Готові списки джерел за темами / Cellulose-containing materials

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cellulose-containing materials"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cellulose-containing materials"

Gadd, K. F. "Metal-containing cellulose: Some novel materials." Journal of Inclusion Phenomena 5, no. 2 (April 1987): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00655662.

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Bagrovskaya, N. A., O. V. Alekseeva, O. V. Rozhkova, A. N. Rodionova, and S. A. Lilin. "Extracting heavy metals with cellulose-containing materials." Protection of Metals 44, no. 4 (July 2008): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0033173208040152.

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Zhong, Tuhua, Gloria S. Oporto, Yucheng Peng, Xinfeng Xie, and Douglas J. Gardner. "Drying cellulose-based materials containing copper nanoparticles." Cellulose 22, no. 4 (May 8, 2015): 2665–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0646-7.

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Mirgorod, Yu A., O. S. Dmitrieva, P. V. Abakumov, and V. V. Rodionov. "Copper-Containing Cellulose Material." Fibre Chemistry 51, no. 1 (May 2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10692-019-10039-y.

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Zhu, Yiwen, Audrey Sulkanen, Gang-Yu Liu, and Gang Sun. "Daylight-Active Cellulose Nanocrystals Containing Anthraquinone Structures." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 3547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163547.

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Antimicrobial and antiviral materials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to increasing occurrences of nosocomial infections and pathogenic microbial contamination. One method to address this is the combination of photoactive compounds that can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals to disinfect microbes, with carrier materials that meet the application requirements. Using anthraquinone (AQ) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the photoactive and carrier components, respectively, this work demonstrated the first covalent incorporation of AQ onto CNCs. The morphology and the photoactive properties were investigated, revealing the structural integrity of the CNCs and the high degree of photoactivity of the AQ-CNC materials upon UVA exposure. The AQ-CNCs also exhibited an unexpected persistent generation of ROS under darkness, which adds advantages for antimicrobial applications.

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Budenkova, Ekaterina, Stanislav Sukhikh, Svetlana Ivanova, Olga Babich, Vyacheslav Dolganyuk, Philippe Michaud, and Olga Kriger. "Improvement of Enzymatic Saccharification of Cellulose-Containing Raw Materials Using Aspergillus niger." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081360.

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-containing raw materials, using Aspergillus niger, were studied. Filter paper, secondary cellulose-containing or starch-containing raw materials, miscanthus cellulose after alkaline or acid pretreatment, and wood chip cellulose, were used as substrates. The study focused on a wild A. niger strain, treated, or not (control), by ultraviolet (UV) irradiations for 45, 60, or 120 min (UV45, UV60, or UV120), or by UV irradiation for 120 min followed by a chemical treatment with NaN3 + ItBr for 30 min or 80 min (UV120 + CH30 or UV120 + CH80). A mixture of all the A. niger strains (MIX) was also tested. A citrate buffer, at 50 mM, wasthe most suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis. As the UV exposure time increased to 2 h, the cellulase activity of the surviving culturewas increased (r = 0.706; p < 0.05). The enzymatic activities of the obtained strains, towards miscanthus cellulose, wood chips, and filter paper, were inferior to those obtained with commercial enzymes (8.6 versus 9.1 IU), in some cases. Under stationary hydrolysis at 37 °C, pH = 4.7, the enzymatic activity of A. niger UV120 + CH30 was 24.9 IU. The enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary raw materials, using treated A. niger strains, was themost effective at 37 °C. Similarly, the most effective treatment of miscanthus cellulose and wood chips occurred at 50 °C. The maximum conversion of cellulose to glucose was observed using miscanthus cellulose (with alkaline pretreatment), and the minimum conversion was observed when using wood chips. The greatest value of cellulase activity was evidenced in the starch-containing raw materials, indicating that A. niger can ferment not only through cellulase activity, but also via an amylolytic one.

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Gorzelańczyk, Tomasz, Krzysztof Schabowicz, and Mateusz Szymków. "Tests of Fiber Cement Materials Containing Recycled Cellulose Fibers." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122758.

