang, Feng Liu, and Chunlei Liu. "Characterization of Ground Thermal Conditions for Shallow Geothermal Exploitation in the Central North China Plain (NCP) Area." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 7375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197375.

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The central North China Plain (NCP) is one of the rapidly developing regions in China which has a great potential for ground source heat pump (GSHP) system applications. However, the ground thermal property, which is a prerequisite for GSHP system design, has been insufficiently investigated. In this paper, the ground thermal conditions including ground temperature and thermal conductivity are characterized in three representative hydrogeological regions in the NCP area: the piedmont alluvial plain, the central alluvial plain, and the coastal plain. Results show that the geothermal gradient below 40 m in depth in this area ranges from 0.018 °C/m to 0.029 °C/m. Although the thermal conductivity measured by soil samples differs slightly among the three regions, parameters in the piedmont plain have a larger variability than in the central and coastal plain due to the significant heterogeneity of the lithology. Thermal conductivity measured by the thermal response test (TRT) ranges between 2.37 and 2.68 W/(m·K) in the piedmont plain and varies between 1.35 and 1.94 W/(m·K) in the central and coastal plain, indicating that the piedmont plain has a higher potential for shallow geothermal exploitation than other two sub-areas. Comparing the TRT with laboratory measurements, the thermal conductivity obtained by the TRT is greater than that of the lab measurements in the piedmont plain due to the TRT outputs including the effects of groundwater flow. Therefore, the TRT is highly recommended to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of the ground in the piedmont plain, while laboratory and field tests are both suitable methods for the determination of thermal conductivity in the central and coastal plains.

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8

Hu, Chen Cheng, Chao Chen, Yang Yu, Xiang Bo Zhou, Shan Lin, and Shu Jun Zhou. "Study on the Direction of Land Reclamation and Ecological Reconstruction in Jiaozuo Coal Mining Area under the Angle of Central Plains Economic Zone." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4991.

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With the building of Central Plains Economic Zone written on the national development strategy, a new opportunity is approaching to the development of Jiaozuo. This paper firstly expounds the overview of Jiaozuo coal mining area and the connotation of Central China Economic Zone under the Angle of Central China Economic Zone, Combines the Research of Land Reclamation and Ecological Reconstruction with Related Practice in Jiaozuo coal mining area, it goes deeply into the analysis on the research according to the positioning and requirements of Jiaozuo in the Central China Economic Zone. Study on the direction of Land Reclamation and Ecological Reconstruction in Jiaozuo coal mining area under the Angle of Central China Economic Zone, aiming to provide some theoretical reference on the Research of Mine land remediation and utilization for Resource-exhausted Cities in the time of Development Strategic Transformation.

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9

Rawson, Jessica, Limin Huan, and William Timothy Treal Taylor. "Seeking Horses: Allies, Clients and Exchanges in the Zhou Period (1045–221 BC)." Journal of World Prehistory 34, no. 4 (December 2021): 489–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10963-021-09161-9.

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AbstractHorses and chariots—and the associated technology and expertise—derived from the steppe contributed to the success of the Zhou conquest of the Shang in c. 1045 BC and remained important throughout Zhou rule in ancient China. On the basis of material cultural patterns, including the style and material used in bridle cheek-pieces found in tombs of the late second and early first millennium BC, this paper points to a northern origin for Zhou horses. Important intermediaries, providing these horses, were the clans whose cemeteries have been identified on the northern edges of the Central Plains. The necessity for repeated exchanges bringing south horses from the north was a consequence of key environmental differences between the steppe and the Central Plains, including climate, geomorphology, essential soil nutrients, and land use. These created significant difficulties in sustainably breeding and pasturing horses of quality. As a result, the people of the Central Plains were bound, over millennia, to seek horses from the northwest, along a cultural corridor that also moved northern materials and technologies, such as gold-, iron- and some bronze-working, into the Central Plains from the steppes.

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10

Li, Xuedong, Yunhui Liu, Yajuan Chen, Pengyao Li, and Zhenrong Yu. "Village Regrouping in the Eastern Plains of China: A Perspective on Home-Field Distance." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061630.

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Rural decline caused by rapid urbanization is a global issue, and village regrouping is an effective way to revitalize the countryside. The eastern plains of China (EPC) were the first regions to implement the policy of village regrouping in China. Despite being one of the most critical factors in village regrouping, home-field distances (HFDs) in these areas have received little attention. In this study, we selected 240 sample points in the EPC through spatial stratified sampling, each of which is a square of 10 × 10 km2. Based on high-resolution remote sensing images, the inter-regional differences of rural settlements and home-field straight-line distances (HFLDs) in the EPC were systematically analyzed. Based on the central place theory (CPT), the influencing mechanism of the HFLD, the maximum HFLD acceptable to farmers, and the reasonable number, distribution pattern, and service scope of central villages in the EPC were further explored. The results indicate that HFLDs in the EPC have significant latitude zonality and spatial autocorrelation. In the northeastern China plain (NECP), north China plain (NCP), and middle and lower reaches plain of the Yangtze River (MLPYR), the ranges of the maximum HFLD are 1000–4000 m, 500–2200 m, and 500–1500 m, respectively. The distribution pattern of rural settlements, the traffic conditions, and the vehicles used by farmers during periods of land development directly impact the HFLD. HFLDs in the EPC should not exceed 3.6–4.2 km (NECP can use the higher standard-4.2 km, NCP and MLPYR can use the lower standard-3.6 km), the service range of each rural settlement should not exceed 33.6–45.8 km2, and the number of rural settlements per 100 km2 should be greater than three. The rural settlements should be discretely distributed so that each piece of farmland can be tended. The MLPYR demonstrates the greatest potential for village regrouping, and the Chinese government should invest more funds in village regrouping and central village construction in the MLPYR. This study can provide a case study for developing countries in the urbanization phase, so as to improve the rationality of village regrouping planning.

