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1
Wartini, Sri. "The Legal Impacts of The Convention for The Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna on The Optimum Utilization and Sustainability of Highly Migratory Fish." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 19, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2019.19.3.2596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainability of southern Bluefin tuna (SBT) is very important, since the SBT as one of the highly migratory fish which is very valuable. Because of that, the SBT are exploited tremendously and it caused serious decline of the population. Due to the reasons, the aim of the paper is to examine comprehensively the legal impacts of the Convention for The Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) on the optimum utilization and sustainability of the SBT as one of highly migratory fish, There are two problems questions that are proposed, namely, first, how is the role of the Commission of CCSBT in the optimum utilization and sustainable conservation of the SBT. Second, how is the legal impacts of the CCSBT to the conduct of the Member States to obey the obligations of the CCSBT in order to utilize and to maintain the sustainability of the SBT in sustainable manner. The result of the paper finds that there is positive legal impacts of the CCSBT to the Member States’ conduct in order to materialize the optimum utilization and sustainability of the SBT, though, there are still some challenges. Keywords: conservation, highly migratory fish, optimum utilization, southern tuna Bluefin, sustainable manner.Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT), as one of the highly migratory fish, is very valuable due to the high demand inthe international market. Hence, the SBT is exploited tremendously and it caused a severe decline in thepopulation. To maintain the sustainability utilization of SBT, the role of the Commission on the CCSBT isimperative. The objective of the research is to examine conceptually the legal impacts of the Convention forthe Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) on the optimum utilization and sustainability of the SBT.It is a normative juridical research by applying conceptual and statutory approaches. The results of theresearch indicates that: first, the role of the Commission of CCSBT in the optimum utilization and thesustainability of the SBT is very significant: second, there are positive legal impacts of the CCSBT to theconduct of the Member States to comply with provisions of the CCSBT; third, the legal impacts of CCSBT areable to oblige the Member States to perform their obligations, however, there are still some challenges tomaterialize the objective of the CCSBT.Keywords: conservation; highly migratory fish; optimum utilization; southern tuna bluefin; sustainability.
2
Sondita, Muhammad Fedi Alfiadi, Nida Mardhiyah Ramdhani, and Tri Wiji Nurani. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PEMANTAUAN KUOTA PENANGKAPAN IKAN UNTUK SUATU WILAYAH PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 13, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.v13i1.36354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Catch quota would be less effective to control fishing activities if fish production is not monitored properly. Limited support and participation of business players in fish monitoring program are contributing factors to the unreliability of fisheries statistics in many places, including Indonesia. To address this challenge, Indonesia fisheries managers may consider experiences of some fisheries management bodies with advanced monitoring system. This study analyzed the process of establishment of a monitoring system developed by Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) to direct each affiliated country to monitor its catch quota. The study was conducted in June-November 2020 by conducting interviews and literature review. CCSBT implements a monitoring system called the catch documentation scheme (CDS) to record the captured/cultured/traded southern bluefin tuna (SBT). Its development started from discussions to solve data insufficiency for SBT stock assessment. These discussions promoted engagement of its affiliated countries, business players and fisheries experts. CCSBT is successful in building the capacity of some affiliate countries which implement the CDS under supervision of CCSBT. Such process was effective in building compliance of business players in the affiliate countries. In preparation of new fisheries management regime, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries may consider adapting this process by positioning CCSBT as a Fisheries Management Authority and affiliate members as provincial fisheries management bodies. Based on the CCSBT's experience, advocacy in public awareness on fisheries crisis and provision of preliminary data are two priority strategies in bringing stakeholders to build an effective fish monitoring program.
3
Indriyani, Rachma, Asmar Abdul Rahim, and Ruzita Azmi. "Fishing Quota and International Obligation: Why Has Indonesia been Indicated as a Non-Compliant State." Hasanuddin Law Review 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v7i2.2841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia committed to conserving the tuna resources by participating in some RFMOs. From all regional organizations where Indonesia has been joined, the CCSBT is the unique one, due to it governs a single tuna species, which is called Southern Bluefin Tuna. This kind of tuna is essential for Indonesia because it is the world’s most expensive tuna and SBT migrates through Indonesian fisheries management zones and goes even further within the territorial waters, where the SBT spawning area is located. This natural characteristic distinguishes Indonesia from other Parties to CCSBT. Nevertheless, the Country has been dealing with its obligation to comply with national quota allocation. For some fishing season periods, the CCSBT indicated Indonesia as a non-compliant. By applying the qualitative approach, this study considers how Indonesia’s non-compliance has been addressed in fishing for shared fish stocks. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and legal analysis of law and policy instruments. This method leads the elaboration to reveal domestic factors affecting non-compliance by Indonesia. This study argues, the fisheries legislation should consider the provision concerning fishing for resources under quota system, hence, it will provide sufficient legal base to take enforcement measures towards non-compliance with fishing quota.
4
Chomariyah, Chomariyah. "PELAKSANAAN MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 25, no. 1 (July 14, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v25i1.5986.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the eighteenth annual meeting of the CCSBT agreed on the use of Management Procedure (MP) as a guide to total allowable catches globally against Southern Bluefin Tuna. It aims to ensure that the biomass of fish stocks can reach the target redevelopment of up to 20%. CCSBT set the allowable catch based on the results of the MP. MP aims to maintain the stability of the fishing industry reduces the possibility of the number of catches in the future to decrease. Three-year period total allowable catches globally is; 2014 is 12 449 tons, year 2015-2017 is 14 647 tons and 17 647 tons Year 2018-2020 be included ndonesia. Implementation Management Procedure by Indonesia is a resource management strategy that allows the fish formally to ensure that the fish resources can be utilized in a sustainable manner.
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Purwanto, Purwanto, Lilis Sadiyah, and Fayakun Satria. "MODEL PENGENDALIAN OUTPUT PENANGKAPAN UNTUK PENYESUAIAN TERHADAP KUOTA NASIONAL TUNA SIRIP BIRU SELATAN." Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.7.2.2015.103-114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Pengelolaan perikanan tuna sirip biru selatan (SBT) dilakukan oleh Komisi Konservasi Tuna Sirip Biru Selatan (CCSBT) dengan pengendalian output melalui penetapan jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (JTB). Untuk tahun 2015 – 2017, Indonesia menerima alokasi JTB sebesar 750 ton SBT per tahun. Dalam pemanfaatan kuota tersebut, bila total hasil tangkapan SBT dalam satu tahun lebih rendah dari kuota, maka sisa kuota hanya dapat dimanfaatkan tahun berikutnya dan tidak boleh melebihi 20% dari sisa kuota. Sebaliknya, bila total hasil tangkapan SBT dalam satu tahun melebihi kuota, CCSBT dapat mengenakan tindakan korektif, berupa antara lain pengembalian kelebihan tangkapan dan pengurangan kuota nasional pada tahun berikutnya. Capaian pemanfaatan kuota nasional SBT ditentukan oleh hasil tangkapan masing-masing kapal. Mengingat hasil tangkapan masing-masing kapal terkadang tidak sesuai dengan kuotanya walaupun hasil tangkapan nasional sesuai dengan kuota nasional, Indonesia perlu melakukan pengendalian output masing-masing kapal. Untuk mendukung upaya pengendalian tersebut perlu disusun kaidah pengendaliannya. Kaidah tersebut disajikan dalam tulisan ini.</p><p> </p><p>Management of southern bluefin tuna fishery (SBT) is conducted by the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) using output control through the total allowable catch (TAC). Indonesia will receive an allocation of 750 tonnes of SBT per year, for the years 2015 - 2017. In the utilization of the quota, if the total catch of SBT in one year is lower than the quota, then the remaining quota can only be used next year and must not exceed 20% of the remaining quota. Conversely, if the total catch of SBT in a year exceeds the quota, CCSBT may impose corrective action, such as, among others, the return of excess catch and national quota reduction in the following year. The achievement of national quota utilization of SBT is determined by the catch of each vessel. In view of the catch of each vessel may not comply each vessel’s quota although the national catches do not exceed the national quota, Indonesia needs to implement an output control of each vessel. To support this management measure, control rules need to be developed. The rules are presented in this paper.</p>
6
Rahmawati, Novia Tri, Sugeng Hari Wisudo, Eko Sri Wiyono, and Tri Wiji Nurani. "DINAMIKA PERIKANAN TUNA LONG LINE INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS TUNA SIRIP BIRU SELATAN)." Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan 4, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.4.113-122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sebagai anggota Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), Indonesia harus mengikuti aturan kuota penangkapan tuna sirip biru selatan (southern bluefin tuna/SBT) yang telah ditetapkan. Untuk itu diperlukan pengaturan dan tata kelola yang baik dalam pemanfaatan SBT di Indonesia agar selaras dengan kaidah dan aturan-aturan internasional yang telah disepakati Indonesia sebagai bagian dari CCSBT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung komposisi hasil tangkapan dan tingkat produktivitas armada tuna long line Indonesia khususnya yang melakukan aktivitas penangkapan SBTmenduga bulan musim penangkapan dan menghitung ukuran rata-rata tertangkap SBT hasil tangkapan tuna long line Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis SBT memiliki nilai persentase terkecil dari komposisi hasil tangkapan tuna long line di Indonesia. Namun demikian, tren persentase produksi SBT memiliki kecenderungan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun seiring dengan meningkatnya tren produktivitas tuna long line. Musim penangkapan SBT di Indonesia terjadi pada bulan Agustus-Maret, yang diduga juga merupakan musim pemijahan tuna sirip biru selatan. Ukuran rata-rata tertangkap SBT (L50%) adalah berukuran 145 cm FL sehingga bisa dikategorikan sudah layak tangkap karena telah melalui fase ikan melakukan pemijahan atau recruitment.
