Статті в журналах: "CdO Doped Nanocomposite Electrolytes"

1

Karmakar, A., and A. Ghosh. "Ac conductivity and relaxation in CdO doped poly ethylene oxide-LiI nanocomposite electrolyte." Journal of Applied Physics 110, no. 3 (August 2011): 034101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3610503.

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2

Joyce Stella, R., G. Thirumala Rao, B. Babu, V. Pushpa Manjari, Ch Venkata Reddy, Jaesool Shim, and R. V. S. S. N. Ravikumar. "A facile synthesis and spectral characterization of Cu2+ doped CdO/ZnS nanocomposite." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 384 (June 2015): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.02.010.

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3

Rafique, Asia, Rizwan Raza, Nadeem Akram, M. Kaleem Ullah, Amjad Ali, Muneeb Irshad, Khurram Siraj, M. Ajmal Khan, Bin Zhu, and Richard Dawson. "Significance enhancement in the conductivity of core shell nanocomposite electrolytes." RSC Advances 5, no. 105 (2015): 86322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16763a.

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4

Raza, Rizwan, Xiaodi Wang, Ying Ma, and Bin Zhu. "Study on calcium and samarium co-doped ceria based nanocomposite electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 195, no. 19 (October 2010): 6491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.031.

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5

Kundu, Ranadip, Debasish Roy, and Sanjib Bhattacharya. "Microstructure, electrical conductivity and modulus spectra of CdI2 doped nanocomposite-electrolytes." Physica B: Condensed Matter 507 (February 2017): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2016.11.036.

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6

Jaiswal, Nandini, Shail Upadhyay, Devendra Kumar, and Om Parkash. "Ionic conduction in Mg2+ and Sr2+ co-doped ceria/carbonates nanocomposite electrolytes." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, no. 8 (March 2015): 3313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.002.

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7

Ram, Rakesh, and Sanjib Bhattacharya. "Mixed ionic-electronic transport in Na₂O doped glassy electrolytes: Promising candidate for new generation sodium ion battery electrolytes." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 14 (April 14, 2023): 145101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0145894.

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In the present communication, newly developed glassy electrolytes, Na2O–ZnO–CdO, have been considered to discuss their electrical transport behavior at ambient temperature. The AC conductivity and relaxation behavior of them have been studied in the light of Almond-West formalism. The electrical conductivity (mixed conduction) is found to be a function of frequency as well as temperature. In the low-frequency range, it shows a flat conductivity owing to the diffusional motion of Na+ ions, whereas at high frequency, the conductivity shows dispersion. The DC conductivity [Formula: see text] and hopping frequency have been computed from the best fitted plots of experimental data. The AC conductivity at different concentrations and a constant temperature has been reported. The variation in the conductivity data with reciprocal temperatures indicates the dynamical behavior of charge carriers via hopping conduction in sodium oxide glassy systems. Mixed conduction in the present system may be dominated by polaron hopping in the samples with a lower Na2O content with a percolation type of motion of the electron/polaron. On the other hand, three-dimensional Na+ motion is the dominating charge carrier for the samples with a higher Na2O content. A negligible small difference in pathways in the I–V characteristics in both the directions should make the present system a promising candidate for the new generation battery electrolyte.

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8

Agrawal, S. L., and Neelesh Rai. "DMA and Conductivity Studies in PVA:NH4SCN:DMSO:MWNT Nanocomposite Polymer Dried Gel Electrolytes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/435625.

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This paper deals with findings on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and ion-conduction behavior of MWNTs (multiwall carbon nanotubes) doped PVA:NH4SCN:DMSO dried gel electrolyte system prepared for four filler concentrations (2, 4, 6 & 8 wt%) by solution cast technique. XRD measurements reveal enhancement in amorphous behavior of composite gel electrolyte upon incorporation of filler particles. Better mechanical stability is noticed in the composite system upon dispersal of MWNT along with presence of dynamicTgduring DMA measurements. Enhancement in ionic conductivity has been noticed with an optimum value of 4.5 × 10−3 Scm−1for 6 wt% MWNTs filled composite electrolyte. Composite system exhibits combination of Arrhenius and Vogel-Tammam-Fulcher (VTF) behavior in temperature dependent conductivity study. The a.c. conductivity response seems to follow universal power law.