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11

Shi, Jingsong. "Shang dynasty bronzes and society in southern China: an illustration of complexity and diversity." Chinese Archaeology 20, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2020-0013.

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AbstractThe production and use of bronzes had significant influences on the social developments even the formation of the early states. However, in different areas, the bronzes played different roles. By observing the different characteristics of the bronzes in the Central Plains, the Ganjiang River basin, the Xiangjiang River basin, and the Chengdu Plains, various developments of societies can be revealed. The case studies of these areas can further explain the complex relationships between the bronzes and their societies, as well as the diversity of the patterns of the developments of the ancient societies.

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12

Zhou, Yan, Ming Luo, and Zhong Ke Bai. "Land Reclamation Zoning and Evaluation of Land Suitability in Mining Areas in China." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4751.

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Different types of reclaimed land require different land reclamation techniques. This study uses previous research to divide the mining areas in China into 10 land reclamation zones according to the climatic zones, soil conditions and the distribution of mines. The country is divided into the following zones: the northeast plains and hills region, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region, the Yangtze River Basin region, the southwest mountainous and hilly region, the central mountainous and hilly region, the southeast coast hilly region, the northwest arid semi-arid region, the Loess Plateau region, the Inner Mongolian grasslands region, and the Tibetan Plateau region. The subsided, excavated and occupied lands in the mining areas are divided into two categories, suitable for reclamation and unsuitable for reclamation, based on geological and geomorphological characteristics, climate, hydrology, soil conditions, and social demand. In addition, the suitability of waste land in each area is evaluated. This study provides a basis for waste land reclamation in Chinas mining areas.

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13

Fang, Fang, Xiasang Chen, Jie Lv, Xinyan Shi, Xiaojuan Feng, Zhen Wang, and Xiang Li. "Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Chinese Honeybee (Apis Cerana Cerana) in Central China." Genes 13, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13061007.

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Central China has a rich terrain with a temperate monsoon climate and varied natural environments for the Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana). However, little comprehensive research on population genetic diversity has been done in this area. A population survey of the structure and genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana in this area is deeply needed for understanding adaptation to variable environments and providing more references for the protection of honeybee biodiversity. In this study, we present a dataset of 72 populations of Chinese honeybees collected from nine sites by whole genome sequencing in Central China. We obtained 2,790,214,878 clean reads with an average covering a depth of 22×. A total of 27,361,052 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained by mapping to the reference genome with an average mapping rate of 93.03%. Genetic evolution analysis was presented via the population structure and genetic diversity based on the datasets of SNPs. It showed that Apis cerana cerana in plains exhibited higher genetic diversity than in mountain areas. The mantel test between Apis cerana cerana groups revealed that some physical obstacles, especially the overurbanization of the plains, contributed to the differentiation. This study is conducive to elucidating the evolution of Apis cerana in different environments and provides a theoretical basis for investigating and protecting the Chinese honeybee.

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14

Zhao, Dadi, Yu Lei, Yu Zhang, Xurong Shi, Xin Liu, Yanling Xu, and Wenbo Xue. "Analysis of vehicular CO2 emission in the Central Plains of China and its driving forces." Science of The Total Environment 814 (March 2022): 152758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152758.

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15

XIA, Zhengkai. "Extreme flood events and climate change around 3500 aBP in the Central Plains of China." Science in China Series D 47, no. 7 (2004): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/03yd0287.

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16

Wang, X., Y. X. Li, H. X. Dong, X. Z. Jia, and X. Y. Zhang. "First Report of Volutella buxi Causing Volutella Blight on Buxus bodinieri in Central Plains China." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (July 2017): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-16-1487-pdn.

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17

Sun, Jianhua, and Fuqing Zhang. "Impacts of Mountain–Plains Solenoid on Diurnal Variations of Rainfalls along the Mei-Yu Front over the East China Plains." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 2 (February 2012): 379–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00041.1.

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Convection-permitting numerical experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are performed to examine the impact of a thermally driven mountain–plains solenoid (MPS) on the diurnal variations of precipitation and mesoscale convective vortices along the mei-yu front over the east China plains during 1–10 July 2007. The focus of the analyses is a 10-day simulation that used the 10-day average of the global analysis at 0000 UTC as the initial condition and the 10-day averages every 6 h as lateral boundary conditions (with diurnal variations only). Despite differences in the rainfall intensity and location, this idealized experiment successfully simulated the observed diurnal variation and eastward propagation of rainfall and mesoscale convective vortices along the mei-yu front. It was found that the upward branch of the MPS, along with the attendant nocturnal low-level jet, is primarily responsible for the midnight-to-early-morning rainfall enhancement along the mei-yu front. The MPS is induced by differential heating between the high mountain ranges in central China and the low-lying plains in east China. Diabatic heating from moist convection initiated and/or enhanced by the solenoid circulation subsequently leads to the formation of a mesoscale convective vortex that further organizes and amplifies moist convection while propagating eastward along the mei-yu front. The downward branch of the MPS, on the other hand, leads to the suppression of precipitation over the plains during the daytime. The impacts of this regional MPS on the rainfall diurnal variations are further attested to by another idealized WRF simulation that uses fixed lateral boundary conditions.

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18

YANG, CHEN, SVITLANA LUKASH, and GUO QINGRAN. "ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRI-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH - THE CASE OF CENTRAL PLAINS ECONOMIC ZONE OF CHINA." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-33-42.