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This paper presents the results of investigations into the effect of the use of recycled waste paper cellulose fibers on the properties of fiber cement boards subjected to contamination by moisture. Four series of fiber cement boards were tested. A reference fiber cement board manufactured without the use of recycled cellulose fibers constituted as one of the series. The other three series consisted of boards differing in their recycled cellulose fiber content-ranging from 10% to 50% of the total cellulose fiber content. Specimens of the fiber cement boards were subjected to contamination by moisture by storing them in water for 1–96 h. Subsequently, their basic physical and mechanical parameters, i.e., mass moisture content, absorbability, and modulus of rupture (MOR), were tested. Then, the specimens were investigated by means of acoustic emission during three-point bending. Artificial neural networks were employed to analyze the acoustic emission test results. The tests clearly showed the amount of recycled waste paper cellulose fibers and the length of storage in water to have an adverse effect on the boards, contributing to their degradation. This was reflected in the decrease of the acoustic emission (AE) events count recognized by the artificial neural networks, accompanying the rupture of fibers during the three-point bending of the specimens. In order to gain a more detailed insight into the changes taking place in the structure of the tested fiber cement boards, optical examinations were carried out by means of a scanning electron microscope. Interesting findings crucial for building practice were noted.

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Onoiko, Tatyana. "Features of process of preliminary grind of cellulose-containing materials." E3S Web of Conferences 104 (2019): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910401012.

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In the real work, features of technological process of preliminary grind of cellulose-containing materials raw materials are analysed and features of the existing technologies are considered. The expediency of use for grind of cellulose raw materials by a without knife way of influence by hydrodynamic cavitation in the electromechanical transformer with a discrete secondary part is presented.

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Yudanova, T. N., I. F. Skokova, and A. D. Virnik. "Fabrication of enzyme-containing cellulose fibre materials from graft copolymers containing sulfo groups." Fibre Chemistry 29, no. 1 (January 1997): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02430678.

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Martirosyan, Irina, Olena Pakholiuk, Galyna Golodyuk, Viktoria Lutskova, and Vira Lubenets. "INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE MATERIALS AFTER WASHING." Fibres and Textiles 29, no. 1 (March 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2022-1-004.

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This work is devoted to the study of antimicrobial properties of cellulose-containing textile materials treated with new safe biocidal products of thiosulfonate structure. A resource-saving method of providing antimicrobial properties to cellulose-containing textile materials is presented. High antimicrobial activity of biocidal products after washing was established. The duration of action and expediency of their use in the textile industry are proved. It is shown that after 10 washes the treated tissues lose only 14-15% of antimicrobial properties.

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Дисертації з теми "Cellulose-containing materials"

Драпой, Дарина Ігорівна. "Одержання водню з целюлозовмісної сировини". Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/43553.

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Дисертація присвячена науково-технічним основам технології ферментації сільськогосподарських відходів з отриманням водню. В дисертаційній роботі було виділено ефективну асоціацію мікроорганізмів-деструкторів целюлози та продуцентів водню. За основу взято природну асоціацію мікроорганізмів з ґрунту, що зменшує вміст в асоціації консументів водню – сульфатредукуючих мікроорганізмів, в порівнянні з природними асоціаціями з мулу та проточних водойм. В роботі експериментально визначено, що для знешкодження метаноутворюючих мікроорганізмів необхідно проводити температурну обробку інокуляту при t = 90ºС протягом 1 години. За даної обробки мікроорганізми родів Clostridium та Bacillus утворюють спори, що проростають вже за 2 дні за сприятливих умов. Визначено, що додаткове збагачення асоціації мікроорганізмами родів Clostridiuт та Bacillus призводить до збільшення виходу водню в порівнянні з вихідною асоціацією. При чому вміст водню в біогазі залежить від кількості та співвідношення мікроорганізмів, що додаються. Встановлено, що збагачення асоціації культурами мікроорганізмів родів Clostridium та Bacillus у співвідношенні 1:2,5 дає можливість збільшити вихід водню в 2,3 рази. Визначено раціональний метод попередньої обробки сировини (3 год, 20% NaOH) що дозволяє підвищити вихід водню у 3 рази. Луг ефективно видаляє лігнін з біомаси, покращує доступність целюлози та збільшує площу адсорбція субстрату для мікроорганізмів. В дисертаційній роботі наведено математичний опис продукування біогазу залежно від значення рН та концентрації субстрату, що дозволяє моделювати довільний характер процесу і визначати оптимальні умови продукування водню в залежності від змінних параметрів процесу. Визначено основні технологічні параметри процесу ферментації целюлозовмісної сировини з продукуванням водню: температура процесу – 35ºC, рН - 7 – 7,5, концентрація сировини - 50 ± 5 г/дм3, співвідношення інокуляту до субстрату 1:4, постійне відведення водню з зони ферментації, що дозволяє одержати біогаз з вмістом водню 87,5±4,2%.