7
Rochman, Fathur, Maya Agustina, and Gussasta Levi Arnenda. "Total Allowable Catch of Indonesian Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii and Its Potential Resources in The Indian Ocean." E3S Web of Conferences 147 (2020): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014702013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) is a high value species fished by many countries including Indonesia, and its fishing activities has been regulated by CCSBT. This study aimed to determine the potential resource of Indonesian SBT, utilization, and review of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) of Indonesian SBT. This research was conducted from January 2017 to April 2018. The primary data used in this study were the otolith samples and the enumeration data of SBT landed in Benoa port from 2012-2017. Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) used in this research was based on a direct aging method using otolith. This research showed that the catch at age structure was distributed from 5-22 years with mean and mode of age were 9.63 and 9 years. The average of the exploitation rate measured was 0.191 per year meaning that the level of exploitation was categorized as underfished. The optimal assumption of the exploitation rate estimated in the range of 1,577 to 2,630 tons per year which is higher than the TAC provided by CCSBT. It was concluded that from 2015 onwards, the catch efforts were more effective and efficient with the increasing level of the exploitation and the decreasing number of efforts.
8
Yuliantiningsih, Aryuni. "The Participation of Indonesia in Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs): The Legal and Globalization Perspectives." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 2 (December 21, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v6i2.1943.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract : The purpose of this research is to find out and analyse the participation of Indonesia in Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) viewed from the legal and globalization perspectives. The method used in this research was a normative juridical by employing secondary data sources which were analysed qualitatively. The results showed that there are 4 (four) RFMOs bordering Indonesian waters, namely IOCT, CCSBT, WPPC, and Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC). Currently, Indonesia has participated as a member of RFMOs with the reasons, firstly, to participate in conserving fish resources and secondly, if Indonesia is not a member of RFMOs, the fishery products can be embargoed and categorized as IUU fishing. In relation to law and globalization, developed countries have implemented their hegemony to dominate the high seas through legal instruments, namely international treaties and organizations. On the other hand, the participation of Indonesia in RFMO is merely to facilitate the citizens to be able to access fish resources in the high seas.Keywords: Indonesia, RFMOs, law, globalization.�Keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs): Perspektif Hukum dan Globalisasi�Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam Regional Fisheries Management Organizatios (RFMOs) ditinjau dari perspektif hukum dan globalisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, menggunakan sumber data sekunder dan analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu terdapat 4 (empat) RFMOs yang berbatasan dengan perairan Indonesia yaitu, IOCT, CCSBT, WPPC, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC). Saat ini Indonesia telah ikut serta menjadi anggota RFMOs dengan alasan, pertama, ikut melakukan konservasi sumber daya ikan dan kedua,� jika tidak menjadi anggota RFMOs maka hasil tangkapan dapat� diembargo dan dikategorikan sebagai IUU fishing.� Dikaitkan dengan hukum dan globalisasi, negara maju telah menerapkan hegemoninya untuk menguasai laut lepas melalui instrumen hukum yaitu perjanjian internasional dan organisasi internasional. Di sisi lain keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam RFMO� untuk memfasilitasi warga negaranya agar dapat mengakses sumberdaya ikan di laut lepas.Kata Kunci: Indonesia, RFMOs, hukum, globalisasi.
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Astagia, Alif, Tri Wiji Nurani, and Vita Rumanti Kurniawati. "PERSYARATAN EKSPOR TUNA TUJUAN UNI EROPA, AMERIKA SERIKAT, DAN JEPANG." ALBACORE Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut 6, no. 1 (November 7, 2022): 057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/core.6.1.057-066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Perdagangan ekspor ikan tuna Indonesia, masih dihadapkan pada banyaknya kasus penolakan karena tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh negara eksportir. Hal ini berdampak pada kerugian ekonomi yang dialami baik oleh pengusaha maupun pemerintah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi persyaratan-persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk melakukan ekspor ke Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, dan Jepang dan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dengan responden dan studi literatur. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah desktiptif komparatif. Persyaratan kualitas dan keamanan oleh negara Uni Eropa sama dengan, Amerika Serikat, dan Jepang yaitu eksportir sudah menerapkan GMP dan SSOP, dan penerapan HACCP. Persyaratan keberlanjutan untuk kapal tujuan ekspor ke UE, AS dan Jepang harus melakukan pendaftaran kapal terlebih dahulu kepada RFMO,setelah itu melakukan pemberitahuan hasil tangkapan kepada organisasi regional yaitu BESD (IOTC) dan (CDS-CCSBT). Persyaratan sertifikat pihak ketiga oleh UE adalah ISO 22000 dan MSC. AS menerapkan sertifikasi ISO 22000. Jepang menerapkan sertifikasi ISO 22000 dan MELJ. Persyaratan Ketelusuran oleh negara UE adalah SHTI. Persyaratan sertifikat pihak ketiga oleh negara AS adalah SIMP. Untuk negara Jepang tidak mewajibkan Persyaratan sertifikat pihak ketiga. Jika buyer meminta maka SHTI dilampirkan dalam transaksi ekspor.
Kata kunci: keberlanjutan, ketelusuran, kualitas dan keamanan, persyaratan, tuna
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Son, Jae-Yeol, Haksan Jeong, Seulgi Lee, Yeongwoo Lee, and Seung-Boo Jung. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Cu Core Solder Ball (CCSB) Compared with SAC305 Solder for 2.5D and 3D Structure Package (PKG)." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3665.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Package structures are continually becoming more complicated to achieve high-performance devices. Thus, the 2D structure of package needs to be modified to a 2.5D or 3D structure. Therefore, standoff properties at the solder joint are required to prevent Si chip damage and electrical shorts when the solder joint is located between the substrate and interposer. Cu-core solder balls (CCSB) are the most popular interconnection choice for a 2.5D package because they have better standoff properties than the general SAC solder. The mechanical properties of CCSBs were evaluated by ball shear tests and measuring bump height as compared with Sn–3.0 wt.%Ag–0.5 wt.% Cu solder. The bump heights of CCSBs and Sn–3.0 wt.%Ag–0.5 wt.% Cu were measured under several compressive pressure conditions at room temperature, 175 °C and 235 °C. The stand-off height of the CCSBs dramatically better than that of Sn–3.0 wt.%Ag–0.5 wt.% Cu solder under high pressure and temperature. The shear strength of the CCSBs was stronger than that of SAC solder at all multiple reflows due to the finer microstructure and higher stacking of dislocations at the interface of the Cu core ball surface.
11
Indriyani, Rachma, Asmar Abdul Rahim, and Ruzita Azmi. "Law Enforcement Against Unreported Fishing: What Does Beyond the Catch Record?" Sriwijaya Law Review 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol6.iss1.1032.pp189-204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transparency is significant in highly migratory fisheries. The reliability of the catch data is essential for decisions of internationally agreed targets. Nevertheless, the data accuracy will much depend on each state's performance. Focusing on unreported catches of migratory fish, this study highlights the Thunnus Macoyyi (Southern Bluefin Tuna) fishing in Indonesia, as this fish species had experienced for being the limelight of unreported fishing allegations. The main objective is to reveal what are the difficulties that Indonesia is facing on its responsibility to maintain the accuracy of the catch record. Accordingly, the study examines two points by applying the pure legal method and doctrinal approach. Firstly, the international legal framework towards unreported fishing by analysing three main instruments such as the UNCLOS 1982, the UNFSA 1995, and the CCSBT policies. Secondly, it examines Indonesia law enforcement as a State party of regional fisheries organisation. It argues that the international authority could not be completely extended to a State's domestic fishing area. Thus, it gives more discretion to the national law to enforce compliance. Lesson learned from the case study of Indonesia's southern bluefin tuna contributes to unreported fishing literature and allows us to expose the legal gap remained in managing highly migratory fish stocks.
12
Hoyle, Simon D., Sung Il Lee, and Doo Nam Kim. "CPUE standardization for southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in the Korean tuna longline fishery, accounting for spatiotemporal variation in targeting through data exploration and clustering." PeerJ 10 (September 1, 2022): e13951. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accounting for spatial and temporal variation in targeting is a concern in many catch per unit effort (CPUE) standardization exercises. In this study we standardized southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, SBT) CPUE from the Korean tuna longline fishery (1996–2018) using generalized linear models (GLMs) with operational set by set data. Data were first explored to investigate the operational characteristics of Korean tuna longline vessels fishing for SBT, such as the spatial and temporal distributions of effort, and changes in the nominal catch rates among major species and species composition. Then we estimated SBT CPUE by area used for the stock assessment in the CCSBT (Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna) and identified two separate areas in which Korean tuna longline vessels have targeted SBT and albacore tuna (T. alalunga), with targeting patterns varying spatially, seasonally and longer term. We applied two approaches, data selection and cluster analysis of species composition, and compared their ability to address concerns about the changing patterns of targeting through time. Explanatory variables for the GLM analyses were year, month, vessel identifier, fishing location (5° cell), number of hooks, moon phase, and cluster. GLM results for each area suggested that location, year, targeting, and month effects were the principal factors affecting the nominal CPUE. The standardized CPUEs for both areas decreased until the mid-2000s and have shown an increasing trend since that time.