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The main problem for farmers in China is the search for possible ways to maximize income. Especially relevant today is tourism, which has a broad reach and deep connections with many fields of the national economy. Agritourism in China has recently undergone significant development, expansion and renewal. As part of the Belt and Road Initiative, active rural development and other activities are being undertaken to improve a promising investment environment for tourism. The development of tourism products that integrated with the agricultural sector is becoming a promising form of cooperation with the rural population in the future. Eco-agriculture tourism is a new direction for farmers. The development of eco-agriculture not only contributes to the optimization and adaptation of the agricultural structure, increasing in the added value of agricultural products, but also contributes to the development of services, economic and technological cooperation, the exchange and inflow of funds into the country's economy. It is a new way of strengthening the connection between urban and rural areas, improving the general condition of farmers, developing agricultural infrastructure and creating a harmonious environment between man and nature. As the development of the Central Plains Economic Zone has become part of a national strategy, the development of tourism in the Central Plains Economic Zone has a great potential. In the Central Plains, where natural conditions are better, the development of a local agro-tourism economy as a starting point can greatly increase farmers' incomes, since the development of agritourism can promote the development of related industries and facilitate the optimization and modernization of industrial structures. This can improve infrastructure, save farmers 'production costs, increase farmers' employment. The transfer of surplus agricultural labor may also contribute to the realization of a harmonious sustainable economic and environmental development. Taking as an example the economic zone of the Central Plains, the main task of this article is to study the relationship between the development of ecological-agricultural tourism and economic growth, which substantiates the new trend of national economic development. This article regards the Central Plains Economic Zone as a research object and uses the econometric method of analyzing and examining the relationship between tourism development and economic growth in the Central Plains Economic Zone. Eco-farming is a new outlet for farmers. The development of eco-agricultural tourism will not only help to optimize and adjust the structure of agriculture, increase the added value of agricultural products, but will also promote the development of services, economic and technological cooperation, attract additional investments, will also promote the development of catering, hospitality, economy tourism products and real estate, thus contributing to the growth of agriculture as a whole. To analyze the source of economic growth, we need to know the main driving force behind economic growth. Neoclassical economic theory argues that economic growth depends on three factors: labor, capital, and technological progress. The main model of economic growth is the production function of Cobb-Douglas with the addition of variable income from tourism. Stata software was used for empirical analysis of the model. Keywords: agritourism, sustainable development, economic growth, environment, social development, economic development.

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19

Pang, Xiaoxia. "A study on the Neolithic turquoises in China." Chinese Archaeology 16, no. 1 (November 27, 2016): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2016-0014.

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Abstract The turquoise objects of the Neolithic Age in China are mainly unearthed in the seven regions: the Central Plains, the Haidai cultural zone, the Gansu-Qinghai-Ningxia region, the Northern Frontier Zone, the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the lower reach of the Yangtze River and the South China. Their main functions are ornaments and burial objects, and their distribution was expanding constantly from the early to the late Neolithic Age: in the early period, they were only seen in the Central Plains and the Northern Frontier Zone; down to the late period, they were found in all of the seven regions. The forms and types of the turquoise objects were changing from simple to complex and from single object to parts and adornments inlayed or attached to other objects. At the beginning, the manufacturing techniques were relatively simple, but the engraving skill appeared. The turquoise objects were mainly unearthed from burials; when they just emerged, they were not the symbols of the statuses, positions and the wealth as well as genders and ages of the tomb occupants. However, during the Longshan Age, in some regions the turquoise was attached to some exquisite utensils or implements which might be used as ritual instruments, and began to become symbols of statuses and ranks, which was the most obvious in the Haidai area. As for the resources of the turquoise, it is still to be explored that they were imported from the peripheral area of present-day China or obtained locally.

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20

Xia, Rudi, Da-Lin Zhang, and Bailin Wang. "A 6-yr Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Climatology and Its Relationship to Rainfall over Central and Eastern China." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 12 (December 2015): 2443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0029.1.

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AbstractThe cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning climatology and its relationship to rainfall over central and eastern China is examined, using data from 32 million CG lightning flashes and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission measurements during a 6-yr period covering 2008–13. Results show substantial spatial and temporal variations of flash density across China. Flash counts are the highest (lowest) in summer (winter) with the lowest (highest) proportion of positive flashes. CG lightning over northern China is more active only in summer, whereas in winter CG lightning is more active only in the Yangtze River basin. The highest CG lightning densities, exceeding 9 flashes per kilometer squared per year and more than 70 CG lightning days per year, are found in the northern Pearl River delta region, followed by the Sichuan basin, the Yangtze River delta, and the southeastern coast of China in that order. Lower-flash-density days occur over mountainous regions as a result of the development of short-lived afternoon storms, while higher-flash-density days, typically associated with nocturnal thunderstorms, appear over the north China plain and Sichuan basin. The highest number of CG lightning flashes is found in August whereas monthly convective rainfall peaks in May or July. Flash rates during the warm season are typically maximized in the afternoon hours in coincidence with a convective rainfall peak except for the Sichuan basin and its surrounding mountainous areas where a single late-night convective rainfall peak dominates. Much less lightning activity corresponds to a late-night to morning rainfall peak over the plains in eastern China because of the increased proportion of stratiform rainfall during that period.

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21

Zhang, Chunxi, Qinghong Zhang, and Yuqing Wang. "Climatology of Hail in China: 1961–2005." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1603.1.

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Abstract A previous hail climatology of China was based upon observations during 1951–60. An effort has been made in this study to update this hail climatology in China with the use of a much longer record of observations from 1961 to 2005. This is made possible with the release of a new, comprehensive collection of hail observational data in May 2006 by the National Meteorological Information Center of China. The focus herein is to document the mean annual geographical distribution of hail frequency and seasonal and diurnal variations of hail occurrence. The results show that hail occurs most frequently in the high mountainous areas and northern plains. As a result, hail frequency is generally higher in northern China than in southern China. The hail frequency is highest over the central Tibetan Plateau. Hail seasons start in late spring and end in early autumn in northern and western China; they start mainly in spring in southern and southwestern China. On the diurnal time scale, hail events occur mainly between 1500 and 2000 local time in most of China except in Guizhou and Hubei Provinces (central western China), where hail events often occur during nighttime.