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Частини книг з теми "Cellulose-containing materials"

Gadd, K. F. "Metal-Containing Cellulose: Some Novel Materials." In Inclusion Phenomena in Inorganic, Organic, and Organometallic Hosts, 265–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3987-5_46.

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George, Johnsy, S. N. Sabapathi, and Siddaramaiah. "Water Soluble Polymer-Based Nanocomposites Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals." In Advanced Structured Materials, 259–93. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2470-9_9.

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López-Córdoba, Alex, Guillermo R. Castro, and Silvia Goyanes. "Cellulose -Containing Scaffolds Fabricated by Electrospinning: Applications in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery." In Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, 361–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119441632.ch161.

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Lakaniemi, Aino Maija, Laura M. Nevatalo, Anna H. Kaksonen, and Jaakko A. Puhakka. "Hydrolysed Cellulose Material as Sulfate Reduction Electron Donor to Treat Metal- and Sulfate Containing Waste Water." In Advanced Materials Research, 326. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-452-9.326.

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Kozlowska, J., K. Pauter, J. Skopinska-Wisniewska, and A. Sionkowska. "Design and Characterization of Porous Collagen/Gelatin/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Matrices Containing Microspheres Based on κ-Carrageenan." In Advanced Structured Materials, 151–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02257-0_12.

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Kotelnikova, Nina E., Deitrich Fengel, and Valery P. Kotelnikov. "Molecular Complexes of Cellulose with Metals New Development." In Metal-Containing Polymeric Materials, 403–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0365-7_33.

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"Modification of Peculiarities of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) and Its Oxidized Form (dialdehyde cellulose DAС) Guanidine- Containing Monomers and Polymers of Vinyl and Diallyl Series." In Chemical and Applied Engineering Materials, 107–12. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18522-12.

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Obodovych, Oleksandr, and Oleksandr Solovey. "REALITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR INTENSIFICATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION DUE TO THE USE OF DISCRETE-PULSE ENERGY INPUT." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-37.

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The development of the biofuel industry and the production of bioethanol and using it as a fuel in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular are analyzed in the paper. Bioethanol is mostly produced from sugar- and starch-containing raw materials. It is noted that bioethanol is obtained mainly from molasses in Ukraine. Molasses is a by-product of sugar beet production. The prospects of second-generation bioethanol production made from unfit for human consumption lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural by-products, forestry residues, municipal waste are considered. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is the main task in bioethanol production from such raw materials. Partial or complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose and the conversion of crystalline cellulose into an amorphous state are required to destroy the strong structure of the lignocellulosic complex and remove lignin for further processing. The method of Discrete-Pulse Energy Input was used to intensify the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The method allows shortening the duration of pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation, increasing the amount of reducing substances in the wort, reducing energy consumption and generally making this technology more economically attractive. The universal heat and mass exchange installation in order to reduce energy and resource consumption in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is developed at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the NAS of Ukraine. The Installation allows carrying out the processes of dispersion, dissolution, heating, hydrolysis at the same time in one apparatus.

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Donadelli, Renan, and Greg Aldrich. "Miscanthus Grass as a Nutritional Fiber Source for Monogastric Animals." In Grasses and Grassland - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99951.

