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1
Kumar, A. Vinodh, and S. Kaja Mohideen. "Security Aware Routing Protocol for Hybrid Wireless Network (SARP-HWNs) via Trust Enhanced Mechanism." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 34–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2019010103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A hybrid wireless network handles both ad hoc networks and infrastructure networks, these networks are affected by malicious attacks which affect the routing by packet drops, modifications and selective forwarding. These attacks lead to the link failure in a network. Link failures are the main reason for packet loss and network unreliability in these kinds of networks. Due to link failures, the life time of the network and the performance of routing path is affected. The previous security mechanisms for protecting wireless networks are not sufficient for hybrid networks. In this article, the authors propose a trust-based security model to enhance security factors in hybrid networks. The proposed routing protocols implemented in hybrid network platforms consist of different networks such as a fixed node for WLANs (wireless televisions, personal computers, printers, cellular, etc.) with zero mobility, a sensor node for WSNs with zero mobility, mobile nodes with movements considered MANETs, and nodes with high movements (vehicles) considered as VANETs. This article proposes routing protocols to avoid link failure in the current routing path and provide quick recovery, improve the throughput, reduce end to end delay, maximize the life time of routing path without affecting energy consumption and QoS/QoE while compared with other existing techniques.
2
Alawi, Mahmoud, Raed Alsaqour, Maha Abdelhaq, Reem Alkanhel, Baraa Sharef, Elankovan Sundararajan, and Mahamod Ismail. "Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network." Systems 10, no. 5 (September 7, 2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10050142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A heterogeneous vehicular network (HetVNET) is a promising network architecture that combines multiple network technologies such as IEEE 802.11p, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), and third/fourth generation cellular networks (3G/4G). In this network area, vehicle users can use wireless fidelity access points (Wi-Fi APs) to offload 4G long-term evolution (4G-LTE) networks. However, when using Wi-Fi APs, the vehicles must organize themselves and select an appropriate mobile gateway (MGW) to communicate to the cellular infrastructure. Researchers are facing the problem of selecting the best MGW vehicle to aggregate vehicle traffic and reduce LTE load in HetVNETs when the Wi-Fi APs are unavailable for offloading. The selection process utilizes extra network overhead and complexity due to the frequent formation of clusters in this highly dynamic environment. In this study, we proposed a non-cluster adaptive QoS-aware gateway selection (AQAGS) scheme that autonomously picks a limited number of vehicles to act as LTE gateways based on the LTE network’s load status and vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) application’s QoS requirements. The present AQAGS scheme focuses on highway scenarios. The proposed scheme was evaluated using simulation of Urban mobility (SUMO) and network simulator version 2 (NS2) simulators and benchmarked with the clustered and non-clustered schemes. A comparison was made based on the end-to-end delay, throughput, control packet overhead (CPO), and packet delivery ratio (PDR) performance metrics over Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) applications. Using VoIP, the AQAGS scheme achieved a 26.7% higher PDR compared with the other schemes.
3
Awan, Irfan. "Mobility management for m-commerce requests in wireless cellular networks." Information Systems Frontiers 8, no. 4 (October 19, 2006): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10796-006-9002-7.
Повний текст джерела
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Park, Byungjoo, Ankyu Hwang, and Haniph Latchman. "Design of Optimized Multimedia Data Streaming Management Using OMDSM over Mobile Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2867127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobility management is an essential challenge for supporting reliable multimedia data streaming over wireless and mobile networks in the Internet of Things (IoT) for location-based mobile marketing applications. The communications among mobile nodes for IoT need to have a seamless handover for delivering high quality multimedia services. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mobility management schemes are the proposals for handling the routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. However, the standard mobility management scheme cannot prevent packet losses due to longer handover latency. In this article, a new enhanced data streaming route optimization scheme is introduced that uses an optimized Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) realignment algorithm in order to prevent the packet disordering problem whenever the nodes in the IoT environment are communicating with each other. With the proposed scheme, data packets sequence realignment can be prevented, the packet traffic speed can be controlled, and the TCP performance can be improved. The experimental results show that managing the packet order in proposed new scheme remarkably increases the overall TCP performance over mobile networks within the IoT environment thus ensuring the high quality of service (QoS) for multimedia data streaming in location-based mobile marketing applications.
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Aman, Madeeha, Saeed Mahfooz, Muhammad Zubair, Neelam Mukhtar, Kanwal Imran, and Shah Khusro. "Tunnel-Free Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) Support Protocol for Future Mobile Networks." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The number of wireless services and devices have remarkably increased, especially since the introduction of smart phones. The population of mobile nodes (MNs) is now exceeding the traditional non-mobile nodes. Mobility is a key factor in mobile core networks as it is responsible for providing continuous communication when a MN is on the move. Currently, a centralized mobile core network architecture is implemented, which has certain limitations. Distributed mobility management (DMM) is often seen as a solution to the problems associated with centralized mobility management (CMM). Address and tunneling management are big challenges for current DMM-based mobility protocols. Keeping in mind the current advancement of mobile network architecture, this paper proposes a novel tunnel-free distributed mobility management support protocol intended for such an evolution. In addition, the performance of the existing DMM IPv6 mobility management protocols in the context of handover latency, handover blocking probability, and data packet loss is analyzed and compared to the proposed framework. The performance analyses show that the proposed tunnel-free method can reduce about 12% of handover latency, 71% of handover blocking probability, and 82% of data packet loss.
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Royaee, Zohreh, Hamid Mirvaziri, and Amid Khatibi bardsiri. "Mobility management for RPL protocol in internet of things." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i1.pp451-458.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was proposed for various applications of IPv6 low power wireless networks. While RPL supports various routing metrics and is designed to be suitable for wireless sensor network environments, it does not consider the mobility of nodes. Therefore, there is a need for a method that is energy efficient and that provides stable and reliable data transmission by considering the mobility of nodes in RPL networks. In this paper a new heuristic flabellum algorithm inspired by physical and biological behaviour of flabella in the sea is presented, and bottleneck and swarm problems are resolved through managing the moving nodes by flabellum algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm’s performance is evaluated using the Cooja simulator. The proposed algorithm;Flabellum RPL; shows significant improvements with regards to packet delivery, and convergence and lifetime.</p>
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Islam, Shayla, Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, and Md Abdur Razzaque. "MM-PNEMO: a mathematical model to assess handoff delay and packet loss." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.1525.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wireless networks incorporate Mobile Nodes (MNs) that use wireless access networks to communicate. However, the communication among these MNs are not remained stable due to the poor network coverage during inter mobility. Moreover, the wireless nodes are typically small that results in resource-constrained. Thus, it is uphill to use algorithms having giant processing power or memory footprint. Accordingly, it is essential to check schemes consistently to evaluate the performance within the probable application scenario. To do so, numerical analysis could be a notable method to grasp the performance of mobility management schemes as well as the constraint of evolving mobility management solutions specifically for multi-interfaced MR in Proxy NEMO environment. This paper analyzes handoff performance by using a mathematical model of Multihoming-based scheme to support Mobility management in Proxy NEMO (MM-PNEMO) environment. Moreover, a comparative study has been made among the standard Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol (NEMO BSP), Proxy NEMO (PNEMO) and MM-PNEMO scheme respectively. The performance metrics estimated for these schemes are mainly handoff delay and packet loss. This paper also analysed the packet loss ratio and handoff gain as a function of cell radius, number of SMR and velocity respectively. It is apparent that, the MM-PNEMO scheme shows lower packet loss ratio (1%) compared to NEMO-BSP (11%) and P-NEMO (6%).
