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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Perry, Malcolm, and Maria J. Rodriguez. "Central charges for AdS black holes." Classical and Quantum Gravity 39, no. 4 (January 28, 2022): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ac45d8.

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Abstract Nontrivial diffeomorphisms act on the horizon of a generic 4D black holes and create distinguishing features referred to as soft hair. Amongst these are a left–right pair of Virasoro algebras with associated charges that reproduce the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy for Kerr black holes. In this paper we show that if one adds a negative cosmological constant, there is a similar set of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms that act non-trivially on the horizon. The algebra of these diffeomorphisms gives rise to a central charge. Adding a boundary counterterm, justified to achieve integrability, leads to well-defined central charges with c L = c R. The macroscopic area law for Kerr-AdS black holes follows from the assumption of a Cardy formula governing the black hole microstates.

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2

GUPTA, KUMAR S., E. HARIKUMAR, SIDDHARHTA SEN, and M. SIVAKUMAR. "THE CENTRAL CHARGE OF THE WARPED AdS3 BLACK HOLE." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 24 (August 10, 2010): 2065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310033438.

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The AdS/CFT conjecture offers the possibility of a quantum description for a black hole in terms of a CFT. This has led to the study of general AdS3 type black holes with a view to constructing an explicit toy quantum black hole model. Such a CFT description would be characterized by its central charge and the dimensions of its primary fields. Recently, the expression for the central charges (CL, CR) of the CFT dual to the warped AdS3 have been determined using asymptotic symmetry arguments. The central charges depend, as expected, on the warping factor. We show that topological arguments, used by Witten to constrain central charges for the BTZ black hole, can be generalized to deal with the warped AdS3 case. Topology constrains the warped factor to be rational numbers while quasi-normal modes are conjectured to give the dimensions of primary fields. We find that in the limit when warping is large or when it takes special rational values, the system tends to Witten's conjectured unique CFTs with central charges that are multiples of 24.

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3

FREEMAN, M. D., K. HORNFECK, and P. WEST. "COMMUTING QUANTITIES AND EXCEPTIONAL W ALGEBRAS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 05 (February 20, 1993): 909–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93000357.

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Sets of commuting charges constructed from the current of a U(1) Kac-Moody algebra are found. There exists a set Sn of such charges for each positive integer n>1; the corresponding value of the central charge in the Feigin-Fuchs realization of the stress tensor is c=13−6n−6/n. The charges in each series can be written in terms of the generators of an exceptional W algebra.

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4

Manzoni, Federico. "2-simplexes and superconformal central charges." Physics Letters B 832 (September 2022): 137268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137268.

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5

Ng, Siu-Hung, Eric C. Rowell, Yilong Wang, and Qing Zhang. "Higher central charges and Witt groups." Advances in Mathematics 404 (August 2022): 108388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2022.108388.

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6

FEDORUK, S., and V. G. ZIMA. "MASSIVE SUPERPARTICLE WITH TENSORIAL CENTRAL CHARGES." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 37 (December 7, 2000): 2281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002875.

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We construct the manifestly Lorenz-invariant formulation of the N = 1, D=4 massive superparticle with tensorial central charges. The model contains a real parameter k and at k≠0 possesses one κ-symmetry while at k=0 the number of κ-symmetry is two. The equivalence of the formulations at all k≠0 is obtained. The local transformations of κ-symmetry are written. It is considered using the index spinor for construction of the tensorial central charges. The equivalence at classical level between the massive D=4 superparticle with one κ-symmetry and the massive D=4 spinning particle is obtained.

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7

West, Peter. "Brane dynamics, central charges and E11." Journal of High Energy Physics 2005, no. 03 (April 21, 2005): 077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2005/03/077.

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8

West, Peter. "E11, SL(32) and central charges." Physics Letters B 575, no. 3-4 (November 2003): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.059.

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9

Gracey, J. A. "On topological central charges and solitons." Physics Letters B 185, no. 1-2 (February 1987): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)91536-x.