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While fiber is not an indispensable nutrient for monogastric animals, it has benefits such as promoting gastrointestinal motility and production of short chain fatty acids through fermentation. Miscanthus x giganteus is a hybrid grass used as an ornamental plant, biomass for energy production, construction material, and as a cellulose source for paper production. More recently Miscanthus grass (dried ground Miscanthus x giganteus) was evaluated for its fiber composition and as a fiber source for poultry (broiler chicks) and pets (dogs and cats). As a fiber source, this ingredient is mostly composed of insoluble fiber (78.6%) with an appreciable amount of lignin (13.0%). When added at moderate levels to broiler chick feed (3% inclusion) Miscanthus grass improved dietary energy utilization. However, when fed to dogs at a 10% inclusion Miscanthus grass decreased dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, and increased dietary protein digestibility compared to dogs fed diets containing similar concentrations of beet pulp. Comparable results were reported for cats. In addition, when Miscanthus grass was fed to cats to aid in hairball management, it decreased the total hair weight per dry fecal weight. When considering the effects Miscanthus grass has on extruded pet foods, it behaves in a similar manner to cellulose, decreasing radial expansion, and increasing energy to compress the kibbles, likely because of changes in kibble structure. To date, Miscanthus grass has not been evaluated in human foods and supplements though it may have applications similar to those identified for pets.

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Priyanka, Miss, Dileep Kumar, Uma Shankar, Anurag Yadav, and Kusum Yadav. "Agricultural Waste Management for Bioethanol Production." In Biotechnology, 492–524. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch019.

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This chapter contends that bioethanol has received the most attention over other fuels due to less emission of greenhouse gases and production from renewable sources. It is mainly produced from sugar containing feedstocks. Since feedstocks are utilized as food for humans, its consumption in bioethanol production creates a food crisis for the entire world. Bioethanol derived from agriculture waste, which is most abundant at global level, is the best option. Agriculture wastes contain lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses which creates hindrances during conversion to ethanol. Pretreatment of agriculture wastes remove lignin, hemicelluloses and then enzymatically hydrolyzed into sugars. Both pentose and hexose sugars are fermented to bioethanol. There are still various problems for developing an economically feasible technology but a major one is the resistance to degradation of the agricultural material. Use of two or more pretreatment methods for delignification and the use of genetically modified agricultural biomass can be developed for economically feasible ethanol production.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cellulose-containing materials"

Komakha, V. O., and О. S. Komakha. "Thin-layer organosilicon coatings for the protection of cellulose-containing materials." In SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY: GLOBAL TRENDS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-046-9-33.

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Nakajo, Shouta, Takuya Murakami, Haruka Shimada, Kozo Osawa, Masahiko Murata, Tomoyuki Itaya, Kyoichi Oshida, Kenji Takeuchi, and Morinobu Endo. "Characterization of carbon/carbon composites containing cellulose by electrospinning." In 2016 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) [Includes 28th International Conference on Indium Phosphide & Related Materials (IPRM) & 43rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS)]. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciprm.2016.7528696.

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Vasil`kov, Alexander. "HYBRID MATERIALS BASED ON METAL-CONTAINING MICROCRYSTALLINE AND BACTERIAL CELLULOSE: GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/6.1/s24.026.

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Monreal, Gabriel, Frank Zamora, Hans Henrik Ovrebo, Peter Orizondo, and Otto Soidinsalo. "Characterization of a New Green Material for Offshore Well Completions and Downhole Treatments." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31870-ms.