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Skehill, Ronan J., and Sean McGrath. "The Application of Fluid Mobility Modelling in Wireless Cellular Networks." Mobile Information Systems 3, no. 2 (2007): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/380671.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobility models, synthetic or trace, try to accurately model the movement of a single user or a group of users. Models can be used in simulators and emulators to investigate the consequences of mobility on new protocols or network management techniques. A limitation with current trace mobility models is they are based on empirical data which are limited to specific network types and environments. Limitations with synthetic models are that they are complex, computationally heavy, and lack realism. To address these issue a new approach needs to be taken. One such approach is the use of fluid mechanics and transport theory to represent user mobility. A model based on viscous free irrotational fluid mechanics with empirical data from pedestrian and vehicular studies provide a means of creating realistic group movement characteristics with smooth non random trajectories and smooth continuous velocity. The model is used in an example to provide boundary crossing rates for users in a cellular network and optimising the size of cellular location areas.
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Marques, Daniel, Carlos Senna, and Miguel Luís. "Forwarding in Energy-Constrained Wireless Information Centric Networks." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 13, 2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Information Centric Networks (ICNs) have been considered one of the most promising candidates to overcome the disadvantages of host-centric architectures when applied to IoT networks, having the potential to address the challenges of a smart city. One of the foundations of a smart city is its sensory capacity, which is obtained through devices associated with the IoT concept. The more sensors spread out, the greater the ability to sense the city. However, such a scale demands high energy requirements and an effective improvement in the energy management is unavoidable. To improve the energy management, we are proposing an efficient forwarding scheme in energy-constrained wireless ICNs. To achieve this goal, we consider the type of devices, their internal energy and the network context, among other parameters. The proposed forwarding strategy extends and adapts concepts of ICNs, by means of packet domain analysis, neighbourhood evaluation and node sleeping and waking strategies. The proposed solution takes advantage of the neighbourhood to be aware of the moments to listen and forward packets in order to consistently address mobility, improving the quality of content delivery. The evaluation is performed by simulation with real datasets of urban mobility, one from the lagoon of “Ria de Aveiro” and the other from a vehicular network in the city of Porto. The results show that the proposed forwarding scheme resulted in significant improvements in network content availability, in the overall energy saving and, consequently, in the network lifetime.
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Mathonsi, Topside E., Tshimangadzo Mavin Tshilongamulenzhe, and Bongisizwe Erasmus Buthelezi. "Enhanced Resource Allocation Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 24, no. 6 (November 20, 2020): 763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2020.p0763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In heterogeneous wireless networks, service providers typically employ multiple radio access technologies to satisfy the requirements of quality of service (QoS) and improve the system performance. However, many challenges remain when using modern cellular mobile communications radio access technologies (e.g., wireless local area network, long-term evolution, and fifth generation), such as inefficient allocation and management of wireless network resources in heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs). This problem is caused by the sharing of available resources by several users, random distribution of wireless channels, scarcity of wireless spectral resources, and dynamic behavior of generated traffic. Previously, resource allocation schemes have been proposed for HWNs. However, these schemes focus on resource allocation and management, whereas traffic class is not considered. Hence, these existing schemes significantly increase the end-to-end delay and packet loss, resulting in poor user QoS and network throughput in HWNs. Therefore, this study attempts to solve the identified problem by designing an enhanced resource allocation (ERA) algorithm to address the inefficient allocation of available resources vs. QoS challenges. Computer simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed ERA algorithm by comparing it with a joint power bandwidth allocation algorithm and a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm. On average, the proposed ERA algorithm demonstrates a 98.2% bandwidth allocation, 0.75 s end-to-end delay, 1.1% packet loss, and 98.9% improved throughput performance at a time interval of 100 s.
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Gohar, Moneeb, Sajid Anwar, Moazam Ali, Jin-Ghoo Choi, Hani Alquhayz, and Seok-Joo Koh. "Partial Bicasting with Buffering for Proxy Mobile IPV6 Mobility Management in CoAP-Based IoT Networks." Electronics 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Constrained application protocol (CoAP) can be used for message delivery in wireless sensor networks. Although CoAP-based proxy mobile internet protocol (PMIP) was proposed for mobility management, it resulted in handover delay and packet loss. Therefore, an enhanced PMIP version 6, with partial bicasting in CoAP-based internet of things (IoT) networks, is proposed. Here, when an IoT device moved into a new network, the corresponding mobile access gateway (MAG) updated the local mobility anchor (LMA) binding. Further, LMA initiated the “partial” bicasting of data packets to the new and the previous MAGs. The data packets were buffered at the new MAG during handover and were forwarded to Mobile Node (MN) after the handover operations. The proposed scheme was compared with the existing scheme, using ns-3 simulations. We demonstrated that the proposed scheme reduced handover delays, packet losses, end-to-end delay, throughput, and energy consumption, compared to the existing scheme.
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Xie, Yaxiong, and Kyle Jamieson. "NG-Scope: Fine-Grained Telemetry for NextG Cellular Networks." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 50, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3547353.3522652.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accurate and highly-granular channel capacity telemetry of the cellular last hop is crucial for the effective operation of transport layer protocols and cutting edge applications, such as video on demand and videotelephony. This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental performance evaluation of NG-Scope, the first such telemetry tool able to fuse physical-layer channel occupancy readings from the cellular control channel with higher-layer packet arrival statistics and make accurate capacity estimates. NG-Scope handles the latest cellular innovations, such as when multiple base stations aggregate their signals together to serve mobile users. End-to-end experiments in a commercial cellular network demonstrate that wireless capacity varies significantly with channel quality, mobility, competing traffic within each cell, and the number of aggregated cells. Our experiments demonstrate significantly improved cell load estimation accuracy, missing the detection of less than 1% of data capacity overall, a reduction of 82% compared to OWL [2], the state-of-the-art in cellular monitoring. Further experiments show that MobileInsight-based [4] CLAW [6] has a root-mean-squared capacity error of 30.5 Mbit/s, which is 3.3× larger than NG-Scope (9.2 Mbit/s).
