Дисертації з теми "Cellules à enclumes de diamant"
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Toraille, Loïc. "Utilisation de centres NV comme capteurs de champs magnétiques à haute pression dans des cellules à enclumes de diamant." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN056/document.
Повний текст джерелаPressure is a physical variable that alters structural, electronic and magnetic interactions in all materials. Reaching high pressure is thus a way to create new materials such as superconductors with record critical temperatures. High pressures can be enabled through the use of diamond anvil cells (DAC), which can attain pressures of several hundred of GPa. It is however quite a challenge to measure magnetic properties of materials inside a DAC because of the very small sample volume available and of technical constraints. In this PhD thesis, we demonstrate the use of a magnetometry method based on the electronic spin resonance of NV centers in diamond. These NV centers are fabricated directly on top of one of the DAC anvils, which places them in contact with the magnetic sample.In the first chapter, we describe how the DAC works and we present the different ways of probing magnetic properties that have been developed for high pressure conditions. We then explain the operating principle of NV magnetometry and use this method to measure the magnetization of a micro-magnet at ambient pressure. The sensitivity of this measure is comparable to that of SQUID magnetometry. In the third chapter, we discuss how mechanical constraints modify the spin resonance of the NV center, and describe how this effect combines with the influence of an external magnetic field. By decoupling these two effects, we can observe the magnetic phase transition of iron around 15 to 30 GPa, which is displayed in the fourth chapter. Finally, the last chapter briefly presents the context and stakes associated with the synthesis of superconducting superhydrides with high critical temperature. We perform an optical detection of a superconducting phase inside a DAC with NV centers through the observation of the Meissner effect in MgB2 at a pressure of 7 GPa and with a critical temperature of 30 K
Madon, Michel. "Cellules à enclumes de diamant et microscopie électronique en transmission : étude expérimentale des transformations de phase du manteau terrestre." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066123.
Повний текст джерелаMadon, Michel. "Cellule à enclumes de diamant et microscopie électronique en transmission étude expérimentale des transformations de phase du manteau terrestre." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375993242.
Повний текст джерелаGAUTRON, LAURENT. "Cellule a enclumes de diamant et microscopie electronique : etude de la mineralogie de la zone de transition du manteau superieur." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066128.
Повний текст джерелаOccelli, Florent. "Physique de l'hydrogène à haute pression." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066453.
Повний текст джерелаMarizy, Adrien. "Super-hydrures sous pression pour le stockage de l’hydrogène et la supraconductivité : développement d’outils et résultats sur H3S, CrHx, LiBH4 et NaBHx." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX115/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, under pressures of several gigapascals, new hydrides have been synthesised with striking properties that may herald technological breakthroughs for hydrogen storage and superconductivity. In this PhD thesis, several superhydrides have been studied experimentally and simulated by DFT. The pressure phase diagrams of LiBH4 and NaBH4, two compounds of interest for hydrogen storage, have been explored thanks to X-ray diffraction and Raman and infrared spectroscopy up to pressures of 300 GPa without observing any decomposition. The insertion of hydrogen inside NaBH4 generates the superhydride NaBH4(H2)0.5. To refine the interpretation of the record superconductivity found in H2S under pressure at 200 K, the superhydride H3S has been synthesised from S and H elements. The results of the diffraction study seem to be at odds with the commonly accepted interpretation that Im-3m H3S is responsible for the superconductivity observed and leaves the door open to other interpretations. Finally, CrHx hydrides with x = 1, 1.5 and 2 have also been synthesised from the elements and characterised by X-ray diffraction. Although these hydrides do correspond to the ones that had been numerically predicted, the absence of the expected higher stoichiometries is discussed. To measure the superconductivity temperatures calculated for MHx hydrides, a miniature diamond anvil cell which allows the detection of a Meissner effect has been developed
Gauvin, Mélanie. "Approche analytique in situ du mécanisme anti-usure des phosphates de zinc." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0021.