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10

Fendley, Paul, and Ken Intriligator. "Central charges without finite-size effects." Physics Letters B 319, no. 1-3 (December 1993): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90792-g.

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11

EREMIN, S., and E. IVANOV. "HOLOMORPHIC EFFECTIVE ACTION OF N=2 SYM THEORY FROM HARMONIC SUPERSPACE WITH CENTRAL CHARGES." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 30 (September 28, 2000): 1859–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002176.

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We compute the one-loop holomorphic effective action of the massless Cartan sector of N=2 SYM theory in the Coulomb branch, taking into account the contributions both from the charged hypermultiplets and off-diagonal components of the gauge superfield. We use the manifestly supersymmetric harmonic superfields diagram techniques adapted to N=2 supersymmetry with the central charges induced by Cartan generators. The (anti)holomorphic part proves to be proportional to the central charges and it has the generic form of Seiberg's action obtained by integrating U (1)R anomaly. It vanishes for N=4 SYM theory, i.e. the coupled system of N=2 gauge superfield and hypermultiplet in the adjoint representation.

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12

SAIDI, E. H. "RENORMALIZABLE N = 2 SUPERSYMMETRIC AND GAUGE INVARIANT INTERACTIONS FROM THE N = 2 HARMONIC SUPERSPACE WITH CENTRAL CHARGES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, no. 03 (June 1987): 695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000259.

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The N = 2 harmonic superspace in the presence of central charges is developed. Renormalizable interactions unusual in N = 2 supersymmetric theories are derived in a consistent way. Symmetries generated by the central charges are discussed. A certain equivalence between N = 2 harmonic superspace with and without central charges is established. An Abelian generalization of the model is given.

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13

Loureda, José Sánchez, and Douglas J. Smith. "Central charges of wrapped M5-brane backgrounds." Journal of High Energy Physics 2006, no. 07 (July 27, 2006): 043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2006/07/043.

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14

Wit, B. de, and H. Nicolai. "Hidden symmetries, central charges and all that." Classical and Quantum Gravity 18, no. 16 (August 2, 2001): 3095–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/18/16/302.

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15

Campoamor-Stursberg, Rutwig, and Michel Rausch de Traubenberg. "Unexpected features of supersymmetry with central charges." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 43, no. 45 (October 19, 2010): 455201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/43/45/455201.

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16

Gracey, J. A. "Exact supersymmetric S-matrices and central charges." Nuclear Physics B 288 (January 1987): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(87)90225-2.

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17

Mauri, Emanuele, Anna Negri, Erica Rebellato, Maurizio Masi, Giuseppe Perale, and Filippo Rossi. "Hydrogel-Nanoparticles Composite System for Controlled Drug Delivery." Gels 4, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels4030074.

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Анотація:

Biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(-lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation with controlled dimension and with different electric charges, as monitored by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Then NPs were loaded within hydrogels (HG) developed for biomedical applications in the central nervous system, with different pore sizes (30 and 90 nm). The characteristics of the resulting composite hydrogel-NPs system were firstly studied in terms of ability to control the release of small steric hindrance drug mimetic. Then, diffusion-controlled release of different charged NPs from different entangled hydrogels was studied in vitro and correlated with NPs electric charges and hydrogel mean mesh size. These studies showed different trends, that depend on NPs superficial charge and HG mesh size. Release experiments and diffusion studies, then rationalized by mathematical modeling, allowed us to build different drug delivery devices that can satisfy different medical needs.

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18

SAIDI, E. H. "ON THE HYPERMULTIPLET THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 04 (April 1988): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000370.

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Using the harmonic superspace techniques, we show that the hypermultiplet [Formula: see text] can be either massive (massless) with or without central charges. We found that the HST hypermultiplet has a degenerate structure. In the case of the absence of central charges, the corresponding mass terms are constructed and they turn out to be similar to those obtained from central charges. A class of infinitesimal duality transformations for free hypermultiplet theory is given.