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Siang Hoh, Wei, Bi-Lynn Ong, Si-Kee Yoon, and R. Badlishah Ahmad. "A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of MIPv6 and PMIPv6 Mobility Management Protocols in Wireless Mesh Network." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 12 (November 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.12.si.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wireless communication is becoming essential due to the dramatic increase in the usage of mobile devices. The high demand for real-time or instant services requires wireless Internet networks which can support different Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees and different traffic characteristics. All Internet network mobile device services are supported by mobility management protocols. In this paper, we compare the performance of the MIPv6 and PMIPv6 mobility management protocols in the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) environment. We identify and analyze the MIPv6 and PMIPv6 mobility management protocols' characteristics by using performance indicators. The performance comparison of MIPv6 and PMIPv6 mobility management protocols was conducted in terms of throughput, latency, and packet loss ratio. Based on the conducted experimental results, we summarize the performances for MIPv6 and PMIPv6 mobility management protocols in the Wireless Mesh Network environment. The results obtained indicate that PMIPv6 generally outperforms MIPv6. In future work, the evaluation of HMPIv6, FMIPv6, and FHMIPv6 is proposed.
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Sardar, Bhaskar. "Analyzing Buffer Requirement for Wireless Enhancement of TCP in Network Mobility." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 9, no. 1 (January 2013): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2013010103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On-board TCP (obTCP) has been shown to address the dual wireless link related issues in network mobility (NEMO) effectively. obTCP uses agents at both base station (BS) and mobile router (MR). The agents store incoming TCP packet in a buffer for future possible retransmissions over the wireless links. Since the number of TCP connections passing through the MR could be very large, the amount of memory space required for the buffers may become very high. This may put the deployment of obTCP in question. So, in this paper, the authors investigate the buffer requirement problem of obTCP at MR for each TCP connection. For this purpose, they describe a Markov model to keep track of the packet transmission process of MR. The buffer size for each TCP connection is represented as a function of loss probability of the wireless links. Interestingly, from the numerical results, the authors find that the buffer size requirement at MR is significantly low for each TCP connections. This observation claims possible implementation of obTCP in NEMO.
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Davaasambuu, Battulga. "Handover with Buffering for Distributed Mobility Management in Software Defined Mobile Networks." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n1.137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rapidly-growing number of mobile subscribers has led to the creation of a large number of signalling messages. This makes it difficult to efficiently handle the mobility of subscribers in mobile cellular networks. The long-term evolution (LTE) architecture provides software-defined networking (SDN) to meet the requirements of 5G networks and to forward massive mobile data traffic. The SDN solution proposes separation of the control and data planes of a network. Centralized mobility management (CMM) is widely used in current mobile network technologies, such as 4G networks. One of the problems related to CMM is a single point of failure. To solve the problems of CMM and in order to provide for efficient mobility management, IETF has developed a solution called distributed mobility management (DMM), in which mobility is handled via the nearest mobility anchor. In this paper, we propose a DMM solution with handover operations for SDN-enabled mobile networks. The advantage of the proposed solution is that intra and inter handover procedures are defined with the data buffering and forwarding processes between base stations and mobility anchors. We adopt a simulation model to evaluate and compare the proposed solution with the existing solution in terms of handover latency, packet loss and handover failures.
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Davaasambuu, Battulga. "Handover with Buffering for Distributed Mobility Management in Software Defined Mobile Networks." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n1.137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rapidly-growing number of mobile subscribers has led to the creation of a large number of signalling messages. This makes it difficult to efficiently handle the mobility of subscribers in mobile cellular networks. The long-term evolution (LTE) architecture provides software-defined networking (SDN) to meet the requirements of 5G networks and to forward massive mobile data traffic. The SDN solution proposes separation of the control and data planes of a network. Centralized mobility management (CMM) is widely used in current mobile network technologies, such as 4G networks. One of the problems related to CMM is a single point of failure. To solve the problems of CMM and in order to provide for efficient mobility management, IETF has developed a solution called distributed mobility management (DMM), in which mobility is handled via the nearest mobility anchor. In this paper, we propose a DMM solution with handover operations for SDN-enabled mobile networks. The advantage of the proposed solution is that intra and inter handover procedures are defined with the data buffering and forwarding processes between base stations and mobility anchors. We adopt a simulation model to evaluate and compare the proposed solution with the existing solution in terms of handover latency, packet loss and handover failures.
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Paliwal, Rakesh, and Irfan Khan. "Design and Analysis of Soft Computing Based Improved Routing Protocol in WSN for Energy Efficiency and Lifetime Enhancement." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 3 (April 13, 2022): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i3.5521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile wireless sensor networks have been developed as a result of recent advancements in wireless technologies. Sensors in the network are low-cost and have a short battery life, in addition to their mobility. They are more applicable in terms of the essential properties of these networks. These networks have a variety of uses, including search and rescue operations, health and environmental monitoring, and intelligent traffic management systems, among others. According to the application requirements, mobile wireless sensor nodes are energy limited equipment, so energy conservation is one of the most significant considerations in the design of these networks. Aside from the issues posed by sensor node mobility, we should also consider routing and dynamic clustering. According to studies, cluster models with configurable parameters have a substantial impact on reducing energy usage and extending the network's lifetime. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to describe and select a smart method for clustering in mobile wireless sensor networks utilizing evolutionary algorithms in order to extend the network's lifetime and ensure packet delivery accuracy. For grouping sensor nodes in this work, the Genetic Algorithm is applied initially, followed by Bacterial Conjugation. The simulation's results show a significant increase in clustering speed acceleration. The speed of the nodes is taken into account in the suggested approach for calibrating mobile wireless sensor nodes.
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Shayea, Ibraheem, Pabiola Dushi, Mohammed Banafaa, Rozeha A. Rashid, Sawsan Ali, Mohd Adib Sarijari, Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh, and Hafizal Mohamad. "Handover Management for Drones in Future Mobile Networks—A Survey." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 6424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176424.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drones have attracted extensive attention for their environmental, civil, and military applications. Because of their low cost and flexibility in deployment, drones with communication capabilities are expected to play key important roles in Fifth Generation (5G), Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, and beyond. 6G and 5G are intended to be a full-coverage network capable of providing ubiquitous connections for space, air, ground, and underwater applications. Drones can provide airborne communication in a variety of cases, including as Aerial Base Stations (ABSs) for ground users, relays to link isolated nodes, and mobile users in wireless networks. However, variables such as the drone’s free-space propagation behavior at high altitudes and its exposure to antenna sidelobes can contribute to radio environment alterations. These differences may render existing mobility models and techniques as inefficient for connected drone applications. Therefore, drone connections may experience significant issues due to limited power, packet loss, high network congestion, and/or high movement speeds. More issues, such as frequent handovers, may emerge due to erroneous transmissions from limited coverage areas in drone networks. Therefore, the deployments of drones in future mobile networks, including 5G and 6G networks, will face a critical technical issue related to mobility and handover processes due to the main differences in drones’ characterizations. Therefore, drone networks require more efficient mobility and handover techniques to continuously maintain stable and reliable connection. More advanced mobility techniques and system reconfiguration are essential, in addition to an alternative framework to handle data transmission. This paper reviews numerous studies on handover management for connected drones in mobile communication networks. The work contributes to providing a more focused review of drone networks, mobility management for drones, and related works in the literature. The main challenges facing the implementation of connected drones are highlighted, especially those related to mobility management, in more detail. The analysis and discussion of this study indicates that, by adopting intelligent handover schemes that utilizing machine learning, deep learning, and automatic robust processes, the handover problems and related issues can be reduced significantly as compared to traditional techniques.