13
Feissner, Robert E., Caroline S. Beckett, Jennifer A. Loughman, and Robert G. Kranz. "Mutations in Cytochrome Assembly and Periplasmic Redox Pathways in Bordetella pertussis." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 12 (June 15, 2005): 3941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.12.3941-3949.2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Transposon mutagenesis of Bordetella pertussis was used to discover mutations in the cytochrome c biogenesis pathway called system II. Using a tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine cytochrome c oxidase screen, 27 oxidase-negative mutants were isolated and characterized. Nine mutants were still able to synthesize c-type cytochromes and possessed insertions in the genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunits (ctaC, -D, and -E), heme a biosynthesis (ctaB), assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (sco2), or ferrochelatase (hemZ). Eighteen mutants were unable to synthesize all c-type cytochromes. Seven of these had transposons in dipZ (dsbD), encoding the transmembrane thioreduction protein, and all seven mutants were corrected for cytochrome c assembly by exogenous dithiothreitol, which was consistent with the cytochrome c cysteinyl residues of the CXXCH motif requiring periplasmic reduction. The remaining 11 insertions were located in the ccsBA operon, suggesting that with the appropriate thiol-reducing environment, the CcsB and CcsA proteins comprise the entire system II biosynthetic pathway. Antiserum to CcsB was used to show that CcsB is absent in ccsA mutants, providing evidence for a stable CcsA-CcsB complex. No mutations were found in the genes necessary for disulfide bond formation (dsbA or dsbB). To examine whether the periplasmic disulfide bond pathway is required for cytochrome c biogenesis in B. pertussis, a targeted knockout was made in dsbB. The DsbB− mutant makes holocytochromes c like the wild type does and secretes and assembles the active periplasmic alkaline phosphatase. A dipZ mutant is not corrected by a dsbB mutation. Alternative mechanisms to oxidize disulfides in B. pertussis are analyzed and discussed.
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Kern, Melanie, Juliane Scheithauer, Robert G. Kranz, and Jörg Simon. "Essential histidine pairs indicate conserved haem binding in epsilonproteobacterial cytochrome c haem lyases." Microbiology 156, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 3773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.042838-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bacterial cytochrome c maturation occurs at the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane, requires transport of haem b across the membrane, and depends on membrane-bound cytochrome c haem lyase (CCHL), an enzyme that catalyses covalent attachment of haem b to apocytochrome c. Epsilonproteobacteria such as Wolinella succinogenes use the cytochrome c biogenesis system II and contain unusually large CCHL proteins of about 900 amino acid residues that appear to be fusions of the CcsB and CcsA proteins found in other bacteria. CcsBA-type CCHLs have been proposed to act as haem transporters that contain two haem b coordination sites located at different sides of the membrane and formed by histidine pairs. W. succinogenes cells contain three CcsBA-type CCHL isoenzymes (NrfI, CcsA1 and CcsA2) that are known to differ in their specificity for apocytochromes and apparently recognize different haem c binding motifs such as CX2CH (by CcsA2), CX2CK (by NrfI) and CX15CH (by CcsA1). In this study, conserved histidine residues were individually replaced by alanine in each of the W. succinogenes CCHLs. Characterization of NrfI and CcsA1 variants in W. succinogenes demonstrated that a set of four histidines is essential for maturing the dedicated multihaem cytochromes c NrfA and MccA, respectively. The function of W. succinogenes CcsA2 variants produced in Escherichia coli was also found to depend on each of these four conserved histidine residues. The presence of imidazole in the growth medium of both W. succinogenes and E. coli rescued the cytochrome c biogenesis activity of most histidine variants, albeit to different extents, thereby implying the presence of two functionally distinct histidine pairs in each CCHL. The data support a model in which two conserved haem b binding sites are involved in haem transport catalysed by CcsBA-type CCHLs.
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Zhang, Zheng, Brian T. Denton, and Xiaolan Xie. "Branch and Price for Chance-Constrained Bin Packing." INFORMS Journal on Computing 32, no. 3 (July 2020): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes two versions of the chance-constrained stochastic bin-packing (CCSBP) problem that consider item-to-bin allocation decisions in the context of chance constraints on the total item size within the bins. The first version is a stochastic CCSBP (SP-CCSBP) problem, which assumes that the distributions of item sizes are known. We present a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program (SMIP) for this problem and a Dantzig–Wolfe formulation suited to a branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm. We further enhance the formulation using coefficient strengthening and reformulations based on probabilistic packs and covers. The second version is a distributionally robust CCSBP (DR-CCSBP) problem, which assumes that the distributions of item sizes are ambiguous. Based on a closed-form expression for the DR chance constraints, we approximate the DR-CCSBP problem as a mixed-integer program that has significantly fewer integer variables than the SMIP of the SP-CCSBP problem, and our proposed B&P algorithm can directly solve its Dantzig–Wolfe formulation. We also show that the approach for the DR-CCSBP problem, in addition to providing robust solutions, can obtain near-optimal solutions to the SP-CCSBP problem. We implement a series of numerical experiments based on real data in the context of surgery scheduling, and the results demonstrate that our proposed B&P algorithm is computationally more efficient than a standard branch-and-cut algorithm, and it significantly improves upon the performance of a well-known bin-packing heuristic.
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Noga, Jozef, Rodney J. Bartlett, and Miroslav Urban. "Towards a full CCSDT model for electron correlation. CCSDT-n models." Chemical Physics Letters 134, no. 2 (February 1987): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(87)87107-5.
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Mitchell, Nicky, and P. Kenneth Gordon. "Attitudes Towards Computerized CBT for Depression Amongst a Student Population." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 35, no. 4 (May 14, 2007): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465807003700.
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Some studies of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) have found evidence of its effectiveness, yet a number have reported low uptake and/or completion rates. This study investigated attitudes towards CCBT for depression amongst 122 university students. The credibility of CCBT, expectancy-for-improvement and perceived likelihood of using it were all poor, although a minority (9.8%) stated a preference for CCBT over other interventions. When 20 of the original sample received a demonstration of a CCBT programme for depression, significant increases in credibility, expectancy-for-improvement and in perceived likelihood of using CCBT were found. Numbers stating a preference for CCBT increased to 30%. At both stages, most students stated a preference for CCBT to be accompanied by counselling. Qualitative analysis provided information about factors that might influence these attitudes. Implications for service delivery are discussed.
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Gerhards, S. A. H., L. E. de Graaf, L. E. Jacobs, J. L. Severens, M. J. H. Huibers, A. Arntz, H. Riper, G. Widdershoven, J. F. M. Metsemakers, and S. M. A. A. Evers. "Economic evaluation of online computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomised trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 196, no. 4 (April 2010): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.065748.
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BackgroundEvidence about the cost-effectiveness and cost utility of computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT) is still limited. Recently, we compared the clinical effectiveness of unsupported, online CCBT with treatment as usual (TAU) and a combination of CCBT and TAU (CCBT plus TAU) for depression. The study is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register, part of the Dutch Cochrane Centre (ISRCTN47481236).AimsTo assess the cost-effectiveness of CCBT compared with TAU and CCBT plus TAU.MethodCosts, depression severity and quality of life were measured for 12 months. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were performed from a societal perspective. Uncertainty was dealt with by bootstrap replications and sensitivity analyses.ResultsCosts were lowest for the CCBT group. There are no significant group differences in effectiveness or quality of life. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses tend to be in favour of CCBT.ConclusionsOn balance, CCBT constitutes the most efficient treatment strategy, although all treatments showed low adherence rates and modest improvements in depression and quality of life.
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Kaltenthaler, Eva, Glenys Parry, and Catherine Beverley. "COMPUTERIZED COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 32, no. 1 (January 2004): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246580400102x.
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Depression, anxiety disorders and phobias are common mental health problems associated with considerable occupational and interpersonal impairment. Although there is substantial evidence to support the use of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in the treatment of these disorders, access is limited. Computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) is one of a variety of aids to self-management that offer patients the potential benefits of CBT with less therapist involvement than therapist led CBT (TCBT). In this systematic review of the efficacy of CCBT, 16 studies were identified. Of these 11 were RCTS and the remaining 5 were pilot or cohort studies. The quality of studies ranged from poor to moderate (although the criteria used precluded the highest rating). In the studies comparing CCBT with TCBT, five studies showed CCBT have equivalent outcomes to TCBT. One study of depressed inpatients found TCBT to be significantly more effective than CCBT. Four studies found CCBT to be more effective than treatment as usual (TAU). Two studies found CCBT to be no more effective than TAU. Two studies compared CCBT with bibliotherapy. Of these, one study found CCBT to be as effective as bibliotherapy and one found bibliotherapy to be significantly more effective than CCBT on some outcome measures. Although the results of this review are not conclusive, CCBT is potentially useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression and phobias. From the results of this review, we make three recommendations to improve the quality of research in this field, and suggest four areas requiring further research.