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22

Hu, Jia-Jun, Gui-Ping Zhao, Yong-Lan Tuo, Zheng-Xiang Qi, Lei Yue, Bo Zhang, and Yu Li. "Ecological Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Macrofungi from Eastern Mountainous Areas to the Central Plains of Jilin Province, China." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080871.

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Macrofungi are essential in forest ecological functioning. Their distribution and diversity are primarily impacted by vegetation, topography, and environmental factors, such as precipitation and temperature. However, the composition and topographical changes of the macrofungi between the eastern mountainous area and central plains of Jilin Province are currently unknown. For this study, we selected six investigational sites representing three different topographical research sites in Jilin Province to assess macrofungal diversity, and applied a quadrat sampling method. Macro- and micro-morphological characteristics combined with the molecular method were used to identify the collected macrofungi. Meanwhile, selected meteorological data were obtained for statistical analysis. As a result, 691 species were identified, of which Agarics were the most common, accounting for 60.23%, while the Cantharelloid fungi were the least common (0.91%). Furthermore, most of the shared genera (species) were saprophytic. The α diversity showed that the species diversity and richness in Longwan National Forest Park (B2) were the highest at the genus level. The mycorrhizal macrofungi proportion revealed that Quanshuidong Forest Farm (A1) was the healthiest. Finally, species composition similarity decreased with the transition from mountainous to hilly plains. We concluded that the occurrence of macrofungi was most influenced by vegetation. The air humidity, precipitation, and wind velocity were also found to significantly impact the occurrence of macrofungi. Finally, the mycorrhizal:saprophytic ratios and species similarity decreased with the transition from the mountainous area to the plains. The results presented here help elucidate the macrofungi composition and their relationship with environmental factors and topography in Jilin Province, which is crucial for sustainable utilization and future conservation.

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Wang, Jianwei, Nengzhan Zheng, Hong Liu, Xinyi Cao, Yanguo Teng, and Yuanzheng Zhai. "Distribution, Formation and Human Health Risk of Fluorine in Groundwater in Songnen Plain, NE China." Water 13, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 3236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223236.

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Songnen Plain is one of the three great plains in northeast China with abundant groundwater resources. The continuous population growth and the rapid development of agriculture and economy in China has caused a series of environmental problems in the plain, such as endemic diseases caused by the accumulation of harmful substances in drinking water. This paper conducts a systematic investigation of fluorine in the groundwater of Songnen Plain. The results showed that fluorine was widespread in the groundwater of the plain in the concentration range of BDL–8.54 mg·L−1, at a mean value of 0.63 mg·L−1 and detectable at a rate of 85.91%. The highest concentrations of fluorine were found in central and southwest areas of the plain. The concentration exceeded the guideline values for fluorine in drinking water and may have varying degrees of adverse effects on adults, and especially children, in the study area. The fluorine in groundwater mainly came from the dissolution of fluorite and other fluorine-containing minerals, and the concentrations and distribution of fluorine were affected by cation exchange, groundwater flow field and hydrochemical indexes (pH, TDS and HCO3−). The study provides scientific basis for the investigation, evaluation and prevention of endemic diseases caused by fluorine.

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Zhou, Yu, Yanxin Wang, Yilian Li, François Zwahlen, and Julie Boillat. "Hydrogeochemical characteristics of central Jianghan Plain, China." Environmental Earth Sciences 68, no. 3 (July 17, 2012): 765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1778-9.

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Li, Ying Chao. "Research and Practice on Village Renovation in Central Plains - A Case Study of Lilin Town." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2840.

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The rural area in the central plain area in Henan province, China has problems such as inefficient land use and unplanned village setup. This study was performed in Lilin town to develop a pilot redevelopment system. Conservation of local characteristics and protection of the farmers’ interest are the high priority in the new rural development plan which aims to create a harmonious relationship among the land, water, road, forest, and the residence. By strategically redistributing local resources, the plan helped to resolve the fund shortage problem, and significantly promoted development of both urban and suburban areas.

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Kang, Jiayu, Xuejun Duan, Wei Yan, and Zhiyuan Ma. "Spatial Differentiation and Impact Factors of Tourism Development: A Case Study of the Central Plains, China." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 7313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127313.

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This study aims to summarize the patterns of spatial differentiation and impact factors on tourism development. This research used the Central Plains as the study area to analyze the spatial differentiation patterns of tourism development from 2005 to 2018. The study used spatial econometric methods, such as the spatial Durbin model and the geodetector model, to explore the impact factors of tourism development. According to the results, the spatial differentiation characteristics of domestic tourism and inbound tourism were similar, and the spatial agglomeration of both had significantly narrowed. The study also found impact factors in the study have a differential influence on domestic tourism and inbound tourism, with a strong spatial spillover effect on domestic tourism compared to inbound tourism. For a long time, domestic tourism has been impacted mainly by tourism policies and economic levels, inbound tourism has been impacted by tourism policies, and the level of openness to the outside world does not have a major impact on inbound tourism. Reasonable explanations are provided for these results and policy implications are drawn.

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Han, D., and X. Ding. "THE PROSPECT OF CULTIVAR RESOURCES AND UTILIZATION OF PERSIMMON IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS REGION OF CHINA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 996 (June 2013): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.996.6.

