Статті в журналах: "Cattle Genetics"

1

Pirchner, F. "The Genetics of Cattle." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 117, no. 6 (December 2000): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0388.2000.00259.x.

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2

Willis, Malcolm B. "The Genetics of Cattle." Heredity 84, no. 1 (January 2000): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.0696b.x.

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3

Edwards, J. H. "The genetics of cattle." Journal of Genetics 80, no. 3 (December 2001): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02717912.

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4

MacHugh, David E., Mark D. Shriver, Ronan T. Loftus, Patrick Cunningham, and Daniel G. Bradley. "Microsatellite DNA Variation and the Evolution, Domestication and Phylogeography of Taurine and Zebu Cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus)." Genetics 146, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 1071–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.3.1071.

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Genetic variation at 20 microsatellite loci was surveyed to determine the evolutionary relationships and molecular biogeography of 20 different cattle populations from Africa, Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic reconstruction and multivariate analysis highlighted a marked distinction between humpless (taurine) and humped (zebu) cattle, providing strong support for a separate origin for domesticated zebu cattle. A molecular clock calculation using bison (Bison sp.) as an outgroup gave an estimated divergence time between the two subspecies of 610,000-850,000 years. Substantial differences in the distribution of alleles at 10 of these loci were observed between zebu and taurine cattle. These markers subsequently proved very useful for investigations of gene flow and admixture in African populations. When these data were considered in conjunction with previous mitochondrial and Y chromosomal studies, a distinctive male-mediated pattern of zebu genetic introgression was revealed. The introgression of zebu-specific alleles in African cattle afforded a high resolution perspective on the hybrid nature of African cattle populations and also suggested that certain West African populations of valuable disease-tolerant taurine cattle are under threat of genetic absorption by migrating zebu herds.

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5

Stock, Frauke, and Diane Gifford-Gonzalez. "Genetics and African Cattle Domestication." African Archaeological Review 30, no. 1 (March 2013): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-013-9131-6.

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6

Bradley, Daniel G., Ronan T. Loftus, Patrick Cunningham, and David E. MacHugh. "Genetics and domestic cattle origins." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 6, no. 3 (1998): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1998)6:3<79::aid-evan2>3.0.co;2-r.

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7

Bishop, M. D., S. M. Kappes, J. W. Keele, R. T. Stone, S. L. Sunden, G. A. Hawkins, S. S. Toldo, R. Fries, M. D. Grosz, and J. Yoo. "A genetic linkage map for cattle." Genetics 136, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/136.2.619.

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Abstract We report the most extensive physically anchored linkage map for cattle produced to date. Three-hundred thirteen genetic markers ordered in 30 linkage groups, anchored to 24 autosomal chromosomes (n = 29), the X and Y chromosomes, four unanchored syntenic groups and two unassigned linkage groups spanning 2464 cM of the bovine genome are summarized. The map also assigns 19 type I loci to specific chromosomes and/or syntenic groups and four cosmid clones containing informative microsatellites to chromosomes 13, 25 and 29 anchoring syntenic groups U11, U7 and U8, respectively. This map provides the skeletal framework prerequisite to development of a comprehensive genetic map for cattle and analysis of economic trait loci (ETL).

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8

Mannen, H., S. Tsuji, R. T. Loftus, and D. G. Bradley. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Evolution of Japanese Black Cattle (Bos taurus)." Genetics 150, no. 3 (November 1, 1998): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/150.3.1169.

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Abstract This article describes complete mitochondrial DNA displacement loop sequences from 32 Japanese Black cattle and the analysis of these data in conjunction with previously published sequences from African, European, and Indian subjects. The origins of North East Asian domesticated cattle are unclear. The earliest domestic cattle in the region were Bos taurus and may have been domesticated from local wild cattle (aurochsen; B. primigenius), or perhaps had an origin in migrants from the early domestic center of the Near East. In phylogenetic analyses, taurine sequences form a dense tree with a center consisting of intermingled European and Japanese sequences with one group of Japanese and another of all African sequences, each forming distinct clusters at extremes of the phylogeny. This topology and calibrated levels of sequence divergence suggest that the clusters may represent three different strains of ancestral aurochs, adopted at geographically and temporally separate stages of the domestication process. Unlike Africa, half of Japanese cattle sequences are topologically intermingled with the European variants. This suggests an interchange of variants that may be ancient, perhaps a legacy of the first introduction of domesticates to East Asia.

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9

Crow, J. F. "Erwin Schrödinger and the hornless cattle problem." Genetics 130, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/130.2.237.

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10

Vermeersch, A., and G. Opsomer. "Digital dermatitis in cattle." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 88, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v88i5.15996.