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9

Suchikova, Yana, Sergii Kovachov, Ihor Bohdanov, Elena Popova, Aleksandra Moskina, and Anatoli Popov. "Characterization of CdxTeyOz/CdS/ZnO Heterostructures Synthesized by the SILAR Method." Coatings 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030639.

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CdxTeyOz/CdS/ZnO heterostructures were obtained by the SILAR method using ionic electrolytes. A CdS film was formed as a buffer layer for better adhesion of the cadmium-tellurium oxides to the substrate surface. In turn, the ZnO substrate was previously prepared by electrochemical etching to form a rough textured surface. In addition, an annealing mode was used in an oxygen stream to complete the oxidation process of the heterostructure surface. The resulting nanocomposite was investigated using RAMAN, XRD, SEM, and EDX methods. We assume that the oxides CdO and TeO4 initially form on the surface and later evolve into TeO2 and TeO3 when saturated with oxygen. These oxides, in turn, are the components of the ternary oxides CdTeO3 and CdTe3O8. It should be noted that this mechanism has not been fully studied and requires further research. However, the results presented in this article make it possible to systematize the data and experimental observations regarding the formation of cadmium-tellurium films.

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10

Yang, Ben, Yin She, Changgeng Zhang, Shuai Kang, Jin Zhou, and Wei Hu. "Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO2/TiN/Ti3C2Tx Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020345.

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Layered two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), as an outstanding MXene member, has captured increasing attention in supercapacitor applications due to its excellent chemical and physical properties. However, the low gravimetric capacitance of Ti3C2Tx restricts its rapid development in such applications. Herein, this work demonstrates an effective and facile hydrothermal approach to synthesize nitrogen doped intercalation TiO2/TiN/Ti3C2Tx with greatly improved gravimetric capacitance and excellent cycling stability. The hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4) in hydrothermal environment acted as the nitrogen source and intercalants, while the Ti3C2Tx itself was the titanium source of TiO2 and TiN. We tested the optimized nitrogen doped intercalation TiO2/TiN/Ti3C2Tx electrodes in H2SO4, Li2SO4, Na2SO4, LiOH and KOH electrolytes, respectively. The electrode in H2SO4 electrolyte delivered the best electrochemical performance with high gravimetric capacitance of 361 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability of 85.8% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. A systematic study of material characterization combined with the electrochemical performances disclosed that TiO2/TiN nanoparticles, the introduction of nitrogen and the NH4+ intercalation efficaciously increased the specific surface areas, which is beneficial for facilitating electrolyte ions transportation. Given the excellent performance, nitrogen doped intercalation TiO2/TiN/Ti3C2Tx bodes well as a promising pseudocapacitor electrode for energy storage applications.

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11

Alvi, Farah, Punya A. Basnayaka, Manoj K. Ram, Humberto Gomez, Elias Stefanako, Yogi Goswami, and Ashok Kumar. "Graphene-Polythiophene Nanocomposite as Novel Supercapacitor Electrode Material." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 15, no. 2 (December 22, 2011): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v15i2.76.

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The graphene (G)-polythiophene (PTh) nanocomposite was synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization technique and characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray-diffraction (XRD), Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The electrochemical properties of G-PTh nanocomposite supercapacitor electrodes were investigated in different electrolytes solutions and a specific discharge capacitance of 154 F/g was estimated from different charge/discharge current cycles. Our proposed research is transformative as the G-conducting polymer based electrode material with unique and excellent properties, such as, high conductivity, wider tunable potential window, high stability of the electrode material in doped form, faster charge transfer rate, and short charging times, that allows the fabrication of high performance supercapacitors for practical applications.

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12

Sharif, Farbod, and Edward P. L. Roberts. "Electrochemical Oxidation of an Organic Dye Adsorbed on Tin Oxide and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Graphene Composites." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020263.

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Electrochemical regeneration suffers from low regeneration efficiency due to side reactions like oxygen evolution, as well as oxidation of the adsorbent. In this study, electrically conducting nanocomposites, including graphene/SnO2 (G/SnO2) and graphene/Sb-SnO2 (G/Sb-SnO2) were successfully synthesized and characterized using nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Thereafter, the adsorption and electrochemical regeneration performance of the nanocomposites were tested using methylene blue as a model contaminant. Compared to bare graphene, the adsorption capacity of the new composites was ≥40% higher, with similar isotherm behavior. The adsorption capacity of G/SnO2 and G/Sb-SnO2 were effectively regenerated in both NaCl and Na2SO4 electrolytes, requiring as little charge as 21 C mg−1 of adsorbate for complete regeneration, compared to >35 C mg−1 for bare graphene. Consecutive loading and anodic electrochemical regeneration cycles of the nanocomposites were carried out in both NaCl and Na2SO4 electrolytes without loss of the nanocomposite, attaining high regeneration efficiencies (ca. 100%).