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Zhang, Yuanchun, Fuqing Zhang, Christopher A. Davis, and Jianhua Sun. "Diurnal Evolution and Structure of Long-Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortices along the Mei-Yu Front over the East China Plains." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0197.1.

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Abstract The structure and diurnal evolution of long-lived, eastward-propagating mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) along typical summertime mei-yu fronts over the east China plains are investigated through composite analysis of a 30-day semi-idealized simulation. The simulation uses lateral boundary conditions that vary only diurnally in time using analyses of recurring MCV events during 1–10 July 2007. Hence, the behavior of convection and vorticity follows a closely repeating diurnal cycle for each day during the simulation. Assisted by the eastward extension of enhanced vorticity anomalies from the Sichuan basin, the incipient MCV forms in the morning hours over the immediate lee (east) of the central China mountain ranges (stage 1). From local afternoon to early evening, as the MCV moves over the plains, convection weakens in the daytime downward branch of the mountain–plains solenoid. This allows the upper-level and lower-level portions of the vortex to partially decouple, and for convection to shift to the east-southeast side of the surface vortex (stage 2). Immediately after sunset, convection reinvigorates above the low-level MCV center as a result of moistening and destabilization from a combination of radiative forcing and an intensified low-level jet. This intensifies the MCV to maturity (stage 3). The mature MCV eventually evolves into an occluding subsynoptic cyclone with strong convection across all sectors of the low-level vorticity center during the subsequent day’s morning hours along the east China coastal plains before it moves offshore (stage 4).

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Yu, Zhen, Xiaobin Jin, Lijuan Miao, and Xuhong Yang. "A historical reconstruction of cropland in China from 1900 to 2016." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 3203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3203-2021.

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Abstract. A spatially explicit cropland distribution time-series dataset is the basis for the accurate assessment of biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems and their feedback to the climate system; however, this type of dataset is lacking in China. Existing cropland maps have a coarse resolution, are intermittently covered, or the data are inconsistent. We reconstructed a continuously covered cropland distribution dataset in China spanning from 1900 to 2016 by assimilating multiple data sources. In total, national cropland acreage expanded from 77.72 Mha in 1900 to a peak of 151.00 Mha in 1979, but it consistently decreased thereafter to 134.92 Mha in 2016. The cropland was primarily distributed in three historically cultivated plains in China: the Sichuan Plain, the Northern China Plain, and the Northeast China Plain. Cropland abandonment was approximately 43.12 Mha: it was mainly concentrated in the Northern China Plain and the Sichuan Plain and occurred during the 1990–2010 period. Cropland expansion was over 74.37 Mha: it was primarily found in the southeast, northern central, and northeast regions of China and occurred before 1950. In comparison, the national total and spatial distribution of cropland in the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) were distorted during the period from 1960 to 1980 due to the biased signal from the Chinese Agricultural Yearbook. We advocate that newly reconstructed cropland data, in which the bias has been corrected, should be used as the updated data for regional and global assessments, such as greenhouse gas emission accounting studies and food production simulations. The cropland dataset is available via an open-data repository (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13356680; Yu et al., 2020).

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Zhixi, Gao. "Shang and Zhou period bronze musical instruments from south China." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 55, no. 2 (June 1992): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00004614.

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A large number of bronze musical instruments of the Shang and Zhou periods (thirteenth–ninth centuries B.C.E.) which display pronounced regional characteristics have been unearthed in south China. As systematic research on these was relatively late in getting under way, their importance in terms of archaeology and the history of music has not yet been nearly sufficiently recognized. Many divisions remain among scholars on issues of typology, periodization and the origins of yongzhong bells, and on the question of the relationship of these artifacts to central plains culture. In this article I intend to discuss my own views on these questions.

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Sun, Zhouyong, Jing Shao, and Nan Di. "Shimao culture: naming, distribution, and chronology." Chinese Archaeology 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2021-0010.

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Abstract By synthesizing previous studies and the most updated archaeological data by typical stratigraphic contexts and assemblages, Hetao region cultural remains represented by li-tripods with double-handles should be considered part of the Shimao culture. With its core distribution area spanning from northern Shaanxi to central-northern Shanxi to central-southern Inner Mongolia, the development of Shimao culture can be divided into three phases: early, middle, and late. The absolute dating of the Shimao culture ranges from approximately 2300 BCE to 1800 BCE. The Shimao culture was therefore a major late Longshan archaeological culture in northern China that stands apart from its peers in the Central Plains.

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32

Liu, Min, Jianpeng Fan, Yating Wang, and Chanjuan Hu. "Study on Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) Spatial Transfer in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 9751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189751.

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Urban agglomeration is the key area to realizing regional sustainable development. Timely and accurate assessment of its ESV spatial transfer can provide a scientific basis for intercity environmental cooperation to solve transboundary environmental problems. The ESV and its spatial transfer characteristics in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in 2000 and 2018 were quantified by introducing the breaking point model. The findings were as follows: Firstly, taking the central city of Zhengzhou as the transferred-in area, ESV spatial transfer distributions and changes presented a trend of hinterland > metropolitan area. Secondly, the ESV spatial transfer intensity from the metropolitan area to the central city presented an increase trend, with an increase of RMB 498,400–1,053,000/km2, and the ESV spatial transfer intensity from the hinterland to the central city presented a decrease trend, with a decrease of RMB 15,200–814,000/km2 in contrast. Thirdly, a total of RMB 294.763–331.471 billion worth of ESV has been transferred, and only that worth RMB 0.534–1.716 billion reached the central city, accounting for 0.181–0.518% of the total ESV transferred and 2.760–17.482% of the central city’s ESV. Fourthly, the ESV spatial transfer radius of each city was 25.47–214.17 km, but the ESV spatial transfer range of a few cities could reach the central city. Lastly, there was inefficiency in the ESV spatial transfer only in the natural driving spatial transfer pattern due to the spatial heterogeneity of ESV distribution, and there was potential for strengthening the ecological interactions based on space guidance provided by ESV spatial transfer.