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Digital dermatitis or Mortellaro’s disease is a highly prevalent bovine dermatological disorder situated in the foot region that causes lameness and impairs animal welfare. In this first part of a twin paper, the role of genetics, immunity, bacteria and hygiene in the development of this complex disease are described. There is still no consensus regarding the role of the immune system and the typically isolated Treponema spp. in the pathogenesis of digital dermatitis. Moisture and dirt are undoubtedly important for disease transmission in and between dairy farms; furthermore, the genetic component of the disease will be more deeply discussed.

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11

Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G., Nelson Bermudez, Martha Olivera-Angel, Luzardo Estrada, Jorge Ossa, Gabriel Bedoya, and Andrés Ruiz-Linares. "Abundant mtDNA Diversity and Ancestral Admixture in Colombian criollo Cattle (Bos taurus)." Genetics 165, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 1457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.3.1457.

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Abstract Various cattle populations in the Americas (known as criollo breeds) have an origin in some of the first livestock introduced to the continent early in the colonial period (16th and 17th centuries). These cattle constitute a potentially important genetic reserve as they are well adapted to local environments and show considerable variation in phenotype. To examine the genetic ancestry and diversity of Colombian criollo we obtained mitochondrial DNA control region sequence information for 110 individuals from seven breeds. Old World haplogroup T3 is the most commonly observed CR lineage in criollo (0.65), in agreement with a mostly European ancestry for these cattle. However, criollo also shows considerable frequencies of haplogroups T2 (0.9) and T1 (0.26), with T1 lineages in criollo being more diverse than those reported for West Africa. The distribution and diversity of Old World lineages suggest some North African ancestry for criollo, probably as a result of the Arab occupation of Iberia prior to the European migration to the New World. The mtDNA diversity of criollo is higher than that reported for European and African cattle and is consistent with a differentiated ancestry for some criollo breeds.

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12

Murdoch, Brenda M., and Gordon K. Murdoch. "Genetics of Prion Disease in Cattle." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 9S4 (January 2015): BBI.S29678. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s29678.

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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a prion disease that is invariably fatal in cattle and has been implicated as a significant human health risk. As a transmissible disease of livestock, it has impacted food safety, production practices, global trade, and profitability. Genetic polymorphisms that alter the prion protein in humans and sheep are associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy susceptibility or resistance. In contrast, there is no strong evidence that nonsynonymous mutations in the bovine prion gene (PRNP) are associated with classical BSE (C-BSE) disease susceptibility, though two bovine PRNP insertion/deletion polymorphisms, in the putative region, are associated with susceptibility to C-BSE. However, these associations do not explain the full extent of BSE susceptibility, and loci outside of PRNP appear to be associated with disease incidence in some cattle populations. This article provides a review of the current state of genetic knowledge regarding prion diseases in cattle.

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13

Crow, James F. "A Golden Anniversary: Cattle Twins and Immune Tolerance." Genetics 144, no. 3 (November 1, 1996): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.3.855.

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14

Decker, Jared E., Troy N. Rowan, Sara Nilson, Harly J. Durbin, Camila U. Braz, Robert D. Schnabel, and Christopher Seabury. "36 Matching cow’s genetics to the environment using genomics." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.067.

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Abstract Cattle poorly adapted to their environment result in lost revenue and jeopardize the stability of the food supply. Genomic data now allows us to rigorously analyze adaptations and avoid the generation of animals that will not thrive. We used selection scans for local adaptation, genotype-by-environment genome-wide association analyses, creation of hair shedding genomic predictions and environmental region-specific genomic predictions of growth traits to characterize and predict local adaptation in beef cattle. Analyzing ~40,000 cattle from three breed associations with ~850,000 high-accuracy imputed SNPs, we used novel selection mapping methods to identify genomic loci responsible for adaptation. We identify 19 different loci (harboring 24 annotated genes) as responding to selection to local adaptation. In cooperation with 74 producers across the United States, over 12,000 cattle were scored on a scale of 1–5 for the early-summer hair shedding phenotype in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Participating cattle were genotyped using the GGP-F250 SNP panel developed by the University of Missouri, which contains ~170,000 candidate functional variants and ~30,000 variants in common with beef cattle industry standard genotyping assays. Genomic breeding values were generated with a repeated records model using these phenotypes. Further, we identified loci with large allele substitution effects for hair shedding. When local adaptations exist, ranking animals using a regional genetic evaluation will be different from national cattle evaluations. We developed region-specific genomic predictions using a multivariate model in which phenotypes from different regions were fit as separate dependent variables. Genetic correlations between regions were moderate, indicating substantial re-ranking between environmental regions. These genomic predictions will allow rapid identification of cattle best suited to an environment.