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Fleming, Theresa, and Sally Merry. "Youth Work Service Providers' Attitudes Towards Computerized CBT for Adolescents." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 41, no. 3 (May 17, 2012): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465812000306.
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Background:Attitudes of social service providers towards computerized CBT (cCBT) might affect use of cCBT by their clients and may provide important insights that should be considered in dissemination. There is no literature exploring the attitudes of providers of youth work services towards cCBT despite the likelihood of them having close relationships with young people at high risk of mental ill-health.Method:Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a total of 40 providers (21 youth workers and social service staff providing alternative schooling, justice or other intensive youth work programmes to adolescents, 6 youth service managers, 2 trainers, 5 peer leaders and 6 trainees).Results:Participants considered supporting young people who were distressed to be an important part of their role. They were generally interested in cCBT, especially those who were more mental health oriented and those who saw a cCBT programme in action. Their greatest concerns regarding cCBT related to it possibly displacing human contact, while advantages were seen as its appeal to young people and its potential therapeutic power. They would utilize cCBT in a range of ways, with many wishing to offer it in group settings. Training and resources would be required for them to use cCBT.Conclusions:Many providers of youth work services would like to be involved in the use of cCBT; this might extend the reach of cCBT to vulnerable young people. They would wish to utilize cCBT in ways that fit their current approaches. Providers’ opinions need to be considered in the dissemination of cCBT.
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Stallard, Paul, Thomas Richardson, and Sophie Velleman. "Clinicians' Attitudes Towards the Use of Computerized Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (cCBT) with Children and Adolescents." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 38, no. 5 (July 9, 2010): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465810000421.
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Background: Research has begun to examine the effectiveness of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) with children and adolescents. Although cCBT appears promising, the attitudes of clinicians towards this type of intervention with children and young people have not been assessed, yet these are important in determining when and if cCBT will be offered. Aims: To survey clinicians’ attitudes towards cCBT with children and adolescents. Method: A self-report questionnaire was completed by 43 mental health professionals attending a conference. Results: Clinicians were cautious but generally positive about the use of cCBT with children and adolescents, particularly for the delivery of prevention programmes and in the treatment of mild/moderate problems. Few felt that cCBT should be available freely online without any professional support. Indeed, the lack of a therapeutic relationship and professional support were identified as the biggest problems, whilst the potential to use cCBT at home was the greatest advantage identified. Conclusions: This survey suggests that clinicians are generally positive about the use of cCBT with children and adolescents for the prevention and treatment of mild/moderate problems. Further research is required to address clinicians’ concerns about the effectiveness of cCBT for more substantial problems and the level of therapeutic support required.
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Karton, Amir. "Effective basis set extrapolations for CCSDT, CCSDT(Q), and CCSDTQ correlation energies." Journal of Chemical Physics 153, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 024102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0011674.
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Titov, Nickolai. "Status of Computerized Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Adults." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 2 (February 2007): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601109873.
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A growing body of evidence supports the efficacy of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT). This technology has the potential to increase the capacity of mental health services, and to overcome some of the barriers to accessing mental health services, including stigma, traveling time for rural patients, treatment delays, and the low availability of skilled clinicians. This review discusses key issues around the implementation of CCBT in current mental health services, and summarizes recent evidence for the efficacy of CCBT in anxiety and depression. Many CCBT systems exist, and the evidence for each varies in quality and quantity. It is concluded that CCBT, particularly guided by a therapist, represents a promising resource. However, considerable work needs to be done to develop CCBT techniques that are appropriate to Australasian populations, acceptable to patients and clinicians, easy to use, and are clinically and cost effective. Suggestions are made for further research and useful website addresses are provided to assist clinicians in familiarizing themselves with CCBT.
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AlHadi, Ahmad N., Khawla A. Alammari, Lojain J. Alsiwat, Nojood E. Alhaidri, Nouf H. Alabdulkarim, Nouf A. Altwaijri, and Shamma A. AlSohaili. "Perception of Mental Health Care Professionals in Saudi Arabia on Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Observational Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e26294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26294.
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Background Mental health disorders are common in Saudi Arabia with a 34% lifetime prevalence. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a type of psychotherapy, is an evidence-based intervention for the majority of mental disorders. Although the demand for CBT is increasing, unfortunately, there are few therapists available to meet this demand and the therapy is expensive. Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) is a new modality that can help fill this gap. Objective We aimed to measure the knowledge of cCBT among mental health care professionals in Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate their attitudes and preferences toward cCBT. Methods This quantitative observational cross-sectional study used a convenience sample, selecting mental health care professionals working in the tertiary hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The participants received a self-administered electronic questionnaire through data collectors measuring their demographics, knowledge, and attitudes about cCBT, and their beliefs about the efficacy of using computers in therapy. Results Among the 121 participating mental health care professionals, the mean age was 36.55 years and 60.3% were women. Most of the participants expressed uncertainty and demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding cCBT. However, the majority of participants indicated a positive attitude toward using computers in therapy. Participants agreed with the principles of cCBT, believed in its efficacy, and were generally confident in using computers. Among the notable results, participants having a clinical license and with cCBT experience had more knowledge of cCBT. The overall attitude toward cCBT was not affected by demographic or work-related factors. Conclusions Mental health care professionals in Saudi Arabia need more education and training regarding cCBT; however, their attitude toward its use and their comfort in using computers in general show great promise. Further research is needed to assess the acceptance of cCBT by patients in Saudi Arabia, in addition to clinical trials measuring its effectiveness in the Saudi population.
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Creswell, Cathy, Susan Cruddace, Stephen Gerry, Rachel Gitau, Emma McIntosh, Jill Mollison, Lynne Murray, et al. "Treatment of childhood anxiety disorder in the context of maternal anxiety disorder: a randomised controlled trial and economic analysis." Health Technology Assessment 19, no. 38 (May 2015): 1–184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta19380.
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BackgroundCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety disorders is associated with modest outcomes in the context of parental anxiety disorder.ObjectivesThis study evaluated whether or not the outcome of CBT for children with anxiety disorders in the context of maternal anxiety disorders is improved by the addition of (i) treatment of maternal anxiety disorders, or (ii) treatment focused on maternal responses. The incremental cost-effectiveness of the additional treatments was also evaluated.DesignParticipants were randomised to receive (i) child cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT); (ii) CCBT with CBT to target maternal anxiety disorders [CCBT + maternal cognitive–behavioural therapy (MCBT)]; or (iii) CCBT with an intervention to target mother–child interactions (MCIs) (CCBT + MCI).SettingA NHS university clinic in Berkshire, UK.ParticipantsTwo hundred and eleven children with a primary anxiety disorder, whose mothers also had an anxiety disorder.InterventionsAll families received eight sessions of individual CCBT. Mothers in the CCBT + MCBT arm also received eight sessions of CBT targeting their own anxiety disorders. Mothers in the MCI arm received 10 sessions targeting maternal parenting cognitions and behaviours. Non-specific interventions were delivered to balance groups for therapist contact.Main outcome measuresPrimary clinical outcomes were the child’s primary anxiety disorder status and degree of improvement at the end of treatment. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 and 12 months. Outcomes in the economic analyses were identified and measured using estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). QALYS were combined with treatment, health and social care costs and presented within an incremental cost–utility analysis framework with associated uncertainty.ResultsMCBT was associated with significant short-term improvement in maternal anxiety; however, after children had received CCBT, group differences were no longer apparent. CCBT + MCI was associated with a reduction in maternal overinvolvement and more confident expectations of the child. However, neither CCBT + MCBT nor CCBT + MCI conferred a significant post-treatment benefit over CCBT in terms of child anxiety disorder diagnoses [adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 1.62,p = 0.29; adjusted RR CCBT + MCI vs. control: adjusted RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.67,p = 0.20, respectively] or global improvement ratings (adjusted RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.59,p = 0.05; adjusted RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.53,p = 0.13). CCBT + MCI outperformed CCBT on some secondary outcome measures. Furthermore, primary economic analyses suggested that, at commonly accepted thresholds of cost-effectiveness, the probability that CCBT + MCI will be cost-effective in comparison with CCBT (plus non-specific interventions) is about 75%.ConclusionsGood outcomes were achieved for children and their mothers across treatment conditions. There was no evidence of a benefit to child outcome of supplementing CCBT with either intervention focusing on maternal anxiety disorder or maternal cognitions and behaviours. However, supplementing CCBT with treatment that targeted maternal cognitions and behaviours represented a cost-effective use of resources, although the high percentage of missing data on some economic variables is a shortcoming. Future work should consider whether or not effects of the adjunct interventions are enhanced in particular contexts. The economic findings highlight the utility of considering the use of a broad range of services when evaluating interventions with this client group.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN19762288.FundingThis trial was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and Berkshire Healthcare Foundation Trust and managed by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) on behalf of the MRC–NIHR partnership (09/800/17) and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 19, No. 38.
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Marks, I. M., K. Cavanagh, and L. Gega. "Computer-aided psychotherapy: revolution or bubble?" British Journal of Psychiatry 191, no. 6 (December 2007): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041152.