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Jing, Yuan, Roderick Campbell, Lorenzo Castellano, and Chen Xianglong. "Subsistence and persistence: agriculture in the Central Plains of China through the Neolithic to Bronze Age transition." Antiquity 94, no. 376 (July 2, 2020): 900–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.80.

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Wang, Xiaomin, and Wenxin Zhang. "Efficiency and Spatial Equity Impacts of High-Speed Rail on the Central Plains Economic Region of China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092583.

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Efficiency impacts can be assessed based on improvements in accessibility promoted by the high-speed rail (HSR) project, focusing mainly on major urban areas. Spatial equity impacts originate from changes in the distribution of accessibility levels observed across such cities. This study uses the weighted average travel time and coefficient of variation to explore the impact of HSR on efficiency and spatial equity within the Central Plains Economic Region (CPER) and to build an “efficiency-equity” model to identify optimal upgrading of conventional rail (CR) lines to improve the accessibility of the CPER and mitigate regional disparities. The results indicate that since the operation of HSR, accessibility levels across the CPER have improved by roughly 24.56%, and the spatial distribution of gains has been uneven since the most significant improvements have occurred in HSR cities and large cities. Inequality in regional accessibility has increased by 28.12%, creating a more heterogeneous pattern of accessibility. With goals of “efficiency” and “equity”, an examination of the upgrading of CR as an approach shows that “Xinxiang-Jiaozuo” and “Xinxiang-Jiaozuo-Sanmenxia-Yuncheng” are the best upgraded lines for improving the efficiency of the CPER and limiting regional disparities. The results of this study serve as supportive information for the planning and construction of HSR lines and networks and for underdeveloped regional transport system policymaking.

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Zhou, L., Y. Hou, J. Wang, Z. Han, and S. J. Garvie-Lok. "Animal husbandry strategies in Eastern Zhou China: An isotopic study on faunal remains from the Central Plains." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 28, no. 3 (April 23, 2018): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.2660.

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36

Zhou, Ligang, Shugang Yang, Zhaohui Han, Lei Sun, and Sandra J. Garvie-Lok. "Social stratification and human diet in the Eastern Zhou China: An isotopic view from the Central Plains." Archaeological Research in Asia 20 (December 2019): 100162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2019.100162.

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Song, Yingqiu, and Chenyue Liao. "Structural Materials, Ventilation Design and Architectural Art of Traditional Buildings in Guangdong, China." Buildings 12, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070900.

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Due to its special geographical conditions, Guangdong has absorbed the essence of the Central Plains Han culture and characteristics of foreign cultures, resulting in architecture in which traditional buildings exhibit unique regional cultural connotations. The architectural design is adapted to the needs of nature and ecology and the arts and humanities. This paper investigates the technical process of using local materials to obtain structural materials. Traditional Guangdong buildings use patios, cold alleys and doors as well as windows in a comprehensive manner to create an energy-saving and environmentally friendly ventilation design, which was analyzed here. In addition, we study the floor plans and artistic characteristics of traditional buildings in different regions of Guangdong. Traditional Guangdong buildings realize the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature, as well as embody the concept of sustainable development. Traditional buildings integrate benefits and efficiency while condensing the surpassing wisdom and rich experience of craftsmen from ancient times to the present. Thus, it is worthwhile to research the connotation of traditional buildings to develop modern architectures.

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38

Dong, Yu, Chelsea Morgan, Yurii Chinenov, Ligang Zhou, Wenquan Fan, Xiaolin Ma, and Kate Pechenkina. "Shifting diets and the rise of male-biased inequality on the Central Plains of China during Eastern Zhou." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (January 17, 2017): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611742114.

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Farming domesticated millets, tending pigs, and hunting constituted the core of human subsistence strategies during Neolithic Yangshao (5000–2900 BC). Introduction of wheat and barley as well as the addition of domesticated herbivores during the Late Neolithic (∼2600–1900 BC) led to restructuring of ancient Chinese subsistence strategies. This study documents a dietary shift from indigenous millets to the newly introduced cereals in northcentral China during the Bronze Age Eastern Zhou Dynasty (771–221 BC) based on stable isotope analysis of human and animal bone samples. Our results show that this change affected females to a greater degree than males. We find that consumption of the newly introduced cereals was associated with less consumption of animal products and a higher rate of skeletal stress markers among females. We hypothesized that the observed separation of dietary signatures between males and females marks the rise of male-biased inequality in early China. We test this hypothesis by comparing Eastern Zhou human skeletal data with those from Neolithic Yangshao archaeological contexts. We find no evidence of male–female inequality in early farming communities. The presence of male-biased inequality in Eastern Zhou society is supported by increased body height difference between the sexes as well as the greater wealth of male burials.

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Wei, Feng, Xu Wang, and Xiao Yu Han. "The Preliminary Exploration of Building about Natural Draft, Natural Lighting, Renewable Energy Utilize in the Central Plains - Take the Green Demonstration Building of Zhengzhou Energy-Saving and Environmental Protection Industry Incubator Center as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.217.

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This article aimed to introduce a building design method to reduce energy-consumption, improve indoor comfort. The article discussed under the climate condition of the Central Plains area in China , the coefficient ventilation effect of double-roof and atrium, lighting effect of atrium’s skylight and impounding glass-wall, and the utilization of solar PV, wind power generation, biomass power generation, ground-source heat pump, solar air heater and other applications of renewable energy in building designs.