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13

Bhattacharya, S., and A. Ghosh. "Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Structure and Ionic Relaxation of Poly(ethylene oxide)-LiI Polymer Electrolyte Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18257.

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The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the structure and ionic relaxation of LiI salt doped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer electrolytes has been investigated. X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy show that ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in the PEO-LiI polymer electrolyte reduce the crystallinity of PEO and increase relative smoothness of the surface morphology of the nanocomposite electrolyte. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites is found to increase due to incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles. We have shown that the structural modification due to insertion of ZnO nanoparticles results in the enhancement of the mobility i.e., the hopping rate of mobile Li+ ions and hence the ionic conductivity of PEO-LiI-ZnO nanocomposite electrolyte.

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14

Mendoza Villa, Ana Lucia, Jose Alonso Diaz-Guillen, Antonio Fernández-Fuentes, and Karinjilottu Padmadas Padmasree. "Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Ca2+ and Y3+ Co-Doped Ceria-Na2CO3 Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Low Temperature SOFCs." ECS Transactions 94, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/09401.0063ecst.

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15

Caliman, Willian Robert, Franciani Cassia Sentanin, Rodrigo Cesar Sabadini, Jose Pedro Donoso, Claudio Jose Magon, and Agnieszka Pawlicka. "Improved Conductivity in Gellan Gum and Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Electrolytes." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 8721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248721.

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Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were obtained using gellan gum (GG) and 1 to 40 wt.% of montmorillonite (Na+SYN-1) clay. The NPEs were crosslinked with formaldehyde, plasticized with glycerol, and contained LiClO4. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), UV-vis transmittance and reflectance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR). The NPEs of GG and 40 wt.% LiClO4 showed the highest conductivity of 2.14 × 10−6 and 3.10 × 10−4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. The samples with 10 wt.% Na+SYN-1 had a conductivity of 1.86 × 10−5 and 3.74 × 10−4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. TGA analyses revealed that the samples are thermally stable up to 190 °C and this did not change with clay addition. The transparency of the samples decreased with the increase in the clay content and at the same time their reflectance increased. Finally, CW-EPR was performed to identify the coordination environment of Cu2+ ions in the GG NPEs. The samples doped with the lowest copper concentration exhibit the typical EPR spectra due to isolated Cu2+ ions in axially distorted sites. At high concentrations, the spectra become isotropic because of dipolar and exchange magnetic effects. In summary, GG/clay NPEs presented good ionic conductivity results, which qualifies them for electrochemical device applications.

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16

Fatema, Kamrun Nahar, Chang-Sung Lim, Yin Liu, Kwang-Youn Cho, Chong-Hun Jung, and Won-Chun Oh. "3D Modeling of Silver Doped ZrO2 Coupled Graphene-Based Mesoporous Silica Quaternary Nanocomposite for a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing Effects." Nanomaterials 12, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12020193.

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We described the novel nanocomposite of silver doped ZrO2 combined graphene-based mesoporous silica (ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2,) in bases of low-cost and self-assembly strategy. Synthesized ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 as an enzyme-free glucose sensor active material toward coordinate electro-oxidation of glucose was considered through cyclic voltammetry in significant electrolytes, such as phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH 7.4 and commercial urine. Utilizing ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2, glucose detecting may well be finished with effective electrocatalytic performance toward organically important concentrations with the current reaction of 9.0 × 10−3 mAcm−2 and 0.05 mmol/L at the lowest potential of +0.2 V, thus fulfilling the elemental prerequisites for glucose detecting within the urine. Likewise, the ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 electrode can be worked for glucose detecting within the interferometer substances (e.g., ascorbic corrosive, lactose, fructose, and starch) in urine at proper pH conditions. Our results highlight the potential usages for qualitative and quantitative electrochemical investigation of glucose through the ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 sensor for glucose detecting within the urine concentration.

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17

Anelli, Simone, Luis Moreno-Sanabria, Federico Baiutti, Marc Torrell, and Albert Tarancón. "Solid Oxide Cell Electrode Nanocomposites Fabricated by Inkjet Printing Infiltration of Ceria Scaffolds." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123435.