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SummaryResearch into computer-aided psychotherapy is thriving around the world. Most of it concerns computer-aided cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT). A recent narrative review found 97 computer-aided psychotherapy systems from nine countries reported in 175 studies, of which 103 were randomised controlled trials. The rapid spread of the mass delivery of psychotherapy through CCBT, catalysed in the UK by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence's recommendation of two CCBT programmes and the Department of Health's CCBT implementation guidance, seems unprecedented. This editorial is a synopsis of the current status of CCBT and its future directions.
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Duarte, A., S. Walker, E. Littlewood, S. Brabyn, C. Hewitt, S. Gilbody, and S. Palmer. "Cost-effectiveness of computerized cognitive–behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in primary care: findings from the Randomised Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Acceptability of Computerised Therapy (REEACT) trial." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 10 (February 23, 2017): 1825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000289.
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BackgroundComputerized cognitive–behavioural therapy (cCBT) forms a core component of stepped psychological care for depression. Existing evidence for cCBT has been informed by developer-led trials. This is the first study based on a large independent pragmatic trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of cCBT as an adjunct to usual general practitioner (GP) care compared with usual GP care alone and to establish the differential cost-effectiveness of a free-to-use cCBT programme (MoodGYM) in comparison with a commercial programme (Beating the Blues) in primary care.MethodCosts were estimated from a healthcare perspective and outcomes measured using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over 2 years. The incremental cost-effectiveness of each cCBT programme was compared with usual GP care. Uncertainty was estimated using probabilistic sensitivity analysis and scenario analyses were performed to assess the robustness of results.ResultsNeither cCBT programme was found to be cost-effective compared with usual GP care alone. At a £20 000 per QALY threshold, usual GP care alone had the highest probability of being cost-effective (0.55) followed by MoodGYM (0.42) and Beating the Blues (0.04). Usual GP care alone was also the cost-effective intervention in the majority of scenario analyses. However, the magnitude of the differences in costs and QALYs between all groups appeared minor (and non-significant).ConclusionsTechnically supported cCBT programmes do not appear any more cost-effective than usual GP care alone. No cost-effective advantage of the commercially developed cCBT programme was evident compared with the free-to-use cCBT programme. Current UK practice recommendations for cCBT may need to be reconsidered in the light of the results.
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Waller, R., and S. Gilbody. "Barriers to the uptake of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy: a systematic review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 5 (September 24, 2008): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004224.
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BackgroundStudies of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered by computer (cCBT) show clinical efficacy for treating anxiety and depression, but have not focused on barriers to uptake. Potential barriers include adverse consequences, accessibility and acceptability.MethodAn integrated systematic review was conducted of quantitative and qualitative studies and surveys from multiple electronic databases where computers delivered cCBT for anxiety or depression.ResultsSubstantial numbers of potential participants are lost prior to trials commencing with little explanation. Among trial participants, drop-outs may be higher in the cCBT groups (odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 0.81–5.09). Only a median of 56% completed a full course of cCBT and personal circumstance was a more common cause of drop-out than difficulties with the technology or social background. Risk was rarely assessed in the majority of programs. Significant staff time was needed to support clients. Therapists were more negative about cCBT than clients.ConclusionsWhile cCBT is likely to be an effective and acceptable intervention for some people, there are barriers to its uptake that will substantially limit its impact if not addressed. These included investigating the outcome and attitudes of those who do not make it as far as cCBT trials and why so few finish a full course of cCBT.
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Salloum, Alison, Erika A. Crawford, Adam B. Lewin, and Eric A. Storch. "Consumers’ and Providers’ Perceptions of Utilizing a Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Anxiety." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 1 (July 25, 2013): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000647.
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Background: Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) programs for childhood anxiety are being developed, although research about factors that contribute to implementation of CCBT in community mental health centers (CMHC) is limited. Aim: The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore consumers’ and providers’ perceptions of utilizing a CCBT for childhood anxiety in CMHC in an effort to identify factors that may impact implementation of CCBT in CMHC. Method: Focus groups and interviews occurred with 7 parents, 6 children, 3 therapists, 3 project coordinators and 3 administrators who had participated in CCBT for childhood anxiety. Surveys of treatment satisfaction and treatment barriers were administered to consumers. Results: Results suggest that both consumers and providers were highly receptive to participation in and implementation of CCBT in CMHC. Implementation themes included positive receptiveness, factors related to therapists, treatment components, applicability of treatment, treatment content, initial implementation challenges, resources, dedicated staff, support, outreach, opportunities with the CMHC, payment, and treatment availability. Conclusion: As studies continue to demonstrate the effectiveness of CCBT for childhood anxiety, research needs to continue to examine factors that contribute to the successful implementation of such treatments in CMHC.
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Gilbody, Simon, Sally Brabyn, Karina Lovell, David Kessler, Thomas Devlin, Lucy Smith, Ricardo Araya, et al. "Telephone-supported computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 210, no. 5 (May 2017): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435.
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BackgroundComputerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (cCBT) for depression has the potential to be efficient therapy but engagement is poor in primary care trials.AimsWe tested the benefits of adding telephone support to cCBT.MethodWe compared telephone-facilitated cCBT (MoodGYM) (n = 187) to minimally supported cCBT (MoodGYM) (n = 182) in a pragmatic randomised trial (trial registration: ISRCTN55310481). Outcomes were depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD)-7) and somatoform complaints (PHQ-15) at 4 and 12 months.ResultsUse of cCBT increased by a factor of between 1.5 and 2 with telephone facilitation. At 4 months PHQ-9 scores were 1.9 points lower (95% CI 0.5–3.3) for telephone-supported cCBT. At 12 months, the results were no longer statistically significant (0.9 PHQ-9 points, 95% CI −0.5 to 2.3). There was improvement in anxiety scores and for somatic complaints.ConclusionsTelephone facilitation of cCBT improves engagement and expedites depression improvement. The effect was small to moderate and comparable with other low-intensity psychological interventions.
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da Silva Malone, Camila Francieli, Janaína Rigonato, Haywood Dail Laughinghouse, Éder Carlos Schmidt, Zenilda Laurita Bouzon, Annick Wilmotte, Marli Fátima Fiore, and Célia Leite Sant'Anna. "Cephalothrix gen. nov. (Cyanobacteria): towards an intraspecific phylogenetic evaluation by multilocus analyses." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_9 (September 1, 2015): 2993–3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000369.
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For more than a decade, the taxonomy of the Phormidiaceae has been problematic, since morphologically similar organisms represent phylogenetically distinct entities. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, the polyphyletic genus Phormidium and other gas-vacuolated oscillatorioids appear scattered throughout the cyanobacterial tree of life. Recently, several studies have focused on understanding the oscillatorioid taxa at the generic level. At the specific level, few studies have characterized cyanobacterial strains using combined datasets (morphology, ultrastructure and molecular multilocus analyses). Using a multifaceted approach, we propose a new, well-defined genus, Cephalothrix gen. nov., by analysing seven filamentous strains that are morphologically ‘intermediate’ between gas-vacuolated taxa and Phormidium. Furthermore, we characterize two novel species: Cephalothrix komarekiana sp. nov. (strains CCIBt 3277, CCIBt 3279, CCIBt 3523, CCALA 155, SAG 75.79 and UTEX 1580) and Cephalothrix lacustris sp. nov. (strain CCIBt 3261). The generic name and specific epithets are proposed under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.
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Jonassaint, Charles R., Chaeryon Kang, Kemar V. Prussien, Janet Yarboi, Maureen S. Sanger, J. Deanna Wilson, Laura De Castro, Nirmish Shah, and Urmimala Sarkar. "Feasibility of implementing mobile technology-delivered mental health treatment in routine adult sickle cell disease care." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby107.
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Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe hemoglobinopathy characterized by acute and chronic pain. Sufferers of the disease, most of whom are underrepresented minorities, are at increased risk for mental health disorders. The purpose of this study is to test the acceptability and implementation of a computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) intervention, Beating the Blues, to improve depression, anxiety, and pain in patients with SCD. Adults with SCD and significant symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] score ≥ 10) or anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale [GAD-7] score ≥ 10) were eligible to participate and be randomized to either receive eight sessions of cCBT with care coach support or treatment as usual. Participants reported daily pain and mood symptoms using a mobile diary app. Depression, anxiety, and pain symptoms were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months. Thirty patients were enrolled: 18 to cCBT, and 12 to control. The cCBT intervention was feasible to implement in clinical settings and acceptable to participants. Patients in the cCBT arm reported a marginally greater decrease in depression at 6 months (−3.82, SE = 1.30) than those in the control group (−0.50, SE = 1.60; p = .06). There were no significant effects of treatment on anxiety; however, cCBT was associated with improved daily pain reported via a mobile diary app (p = .014). cCBT, delivered via mobile device, is a feasible strategy to provide mental health care to adults living with SCD. cCBT was acceptable to the target population; was able to be implemented in real-world, nonideal conditions; and has the potential to improve patient-reported outcomes.