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Singh, Gulbir, Dr Om Prakash Dubey, and Maloy Dey. "USING NS-2 COMPARISON OF GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOLOGICAL MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS ON WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2017): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2017.541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Performance evaluation of geographical and topological multicast routing algorithms for cellular Wi-Fi ad-hoc networks is offered. Flooding and On-call for Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) are simulated and in comparison with novels protocols: Topological Multicast Routing (ToMuRo) and Geographical Multicast Routing (GeMuRo) in pedestrian and vehicular situations. The situations evaluated recollect one multicast transmitter and one, two and three multicast receivers under numerous mobility and transmission levels. The conduct of 150 nodes is evaluated in terms of cease to end postpone (EED), jitter, packet delivery ratio, and overhead. Consequences display that ToMuRo is suitable for pedestrian eventualities because of its tree-based structure and GeMuRo is right for vehicular situations because its miles based on a mesh topology.
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Siddiqui, Maraj Uddin Ahmed, Faizan Qamar, Muhammad Tayyab, MHD Nour Hindia, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, and Rosilah Hassan. "Mobility Management Issues and Solutions in 5G-and-Beyond Networks: A Comprehensive Review." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fully accomplished standardization of the new mobile generation has led to the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks to gratify enormous traffic volume for Internet services. The current centralized mobility system could not be sufficient to manage an explosive increase in data volume and is considered a steadily rising issue in modern wireless communication. A new technique that can affluently handle traffic problems and completely avoid network breakdown chances is indispensable. Recently, distributed mobility management (DMM) was introduced to overcome the inevitable obstacles that destructively impact the existing networks. Specifically, a novel design based on the deployment of distributed mobility anchors, closer to the terminal points, was introduced. Several works have been proposed to build DMM solutions with different focuses for 5G-and-beyond networks (B5G), which are also referred to as sixth-generation solutions (6G). In this paper, we present the potential and benefits of flat network design for efficient and fast routing of traffic and furnish the effectiveness of the scheme toward mobility management in B5G by delineating recent research works. We also present the current limitations, challenges, and future research directions for seamless mobility to achieve the desired objectives in the current 5G and upcoming 6G cellular communications.
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Siddiqui, Maraj Uddin Ahmed, Faizan Qamar, Muhammad Tayyab, MHD Nour Hindia, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, and Rosilah Hassan. "Mobility Management Issues and Solutions in 5G-and-Beyond Networks: A Comprehensive Review." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fully accomplished standardization of the new mobile generation has led to the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks to gratify enormous traffic volume for Internet services. The current centralized mobility system could not be sufficient to manage an explosive increase in data volume and is considered a steadily rising issue in modern wireless communication. A new technique that can affluently handle traffic problems and completely avoid network breakdown chances is indispensable. Recently, distributed mobility management (DMM) was introduced to overcome the inevitable obstacles that destructively impact the existing networks. Specifically, a novel design based on the deployment of distributed mobility anchors, closer to the terminal points, was introduced. Several works have been proposed to build DMM solutions with different focuses for 5G-and-beyond networks (B5G), which are also referred to as sixth-generation solutions (6G). In this paper, we present the potential and benefits of flat network design for efficient and fast routing of traffic and furnish the effectiveness of the scheme toward mobility management in B5G by delineating recent research works. We also present the current limitations, challenges, and future research directions for seamless mobility to achieve the desired objectives in the current 5G and upcoming 6G cellular communications.
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Chinara, Suchismita, and Santanu Kumar Rath. "Topology Control by Transmission Range Adjustment Protocol for Clustered Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." ISRN Communications and Networking 2011 (October 28, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/147925.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth of interest and research on multihop wireless network is exponential in recent years. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), the nodes play the role of routers to forward the packets of neighbor nodes as there is no fixed infrastructure available to do so. Clustering is a proven solution that maps the architecture of cellular networks into ad hoc networks. Here, selected nodes form the virtual backbone of the network and take part in packet routing. This achieves faster packet delivery as limited nodes are responsible for the same even though the network is not strongly connected. In this paper, a distributed topology adaptive clustering algorithm is designed that requires local information by the nodes for the formation of clusters. The role of cluster head is fairly distributed among the nodes to obtain a longer network lifetime. The change of cluster heads and the mobility of nodes disturb the node connectivity resulting in communication instability. To overcome such situations, a topology control protocol is developed that adjusts the transmission range of concerned mobile nodes to achieve local connectivity among nodes within the clusters even after the hand-off by the heads takes place.
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Fazio, Peppino, and Mauro Tropea. "Advanced Resources Reservation in Mobile Cellular Networks: Static vs. Dynamic Approaches under Vehicular Mobility Model." Telecom 2, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): 302–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom2040020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many studies in literature have shown that the bandwidth of an ongoing flow can dynamically change during multimedia sessions and an efficient bandwidth allocation scheme must be employed. This paper focuses its attention on the management of predictive services in Wireless Infrastructure Dynamic Networks. In particular, two classes of service are considered: NSIS-Mobility Independent Predictive and NSIS-Mobility Dependent Predictive, where NSIS is the Next Steps in Signaling protocol, employed for resources reservation in Integrated Services architectures. A general prediction technique is proposed, based both on the analysis of time spent into a cell by mobile nodes and on the probabilities of hand-in and hand-out events of mobile nodes from wireless cells. User mobility needs to be firstly analyzed and a novel realistic mobility model has been considered, differently from some existing works in which synthetic mobility is generated. The analysis of user mobility is mandatory when the reduction of passive resource reservations for NSIS-MIP users is desired, with a good enhancement in system utilization. Moreover, predictive reservation and admission control schemes have been integrated. The performance of the 2D wireless system is evaluated in terms of average system utilization, system outage probability, number of admitted flows and reservation prediction errors. We provided to carry out an extensive simulation campaign, in order to assess the goodness of the proposed idea: we verified that good results (in terms of perceived utility, bandwidth and admitted flows) can be obtained, outperforming also some existing works.
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Oksiiuk, Oleksandr, and Vadym Krotov. "ANALYSIS AND CHOICE OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS BASED ON THE USE THE NEURAL NETWORK." Informatyka Automatyka Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 9, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past few years, we have seen a rapid expansion in the field of mobile computing due to the proliferation of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. However, current devices, applications and protocols are solely focused on cellular or wireless local area networks (WLANs), not taking into account the great potential offered by ad hoc networking. Ad hoc networks are wireless mobile networks that can operate without infrastructure and without centralized network management. In such networks, the wireless mobile nodes may dynamically enter the network as well as leave the network. Mobility and dynamic topology are the main characteristics of ad hoc networks. In the last years, the hundreds of new routing protocols were designed, that are used for the various scenarios of this design space. The routing features in wireless ad hoc networks are described. The corresponding routing protocols are reviewed. The paper proposes a method for selecting the preferred protocol wireless networks using the mathematical tools of neural networks.