Повний текст джерелаEco-friendly lubricant additives are of primary environmental and economical importance. Their design rely on our understanding of anti-wear additives such as the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). ZDDP has the remarkable property of forming a thin protective coating against wear, called ZDDP-tribofilm ,at the interface of a boundary lubricated contact. However, detailed reactional pathwaγs leading to the ZDDP tribofilm formation and mechanisms responsible for wear inhibition are still unsolved. High local pressures in the range of several giga pascals in a boundary lubricated contact are likely to modify the atomic structure and macroscopic properties of materials at this interface. Our work focuses on an in situ analysis of structural modifications of ZDDP-like model compounds when exposed to high hydrostatic pressures, up to 20 GPa. We chose to model the ZDDP additive by zinc phosphate compounds (ZP) after performing tribological tests under boundary lubrication conditions using colloidal Zn3 (P04)2, ,Zn2P207 and Zn(P03 )2 compounds mixed to a poly-alpha-olefin oil, at ambient temperature formation of a tribofilm is observed at the interface for Zn3(P04)2 while it is negligible for Zn2P207 and Zn(PO3)2 materials. Mechanical and topographical properties of the amorphous film formed from Zn3(P04)z at the interface, show some similarities with ZDDP tribofilm. In situ micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to probe P04 tetrahedra structural modifications in ZP compounds of different phosphate chain lengths, up to 20 GPa. Pressure had no effect on PO4 tetrahedra polymerization in tested materials and cannot account for the formation of long-chain phosphates found in the ZDDP-tribofilm. Between 0. 1 MPa. And 4 GPa, α -Zn3(P04 )2 Raman spectra undergo important modifications which were attributed to a phase transition of the initial crystalline structure. Above 4 GPa,Zn3(P04 )2 Raman spectra show a progressive loss of the long-rang order in the sample. The structure recovered after decompression is similar to an amorphous Zn3(P04 )2 compound. Local environment of Zn atoms in α Zn3(PO4)2 was investigated under' high static pressure by in situ Zn-K edge EXAFS and XANES spectroscopies. Crystalline order around Zn atoms was found to vanish down to the second sphere of coordination and the mean Zn-O bond length is increased by 0. 046 +0. 005. A when pressure increases from 0. 1 MPa to 3. 5 GPa. The coordination number around Zn atoms does not change significantly at a maximal pressure of 7 GPa. The disordered local structure of zinc atoms observed at high pressure is conserve a decompression. Finally, a reciprocating tribometer combined with in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to probe α-Zn3(P04)2 structural transformations occurring under combined shear and pressure constrains at ambient temperature. Tribolocically constrained Zn3(P04)2 structures were found to be identical to high pressure phases formed in static high pressure experiment and led to the formation of an amourphous zinc orthophosphate tribofilm
Millot, Marius. "Spectroscopies sous haute pression et champ magnétique intense." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436291.
Повний текст джерелаGauvin, Melanie. "Approche analytique in situ du mécanisme anti-usure des phosphates de zinc." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770267.
Повний текст джерелаBerkani, Sophia. "Comportement tribologique et analyses in-situ de polyphosphates de zinc : apport de la spectroscopie Raman." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00963748.
Повний текст джерелаPopescu, Catalin. "Utilisation de la haute pression comme moyen de dopage "propre" d'oxydes de cobalt." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112177.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work was to establish the correlations between the external pressure and doping. First, we developed a High-Pressure X-ray diffraction setup under pressure, in the laboratory, using an X-ray tube as source. The installation is conceived in angle dispersive setup with classic generator equipped with a MolAg anticathode. Single-capillary AXCO X-ray optics with a K~ filter was used. An intensity gain up to about seven orders of magnitude was observed while the divergence was estimated to 0,21°. Two references compounds (NaCI and LaB6) were used with the aim of validate our instrument. We determined their equation of state which was then compared with the reported references. The comparison showed a good agreement between our results and the reported results that proved the good quality of our X-ray diffraction setup. After validate the installation, a diffraction study under pressure for sodium cobaltites non-doped or manganese doped has been carried out. The aim of the study was to correlate the external pressure with the internaI pressure. The results showed that a manganese doping of 70% correspond to a pressure of 3. 1 GPa. A complementary study of X-ray absorption was carried to complete our results. We compared the evolution of the cobalt-cobalt distance (parameter a) for the same concentration of sodium by the two methods and a similar evolution was obtained. These results showed a good agreement between XAS and XRD
Tran, Trung Hieu. "Élasticité des verres silicatés sous pression : étude par diffusion Brillouin." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20181.