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Brabyn, Sally, Ricardo Araya, Michael Barkham, Peter Bower, Cindy Cooper, Ana Duarte, David Kessler, et al. "The second Randomised Evaluation of the Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and Acceptability of Computerised Therapy (REEACT-2) trial: does the provision of telephone support enhance the effectiveness of computer-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy? A randomised controlled trial." Health Technology Assessment 20, no. 89 (November 2016): 1–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20890.
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BackgroundComputerised cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) is an efficient form of therapy potentially improving access to psychological care. Indirect evidence suggests that the uptake and effectiveness of cCBT can be increased if facilitated by telephone, but this is not routinely offered in the NHS.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telephone-facilitated free-to-use cCBT [e.g. MoodGYM (National Institute for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia)] with minimally supported cCBT.DesignThis study was a multisite, pragmatic, open, two-arm, parallel-group randomised controlled trial with a concurrent economic evaluation.SettingParticipants were recruited from GP practices in Bristol, Manchester, Sheffield, Hull and the north-east of England.ParticipantsPotential participants were eligible to participate in the trial if they were adults with depression scoring ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).InterventionsParticipants were randomised using a computer-generated random number sequence to receive minimally supported cCBT or telephone-facilitated cCBT. Participants continued with usual general practitioner care.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was self-reported symptoms of depression, as assessed by the PHQ-9 at 4 months post randomisation.Secondary outcomesSecondary outcomes were depression at 12 months and anxiety, somatoform complaints, health utility (as assessed by the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions questionnaire) and resource use at 4 and 12 months.ResultsClinical effectiveness: 182 participants were randomised to minimally supported cCBT and 187 participants to telephone-facilitated cCBT. There was a difference in the severity of depression at 4 and 12 months, with lower levels in the telephone-facilitated group. The odds of no longer being depressed (defined as a PHQ-9 score of < 10) at 4 months were twice as high in the telephone-facilitated cCBT group [odds ratio (OR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23 to 3.42]. The benefit of telephone-facilitated cCBT was no longer significant at 12 months (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.71). At 4 months the between-group difference in PHQ-9 scores was 1.9 (95% CI 0.5 to 3.3). At 12 months the results still favoured telephone-facilitated cCBT but were no longer statistically significant, with a difference in PHQ-9 score of 0.9 (95% CI –0.5 to 2.3). When considering the whole follow-up period, telephone-facilitated cCBT was asssociated with significantly lower PHQ-9 scores than minimally supported cCBT (mean difference –1.41, 95% CI –2.63 to –0.17;p = 0.025). There was a significant improvement in anxiety scores over the trial period (between-group difference 1.1, 95% CI 0.1 to 2.3;p = 0.037). In the case of somatic complaints (assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-15), there was a borderline statistically significant difference over the trial period (between-group difference 1.1, 95% CI 0.0 to 1.8;p = 0.051). There were gains in quality-adjusted life-years at reduced cost when telephone facilitation was added to MoodGYM. However, the results were subject to uncertainty.ConclusionsThe results showed short-term benefits from the addition of telephone facilitation to cCBT. The effect was small to moderate and comparable with that of other primary care psychological interventions. Telephone facilitation should be considered when offering cCBT for depression.LimitationsParticipants’ depression was assessed with the PHQ-9, cCBT use was quite low and there was a slightly greater than anticipated loss to follow-up.Future research recommendationsImprove the acceptability of cCBT and its capacity to address coexisting disorders. Large-scale pragmatic trials of cCBT with bibliotherapy and telephone-based interventions are required.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN55310481.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 89. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Souza, G. N., J. R. F. Brito, E. C. Moreira, M. A. V. P. Brito, and R. R. Bastos. "Fatores de risco associados à alta contagem de células somáticas do leite do tanque em rebanhos leiteiros da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 57, suppl 2 (September 2005): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352005000800018.
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Características do rebanho e práticas de manejo associadas à contagem de células somáticas do leite do tanque (CCSLT) foram estudadas em 175 rebanhos envolvidos em programas de acompanhamento entre junho de 2000 e dezembro de 2001. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de aplicação de questionários. Os rebanhos foram classificados em dois grupos de acordo com a média geométrica de seis CCSLT mensais, consecutivas, tendo como referência o valor de 500.000 células/ml. Os métodos estatísticos utilizados foram a análise exploratória dos dados e os modelos logísticos de regressão. Procedimentos relacionados ao controle e à prevenção de mastite foram adotados por pequeno número de rebanhos. O tipo de ordenha (manual, mecânica canalizada e balde-ao-pé), a idade média dos rebanhos, o local de ordenha e a realização de exames dos primeiros jatos de leite não foram associados à alta CCSLT. Os fatores associados à alta CCSLT foram a não adoção de linha de ordenha, a alimentação durante a ordenha e a ausência de anti-sepsia dos tetos após a ordenha.
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de Graaf, L. E., S. A. H. Gerhards, A. Arntz, H. Riper, J. F. M. Metsemakers, S. M. A. A. Evers, J. L. Severens, G. Widdershoven, and M. J. H. Huibers. "Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomised trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 195, no. 1 (July 2009): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054429.
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BackgroundComputerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT) might offer a solution to the current undertreatment of depression.AimsTo determine the clinical effectiveness of online, unsupported CCBT for depression in primary care.MethodThree hundred and three people with depression were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Colour Your Life; treatment as usual (TAU) by a general practitioner; or Colour Your Life and TAU combined. Colour Your Life is an online, multimedia, interactive CCBT programme. No assistance was offered. We had a 6-month follow-up period.ResultsNo significant differences in outcome between the three interventions were found in the intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses.ConclusionsOnline, unsupported CCBT did not outperform usual care, and the combination of both did not have additional effects. Decrease in depressive symptoms in people with moderate to severe depression was moderate in all three interventions. Online CCBT without support is not beneficial for all individuals with depression.
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Wickersham, Alice, Tamara Barack, Lauren Cross, and Johnny Downs. "Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): e29842. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29842.
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Background Depression and anxiety are major public health concerns among adolescents. Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) has emerged as a potential intervention, but its efficacy in adolescents remains unestablished. Objective This review aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze findings on the efficacy of cCBT for the treatment of adolescent depression and anxiety. Methods Embase, PsycINFO, and Ovid MEDLINE were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials in English, which investigated the efficacy of cCBT for reducing self-reported depression or anxiety in adolescents aged 11 to 19 years. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened for eligibility by 2 independent researchers (TB and LC). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool the effects of cCBT on depression and anxiety symptom scores compared with the control groups. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Results A total of 16 randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion in this review, of which 13 (81%) were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was mixed, with 5 (31%) studies rated as good overall, 2 (13%) rated as fair, and 9 (56%) rated as poor. Small but statistically significant effects of cCBT were detected, with cCBT conditions showing lower symptom scores at follow-up compared with control conditions for both anxiety (standardized mean difference −0.21, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.09; I2=36.2%) and depression (standardized mean difference −0.23, 95% CI −0.39 to −0.07; I2=59.5%). Secondary analyses suggested that cCBT may be comparable with alternative, active interventions (such as face-to-face therapy or treatment as usual). Conclusions This meta-analysis reinforces the efficacy of cCBT for the treatment of anxiety and depression and is the first to examine this exclusively in adolescents. Future research could aim to identify the active components of these interventions toward optimizing their development and increasing the feasibility and acceptability of cCBT in this age group. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42019141941; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=141941
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Liu, Zhifen, Dan Qiao, Yifan Xu, Wentao Zhao, Yang Yang, Dan Wen, Xinrong Li, et al. "The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19: Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): e26883. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26883.
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Background The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19 is higher than usual. Previous studies have shown that there are drug-to-drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs and antidepressants. Therefore, an effective and safe treatment method was needed. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line psychological therapy in clinical treatment. Computerized CBT (cCBT) was proven to be an effective alternative to CBT and does not require face-to-face therapy between a therapist and the patient, which suited the COVID-19 pandemic response. Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the cCBT program we developed in improving depressive and anxiety symptoms among patients with COVID-19. Methods We customized a cCBT program focused on improving depressive and anxiety symptoms among patients with COVID-19, and then, we assessed its effectiveness. Screening was based on symptoms of depression or anxiety for patients who scored ≥7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17) or the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). A total of 252 patients with COVID-19 at five sites were randomized into two groups: cCBT + treatment as usual (TAU; n=126) and TAU without cCBT (n=126). The cCBT + TAU group received the cCBT intervention program for 1 week. The primary efficacy measures were the HAMD17 and HAMA scores. The secondary outcome measures were the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Assessments were carried out pre- and postintervention. The patients’ symptoms of anxiety and depression in one of the centers were assessed again within 1 month after the postintervention assessment. Results The cCBT + TAU group displayed a significantly decreased score on the HAMD17, HAMA, SDS, SAS, and AIS after the intervention compared to the TAU group (all P<.001). A mixed-effects repeated measures model revealed significant improvement in symptoms of depression (HAMD17 and SDS scores, both P<.001), anxiety (HAMA and SAS scores, both P<.001), and insomnia (AIS score, P=.002) during the postintervention and follow-up periods in the cCBT + TAU group. Additionally, the improvement of insomnia among females (P=.14) and those with middle school education (P=.48) in the cCBT + TAU group showed no significant differences when compared to the TAU group. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the cCBT program we developed was an effective nonpharmacological treatment for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among patients with COVID-19. Further research is warranted to investigate the long-term effects of cCBT for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in patients with COVID-19. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000030084; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=49952
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Jonassaint, Charles R., Patrice Gibbs, Bea Herbeck Belnap, Jordan F. Karp, Kaleab Z. Abebe, and Bruce L. Rollman. "Engagement and outcomes for a computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention for anxiety and depression in African Americans." BJPsych Open 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003657.