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Abstract In oil and gas well construction during the drillouts or wellbore cleaning process, one of the most critical functions of land and offshore completions fluids is the ability to suspend solids effectively under extreme downhole conditions. Conventional agents such as xanthan gum, HEC and numerous other polymers have historically been used to accomplish this function, albeit with limitations. Functionally, these commonly used polymers depend primarily upon viscosity rather than elastic characteristics to suspend solids and require intensive chemical processing that leads to high deployment cost. Recently microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has been investigated as a prospective suspending agent in carrier fluids for extreme downhole conditions. MFC is a unique type of superfine cellulose fibrils obtained from fully sustainable sources that have been subjected to proprietary treatment procedures, resulting in fibril bundles consisting of lateral dimensions in the sub-micron scale and lengths up to micron scale with abundant terminal hydroxyl functional groups. When dispersed into aqueous solutions, the resulting fluid has been characterized to have several favorable rheological, chemical and mechanical properties. Rheological measurements show the viscoelasticity of MFC dispersions is dominated by their storage modulus (G′ > G″) even with fluids formulated with as low as 0.25 wt% (about 20 lbm MFC /1000 gallons). The result is a suspension that exhibits superior particle suspension properties compared on a mass basis to conventional materials such as guar, CMC, HEC and xanthan gum. In addition, MFC solutions exhibit comparatively high viscosities at low shear rates but thin by several orders of magnitude at high shear, a characteristic that implies less work on surface equipment while having the ability to suspend solids at very low pump rates. MFC dispersions also have an excellent brine tolerance, demonstrating stable suspensions over weeks in fluids containing up to 150,000 mg/L TDS. The dispersions are stable at downhole relevant temperatures, applicable at low and high pH levels and resistant to shear degradation. Finally, MFC originates from natural resources and is environmentally benign and biodegradable. This paper describes the comprehensive characterization of the rheological and suspension properties that distinguish MFC from other conventionally used materials and make it fit-for-purpose as a robust, environmentally benign and high-performance suspending agent for downhole applications.

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Gupta, A. K., E. Ilanchezhian, and E. L. Keating. "Influence of PVC on the Product Composition of Solid Waste During Thermal Destruction." In ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1994-0457.

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Abstract Equilibrium thermochemical calculations of a mixture of non-plastic and plastic surrogate solid waste are presented here under conditions of pyrolysis and combustion. The non-plastic waste is assumed to be cellulose while the plastic waste constituents contained the following different kinds of materials: polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene tetraphthalic, nylon, latex in the form of rubber, polyurethane, acetate and cellophane. The cellulose represents organic portion of the waste such as paper and cardboard. The mole fractions of different stable and unstable compounds formed during pyrolysis are significantly affected by the chemical properties of the waste. In general the amount of CO and H2O was found to remain very high at temperatures up to 2000K. while the CO2, H2O and CH4 decreased with the increase in temperature. The general trend with combustion at different mole fractions of oxygen was to achieve an increase of CO2, H2O, NO and NO2 while the concentrations of CH4, H2, CO and HCl showed a systematic decrease. The concentration and amount to different compounds formed were significantly affected with the amount of air and the chemical nature of the waste. The adiabatic flame temperature is significantly affected by the chemical composition of the plastic under conditions of combustion in air. Plastics yield significantly higher temperatures than the mixture of plastic and non-plastic waste. Experimental results showed good trend with the calculated results. Pyrolysis of waste at higher temperatures followed by combustion of resulting gases yield higher flame temperature and provides excess enthalpy of flames. The results show significant effect of controlled combustion on the amount and nature of chemical species formed as well as the subsequent flame temperature. This information can assist in developing strategies in the design and operation of facilities being used for the permanent disposal of wastes containing varying amounts of plastics.

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Kato, Yoko. "The Role of Protein as a Deformation Controller in Cellulose Tissue." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89313.

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The tunic of Halocynthia roretzi is composed of cellulose Iβ, mostly in crystalline form. It was recently revealed that the tunic can actively deform in response to mechanical stimuli and acetylcholine and that the tunic has F-actin, elastic fibers, acetylcholinesterase, and neurofilaments, which are involved in this process. Most of the hemocytes in the tunic secrete an enzyme whose substrate is the same as that of α-chymotrypsin; however, the enzyme’s role has not yet been determined. In this study, it was hypothesized that the enzyme hydrolyzes the protein in the tunic to induce tunic deformation. The results show that administration of α-chymotrypsin results in deformation of the tunic in an inward direction. Tunic deformation can be induced by the secretion of hemocytes due to greater hydrolysis of protein in the inner rather than outer regions. The deformation pattern is the same as that induced by both mechanical stimuli and acetylcholine. Moreover, stimulation with an electrical field (3.4 × 102 V/m), which is too weak to deform cellulose, still causes tunic deformation, indicating involvement of the nervous system. These characteristics will be helpful for the design of an active composite material containing cellulose.