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The enhancement of solid oxide cell (SOC) oxygen electrode performance through the generation of nanocomposite electrodes via infiltration using wet-chemistry processes has been widely studied in recent years. An efficient oxygen electrode consists of a porous backbone and an active catalyst, which should provide ionic conductivity, high catalytic activity and electronic conductivity. Inkjet printing is a versatile additive manufacturing technique, which can be used for reliable and homogeneous functionalization of SOC electrodes via infiltration for either small- or large-area devices. In this study, we implemented the utilization of an inkjet printer for the automatic functionalization of different gadolinium-doped ceria scaffolds, via infiltration with ethanol:water-based La1−xSrxCo1−yFeyO3−δ (LSCF) ink. Scaffolds based on commercial and mesoporous Gd-doped ceria (CGO) powders were used to demonstrate the versatility of inkjet printing as an infiltration technique. Using yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) commercial electrolytes, symmetrical LSCF/LSCF–CGO/YSZ/LSCF–CGO/LSCF cells were fabricated via infiltration and characterized by SEM-EDX, XRD and EIS. Microstructural analysis demonstrated the feasibility and reproducibility of the process. Electrochemical characterization lead to an ASR value of ≈1.2 Ω cm2 at 750 °C, in the case of nanosized rare earth-doped ceria scaffolds, with the electrode contributing ≈0.18 Ω cm2. These results demonstrate the feasibility of inkjet printing as an infiltration technique for SOC fabrication.

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18

Al-Attar, Abeer Farouk Abbas. "Effect of Mechanical Alloying on Structural and Electrical Properties of (P₂O₅)_(x)-(Y₂O₃)_(0.03)-(ZrO₂)_(0.97) Electrolyte." Key Engineering Materials 900 (September 20, 2021): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.900.155.

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Pentavalent phosphorous oxide doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (P2O5)X-(Y2O3)0.03-(ZrO2)0.97 with x=0.06 mol.% was achieved via an economical technique using mechanical alloying (MA) technique. Three types of nanocomposite powders of electrolyte were produced by high-energy ball milling with different milling times. The phases of synthesized electrolyte powders and sintered electrolytes were illustrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle sizes of powders indicated around (360, 245, and 48) nm at milling duration (1, 10, and 45) hrs, respectively. The XRD analysis results of 1 h MA electrolyte powder obtained tetragonal ZrO2, while the 45 h MA electrolyte manifested a minority phase of monoclinic ZrO2. Then, the XRD of the sintered electrolyte with the optimum electrical properties appeared two phases. The major phase of the tetragonal zirconium yttrium oxide and a minor phase was a monoclinic zirconium oxide. The average grain sizes of the three types of the sintered manufacturing electrolytes were (7.638, 2.642, and 1.245 µm) after the mechanical alloying duration of (1, 10, and 45) hrs, respectively and sintered at 1873 °K. The DC conductivity (σ) studied corresponded to the influence of milling times on the microstructure for each sintered electrolyte. From the results, the synthesized sintered electrolyte with a long MA duration gave a maximum DC (σ) 1.03E-1S.m. And, the DC conductivity (σ) was 1.11E-02 of electrolyte produced with 10 hr mechanical alloying. Otherwise, the lower DC conductivity got with the electrolyte prepared in the lowest milling duration was 8.9 E-2 S.m.

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19

Singh, C. P., P. K. Shukla, and S. L. Agrawal. "Role of Multiferroic Filler on the AC Response of Bi 1‐ x Ba x FeO 3 doped PVA:NH 4 CH 3 COO Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolytes." Macromolecular Symposia 388, no. 1 (December 2019): 1900032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201900032.

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20

Venugopal, R., K. Sudhakar, N. Narsimlu, and CH Srinivas. "Structural, Optical, Electrical and Discharge Characteristics of PVA-ZnS Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte−Zn2+ Ion Conduction for Solid State Battery Applications." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 7 (2023): 1707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27952.