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BackgroundComputerised cognitive-behavioural therapy (CCBT) helps improve mental health outcomes in White populations. However, no studies have examined whether CCBT is acceptable and beneficial for African Americans.AimsWe studied differences in CCBT use and self-reported change in depression and anxiety symptoms among 91 African Americans and 499 White primary care patients aged 18–75, enrolled in a randomised clinical trial of collaborative care embedded with an online treatment for depression and anxiety.MethodPatients with moderate levels of mood and/or anxiety symptoms (PHQ-9 or GAD-7≥10) were randomised to receive either care-manager-guided access to the proven-effective Beating the Blues® CCBT programme or usual care from their primary care doctor.ResultsCompared with White participants, African Americans were less likely to start the CCBT programme (P=0.01), and those who did completed fewer sessions and were less likely to complete the full programme (P=0.03). Despite lower engagement, however, African Americans who started the CCBT programme experienced a greater decrease in self-reported depressive symptoms (estimated 8-session change: −6.6 v. −5.5; P=0.06) and similar decrease in anxiety symptoms (−5.3 v. −5.6; P=0.80) compared with White participants.ConclusionsCCBT may be an efficient and scalable first-step to improving minority mental health and reducing disparities in access to evidence-based healthcare.
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Leung, Lucinda B., Karen E. Dyer, Elizabeth M. Yano, Alexander S. Young, Lisa V. Rubenstein, and Alison B. Hamilton. "Collaborative care clinician perceptions of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in primary care." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 3 (June 2020): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz122.
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Abstract In Veterans Health Administration’s (VA) Primary Care–Mental Health Integration (PC-MHI) models, primary care providers, care managers, and mental health clinicians collaboratively provide depression care. Primary care patients, however, still lack timely, sufficient access to psychotherapy treatment. Adapting PC-MHI collaborative care to improve uptake of evidence-based computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) may be a potential solution. Understanding primary care-based mental health clinician perspectives is crucial for facilitating adoption of cCBT as part of collaborative depression care. We examined PC-MHI mental health clinicians’ perspectives on adapting collaborative care models to support cCBT for VA primary care patients. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with PC-MHI nurse care managers, licensed social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists in one VA health-care system. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded using the constant comparative method, and analyzed for overarching themes. Although cCBT awareness and knowledge were not widespread, participants were highly accepting of enhancing PC-MHI models with cCBT for depression treatment. Participants supported cCBT delivery by a PC-MHI care manager or clinician and saw it as an additional tool to engage patients, particularly younger Veterans, in mental health treatment. They commented that current VA PC-MHI models did not facilitate, and had barriers to, use of online and mobile treatments. If effectively implemented, however, respondents thought it had potential to increase the number of patients they could treat. There is widespread interest in modernizing health systems. VA PC-MHI mental health clinicians appear open to adapting collaborative care to increase uptake of cCBT to improve psychotherapy access.
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TEMELSO, BERHANE, NANCY A. RICHARDSON, LEVENT SARI, YUKIO YAMAGUCHI та HENRY F. SCHAEFER. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE $\tilde{X}\,^2 \Pi$ AND Ã2Σ+ ELECTRONIC STATES OF THE PHOSPHAETHYNE CATION (HCP+)". Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 04, spec01 (січень 2005): 707–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633605001738.
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The electronic ground state [Formula: see text] and first excited state (Ã2Σ+) of phosphaethyne cation (HCP+) have been systematically investigated using ab initio electronic structure theory. The total energies, geometries, rotational constants, dipole moments, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and parameters for Renner–Teller splittings were determined using self-consistent-field (SCF), configuration interaction with single and double excitations (CISD), coupled cluster (CC) with single and double excitations (CCSD), CCSD with perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], CC with single, double, and iterative partial triple excitations (CCSDT-3), and CC with single, double, and full triple excitations (CCSDT) methods and eight different basis sets. Some of the largest full triples coupled cluster computations to date are reported. Degenerate bending frequencies for the Ã2Σ+ state were determined using the equation-of-motion (EOM)-CCSD technique. The two states have been confirmed to have linear equilibrium structures. At the full CCSDT level of theory with the correlation-consistent polarized valence quadruple zeta (cc-pVQZ) basis set, the classical [Formula: see text] splitting ( T e value) is predicted to be 47.7 kcal/mol (2.07 eV, 16,700 cm-1) and the quantum mechanical splitting (T0 value) to be 48.1 kcal/mol (2.08 eV, 16,800 cm-1), which are in excellent agreement with the experimental values of T e = 47.77 kcal/mol (2.072 eV , 16,708 cm -1) and T0 = 47.94 kcal/mol (2.079 eV, 16,766 cm-1). The excitation energies predicted by the CCSDT-3 and CCSD(T) methods differ from the full triples CCSDT result by 0.38 and 0.45 kcal/mol, respectively. With the aug-cc-pVQZ CCSDT-3 method the Renner parameter and the averaged harmonic bending vibrational frequency are determined to be ∊= -0.0390 and [Formula: see text] for the ground state of HCP+, which are reasonably consistent with the experimental values of ∊=-0.0415 and [Formula: see text]. The predicted dipole moments are 1.30 Debye ([Formula: see text] state, polarity-hydrogen atom positive) and 0.06 Debye (Ã2Σ+ state, polarity-phosphorus atom positive).
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Stallard, Paul, Thomas Richardson, Sophie Velleman, and Megan Attwood. "Computerized CBT (Think, Feel, Do) for Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Outcomes and Feedback from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 39, no. 3 (January 28, 2011): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581000086x.
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Background: Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) for depression and anxiety in adults, but there has been little work with children and adolescents. Aims: To describe the development of a cCBT intervention (Think, Feel, Do) for young people, and preliminary outcomes and feedback from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Method: Twenty participants aged 11 to 16 with depression or anxiety were randomized to receive cCBT immediately or after a delay. Standardized measures were used to assess self-reported anxiety, depression, self-esteem and cognitions, as well as parent rated strengths and difficulties. A feedback form was also completed to assess young people's views of the programme. Results: A total of 15 participants completed the pre and post assessments in the trial, and 17 provided feedback on the intervention. Paired samples t-tests demonstrated significant improvements on 3 subscales in the control condition, compared to 7 subscales in the cCBT condition. Feedback showed moderate to high satisfaction for participants. Conclusions: This study provides encouraging preliminary results for the effectiveness and acceptability of cCBT with this age group.
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Gellatly, Judith, Leanne Chisnall, Nic Seccombe, Kathryn Ragan, Nicola Lidbetter, and Kate Cavanagh. "@Home eTherapy Service for People with Common Mental Health Problems: an Evaluation." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000297.
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Background: Ensuring rapid access to psychological interventions is a priority of mental health services. The involvement of peer workers to support the delivery of more accessible treatment options such as computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) is recognized. Aims: To evaluate the implementation of a third sector remote CCBT @Home eTherapy service for people experiencing common mental health problems supported by individuals with lived experience. Method: Supported CCBT packages with telephone support were delivered over a 30-month period. Self-complete measures identifying levels of depression, anxiety and functioning were administered at each treatment appointment. Results: Over 2000 people were referred to the @Home eTherapy service; two-thirds attended an initial assessment and 53.4% of referrals assigned to CCBT completed treatment. Statistically significant improvements in anxiety, depression and functioning were found, with 61.6% of treated clients meeting recovery criteria. Conclusions: The service meets Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) key performance targets, and is comparable to other IAPT services using CCBT. Evidence for the successful implementation of such a service by a third sector organization is provided.
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Liu, Qiu Xiang, Xin Gui Tang, Yan Ping Jiang, and F. L. Dong. "The Dielectric Characteristics of Sr and Mg Doped CCTO Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.416.
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Two kinds ceramics of pure CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and Sr/Mg doped (Ca0.25Cu0.75)0.5Sr0.5TiO3 + xMgO (x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, denoted as CCST-M-1, CCST-M-3, CCST-M-5, CCST-M-10, respectively) were prepared using the traditional solid phase reaction method. The dielectric properties were measured by HP 4194A Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer with the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1MHz. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss tangent were measured for different frequencies. The variation relation of the critical temperature with the frequency was fitted theoretically which is in agreement with the Arrhenius law for pure CCTO. According to a variable power law to describe the paraelectric dielectric constant of ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transitions, the theoretical fitting was carried out for doped samples, and it was suggested that all doped samples exhibited the Debye-like relaxation. Among the doped and pure CCTO samples, CCST-M-1 was of the lowest dielectric loss at the whole measurement frequency, and whose I–V response curve was nonlinear suggesting a non-ohmic contact. The complex-impedance analysis results showed that the reduction in dielectric loss of CCST-M-1 sample can be attributed to the increase of grain boundary resistance. It is expect that these results are helpful to promote the CCTO-related materials to practical applications.