Повний текст джерелаWe study the elastoplastic response of silicate glasses at high stresses with Brillouin light scattering. 3D micro-Brillouin mapping residual density field are obtained in the plastic region left by a Vickers indentation. Maps are compared with finite element modeling. The joint analysis of new high-pressure measurements in a diamond anvil cell on silica in the elastic domain and literature data revealed that the abnormal hardening of elastic moduli with temperature is of dynamical origin. The onset temperature of the hardening increases with increasing applied hydrostatic pressure. We also observe that densification of silica strongly reduces the amplitude of the maximum in internal friction observed at 2 GPa as well as it suppresses the compressibility anomaly
Montagnac, Gilles, and Gilles Montagnac. "Spectroscopie Raman résonnante UV in situ à haute température ou à haute pression." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790770.
Повний текст джерелаMontagnac, Gilles. "Spectroscopie Raman résonnante UV in situ à haute température ou à haute pression." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0784/document.
Повний текст джерелаI applied UV resonant Raman spectroscopy (UVRRS) to an ‘in situ’ study of carbon materials at very hight temperature (> 2000 K) or at high pressure (< 1 GPa).The advantages of UVRRS are presented in the first part of this PHD thesis, and used to investigate details of the composition and structure of disordered carbon materials such as: (1) n-type nanocrystalline films, (2) carbonaceous matter in chondrites and (3) tholins, HCN synthetic samples of Titan 's atmosphere.‘In situ’ Raman studies are limited to 2000 K by the visible black-body emission. I designed a high temperature cell to perform UVRRS above this limit. The second part of the manuscript presents Raman spectra of pyrolitic graphite and HOPG up to 2700 K. This data are consistent with anharmonic models up to 900 K, and show the coupling effects of electron-phonon and phonon-phonon. The last one dominates the anharmonicity above 1000 K. The Raman spectra was calibrated as a function of temperature and became a “thermometer” up to 2700 K.For high pressure measurements in the third part, I modified an anvil cell to study by UVRRS, the vibrational changes induced by pressure on very luminescent molecular organic crystals. I present an analysis at 244 nm of resonant Raman modes of perylene crystal under hydrostatic pressure up to 0.8 GPa. Some of them have a non linear feature under pressure, revealing structural and planar modifications of the molecules
Gondé, Charlotte. "Etude expérimentale in situ du dégazage d'un magma rhyolitique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320491.
Повний текст джерелаNisr, Carole. "Caractérisation des dislocations in situ dans les minéraux sous haute pression." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10114/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Earth mantle and inner core are submitted to large scale movements of solid materials. The physical process allowing the flow of solid materials is connected to plastic properties and, in particular, dislocations. It is the source of seismic wave velocities anisotropy. However, the deformation mechanisms of deep Earth minerals are poorly understood. Deep in the Earth’s interior, minerals are under extreme conditions; the temperature reaches several thousand degrees and the pressure is more than one million times the atmospheric pressure. The experimental study of the plasticity of those minerals requires deformation experiments under high pressure and temperature. High pressure phenomena are often determined from experiments using diamond anvil cell to reach the conditions of pressure and temperature of the mantle. The objective of this thesis was to develop a new technique for studying dislocations in situ in grains inside a polycrystal under high pressure, directly from their effect on the X ray diffraction profiles. To do so, we combine three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3D-XRD) to X ray Line Profile Analysis method (XLPA). The development done in this thesis was applied to post-perovskite, the main constituent of the D'' layer at the core-mantle boundary and to stishovite, present mainly in subducting slabs. The results obtained are useful for understanding and modeling of convection and the development of seismic anisotropy in the mantle
Laniel, Dominique. "Étude de solides moléculaires fortement azotés sous conditions extrêmes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31557.
Повний текст джерелаAyrinhac, Simon. "Propagation et atténuation du son dans la silice - étude par spectroscopie Brillouin et acoustique picoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626302.