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based Zn2+ ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte was prepared using a solution-cast method. Measurements were taken utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR) to investigate the structure. The optical absorption spectra were investigated in the 200-800 nm range in order to acquire information about the optical properties of the material. This data comprised the direct energy gap, indirect energy gap and optical absorption edge of the material. The direct optical energy gap for pure PVA lies at 6.08 eV, while PVA doped with zinc sulphide ranges from 5.28 to 5.68 eV for the different compositions. It was evident that the energy gaps and band edge values transferred to lower energies on doping with ZnS up to a dopant concentration of 92 wt.% of PVA and 8 wt.% of ZnS. For this study, the ionic conductivity and transference number of PVA polymer electrolytes were measured in order to know more about the conductivity order and charge transport in these materials. The charge transport in PVA polymer electrolyte was measured to be largely due to ions (tion = 0.97), as indicated by the transference number. Increasing the ZnS concentration and the temperature were both found to raise the ionic conductivity. The discharge properties of solid-state battery cells made with this PVA polymer electrolyte were studied while operating under a constant load of 100 kW.

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21

Kumar, Niraj, Viresh Kumar, and H. S. Panda. "Enhanced tortuosity for electrolytes in microwave irradiated self-organized carbon-doped Ni/Co hydroxide nanocomposite electrodes with higher Ni/Co atomic ratio and rate capability for an asymmetric supercapacitor." Nanotechnology 28, no. 44 (October 4, 2017): 445405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa854f.

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22

Pinchart, Camille, Jean-Marc Zanotti, Quentin Berrod, Patrick Judeinstein, Raphael Ramos, and Nino Modesto. "Lithium Metal Polymer Batteries: Towards Operation at Ambient Temperature." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024426mtgabs.

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A canonical electrolyte for lithium metal polymer batteries is PEO (Polyethylene Oxide) doped with lithium salts1. Its ionic conductivity is closely related to the local dynamics (Å, ps) of the polymer chains acting as a solid solvent. For good conductive performances, these batteries must be maintained above the melting point of the bulk PEO (TM =60°C). In order to lower this operating temperature, we propose to use one-dimensional nanoscale confinement to downshift the melting point of the confined electrolyte according to ΔTM ≈ 1/d where d is the pore diameter (Gibbs-Thomson effect)². Porous polymer composite membranes based on vertically aligned Carbon NanoTubes (VA-CNTs)3 ,4 seem to be able to meet this ambitious target. The pores are cylindrical (diameter 4nm, length 100µm) and have the particularity of being all macroscopically oriented and parallel. The effect we are seeking is driven by the curvature of the confining pore. It is then critical to ensure that only the interior of the CNTs is the permeable part of the membrane. We have followed by neutron imaging the time dependence of the penetration of the electrolyte within the membrane. We evidence a critical feature we target: only the interior of the CNTs are the permeable moieties of the membrane. As for the PEO dynamics under confinement, the electrolyte’s multiscale transport properties and ionic conductivity are characterized by PFG-NMR at the micrometer scale and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) at the macroscopic scale. We report a conductivity gain of one order of magnitude under VA-CNT confinement. Nevertheless, on a multitude of non-connected CNT pores, conductivity fluctuations are not in phase: by such classical spectroscopic techniques, only an averaged conductivity is measured. To complement the spectroscopic approach, we also probe the system by the Voltage Clamp (also called Single Pore) technique. The analysis of the conductivity noise going through a single CNT pore can indeed reveal whether the conductivity under confinement5 is due to an anomalous mobility and/or charge fluctuations. (1) Xue, Z. et al., Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-Based Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3 (38), 19218–19253. (2) Alba-Simionesco, C. et al., M. Effects of Confinement on Freezing and Melting. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2006, 18 (6), R15–R68. (3) Berrod, Q. et al., Enhanced Ionic Liquid Mobility Induced by Confinement in 1D CNT Membranes. Nanoscale 2016, 8 (15), 7845–7848. (4) Zanotti, J.-M. et al., Nanocomposite membranes for electrochemical devices. Patent WO2016151142 A1.(2016) (5) Tasserit, C. et al., Pink Noise of Ionic Conductance through Single Artificial Nanopores Revisited. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105 (26), 260602. Figure 1

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23

Rehman, Zohaib Ur, Ghazanfar Abbas, M. Ashfaq Ahmad, Rizwan Raza, M. Ajmal Khan, Rida Batool, Faizah Altaf, Rohama Gill, and Fida Hussain. "Ternary Alkali Carbonates Effect on Electrochemical Characterization of Nanocomposite Calcium-Doped Ceria Electrolytes (LNK-CDC) for SOFC." Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 17, no. 1 (December 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4043490.