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Waly, Gihan H., Inas S. Abdel Hamid, Mohamed A. Sharaf, Mona K. Marei, and Naglaa A. Mostafa. "Evaluation of Hybrid Chitosan-Cellulose Biodegradable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47068.

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Natural polymers continue to provide effective biocompatible scaffolds for use in tissue engineering applications. In some respects, their chemical structure closely mimics that of the extracelluar matrix of biological tissues. Eventhough a wide variety of biopolymers can be used for these applications, no single polymer has been yet found to fulfill all requirements needed in a scaffold material. In an attempt to combine the advantages of two natural polymers, hybrid scaffolds of chitosan/cellulose constructs had been evaluated as candidates for tissue engineering applications. Four groups of hybrid chitosan/cellulose scaffolds were prepared with different cellulose concentrations. The surface and bulk porosities scaffolds have been examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM photographs revealed that all hybrid scaffold groups exhibited an interconnected highly porous structure. Percent porosity and pore volume distribution were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The scaffolds were mechanically tested to evaluate their compressive strength. The biodegradation rate in lysozyme-containing saline had been also determined over a six week period. The MIP results showed that all scaffolds had percent porosity in excess of 75% and that the percent porosity decreased by increasing the cellulose concentration. The incremental intrusion versus diameter curves revealed that most of the scaffolds porosity occurred in the macro-scale. The compressive strength of the scaffold showed an increase with an increase in the cellulose concentration. However, the biodegradation rate was found to vary inversely with the cellulose content in the hybrid. In order to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the chitosan-based scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells were statically seeded and their attachment had been evaluated. The results revealed that after three and eight day of seeding, the scaffolds became highly populated with cells. This serves as a clear indicatation that the scaffolds thus investigated promote cell attachment and support cell proliferation and proliferation. Thus, the investigated scaffolds are promising candidates for tissue engineering applications.

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Beyler Çiğil, Aslı. "Biobased intelligent packaging application." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p40.

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Changes in consumer preferences in order to reach safe food have led to innovations in packaging technologies. Intelligent and active packaging is a constantly developed packaging technology that plans to offer safer and higher quality products. Active packaging refers to the inclusion of additives in the package in order to maintain and / or extend shelf life and product quality. Intelligent systems, on the other hand, are systems that monitor the status of packaged food during this entire period to provide information about the quality of the packaged during storage and transportation. The aim of this study is to produce a completely natural intelligent packaging material using rosehip extract and biopolymer, which is a substance that naturally changes color with pH. In this study, cellulose acetate butyrate biobased films containing different rates (1, 2.5, 5, 10 wt%) of rosehip extract were produced by solvent casting method. The chemical structure the rosehip containing biobased film and blank biobased film were characterized by ATR-FTIR. The transparency of prepared five different films were determined by UV spectroscopy. The color characteristic of blank and rosehip containing films measured with spectrophotometer. Surface energy of all films and contact angles were determined with goniometer. Biobased films were printed and printability parameters such as color, gloss, contact angle, surface tension were examined. It is concluded that blank biobased film is colorless, transparent and all biobased films have good printability. It was determined that the amount of rosehip extract increased the color change visibly. The biobased films obtained are pink in acidic medium and yellow-green in alkaline medium. The results prove that biobased film produced with rosehip extract and cellulose acetate butyrate can be used in intelligent packaging applications.

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Missoum, A., A. K. Gupta, and E. L. Keating. "Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Bisphenol-A-Polycarbonate in a Laboratory Scale Thermal Destruction Facility." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0763.

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Abstract Results of pyrolysis tests are presented from a laboratory scale thermal destruction facility on samples containing varying composition of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (PC) mixed with non-plastic material (cellulose). Equilibrium thermochemical calculations were performed under conditions of pyrolysis. Temperature was varied from 600 to 1400K. Data provided the effect of temperature and the chemical composition of the surrogate solid waste on the emissions of NOx, CO, CO2, HC and O2. Increase in temperature enhances thermal destruction behavior of the surrogate waste which results in maximum volume reduction of the waste and an increase in the volume and heating value of the product gases. The numerical calculations using equilibrium conditions show similar trends to those obtained experimentally. Under pyrolysis conditions, the measured levels of CO, CO2 and HC were lower than the calculated ones in the temperature range of 700–1000K and higher in the 1100–1400K range. In all tests the measured O2 concentrations were higher than the calculated results. In general the level of CO was found to be very high while CO2 decreased with an increase in temperature. These results suggest that the composition of the waste as well as the conditions under which the thermal destruction process takes place, (i.e., temperature and rate of heating) affects thermal destruction. These results reveal significant effect of controlled pyrolysis on the amount and nature of species formed. This information can assist in developing strategies for the design and operation of thermal destruction facilities.