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19

Oikonomou, V. K. "Fermions in a Reissner–Nordström–anti-de Sitter black hole background and N = 4 supersymmetry with nontrivial topological charges." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 25 (August 20, 2014): 1450131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314501314.

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We demonstrate that the fermions in Reissner–Nordström–anti-de Sitter black hole background in the chiral limit m = 0, are related to an N = 4 extended one-dimensional supersymmetry with nontrivial topological charges. We also show that the N = 4 extended supersymmetry is unbroken and we extend the two N = 2 one-dimensional supersymmetries that the system also possesses, to have a trivial central charge. The implications of the trivial central charge on the Witten index are also discussed.

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20

Tawfik, Abdel Nasser, L. I. Abou-Salem, Asmaa G. Shalaby, and M. Hanafy. "On Dynamical Net-Charge Fluctuations within a Hadron Resonance Gas Approach." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2475916.

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The dynamical net-charge fluctuations (νdyn) in different particle ratiosK/π,K/p, andp/πare calculated from the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and compared with STAR central Au+Au collisions atsNN=7.7–200 GeV and NA49 central Pb+Pb collisions atsNN=6.3–17.3 GeV. The three charged particle ratios (K/π,K/p, andp/π) are determined as total and average of opposite and average of the same charges. We find an excellent agreement between the HRG calculations and the experimental measurements, especially from STAR beam energy scan (BES) program, while the strange particles in the NA49 experiment at lower Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies are not reproduced by the HRG approach. We conclude that the utilized HRG version seems to take into consideration various types of correlations including strong interactions through the heavy resonances and their decays especially at BES energies.

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21

Compère, Geoffrey, Keiju Murata, and Tatsuma Nishioka. "Central charges in extreme black hole/CFT correspondence." Journal of High Energy Physics 2009, no. 05 (May 19, 2009): 077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/05/077.

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22

CABO, A., J. L. LUCIO, and V. M. VILLANUEVA. "CENTRAL CHARGES AND COHOMOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN PHASE SPACE." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 27 (September 7, 1999): 1855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399001930.

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We consider the algebra associated to a group of time-dependent coordinate transformations which are symmetries of a regular mechanical system (i.e. system free of constraints). We derive expressions for the central extension of the algebra that may appear at the classical level. We analyze the variation of the phase space Lagrangian under finite transformations extending thus the usual configuration space cochain concepts to phase space.

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23

Kim, Wontae, and Edwin J. Son. "Central charges in 2d reduced cosmological massive gravity." Physics Letters B 678, no. 1 (July 2009): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2009.06.005.

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24

Lukierski, Jerzy. "D=4 extended Galilei superalgebras with central charges." Physics Letters B 694, no. 4-5 (January 2011): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.10.029.

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25

Antoniadis, Ignatios, Pawel O. Mazur, and Emil Mottola. "Conformal symmetry and central charges in 4 dimensions." Nuclear Physics B 388, no. 3 (December 1992): 627–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(92)90557-r.

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26

Hassoun, J., A. Restuccia, and J. G. Taylor. "Superfield actions for N=2 degenerate central charges." Journal of Mathematical Physics 26, no. 2 (February 1985): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.526666.

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27

Farmer, R. J., and P. D. Jarvis. "New superfields for N supersymmetry with central charges." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 18, no. 14 (October 1, 1985): 2701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/18/14/021.

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28

Bedding, S. P. "Sp(4) extended superconformal algebra with “central” charges." Physics Letters B 157, no. 2-3 (July 1985): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(85)91542-4.

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29

CHANDEZON, F., C. GUET, B. A. HUBER, D. JALABERT, M. MAUREL, E. MONNAND, C. RISTORI, and J. C. ROCCO. "MULTIPLE IONIZATION OF SODIUM CLUSTERS BY ION IMPACT." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96000966.