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Akbar, Shuja, Muhammad Mohsin Mehdi, M. Hasan Jamal, Imran Raza, Syed Asad Hussain, Jose Breñosa, Julio César Martínez Espinosa, Alina Eugenia Pascual Barrera, and Imran Ashraf. "Multipath Routing in Wireless Body Area Sensor Network for Healthcare Monitoring." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobility and low energy consumption are considered the main requirements for wireless body area sensor networks (WBASN) used in healthcare monitoring systems (HMS). In HMS, battery-powered sensor nodes with limited energy are used to obtain vital statistics about the body. Hence, energy-efficient schemes are desired to maintain long-term and steady connectivity of the sensor nodes. A sheer amount of energy is consumed in activities such as idle listening, excessive transmission and reception of control messages, packet collisions and retransmission of packets, and poor path selection, that may lead to more energy consumption. A combination of adaptive scheduling with an energy-efficient protocol can help select an appropriate path at a suitable time to minimize the control overhead, energy consumption, packet collision, and excessive idle listening. This paper proposes a region-based energy-efficient multipath routing (REMR) approach that divides the entire sensor network into clusters with preferably multiple candidates to represent each cluster. The cluster representatives (CRs) route packets through various clusters. For routing, the energy requirement of each route is considered, and the path with minimum energy requirements is selected. Similarly, end-to-end delay, higher throughput, and packet-delivery ratio are considered for packet routing.
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Chen, Yan. "Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Cellular Network Based on Android Platform." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 05 (May 14, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i05.7048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the progress of the times, the network has grown into the people's work and life. The limitations of the traditional wireless sensor network (WSN) have become increasingly prominent, and it is obviously unable to meet the requirements of Internet access. Therefore, the 4G mobile Android system is used as a carrier, to design an application layer gateway system for realizing wireless communication between wireless sensor networks and heterogeneous cellular networks, so as to build wireless sensor cellular network. The design and implementation of the AP module, data receiving and forwarding module, network packet loss management and retransmission of the gateway systemis the focus, and then the implemented gateway system is tested. The test results show that the design of the Android platform wireless sensor network gateway system can connect the sensor network to the cellular network, so as to realize data communication, and to ensure that the data loss rate is less than 0.1%. Through testing, it is concluded that the system can meet the actual demand
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S, Anandalatchoumy, and Sivaradje G. "Dynamic Cluster Based Routing Protocol with Sink Mobility Support for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.16 (July 26, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.16.16183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Underwater wireless sensor networks are energy resource constrained due to the scarce battery capacity. Energy efficient routing protocol is highly demanded to be developed for such networks. It is indeed a challenging task to design routing protocol that can achieve energy efficiency due to the dynamic and harsh underwater environment. A dynamic cluster based routing protocol coupled with sink mobility support (DCMMS) is proposed. Two schemes are combined together in the protocol. One is the formation of clusters and two is the mobile sink management. The cluster formation includes cluster head election process and member association process. Each cluster member sends the sensed data to the cluster head. Multiple mobile sinks are deployed to gather data directly from cluster heads. Finally, mobile sinks send the collected data after proper aggregation to the static sinks located at the surface. Thus, sink mobility and the dynamic clustering technique together help to balance the load among the nodes thereby minimizing energy consumption to a significant extent and extending the network life span. Analytical simulations are extensively carried out to attest how the proposed protocol (DCMMS) achieves better performance with minimum energy consumption, less end to end delay and higher packet delivery ratio than its counterpart existing protocol (AA-RP).
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Zhifeng Jiang and V. C. M. Leung. "An efficient wireless resource management scheme to support handoff data recovery in packet-switched cellular multicast networks." Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 29, no. 1/2 (January 2004): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cjece.2004.1425801.
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Srivastava, Deepak, Ajay Kumar, Anupama Mishra, Varsa Arya, Ammar Almomani, Ching Hsien Hsu, and Domenico Santaniello. "Performance Optimization of Multi-Hop Routing Protocols With Clustering-Based Hybrid Networking Architecture in Mobile Adhoc Cloud Networks." International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.309932.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile networks, in particular, are composed of wireless cellular communication nodes (MANET). Communication between these mobile nodes is not under centric systems. MANET is a network of randomly traveling nodes that self-configure and self-organize. Routing is a fundamental topic of MANET, and performance analysis of routing protocols is the focus of this study. AODV, DSR, and WRP are three routing protocols that are compared in this article. Glomosim will be used for simulation. The throughput, average end-to-end latency, and packet delivery ratio of various routing systems are all examined. Two scenarios depending on mobility and node density are considered in this research. As node density rises, PDR and throughput rise with it. Low node density resulted in the shortest delay. AODV has a higher packet delivery ratio and throughput in both scenarios, while WRP has the shortest delay. The authors also analyzed the average energy consumption with a best routing protocol that was decided by the result and conclude the efficiency of the ad-hoc network.
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Tilwari, Valmik, Taewon Song, and Sangheon Pack. "An Improved Routing Approach for Enhancing QoS Performance for D2D Communication in B5G Networks." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 4118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the eminent promising technologies in Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) wireless networks. It promises high data rates and ubiquitous coverage with low latency, energy, and spectral efficiency among peer-to-peer users. These advantages enable D2D communication to be fully realized in a multi-hop communication scenario. However, to ideally implement multi-hop D2D communication networks, the routing aspect should be thoroughly addressed since a multi-hop network can perform worse than a conventional mobile system if wrong routing decisions are made without proper mechanisms. Thus, routing in multi-hop networks needs to consider device mobility, battery, link quality, and fairness, which issues do not exist in orthodox cellular networking. Therefore, this paper proposed a mobility, battery, link quality, and contention window size-aware routing (MBLCR) approach to boost the overall network performance. In addition, a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method is applied to the relay devices for optimal path establishment, which provides weights according to the evaluated values of the devices. Extensive simulation results under various device speed scenarios show the advantages of the MBLCR compared to conventional algorithms in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, latency, and energy efficiency.
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Nkenyereye, Lionel, Ramavath Prasad Naik, Jong-Wook Jang, and Wan-Young Chung. "Software-Defined Small Cell-Linked Vehicular Networks: Architecture and Evaluation." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vehicle-to-everything services are in the implementation phase, and automakers agree that V2X would improve the safety-critical applications already deployed. 3GPP Release 12 introduces LTE-V for V2V and V2I services. The LTE-V is extended to C-V2X to support V2N. Because of the challenge of high mobility in the V2X system, cutting-edge technologies, such as SDN and small cell in 5G networks, pave the way to the next generation of vehicular networks. SDN is a network technology concept that divides the data and control planes. The OpenFlow protocol is used for communication between the control layer and the network layer in SDN. Different from wireless traditional cellular base stations, small cells are lower-power cell sites that are deployed every few blocks. Small cells can transmit data using mid- and high-band spectrums. Small cell-linked road side unit (RSU) is considered a key enabling technology because it has the capability to create a logical cluster platform residing at the edge of the network, which provides high computation performance. Accordingly, we consider a novel distributed software-defined small cell-linked road side unit vehicular network architecture (diSRsVN). Based on diSRsVN, logical software-defined on-board wireless vehicle, and topology discovery over diSRsVN are presented. The proposed architecture is evaluated under an omnet++ network simulator. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, which improves the packet delivery ratio and minimizes end-to-end delay.