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Woerner, Joerg, Sonja Margraf, and Walter Hackel. "Remediation of a Uranium-Contamination in Ground Water." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7270.

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The former production site of NUKEM where nuclear fuel-elements were developed and handled from 1958 to 1988 was situated in the centre of an industrial park for various activities of the chemical and metallurgical industry. The size of the industrially used part is about 300.000m2. Regulatory routine controls showed elevated CHC (Chlorinated Hydro-Carbons) values of the ground water at the beginning of the 1990’s in an area which represented about 80.000 m2 down-gradient of locations where CHC compounds were stored and handled. Further investigations until 1998 proved that former activities on the NUKEM site, like the UF6 conversion process, were of certain relevance. The fact that several measured values were above the threshold values made the remediation of the ground water mandatory. This was addressed in the permission given by the Ministry for Nuclear Installations and Environment of Hesse according to §7 of the German atomic law in October 2000 [1]. Ground water samples taken in an area of about 5.000 m2 showed elevated values of total Uranium activity up to between 50 and 75 Bq/l in 2002. Furthermore in an area of another 20.000m2 the samples were above threshold value. In this paper results of the remediation are presented. The actual alpha-activities of the ground waters of the remediation wells show values of 3 to 9Bq/l which are dominated by 80 to 90% U-234 activity. The mass-share of total Uranium for this nuclide amounts to 0,05% on average. The authority responsible for conventional water utilisation defined target values for remediation: 20μg/l for dissolved Uranium and 10μg/l for CHC [2]. Both values have not yet been reached for an area of about 10.000 m2. The remediation process by extracting water from four remediation wells has proved its efficiency by reduction of the starting concentrations by a factor of 3 to 6. Further pumping will be necessary especially in that area of the site where the contaminations were found later during soil remediation activities. Only two wells have been in operation since July 2002 when the remediation technique was installed and an apparatus for direct gamma-spectroscopic measurement of the accumulated activities on the adsorbers was qualified. Two further remediation wells have been in operation since August 2006, when the installed remediation technique was about to be doubled from a throughput of 5 m3/h to 10 m3/h. About 20.000 m3 of ground water have been extracted since from these two wells and the decrease of their Uranium-concentrations behaves similar to that of the two other wells being extracted since the beginning of remediation. Both, total Uranium-concentrations and the weight-share of the nuclides U-234, U-235 and U-238 are measured by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry) besides measurements of Uranium-Alpha-Activities in addition to the measurement of CHC components of which PCE (Perchlor-Ethene) is dominant in the contaminated area. CHC compounds are measured by GC (Gas Chromatography). Down-gradient naturally attenuated products are detected in various compositions. Overall 183.000m3 of ground water have been extracted. Using a pump & treat method 11 kg Uranium have been collected on an ion-exchange material based on cellulose, containing almost 100 MBq U-235 activity, and almost 15 kg of CHC, essentially PCE, were collected on GAC (Granules of Activated Carbon). Less than 3% of the extracted Uranium have passed the adsorber-system of the remediation plant and were adsorbed by the sewage sludge of the industrial site’s waste water treatment. The monthly monitoring of 19 monitoring wells shows that an efficient artificial barrier was built up by the water extraction. The Uranium contamination of two ground water plumes has drastically been reduced by the used technique dependent on the amounts of extracted water. The concentration of the CHC contamination has changed depending on the location of temporal pumping. Thereby maximum availability of this contaminant for the remediation process is ensured. If locations with unchanged water quality are detected electrochemical parameters of the water or hydro-geologic data of the aquifer have to be taken into further consideration to improve the process of remediation.

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