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Abstract The entire world is facing a great shortfall in the energy supply due to the high consumption rate of fossil fuel-based energy resources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the best alternative energy devices, which convert hydrogen fuel directly into electricity. Alkali carbonated calcium-doped ceria electrolytes (LNK-CDC) as (Ce0.8 Ca0.2), (Ce0.7 Ca0.3), and (Ce0.6 Ca0.4) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. With the addition of alkali carbonate, nanocomposites of ceria are well preserved after sintering at 600–700 °C. The structural and morphological properties were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Crystallite sizes were found in the range of 50–80 nm. The maximum ionic conductivity of LNK-CDC (Ce0.8Ca0.2) was achieved to be 0.14 S/cm at 650 °C for anion vacancy migration by the dense microstructure. The minimum activation energy was determined to be 0.23 eV. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the prepared materials show the absorbance of IR and their behavior. The maximum power density of symmetric fuel cells LNK-CDC sandwiched with LNCZ oxide electrodes was recorded as 0.52 W cm−2 at 650 °C in the presence of hydrogen (fuel). It is suggested that coating of the equal molar ratio of ternary alkali metals on ceria doped comparatively enhance the performance of new nanocomposite electrolyte for SOFC and other energy applications.

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24

Abbas, Ghazanfar, Rizwan Raza, M. Ashraf Chaudhry, and Bin Zhu. "Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite Calcium Doped Ceria Electrolyte With Alkali Carbonates (NK-CDC) for SOFC." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003635.

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The entire world’s challenge is to find out the renewable energy sources due to rapid depletion of fossil fuels because of their high consumption. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are believed to be the best alternative source, which converts chemical energy into electricity without combustion. Nanostructure study is required to develop highly ionic conductive electrolytes for SOFCs. In this work, the calcium doped ceria (Ce0.8Ca0.2O1.9) coated with 20% molar ratio of two alkali carbonates (CDC-M: MCO3, where M=Na and K) electrolyte was prepared by coprecipitation method. Ni based electrode was used to fabricate the cell by dry pressing technique. The crystal structure and surface morphology were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle size was calculated in the range 10–20 nm by Scherer’s formula and compared with SEM and TEM results. The ionic conductivity was measured by using ac electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. The activation energy was also evaluated. The performance of the cell was measured 0.567 W/cm2 at temperature 550°C with hydrogen as a fuel.

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25

"Magnetic ZnO/CdO Nanocomposite for Effective Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy." Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/briac131.060.

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ZnO, ZnO/CdO, and Magnetic Ni-ZnO/CdO nanocomposite have been eco-friendly synthesized using Black Rice Husk Extract (BRHE) and water instead of hazardous chemicals and solvents. The anticancer drug Doxorubicin (Dox) was loaded on the PVA-coated biomimetic nanomaterials. The successful synthesis of the pure nanomaterials and the Dox-nanomaterial systems has been confirmed by evaluating their structural, crystalline, textural, surface, and optical properties using various characterization techniques. The Dox-nanomaterials systems were used as anticancer drugs against HEPG2 cells as a model of human cancerous cells. The in vitro Dox release was slower and more sustained from Ni-ZnO/CdO composite compared to the other individual nanomaterials, suggesting that a hydrogen bond strongly attached more Dox molecules to the surface Ni-ZnO/CdO. Moreover, the cytotoxicity investigations on the HEPG2 cell line showed that higher toxicity was obtained by Ni-doped nanocomposite, consistent with the results of in vitro release. This study provides novel magnetic Nanocarriers that can be used as anticancer drug delivery systems after more in vivo investigations on animals or clinical investigations.

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"Sr3+/Sm3+ Co-Doped Based Two Phase Nanocomposite Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2010-01/9/558.

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Cai, Yixiao, Yang Chen, Muhammad Akbar, Bin Jin, Zhengwen Tu, Naveed Mushtaq, Baoyuan Wang, Xiangyang Qu, Chen Xia та Yizhong Huang. "A Bulk-Heterostructure Nanocomposite Electrolyte of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ–SrTiO3 for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". Nano-Micro Letters 13, № 1 (січень 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00574-3.