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Zheng, Sheng, Chengjie Zhang, and Xue Wu. "Estimating PM2.5 Concentrations Using an Improved Land Use Regression Model in Zhejiang, China." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081273.

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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution affects the environment and poses threat to human health. The study of the influence of land use and other factors on PM2.5 is crucial for the rational development and utilization of territorial space. To explore the intrinsic mechanism between PM2.5 pollution and related factors, this study used the land use regression (LUR) model, and introduced geographically weighted regression (GWR), and random forest (RF) to optimize the basic LUR model. The basic LUR model was constructed to predict the annual average PM2.5 concentrations using three elements: artificial surfaces, forest land, and wind speed as explanatory variables, with adjusted R2 of 0.645. The improved LUR models based on GWR and RF, with an adjusted R2 of 0.767 and 0.821, respectively, show better fitting effects. The LUR simulation results show that the PM2.5 pollution in the northern Zhejiang is more serious and concentrated. The concentrations are also higher in regions such as the river valley plains in central Zhejiang and the coastal plains in southeastern Zhejiang. These findings show that pollution emissions should be further reduced and environmental protection should be strengthened.

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Hao, Huidi, Minmin Zhang, Jinxi Wang, Shuting Jiang, Juanjuan Ma, Yafan Hu, Hongya Niu, Balaji Panchal, and Yuzhuang Sun. "Distribution Pattern and Enrichment Mechanism of Selenium in Topsoil in Handan Se-Enriched Belt, North China." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063183.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human health with crucial biological functions. In this study, Se concentrations and physicochemical properties of soils in central and western Handan were determined to investigate their spatial distribution, enrichment degree, influencing factor, and geological source. The results show that: (1) Se concentrations vary from 0.00 to 1.95 μg/g, with an average of 0.45 μg/g, which exceed the mean of Se in soils in China (0.29 μg/g) and Hebei Plain (0.21 μg/g). (2) A continuous and irregular ring-like area showing significant enrichment of Se could be identified in Handan city, Yongnian District, Wu’an City, and Fengfeng Mining District. It can be defined as a positive abnormal Se zone, which is mainly located in the hilly area in the west of Handan City and east of Taihang Mountains, and the plains near Handan City. (3) Comprehensively, Se enrichment in the soil is principally affected by rock weathering, mining activities, and coal combustion. (4) As far as the single-factor pollution index (SFPI) is concerned, most of the study areas are in the safety domain and slightly polluted domain and are at low ecological risk. According to the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), the moderately and seriously polluted domain are distributed in Handan City, Fengfeng Mining District, and other central areas.

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Guo, Xiaodong, Jiupeng Zhang, Bochao Zhou, Wolong Liu, Jianzhong Pei, and Yongsheng Guan. "Sponge roads: the permeable asphalt pavement structures based on rainfall characteristics in central plains urban agglomeration of China." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (November 1, 2019): 1740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.426.

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Abstract Permeable asphalt pavement should be selected according to the rainfall characteristics of the project site, so as to improve the permeable performance and ensure the bearing capacity of the pavement structure. Therefore, taking a city in the central plains urban agglomeration of China as an example, the characteristics of the rainstorm intensity distribution and cumulative rainfall are analyzed, and a combination scheme of drainage surface layer asphalt pavement suitable for rainfall characteristics in this area is proposed. Then, the pavement structure design is systematically carried out based on the permeable capacity and bearing capacity. The results show that under the rainfall conditions in this area, there is no surface runoff on the permeable asphalt pavement with 120 mm drainage surface layer, which is suitable for the medium traffic grade of urban roads with cumulative equivalent axle loads of 10 million to 12 million times.

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Li, Xin, Shanjia Zhang, Minxia Lu, Menghan Qiu, Shaoqing Wen, and Minmin Ma. "Dietary shift and social hierarchy from the Proto-Shang to Zhou Dynasty in the Central Plains of China." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 3 (February 18, 2020): 035002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6783.

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Gu, Xingke, Shasha Yin, Xuan Lu, Huan Zhang, Lingling Wang, Ling Bai, Chen Wang, Ruiqin Zhang, and Minghao Yuan. "Recent development of a refined multiple air pollutant emission inventory of vehicles in the Central Plains of China." Journal of Environmental Sciences 84 (October 2019): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.010.

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Du, Huiyun, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Wenyi Yang, Zhe Wang, and Zifa Wang. "Quantifying the Source Contributions to Poor Atmospheric Visibility in Winter over the Central Plains Economic Region in China." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122075.

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The Central Plains Economic Region (CPER) is one of the most polluted regions in China. Air pollution has caused visibility degradation due to the light extinction of fine particles (PM2.5). However, the source of light extinction and visibility degradation is still unclear. In this study, the nested air quality prediction model system coupled with an online tracer-tagging module has been used to quantify the contribution of emission sectors and regions to visibility degradation. The light extinction coefficients were well reproduced over CPER. The results showed that resident-related emissions, traffic and industry were the main sectors of visibility degradation over CPER, contributing 55~62%, 10~28%, and 9~19%, respectively. The contribution of local emissions and regional transport was also investigated, and the results showed that regional transport dominated the light extinction (56~68%), among which transport within Henan province contributes significantly (12~45%). Sensitivity tests showed that the reduction in the resident-related sector was more effective than that of the industry sector. Emission control of 40% in resident-related, industry, and traffic sectors over the whole region can achieve the goal of good visibility. This study will provide scientific suggestions for the control strategies development to mitigate visibility degradation over CPER.

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Wang, Xiaoting, Yingdong Yang, Tianyou Wang, Dian Chen, and Wugan Luo. "How can Archaeological Scientist Integrate the Typological and Stylistic Characteristics with Scientific Results: A Case Study on Bronze Spearheads Unearthed from the Shuangyuan Village, Chengdu City, Southwest China." Current Analytical Chemistry 17, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411017666210111095416.