Повний текст джерелаNikitin, Sergey. "Laser ultrasonics in a diamond anvil cell for investigation of simple molecular compunds at ultrahigh pressures." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD research work is devoted to the use of laser ultrasound in high-pressure physics. The research is done using the recently established technique of laser ultrasonic measurements in a diamond anvil cell which allows investigation of the sound propagation and determination of the acoustic wave velocities at ultrahigh pressures. Time domain Brillouin scattering was applied here to depth-profiling of polycrystalline aggregate of ice compressed in a diamond anvil cell to megabar pressures. The technique allowed examination of characteristic dimensions of elastic inhomogeneities and texturing of polycrystalline ice in the direction, normal to the diamond anvil surfaces with sub-micrometer spatial resolution via time-resolved measurements of variations in the propagation velocity of the acoustic pulse travelling in the compressed sample. It was applied to measure the acoustic velocities in H2O ice up to 84 Gpa. The developed imaging technique provides, for each crystallite (or a group of crystallites) in chemically homogeneous transparent aggregate, usable information on its orientation as well as on the value of the elastic modulus along the direction of the sound propagation. This extends the basis for a successful application of highly developed micromechanical models of solids deformation at mbar pressure. On long term, such experiments extended to earth’s minerals and high or low temperatures would insure a significant progress in understanding of convection of the earth’s mantle and thus evolution of this and other planets
Faklaris, Orestis. "Nanoparticules de diamant fluorescentes comme marqueurs pour les cellules: étude de leurs propriétés optiques et de leur mécanisme d'internalisation." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439561.
Повний текст джерелаMedeghini, Fabio. "Optics and acoustics with a single nano-object : environment effects." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1026/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, the properties of a single nanoparticle have been tuned altering its environment. Specifically, in the first part of this work, the surface plasmon resonance of individual gold nanobipyramids has been experimentally studied under a pressure adjustable surrounding and its evolution physically framed thorough theoretical modeling.In order to access to the single nanoparticle optics while generating a hydrostatic high-pressure environment, a challenging combination of the spatial modulation spectroscopy technique with the diamond anvil cell method has been achieved.In the second part of the thesis, the acoustic vibrations of individual gold nanodisks on sapphire substrate has been experimentally characterized via pump&probe spectroscopy. Particular attention has been paid to their damping as a function of the disks aspect-ratio enlightening the presence of quality-factors enhancements.Numeric modeling has provided a physical insight for the observed amplifications, showing that modes hybridizations occur at specific aspect-ratios, potentially reducing the acoustic energy loss towards the interface disk/substrate
Sonneville, Camille. "Étude des propriétés élastiques des verres d’oxydes sous haute pression : implications structurales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10114/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe structural study of glasses under pressure is of fundamental interest in Physics, Earth Science and is technologically important for the comprehension of industrial material properties. The elastic anomaly at 2.5GPa in pure silica glass is a well known phenomenon and its existence is more than likely in GeO2 glass. In this work the persistence of the elastic anomaly in more complex and more widely glass compositions as sodium alumino silicate glasses was studied. The elastic anomaly was studied in situ in GeO2 and three sodium alumino silicate glasses by Brillouin and Raman scattering. The studied sodium alumino silicate glasses had the following compositions : (Al2O3)X(Na2O)25−X(SiO2)75 where X=0, 6 et 12% and is the molar percentage of Al2O3. The elastic anomaly was shown to persist in a broad domain of chemical compositions thus its existence is not reduced to pure silica glass. Its existence seems to be linked to the presence of 6 membered rings. Beyond the elastic limit, the structural modifications was studied in pure silica, GeO2 glass and sodium alumino silica glasses (with X=0, 2, 6, 9, 12 et 16% of Al2O3) in order to structurally better understand the densification phenomenon. Firstly the elastic anomaly was studied by Brillouin scattering experiments, was shown to progressively disappear with the densification. This progressive disappearance was interpreted in terms of a progressive structure induced transformation from a Low Density Amorphous form (LDA) into a High Density Amorphous form (HDA) : LDA → HDA. In situ and ex situ studies by Brillouin and Raman scattering, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) showed that the pressure induced structural transformation was highly dependent of the glass chemical composition. For instance the presence of sodium cations promotes short range order modifications, such as formation of highly coordinated species (Al, Si) and network depolymerization. On the other hand, glasses with a high aluminum concentration show a densification process closer to that of pure silica glass, with mainly middle range order structural modifications such as a decrease of the inter-tetrahedral angle or ring size decrease
Derenne, Sylvie. "Contribution a l'etude des proprietes physiques de mineraux du manteau inferieur." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066281.
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