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Alhammadi, Abdulraqeb, Mardeni Roslee, Mohamad Yusoff Alias, Ibraheem Shayea, and Abdullah Alquhali. "Velocity-Aware Handover Self-Optimization Management for Next Generation Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fifth generation (5G) network is an upcoming standard for wireless communications that coexists with the current 4G network to increase the throughput. The deployment of ultra-dense small cells (UDSC) over a macro-cell layer yields multi-tier networks, which are known as heterogeneous networks (HetNets). HetNets play a key role in the cellular network to provide services to numerous users. However, the number of handovers (HOs) and radio link failure (RLF) greatly increase due to the increase in the UDSC in the network. Therefore, mobility management becomes a very important function in a self-organizing network to improve the system performance. In this paper, we propose a velocity-based self-optimization algorithm to adjust the HO control parameters in 4G/5G networks. The proposed algorithm utilizes the user’s received power and speed to adjust the HO margin and the time to trigger during the user’s mobility in the network. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a remarkable reduction in the rate of ping-pong HOs and RLF compared with other existing algorithms, thereby outperforming such algorithms by an average of more than 70% for all HO performance metrics.
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Rath, Mamata, Bibudhendu Pati, and Binod Kumar Pattanayak. "Design and Development of Secured Framework for Efficient Routing in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 15, no. 2 (July 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2019070104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to many challenging issues in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), such as high mobility and network instability, this has led to insecurity and vulnerability to attacks. Due to dynamic network topology changes and frequent network re-configuration, security is a major target in VANET research domains. VANETs have gained significant attention in the current wireless network scenario, due to their exclusive characteristics which are different from other wireless networks such as rapid link failure and high vehicle mobility. In this are, the authors present a Secured and Safety Protocol for VANET (STVAN), as an intelligent Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)-based routing mechanism that prevents the Denial of Service attack (DoS) and improves the quality of service for secured communications in a VANET. In order to build a STVAN, the authors have considered a smart traffic environment in a smart city and introduced the concept of load balancing over VANET vehicles in a best effort manner. Simulation results reveal that the proposed STVAN accomplishes enhanced performance when compared with other similar protocols in terms of reduced delay, better packet delivery ratio, reasonable energy efficiency, increased network throughput and decreased data drop compared to other similar approach.
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Khalifeh, Ala, Kishore Rajendiran, Khalid A. Darabkh, Ahmad M. Khasawneh, Omar AlMomani, and Zinon Zinonos. "On the Potential of Fuzzy Logic for Solving the Challenges of Cooperative Multi-Robotic Wireless Sensor Networks." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wireless sensor networks have recently been widely used in several applications and scenarios, especially because they have the ability and flexibility for establishing a scalable and reliable wireless network. Cooperative multi-robotic systems (CMRS) are one example of these applications where establishing a wireless network between robots is essential and paramount to their operation. Further, these robots can utilize their mobility to provide sensing functionality for areas that are not covered by the static sensor. This can be achieved by equipping the robots with specific sensors to sense the area of interest (AoI) and report the sensed data to a remote monitoring center for further processing and decision-making. However, the nodes that form the sensor network have limited energy, and, as such, efficient algorithms in clusters’ formation, packets’ routing, and energy and mobility management are paramount. In this paper, a literature survey is presented containing the most related works that have been proposed to solve these challenges utilizing fuzzy logic. Most of the literature work attempted to utilize a de-centralized approach, where certain input parameters such as the residual energy, communication link quality, network congestion status, the nodes’ distance to the sink node and its location with respect to the other nodes, and the data and their sampling rate are all used as inputs to the fuzzy logic controller. These input parameters are used to determine several performance vital factors such as the cluster formation and its cluster head, best route to the sink node, optimal power management policies in terms of sleep/awake times needed to maximize the network lifetime, nodes’ mobility management policies to maintain network connectivity, and best route in terms of packet loss and delay.
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Phoomikiattisak, Ditchaphong, and Saleem N. Bhatti. "End-To-End Mobility for the Internet Using ILNP." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (April 16, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7464179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the use of mobile devices and methods of wireless connectivity continue to increase, seamless mobility becomes more desirable and important. The current IETF Mobile IP standard relies on additional network entities for mobility management, can have poor performance, and has seen little deployment in real networks. We present a host-based mobility solution with a true end-to-end architecture using the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP). We show how the TCP code in the Linux kernel can be extended allowing legacy TCP applications that use the standard C sockets API to operate over ILNP without requiring changes or recompilation. Our direct testbed performance comparison shows that ILNP provides better host mobility support than Mobile IPv6 in terms of session continuity, packet loss, and handoff delay for TCP.
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Agrawal, Rajeev, and Amit Sehgal. "Information Theoretic Approach with Reduced Paging Cost in Wireless Networks for Remote Healthcare Systems." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 4, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2015070101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper introduces an information theoretic approach for location management in cellular/mobile networks and allows the network to maintain the record of the mobility pattern of every user. The critical nature of remote healthcare service demands for continuous updates on the location of healthcare expert with the patient monitoring device. To reduce the paging cost, the proposed work uses the information from the system database by representing given past knowledge of the mobility pattern using Markov Chain. The expected search under the proposed work reduces number of search required in the earlier techniques. An entropy-per-location based scheme has also been introduced for comparative analysis among different models. This scheme can also be utilized as a general comparative framework for schemes to be introduced in future m-Health framework.
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Li, Cheng Lin, and Zhi Yong Jiang. "Design of Urban Vehicle Dynamic and Real-Time Navigation System Based on WSNs, GPS, and GPRS Techniques." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 3291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.3291.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the traffic congestion is a significant problem encountered in urban development, which should be resolved depending primarily on the management and deployment under the circumstance that road construction isn't able to keep the pace of automobile growth. WSNs (Wireless sensor networks), made up of numerous sensor nodes, form a multi-hop and self-organizing cellular system by wireless communication, which can realize real-time monitoring and collecting environmental information by cooperation. In this paper, a design of real-time and dynamic city vehicle navigation system is presented based on WSNs, GPS(Global Positioning System), and GPRS(General Packet Radio Service) techniques..
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Benaatou, Wafa, Adnane Latif, and Vicent Pla. "Predictive Algorithm for Handover Decisions between LTE and LTE-A Networks." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n4.370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A heterogeneous wireless network needs to maintain seamless mobility and service continuity; for this reason, we have proposed an approach based on the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to forecast a handover during a movement of a mobile terminal from a serving base station to target base station. Additionally, the handover decision is made by considering several parameters, such as peak data rate, latency, packet loss, and power consumption, to select the best network for handover from an LTE to an LTE-A network. The performance efficiency of the new hybrid approach is determined by computing different statistical parameters, such as root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and error standard deviation (StD). The execution of the proposed approach has been performed using MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the hybrid PSO-ANFIS model has better performance than other approaches in terms of prediction accuracy and reduction of handover latency and the power consumption in the network.