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Background: Bronze spears are weapons with unique regional characteristics of the Shu culture, Southwest China in the Bronze Age, which reflect the bronze manufacturing tradition and the utilization of mineral resources of ancestors. Previous studies mainly focused on the classification, the alloy composition, or the production of bronze spearheads of the Shu culture. The purpose of this paper was to make a comprehensive discussion on the Shu culture from the aspects of the relationship between typology and scientific characteristics, the differences in metal raw material selection with the Ba culture, and the contact with the culture in the Central Plains. Methods: In this study, typology, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) and multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) were used to analyze thirteen bronze spearheads unearthed from Shuangyuan site, an Eastern Zhou cemetery in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, Southwest China. Results: The results show that the spearheads can be classified into three types in typology. All samples are tin-lead ternary bronzes, and the lead isotope data indicate the lead ore. Most spearheads show ordinary lead, and only one spearhead has highly radiogenic lead. Conclusion: The typical Shu-style bronze spearheads have distinct shapes but similar ore materials. Meanwhile, people of the Ba culture and the Shu culture used different metal sources to make bronze spearheads. In addition, a very special bronze spearhead suggests that ancestors of the Shu culture in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty imitated the late Shang culture in the Central Plains.

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Zeng, Junxiang. "On the performance of conservatism in Song Dynasty and its influence on the Central Plains of later generations." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4506.

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With reference to Martin Heidegger's concept of "Machination" and Hegel's master-slave dialectic thinking, this paper explores the reasons for the emergence of the Song Dynasty, a dynasty conservative feature with special research value in ancient China, from the perspective of human social history. As a dynasty whose economy developed rapidly but was repeatedly defeated, invaded, and forced to compromise with other nationalities, the Song Dynasty was different from the radicalism and chauvinism that the previous dynasties and even more ancient dynasties had always adhered to. The conservative attitude directly led to the demise of the Song Dynasty and had an important influence on the later Central Plains, which provided a reference for the governance decisions of the later dynasties for nearly a thousand years.

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Li, Shuoyang, Yanxiang Li, Rong Zhu, and Hongyang Wang. "Analysis of Lead Smelting Technology in the Early Bronze Age Based on Smelting Slag from the Central Plains of China." Metals 13, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020435.

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To explore the source of Pb in Bronze Age artefacts from the Central Plains (Zhongyuan) in China, we investigated non-ferrous minerals from the Qingyuan archaeological site in Yuanqu County near the Zhongtiao Mountains. Fragments of smelting slag from the Erlitou cultural layer were collected. The smelting slag was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and lead isotope analysis. The SEM and EDS results confirmed that the slag contained Pb, Pb–As, and Cu–Pb–Sn inclusions and non-metal impurities such as low-Zn spinels. The XRD results signified that the bulk of the slag comprised Fe–Mn–Si phases. The chemical state of Pb was mainly Pb–O with some metallic Pb, as identified by XPS. The theoretical melting point was calculated using FactSage7.1 based on the composition and phase characterisation. The calculated temperature was 1100–1200 °C, which agreed well with the actual melting point of 1114–1354 °C. The slag composition and inclusion phases indicated that Pb–Zn–O ores with Mn and As were added during reduction smelting in Qingyuan. The raw materials of smelting included crude Pb with minor amounts of Cu, As, and Sn. Lead isotope analysis revealed that the lead materials produced in Qingyuan were likely transferred to Yanshi City in the Shang Dynasty. The findings of this study provide significant clues for exploring lead mineral production in the Central Plains during the Early Bronze Age.

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Chen, Guixing, Weiming Sha, Toshiki Iwasaki, and Zhiping Wen. "Diurnal Cycle of a Heavy Rainfall Corridor over East Asia." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 8 (August 2017): 3365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0423.1.

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Moist convection occurred repeatedly in the midnight-to-morning hours of 11–16 June 1998 and yielded excessive rainfall in a narrow latitudinal corridor over East Asia, causing severe flood. Numerical experiments and composite analyses of a 5-day period are performed to examine the mechanisms governing nocturnal convection. Both simulations and observations show that a train of MCSs concurrently developed along a quasi-stationary mei-yu front and coincided with the impact of a monsoon surge on a frontogenetic zone at night. This process was regulated primarily by a nocturnal low-level jet (NLLJ) in the southwesterly monsoon that formed over southern China and extended to central China. In particular, the NLLJ acted as a mechanism of moisture transport over the plains. At its northern terminus, the NLLJ led to a zonal band of elevated conditionally unstable air where strong low-level ascent overcame small convective inhibition, triggering new convection in three preferred plains. An analysis of convective instability shows that the low-tropospheric intrusion of moist monsoon air generated CAPE of ~1000 J kg−1 prior to convection initiation, whereas free-atmospheric forcing was much weaker. The NLLJ-related horizontal advection accounted for most of the instability precondition at 100–175 J kg−1 h−1. At the convective stage, instability generation by the upward transport of moisture increased to ~100 J kg−1 h−1, suggesting that ascending inflow caused feedback in convection growth. The convection dissipated in late morning with decaying NLLJ and moisture at elevated layers. It is concluded that the diurnally varying summer monsoon acted as an effective discharge of available moist energy from southern to central China, generating the morning-peak heavy rainfall corridor.

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Ren, Xiaolin, Junjie Xu, Hui Wang, Michael Storozum, Peng Lu, Duowen Mo, Tuoyu Li, Jianguo Xiong, and Tristram R. Kidder. "Holocene fluctuations in vegetation and human population demonstrate social resilience in the prehistory of the Central Plains of China." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 055030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abdf0a.

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