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Анотація:

The electronic excitation of alkali-metal clusters by low-energy ions is investigated experimentally for the first time. Multi-ionized clusters possibly undergoing Coulomb dissociation are formed and detected. Free sodium clusters of a few hundred atoms have been bombarded by different ion beams ( H +, O 5+, Ar 8+) of velocity ranging from 0.2 to 0.9v0. The mass/charge ratio of charged outgoing clusters is measured by a time-of-flight spectrometer of high resolution [Formula: see text]. Critical sizes for stability against charge excess have been deduced for cluster charges up to 6. Temperature effects on critical sizes are observed, and they reveal two distinct regimes: electron transfer in peripheral collisions with multicharged ions leading to “cold” highly ionized clusters and strong electronic excitation in central collisions subsequently followed by multielectron emission.

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30

Aoki, Kenichiro, and Eric D'Hoker. "High Energy Scattering of Non-Critical Strings." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 06 (March 10, 1997): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97000980.

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We summarize recent work, in which we consider scattering amplitudes of non-critical strings in the limit where the energy of all external states is large compared to the string tension. We show that the high energy limit is dominated by a saddle point that can be mapped onto an electrostatic equilibrium configuration of an assembly of charges associated with the external states, together with a density of charges arising from the Liouville field. The Liouville charges accumulate on line segments, which produce quadratic branch cuts on the worldsheet. The electrostatic problem is solved for string tree level in terms of hyperelliptic integrals and is given explicitly for the 3- and 4-point functions. For generic values of the central charge, the high energy limit behaves in a string-like fashion, with exponential energy dependence.

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31

Obikhod, Tetiana. "F Theory Compactifications and Central Charges of BPS States." Physical Science International Journal 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2016/24190.

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32

Behrndt, Klaus. "On central charges and the entropy in Matrix theory." Journal of High Energy Physics 1997, no. 11 (November 26, 1997): 003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/1997/11/003.

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33

Belhaj, A., M. P. Garcia del Moral, A. Restuccia, A. Segui, and J. P. Veiro. "A supermembrane with central charges on a G2 manifold." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 42, no. 32 (July 22, 2009): 325201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/42/32/325201.

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34

Anselmi, Damiano. "Theory of higher spin tensor currents and central charges." Nuclear Physics B 541, no. 1-2 (February 1999): 323–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(98)00783-4.

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35

Cadoni, Mariano, and Salvatore Mignemi. "Symmetry breaking, central charges and the AdS2/CFT1 correspondence." Physics Letters B 490, no. 1-2 (September 2000): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(00)00982-5.

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36

ANDRIANOPOLI, LAURA, RICCARDO D'AURIA, and SERGIO FERRARA. "U DUALITY AND CENTRAL CHARGES IN VARIOUS DIMENSIONS REVISITED." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 03 (January 30, 1998): 431–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98000196.

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A geometric formulation which describes extended supergravities in any dimension in the presence of electric and magnetic sources is presented. In this framework, the underlying duality symmetries of the theories are manifest. Particular emphasis is given to the construction of central and matter charges and to the symplectic structure of all D=4, N-extended theories. The latter may be traced back to the existence, for N>2, of a flat symplectic bundle which is the N>2 generalization of N=2 Special Geometry.

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37

Fang, Bohan. "Central charges of T-dual branes for toric varieties." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 373, no. 6 (March 9, 2020): 3829–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/7734.

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38

Ferrara, Sergio, and Juan Maldacena. "Branes, central charges and U-duality invariant BPS conditions." Classical and Quantum Gravity 15, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/15/4/004.

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39

Davis, A. C., M. D. Freeman, and A. J. Macfarlane. "Quantum theory of supersymmetric sigma models with central charges." Nuclear Physics B 256 (January 1985): 299–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(85)90396-7.

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40

BANDOS, IGOR, and JERZY LUKIERSKI. "TENSORIAL CENTRAL CHARGES AND NEW SUPERPARTICLE MODELS WITH FUNDAMENTAL SPINOR COORDINATES." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 19 (June 21, 1999): 1257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399001358.