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Alotaibi, Modhawi, Ahmed Helmy, and Amiya Nayak. "Modeling Handover Signaling Messages in OpenFlow-Based Mobile Software-Defined Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2018 (December 18, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1543531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm has become essential in tackling several issues and challenges in conventional networking, especially in mobile/cellular networks. In order to realize the benefits brought by SDN to mobility management, we study the effects of SDN in conjunction with OpenFlow protocol on the handover procedure. However, in this new setting, the handover still suffers from delay due to the exchange of OpenFlow signaling messages. In this paper, we focus on SDN in mobile networks and quantify the delays of handover-related OpenFlow messages in order to identify the performance measures as well as the underlying challenges. For our analysis, we provide an analytical model, using which we modeled two handover-related OpenFlow messages in such networks. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has modeled OpenFlow messages other than Packet-in messages. In this paper, in addition to the Packet-in message, we model Port-status messages. Following our analysis, we propose a novel solution to make handover more efficient and less interruptive. Furthermore, we study our solution in an LTE architecture and compare it to an existing solution. We show that, in normal traffic conditions, our solution can decrease the handover delay as much as 20%.
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Mahmood, Adnan, Hushairi Zen, and Al-Khalid Othman. "An optimized travelling time estimation mechanism for minimizing handover failures and unnecessary handovers from cellular networks to WLANs." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 11, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-06-2014-0034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The paper aims to propose an optimized handover necessity estimation scheme for a mobile terminal (MT) traversing from a third-generation (3G) cellular network into the wireless local area network (WLAN) cell for reducing the number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed optimized handover necessity estimation scheme comprises of two algorithms – a “travelling time prediction” reliant on consecutive received signal strength (RSS) measurements and MT’s velocity, and a “time threshold estimation” depending on the handover latency, WLAN’s cell radius, tolerable handover failure probability and the tolerable unnecessary handover probability. Findings – Our performance analysis reveals that the suggested mechanism effectively minimizes the number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers by 60 per cent as compared to the already proposed schemes in the literature. Originality/value – The convergence of Internet and wireless mobile communication accompanied by a massive increase in the number of cellular subscribers has led mobility management to emerge as a significant and challenging domain for wireless mobile communication over the Internet. Mobility management enables serving networks to locate roaming terminals for the call delivery (location management) and ensures a seamless connection as MT enters into the new service area (handover management). In this manuscript, an optimized handover necessity estimation scheme has been envisaged for reducing the probability of handover failures and unnecessary handovers from 3G cellular networks to WLANs to provide optimal network utilization along with an enhanced user satisfaction. Performance analysis reveals that the suggested scheme yields enhanced results as compared to the schemes already proposed in the literature.
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Islam, Nazrul, Md Habibur Rahman, and Mostofa Kamal Nasir. "A Comprehensive Analysis of QoS in Wired and Wireless SDN Based on Mobile IP." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 13, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2021.05.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is the new network paradigm whose primary focus is to create a dynamic, scalable and flexible network. It provides programmable functions for implementation of network configuration management. The demand for wireless network functionality is rising simultaneously. Mobility management for a large network is an issue in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). There are also a number of solutions to support mobility within the network. The Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) is used for managing mobility. Furthermore, for the SDN platform, mobility adds roaming capability for mobile nodes in the software-defined wireless network (SDWN). In the wired scenario, SDN has different capabilities to deliver network services according to the fixed node. This study provides a quality of service (QoS) analysis in both SDN and SDWN. Mininet WiFi and RYU network emulator as a controller is used to implement the mobility API. The random walk model is applied as mobility functionality toward the final nodes. Moreover, several QoS measurement matrices are analyzed according to the network topology. At the end, round trip time (RTT), cumulative distributed function (CDF), packet loss and throughput are analyzed for quality of service comparable in the SDN and SDWN scenarios according to the MIP.
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Madaan, Jyoti, and Indu Kashyap. "A Novel Handoff Necessity Estimation Approach Based on Travelling Distance." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v7.i2.pp105-116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><em>Mobility management is one of the most important challenges in Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) as it enables users to move across geographic boundaries of wireless networks. Nowadays, mobile communications have heterogeneous wireless networks offering variable coverage and Quality of Service (QoS). The availability of alternatives generates a problem of occurrence of unnecessary handoff that results in wastage of network resources. To avoid this, an efficient algorithm needs to be developed to minimize the unnecessary handoffs. Conventionally, whenever Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) connectivity is available, the mobile node switch from cellular network to wireless local area network to gain maximum use of high bandwidth and low cost of wireless local area network as much as possible. But to maintain call quality and minimum number of call failure, a considerable proportion of these handovers should be determined. Our algorithm makes the handoff to wireless local area network only when the Predicted Received Signal Strength (PRSS) falls below a threshold value and travelling distance inside the wireless local area network is larger than a threshold distance.Through MATLAB simulation, we show that our algorithm is able to improve handover performance.<strong> </strong></em></p>
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Vimala, K., and Dr D. Maruthanayagam. "Comparative Analysis of Routing Algorithms to Enhance the Quality of Service in MANET." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.a6949.0511122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile Ad hoc Network is a self-organizing, infrastructure-free, distributed wireless networks made up of various mobile devices. Quality-of-Service routing is most difficult task in MANET due to inherent characteristics–for example frequent dynamic topology, node mobility, resource scarcity, absence of centralized control, etc as well. The QoS variables of any MANET routing algorithms determine its performance. QoS routing is process of routing packets from source (S) to destination (D) based on QoS resource constraints such as bandwidth, delay, packet loss rate, cost, security, link stability, and so on. Swarm intelligence, which mimics the collective behaviour of biological organisms to handle routing problems and improve QoS in the network, has been one of most popular studies for network routing in recent years. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) have all been shown to be effective for developing routing algorithms by improving QoS metrics in ad hoc networks using Swarm Intelligence (SI). The primary objective of this comparative study paper is to improve QoS parameters by applying swarm intelligence to MANET routing algorithms. Swarm intelligence-based routing algorithms will be more promising for the specific nature of adhoc networks, outperforming in real scenarios/constraints/environmental conditions and will be tuned and simulated to obtain an efficient and effective MANET routing protocol. This paper investigates four potential pre-existing approaches proposed for MANET routing problems. These routing algorithms are evaluated using various performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, link failure prevention, energy consumption, accuracy, and throughput, among others.
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Forte, Andrea G., Wei Wang, Luca Veltri, and Gianluigi Ferrari. "A Next-Generation Core Network Architecture for Mobile Networks." Future Internet 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11070152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the years, the cellular mobile network has evolved from a wireless plain telephone system to a very complex system providing telephone service, Internet connectivity and many interworking capabilities with other networks. Its air interface performance has increased drastically over time, leading to high throughput and low latency. Changes to the core network, however, have been slow and incremental, with increased complexity worsened by the necessity of backwards-compatibility with older-generation systems such as the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). In this paper, a new virtualized Peer-to-Peer (P2P) core network architecture is presented. The key idea of our approach is that each user is assigned a private virtualized copy of the whole core network. This enables a higher degree of security and novel services that are not possible in today’s architecture. We describe the new architecture, focusing on its main elements, IP addressing, message flows, mobility management, and scalability. Furthermore, we will show some significant advantages this new architecture introduces. Finally, we investigate the performance of our architecture by analyzing voice-call traffic available in a database of a large U.S. cellular network provider.