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AbstractSince colossal ionic conductivity was detected in the planar heterostructures consisting of fluorite and perovskite, heterostructures have drawn great research interest as potential electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, so far, the practical uses of such promising material have failed to materialize in SOFCs due to the short circuit risk caused by SrTiO3. In this study, a series of fluorite/perovskite heterostructures made of Sm-doped CeO2 and SrTiO3 (SDC–STO) are developed in a new bulk-heterostructure form and evaluated as electrolytes. The prepared cells exhibit a peak power density of 892 mW cm−2 along with open circuit voltage of 1.1 V at 550 °C for the optimal composition of 4SDC–6STO. Further electrical studies reveal a high ionic conductivity of 0.05–0.14 S cm−1 at 450–550 °C, which shows remarkable enhancement compared to that of simplex SDC. Via AC impedance analysis, it has been shown that the small grain-boundary and electrode polarization resistances play the major roles in resulting in the superior performance. Furthermore, a Schottky junction effect is proposed by considering the work functions and electronic affinities to interpret the avoidance of short circuit in the SDC–STO cell. Our findings thus indicate a new insight to design electrolytes for low-temperature SOFCs.

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Al‐Sagheer, L. A. M., and A. Rajeh. "Synthesis, characterization, electrical, and magnetic properties of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose blend doped with nickel ferrites nanoparticles for magneto‐electronic devices." Polymer Composites, August 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.27624.

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AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes are an intriguing technology in terms of magneto‐opto electronic applications due to having a high dielectric constant, a small band gap, and excellent magnetic characteristics. In order to improve structural, optical, dielectric, conductivity, and magnetic characteristics, this research seeks to prepare nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles and polyvinylalcohol (PVA)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films containing NiFe2O4. Nanoparticles of NiFe2O4 are prepared using the co‐precipitation method. The CMC/PVA–NiFe2O4 nanocomposites films are prepared using casting solution. To improve their structural, optical, conductivity, dielectric, and magnetic characteristics, these films electrolytes were examined using XRD, TEM, FT‐IR, UV–vis, and VSM measurements. According to the XRD analysis, the CMC/PVA blend polymer matrix demonstrates a considerable increase in amorphous nature with the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) content, producing a highly flexible polymer backbone, increasing ionic conductivity of the CMC/PVA–NiFe2O4 nanocomposite films. The complexation of dopant cations with the CMC/PVA polymer matrix's backbone is confirmed by the FT‐IR spectroscopy. According to the UV–visible technique, the dopant NiFe2O4 concentration considerably affects the optical energy band gap, and Urbach energy of the pure CMC/PVA. At higher loading, these effects are more pronounced. At room temperature, ac conductivity, the dielectric behavior, and electrical modulus formalism were studied. The blend's highest AC conductivity is 4.77 × 103 S/cm. After increasing the loading of NiFe2O4 to 1.5 wt%, it increased to 8.07 × 104 S/cm. There has also been research on dielectric permittivity and electric modulus to further understand conductivity relaxation and charge storage qualities. The polymer nanocomposite, generally, displayed better optical, dielectric constant, conductivity, and magnetic characteristics compared to pure CMC/PVA being useable in terms of high energy storage nanoelectronics' manufacturing.Highlights NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by using the co‐precipitation method. Nanocomposite films of CMC/PVA–NiFe2O4 were successfully prepared by casting method. XRD patterns confirmed the increase in the degree amorphousity for nanocomposites films compare pure blend. From optical energy gap results for samples prepared was enhanced after addition NiFe2O4. The dielectric and magnetic properties showed that all nanocomposites films exhibited enhanced as compared to pure CMC/PVA film.

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Park, Sung-Chul, Jong-Jin Lee, Seung-Ho Lee, Jooho Moon, and Sang-Hoon Hyun. "Design and Preparation of SOFC Unit Cells Using Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Operation." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003611.

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A solid oxide fuel cell unit cell based on a scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte for intermediate temperature operation (below 650°C) was manufactured as an anode-supported unit cell via uniaxial pressing, dip-coating, and screen printing methods. The nanocomposite powders used to improve anode performance were synthesized by selectively coating nanosized NiO particles on ScSZ core particles by the Pechini process. Anode-supported ScSZ electrolytes were fabricated by dip-coating a slurry of Ni-ScSZ composite powder on a die-pressed anode pellet, followed by dip-coating of the electrolyte ScSZ slurry. The lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM)-ScSZ cathode and the samarium doped ceria (SDC) interlayer were formed on the anode-supported ScSZ electrolyte using the screen printing method. The lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF)–SDC cathode was also formed on the SDC interlayer. The anode-supported unit cells designed and prepared in this study had a power density of 0.61 W cm−2 at 800°C. Moreover, the unit cell structured by the functional layer and the LSCF cathode demonstrated excellent performance with a power density of 0.49 W cm−2 at 650°C.

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