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We consider firstly simple D=4 superalgebra with six real tensorial central charges Zμν, and discuss its possible realizations in massive and massless cases. Massless case is dynamically realized by generalized Ferber–Shirafuji (FS) model with fundamental bosonic spinor coordinates. The Lorentz invariance is not broken due to the realization of central charges generators in terms of bosonic spinors. The model contains four fermionic coordinates and possesses three κ-symmetries thus providing the BPS configuration preserving 3/4 of the target space supersymmetries. We show that the physical degrees of freedom (eight real bosonic and one real Grassmann variable) of our model can be described by OSp (8|1) supertwistor. The relation with recent superparticle model by Rudychev and Sezgin is pointed out. Finally we propose a higher-dimensional generalization of our model with one real fundamental bosonic spinor. D=10 model describes massless superparticle with composite tensorial central charges and in D=11 we obtain zero-superbrane model with nonvanishing mass which is generated dynamically.

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41

Snedker, Karen A., Lindsey R. Beach, and Katie E. Corcoran. "Beyond the “Revolving Door?”: Incentives and Criminal Recidivism in a Mental Health Court." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 9 (June 7, 2017): 1141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817708395.

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Specialized mental health courts (MHCs) address the growing problem of defendants with mental illness cycling through the criminal justice system. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this article explores if MHCs can slow the “revolving door” of criminal justice involvement. We use quantitative data to evaluate the effectiveness of one MHC on different measures of criminal recidivism with logistic regression, event history analysis, and negative binomial regression. Modeling strategies report that graduates of MHC, defendants offered a dismissal of criminal charges, and defendants who maintained the same noncrisis mental health treatment while in court as they had prior to court had lower odds of new criminal charges, a longer time to a new criminal charge, and fewer new criminal charges. Qualitative data—court observations and interviews—suggest that providing incentives for program compliance, connecting defendants to planned mental health treatment services, and court completion are central to reducing recidivism.

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42

CHUNG, MYUNG-HOON. "GENERALIZED COULOMB GAS MODELS WITH EXPONENTIAL INTERACTIONS AND A SERIES OF CENTRAL CHARGES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 06, no. 12 (May 20, 1991): 2189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9100109x.

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The renormalization of the generalized Coulomb gas model with exponential interactions is studied. This model contains a bosonic vector field and several fermionic fields in the presence of a background charge vector. It is shown that the vectors associated with the exponential interactions should satisfy certain conditions for the action to be renormalizable. The conditions require the vectors to form a geometrical figure. In particular, models are considered where the vectors are root systems which form equilateral geometrical figures. Explicit β-functions are obtained for these models. They show several nontrivial fixed points at which the central charges of the system are evaluated. It is found that a renormalization group flow connects the extremal nontrivial fixed points. Some possible applications are indicated.

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43

Normurodov, A. B., A. P. Mukhtarov, F. T. Umarova, M. Yu Tashmetov, Sh Makhkamov, and N. T. Sulaymonov. "Investigation of the stability and charge states of vacancy in clusters Si29 and Si38." Condensed Matter Physics 25, no. 1 (2022): 13301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.25.13301.

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Stability and charge states of vacancy in Si29 and Si38 clusters have been calculated by non-conventional tight-binding method and molecular dynamics. Based on the theoretical calculations, it was shown that the vacancy in pure dimerized clusters is unstable, while in hydrogenated Si29H24 and Si38H30 clusters it is stable, but leads to a distortion of its central part with the transition of symmetry from Td to C3v and a change in the forbidden gap. The charges of cluster atoms in the presence of a vacancy are distributed so that all silicon atoms acquire a stable negative charge, which occurs due to the outflow of electrons of the central atom to the neighboring spheres.

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44

BLAGOJEVIĆ, M., and M. VASILIĆ. "ANTI-DE SITTER 3-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY WITH TORSION." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 17n18 (June 14, 2005): 1285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305017755.