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Pratama, Yukos, and Heri Suroyo. "OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS NETWORK PERFORMANCE USING THE HIERARCHICAL TOKEN BUCKET (CASE STUDY: MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PALEMBANG)." Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 1, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/isi.v1i1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Computer networks have penetrated into various fields including education for the learning process which is used as a medium for delivering scientific concepts to be more attractive and easily accepted. The Muhammadiyah University of Palembang currently has very high mobility, both used for browsing information, downloading data and using other facilities. For the need for bandwidth management to manage each passing data so that the distribution of bandwidth becomes evenly distributed by using the queue tree method that is applied to the proxy. To evaluate internet bandwidth analyze QoS (Quality of Service) using typhoid standardization in terms of measurement of throughput, delay, and packet loss. The results of this study show that the quality of the network with the hierarchical token bucket method is more optimal, this is because the bandwidth will be divided according to the rules applied to bandwidth management and does not cause clients to fight over bandwidth
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Pratama, Yukos, and Heri Suroyo. "OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS NETWORK PERFORMANCE USING THE HIERARCHICAL TOKEN BUCKET (CASE STUDY: MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PALEMBANG)." Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 1, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/journal-isi.v1i1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Computer networks have penetrated into various fields including education for the learning process which is used as a medium for delivering scientific concepts to be more attractive and easily accepted. The Muhammadiyah University of Palembang currently has very high mobility, both used for browsing information, downloading data and using other facilities. For the need for bandwidth management to manage each passing data so that the distribution of bandwidth becomes evenly distributed by using the queue tree method that is applied to the proxy. To evaluate internet bandwidth analyze QoS (Quality of Service) using typhoid standardization in terms of measurement of throughput, delay, and packet loss. The results of this study show that the quality of the network with the hierarchical token bucket method is more optimal, this is because the bandwidth will be divided according to the rules applied to bandwidth management and does not cause clients to fight over bandwidth
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Pratama, Yukos, Usman Ependi, and Heri Suroyo. "OPTIMIZATION OF WIRELESS NETWORK PERFORMANCE USING THE HIERARCHICAL TOKEN BUCKET (CASE STUDY: MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PALEMBANG)." Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 1, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/journalisi.v1i1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Computer networks have penetrated into various fields including education for the learning process which is used as a medium for delivering scientific concepts to be more attractive and easily accepted. The Muhammadiyah University of Palembang currently has very high mobility, both used for browsing information, downloading data and using other facilities. For the need for bandwidth management to manage each passing data so that the distribution of bandwidth becomes evenly distributed by using the queue tree method that is applied to the proxy. To evaluate internet bandwidth analyze QoS (Quality of Service) using typhoid standardization in terms of measurement of throughput, delay, and packet loss. The results of this study show that the quality of the network with the hierarchical token bucket method is more optimal, this is because the bandwidth will be divided according to the rules applied to bandwidth management and does not cause clients to fight over bandwidth
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Gopi, B., J. Logeshwaran, and T. Kiruthiga. "An Innovation in the Development of a Mobile Radio Model for a Dual-Band Transceiver in Wireless Cellular Communication." BOHR International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Communication Network 1, no. 1 (2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcicn.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A modern telephone can only be used if it is a dual-band transceiver. Also, an indispensable condition is the availability of Internet access. Modern cell phones can only be used for their intended purpose: making calls. Due to the fact that the operating system is preinstalled on devices, the list of possibilities for gadgets could be expanded almost indefinitely. So you can even do a full-fledged dual-band transceiver from a cell phone. In this paper, an innovation in the development of mobile radio models dual-band transceivers in wireless cellular communication is proposed. For the dual-band transceiver in the phone to work, you need an Internet connection. Progress in the development of technologies for mobile networks does not stand still, and with each new standard and technology for mobile networks, new opportunities for using the network open up for end subscribers. It is based on packet voice data transmission called push-to-talk.
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Gaamel, Awadh Moqbel, Barakat Pravin Maratha, Tarek Rahil Sheltami, and Elhadi M. Shakshuki. "Fault-Tolerance Evaluation of VANET Under Different Data Dissemination Models." International Journal of Vehicular Telematics and Infotainment Systems 1, no. 1 (January 2017): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvtis.2017010104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form temporary networks over infrastructure-less environments. Over the last few years, Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) technology has been considered as an active research area. VANET is a sub class of MANET with some unique characteristics such as fast vehicle speed, frequent topology changes and restricted mobility on roads. The communication between vehicles provides a new avenue for different types of applications such as safety, traffic management, entertainment, etc. These applications are categorized based on how data is transmitted from source to destination. The performance of such applications does not only depend on routing protocols, but also on the data dissemination mechanism. Data dissemination in VANETs is a significant factor, which can be accomplished using four different models: Dynamic Source Dynamic Destination (DSDD), Dynamic Source Static Destination (DSSD), Static Source Dynamic Destination (SSDD), and Static Source Static Destination (SSSD). Each one of these models is suitable for specific types of applications. In this paper, the authors study and evaluate the fault-tolerance of VANET under different data dissemination techniques in terms of throughput, average End-to-End delay, and percentage of packet loss. the authors used NCTUns 6.0 network simulator and IEEE 802.11p wireless communication standard. Their findings show that DSDV is more fault-tolerant than both DSR and AODV in terms of packet loss percentage for all dissemination techniques. However, AODV shows better performance in average End-to-End delay and throughput under DSDD and SSDD techniques.
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JAIN, AABHA, and SANJIV TOKEKAR. "Application Specific Performance Evaluation of Vertical Handoff in UMTS-WLAN Network." Journal of Interconnection Networks 18, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265918500135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The next generation of wireless system is expected to provide multimedia, multi class services any time anywhere with seamless mobility and Quality of Service (QoS). In such environment, vertical handoff management plays an important and challenging role. Some of the main functions of vertical handoff management are: to implement appropriate vertical handoff decision to minimize number of unnecessary handoff, to maintain minimum vertical handoff latency for seamless mobility and to provide guaranteed acceptable QoS required for user satisfaction. Thus, in this paper to avoid unnecessary handoff in integrated heterogeneous network we have proposed that the vertical handoff decision depends on coverage area of the network and the speed of the Mobile Node. Application specific cut-off speed for particular coverage range of network during which handoff is beneficial has been determined. Real time applications like HDTV, MPEG-4, and H.261 are considered in integrated heterogeneous network of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and WLAN. Vertical handoff latency is analyzed for varied network traffic load, types of application and varied speed of Mobile Node. Effect of Mobile Node speed on packet loss is also analyzed. Finally, to satisfy user with acceptable end to end QoS, especially in the presence of heterogeneous integrated networks where every network has individual QoS, an end to end QoS mapping scheme between UMTS and WLAN integrated network has been proposed. The simulation is performed using Network Simulator NS-2 with NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) add on module.