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Musiat, P., and N. Tarrier. "Collateral outcomes in e-mental health: a systematic review of the evidence for added benefits of computerized cognitive behavior therapy interventions for mental health." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 15 (February 19, 2014): 3137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000245.
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Background.E-mental health is a growing research field and an increasing number of computerized cognitive behavior therapy (cCBT) interventions are available for numerous mental health issues. Such interventions are often claimed to have added benefits, or collateral outcomes, when compared with traditional delivery platforms. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence of the cost-effectiveness, geographic flexibility, time flexibility, waiting time for treatment, stigma, therapist time, effects on help-seeking and treatment satisfaction of cCBT interventions for mental health.Method.The electronic databases Medline and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed controlled trials investigating collateral outcomes in computerized and internet-based CBT.Results.The literature search identified 101 published papers (95 studies), which were included in this review. The results suggest that cCBT interventions are cost-effective and often cheaper than usual care. Limited evidence was found with regard to geographic flexibility, time flexibility, waiting time for treatment, stigma and the effects on help-seeking. Personal support in cCBT was found to take many forms, was not limited only to therapists, and seemed to increase treatment adherence and reduce attrition. Treatment satisfaction with cCBT was found to be high, but more research on attrition due to dissatisfaction is required.Conclusions.Although the results of this systematic review on the collateral outcomes provide support for the potential of cCBT, these outcomes need to be better assessed within individual e-mental health studies.
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Titov, Nickolai, Gavin Andrews, Isabella Choi, Genevieve Schwencke, and Alison Mahoney. "Shyness 3: Randomized Controlled Trial of Guided Versus Unguided Internet-Based CBT for Social Phobia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 12 (January 1, 2008): 1030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107.
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Objective: In two previous randomized controlled trials Titov et al. demonstrated significant benefit from an Internet- and email-based treatment programme for social phobia. The present study (Shyness 3) explores whether participants are able to complete this programme independently. Method: A total of 98 individuals with social phobia were randomly assigned to a clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural treatment (CaCCBT) group, a self-guided computerized CBT (CCBT) group, or to a waitlist control group. CaCCBT group participants completed the usual Shyness programme consisting of six online lessons, cognitive behavioural homework assignments, email contact with a therapist, and participation in an online discussion forum. CCBT group participants accessed the same resources except for therapist emails. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. Results: A total of 77% of CaCCBT and 33% of CCBT group participants completed all lessons. Significant differences were found after treatment between CaCCBT and control groups (mean between-groups effect size (ES) for the social phobia measures = 1.04), and between the CaCCBT and CCBT groups (mean between-groups ES for the social phobia measures = 0.66). No significant differences were found after treatment between the CCBT and control groups (mean between-groups ES for the social phobia measures = 0.38). CCBT participants, however, who completed the six lessons made good progress (mean within-group ES for the social phobia measures = 0.62). Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that both the CaCCBT and CCBT procedures were acceptable to participants. Conclusions: The reliability of this Internet-based treatment programme for social phobia has been confirmed. The therapist-guided condition was superior to the self-guided condition, but a subgroup of participants still benefited considerably from the latter. These data confirm that self-guided education or treatment programmes for common anxiety disorders can result in significant improvements.
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Kaltenthaler, E., P. Sutcliffe, G. Parry, C. Beverley, A. Rees, and M. Ferriter. "The acceptability to patients of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy for depression: a systematic review." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 11 (January 21, 2008): 1521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707002607.
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BackgroundCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is widely used to treat depression. However, CBT is not always available to patients because of a shortage of therapists and long waiting times. Computerized CBT (CCBT) is one of several alternatives currently available to treat patients with depression. Evidence of its clinical effectiveness has led to programs being used increasingly within the UK and elsewhere. However, little information is available regarding the acceptability of CCBT to patients.MethodA systematic review of sources of information on acceptability to patients of CCBT for depression.ResultsSources of information on acceptability included: recruitment rates, patient drop-outs and patient-completed questionnaires. We identified 16 studies of CCBT for the treatment of depression that provided at least some information on these sources. Limited information was provided on patient take-up rates and recruitment methods. Drop-out rates were comparable to other forms of treatment. Take-up rates, when reported, were much lower. Six of the 16 studies included specific questions on patient acceptability or satisfaction although information was only provided for those who had completed treatment. Several studies have reported positive expectancies and high satisfaction in routine care CCBT services for those completing treatment.ConclusionsTrials of CCBT should include more detailed information on patient recruitment methods, drop-out rates and reasons for dropping out. It is important that well-designed surveys and qualitative studies are included alongside trials to determine levels and determinants of patient acceptability.
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Kaltenthaler, Eva, Glenys Parry, Catherine Beverley, and Michael Ferriter. "Computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression: systematic review." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 3 (September 2008): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025981.
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BackgroundComputerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT) is used for treating depression and provides a potentially useful alternative to therapist cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT).AimsTo systematically review the evidence for the effectiveness of CCBT for the treatment of mild to moderate depression.MethodElectronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials. Selected studies were quality assessed and data extracted by two reviewers.ResultsFour studies of three computer software packages met the inclusion criteria. Comparators were treatment as usual, using a depression education website and an attention placebo.ConclusionsThere is some evidence to support the effectiveness of CCBT for the treatment of depression. However, all studies were associated with considerable drop-out rates and little evidence was presented regarding participants' preferences and the acceptability of the therapy. More research is needed to determine the place of CCBT in the potential range of treatment options offered to individuals with depression.
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Littlewood, Elizabeth, Ana Duarte, Catherine Hewitt, Sarah Knowles, Stephen Palmer, Simon Walker, Phil Andersen, et al. "A randomised controlled trial of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for the treatment of depression in primary care: the Randomised Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Acceptability of Computerised Therapy (REEACT) trial." Health Technology Assessment 19, no. 101 (December 2015): 1–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta191010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundComputerised cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) has been developed as an efficient form of therapy delivery with the potential to enhance access to psychological care. Independent research is needed which examines both the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cCBT over the short and longer term.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cCBT as an adjunct to usual general practitioner (GP) care against usual GP care alone, for a free-to-use cCBT program (MoodGYM; National Institute for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia) and a commercial pay-to-use cCBT program (Beating the Blues®; Ultrasis, London, UK) for adults with depression, and to determine the acceptability of cCBT and the experiences of users.DesignA pragmatic, multicentre, three-armed, parallel, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with concurrent economic and qualitative evaluations. Simple randomisation was used. Participants and researchers were not blind to treatment allocation.SettingPrimary care in England.ParticipantsAdults with depression who scored ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).InterventionsParticipants who were randomised to either of the two intervention groups received cCBT (Beating the Blues or MoodGYM) in addition to usual GP care. Participants who were randomised to the control group were offered usual GP care.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was depression at 4 months (PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes were depression at 12 and 24 months; measures of mental health and health-related quality of life at 4, 12 and 24 months; treatment preference; and the acceptability of cCBT and experiences of users.ResultsClinical effectiveness:210 patients were randomised to Beating the Blues, 242 patients were randomised to MoodGYM and 239 patients were randomised to usual GP care (total 691). There was no difference in the primary outcome (depression measured at 4 months) either between Beating the Blues and usual GP care [odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75 to 1.88] or between MoodGYM and usual GP care (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.56). There was no overall difference across all time points for either intervention compared with usual GP care in a mixed model (Beating the Blues versus usual GP care,p = 0.96; and MoodGYM versus usual GP care,p = 0.11). However, a small but statistically significant difference between MoodGYM and usual GP care at 12 months was found (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93). Free-to-use cCBT (MoodGYM) was not inferior to pay-to-use cCBT (Beating the Blues) (OR 0.91, 90% CI 0.62 to 1.34;p = 0.69). There were no consistent benefits of either intervention when secondary outcomes were examined. There were no serious adverse events thought likely to be related to the trial intervention. Despite the provision of regular technical telephone support, there was low uptake of the cCBT programs.Cost-effectiveness:cost-effectiveness analyses suggest that neither Beating the Blues nor MoodGYM appeared cost-effective compared with usual GP care alone.Qualitative evaluation:participants were often demotivated to access the computer programs, by reason of depression. Some expressed the view that a greater level of therapeutic input would be needed to promote engagement.ConclusionsThe benefits that have previously been observed in developer-led trials were not found in this large pragmatic RCT. The benefits of cCBT when added to routine primary care were minimal, and uptake of this mode of therapy was relatively low. There remains a clinical and economic need for effective low-intensity psychological treatments for depression with improved patient engagement.Trial registrationThis trial is registered as ISRCTN91947481.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Johnson, Sara, and Tessa Hinshaw. "Dropping out from cCBT: An investigation of non-completion of beating the blues." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 227 (November 2011): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2011.1.227.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High drop-out rates are commonly recorded when cCBT is evaluated in routine practice. This small-scale service evaluation study aimed to examine the factors associated with dropping out of cCBT, and evaluate outcome and user feedback in completer and drop-out groups.
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Halkier, Asger, Poul Jørgensen, Jürgen Gauss, and Trygve Helgaker. "CCSDT calculations of molecular equilibrium geometries." Chemical Physics Letters 274, no. 1-3 (August 1997): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00652-0.
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