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Using the canonical formalism, we study the asymptotic symmetries of the topological 3-dimensional gravity with torsion. In the anti-de Sitter sector, the symmetries are realized by two independent Virasoro algebras with classical central charges. In the simple case of the teleparallel vacuum geometry, the central charges are equal to each other and have the same value as in general relativity, while in the general Riemann-Cartan geometry, they become different.

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45

ODAKE, SATORU. "UNITARY REPRESENTATIONS OF W INFINITY ALGEBRAS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 25 (October 10, 1992): 6339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9200288x.

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We study the irreducible unitary highest weight representations, which are obtained from free field realizations, of W infinity algebras [Formula: see text] with central charges (2, 1, 3, 2M, N, 2M+N). The characters of these representations are computed. We construct a new extended superalgebra [Formula: see text], whose bosonic sector is [Formula: see text]. Its representations obtained from a free field realization with central charge 2M+N, are classified into two classes: continuous series and discrete series. For the former there exists a supersymmetry, but for the latter a supersymmetry exists only for M=N.

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46

Choudha, Pankaj K., Adepu Kumaraswamy, and V. Venkateswara Rao. "Effect of Explosive Shapes (in Sand Buried Condition) on the Failure of a Circular Clamped Plate of Protective Vehicle." Defence Science Journal 72, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.16647.

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Protective vehicles like armoured personnel carriers (APCs) require assessment of failure of structural elements subjected to impulsive load resulting from explosive blast under sand buried conditions. The explosive shape and location of detonation affect the failure in near field region. In the present study, a circular clamped Rolled Homogenous Armour (RHA) steel plate has been modelled using JC strength & damage model and explosive using JWL equation. Initially, the reflected pressure and specific impulse for a fixed quantity of explosive (3.75 kg) of various shapes i.e. sphere, hemisphere, cylinders with Length to Diameter (L/D) ratio varying from 0.1 to 1 were studied for sand buried at a standoff distance of 118.1 mm. Further, studies were extended for cylindrical charges of φ 213.77 mm with conical 120°-150° and hemispherical cavities with radius of R1.2-R1.8. It was observed that, reflected pressure and specific impulse is much higher for hemispherical cavity of R1.2. The permanent deformation obtained using non-dimensional impulse is valid for explosives without cavities. However, the cavity charges produce failure of plate in the central region of the charge. The critical impulse emerges as an important parameter for assessing failure due to cavity charges. In addition, the scale down experiment is conducted to validate the effectiveness of cavity charges. It can be concluded that cavity charge with hemispherical radius of R1.2 can provide highest damage to RHA plates in close standoff distance.

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47

GAMBOA, J., J. LÓPEZ-SARRIÓN, M. LOEWE, and F. MÉNDEZ. "CENTRAL CHARGES AND EFFECTIVE ACTION AT FINITE TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 03 (January 30, 2004): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304012952.

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The current algebra for gauge theories like QCD at finite temperature and density is studied. We start considering, the massless Thirring model at finite temperature and density, finding an explicit expression for the current algebra. The central charge only depends on the coupling constant and there are not new effects due to temperature and density. From this calculation, we argue how to compute the central charge for QCD4 and we argue why the central charge in four dimensions could be modified by finite temperature and density.

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48

Nikitin, A. G., and A. V. Galkin. "Extended Poincaré parasuperalgebra with central charges and invariant wave equations." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 33, no. 47 (November 21, 2000): 8525–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/33/47/314.

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49

Abbaspur, Reza. "Realization of central charges in theories with generalized noncommutative supersymmetry." Journal of High Energy Physics 2003, no. 05 (May 13, 2003): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2003/05/023.

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50

Anselmi, D., and A. Kehagias. "Subleading corrections and central charges in the AdS/CFT correspondence." Physics Letters B 455, no. 1-4 (May 1999): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00446-3.

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