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15

Lagziel, A., E. Lipkin, and M. Soller. "Association Between SSCP Haplotypes at the Bovine Growth Hormone Gene and Milk Protein Percentage." Genetics 142, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.3.945.

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Abstract The bovine Growth Hormone gene (bGH) is an attractive candidate gene for milk production in cattle. Single-strand conformation polymorphisms at bGH were identified and used to define haplotype configurations at this gene in the Israeli Holstein dairy cattle population (Bos taurus) and in the parent animals of the International Bovine Reference Family Panel (a collection of B. taurus and B. indicus crosses). B. taurus and B. indicus haplotypes at the bGH gene differed qualitatively, confirming the previously proposed long evolutionary separation of these cattle subraces. Only a small number of bGH haplotypes were present in the Israel Holstein population. One of the haplotypes, apparently of B. indicus origin, was found to have a highly significant positive effect on milk protein percentage. This illustrates the utility of the haplotype approach for uncovering candidate gene involvement in quantitative genetic variation in agricultural populations. The strong effect of an indicine haplotype in a taurine background raises the possibility that indicine alleles at other candidate genes may comprise a genetic resource for improvement of taurine populations. It is proposed that haplotype analysis may be a useful adjunct to measures of genetic distance for evaluating rare breeds with respect to gene conservation.

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16

Steinborn, Ralf, Pamela Schinogl, David N. Wells, Andreas Bergthaler, Mathias Müller, and Gottfried Brem. "Coexistence ofBos taurusandB. indicusMitochondrial DNAs in Nuclear Transfer-Derived Somatic Cattle Clones." Genetics 162, no. 2 (October 1, 2002): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.2.823.

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AbstractWe investigated the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) composition in one of the largest adult somatic mammalian clones (n = 20) reported so far. The healthy cloned cattle were derived from nuclear transfer of an identical nuclear genetic background (mural granulosa donor cells including surrounding cytoplasm) into enucleated oocytes with either Bos indicus or B. taurus mtDNA. Here we report the first cases of coexisting mtDNAs of two closely related subspecies following nuclear transfer. Heteroplasmy (0.6-2.8%) was found in 4 out of 11 cross-subspecies cloned cattle. Quantitation was performed using “amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) allele-specific real-time PCR.” We determined that the ratio of donor cell to recipient cytoplast mtDNA copy number was 0.9% before nuclear transfer. Therefore, we concluded that the percentage of donor cell mtDNA in the heteroplasmic intersubspecific cloned animals is in accordance with neutral transmission of donor mtDNA. We determined an amino acid sequence divergence of up to 1.3% for the two subspecies-specific mtDNA haplotypes. In addition, intrasubspecific B. indicus heteroplasmy of ∼1% (but up to 7.3 and 12.7% in muscle and follicular cells of one animal) was detected in 7 out of the 9 B. indicus intrasubspecific cloned cattle.

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17

Visscher, Peter M., and Michael E. Goddard. "Cattle gain stature." Nature Genetics 43, no. 5 (April 27, 2011): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.819.

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18

Belikova, A. "Genetics of mastitis resistance in dairy cattle." Genetics and breeding of animals, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-1-47-53.

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Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle that appreciates the enormous losses of farm worldwide. Current treatment and prevention developed at the moment does not guarantee the reliable protection of animals from the disease, given the polyethological nature of mastitis. An important method of combating this problem may be a selection aimed at improving the immunity of livestock to the inflammation of the breast.The purpose of the article was to search and systematize information on genes associated with the sustainability of dairy cattle towards the development of clinical mastitis and SCS in milk, mainly among the Holstein breed. Also, the publication presents data on the genomic assessment of the bull leader 395, obtained on the basis of St. Petersburg University of Veterinary Medicine, in terms of indicators related to the sustainability of the offspring to the Master.The relationship between the markers of high milk productivity and is low-resistant to the mastel, the protein composition of milk and the frequency of the inflammatory processes of udder. The general mechanisms for the formation of immunity, nonspecific resistance and stability to the mastel are illustrated. A correlation is indicated between allele variants of genes regulating cell cycle or modulating autoimmune processes, and the SCS level in milk. When implementing a genomic estimate of the bull, the leader 395 was identified by its potential as an improved indicators such as SCS, mastotustability, the form of udder, the fatness of milk in daughters.

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19

Anderson, Dean M., Rick E. Estell, Alfredo L. Gonzalez, Andres F. Cibils, and L. Allen Torell. "Criollo cattle: Heritage Genetics for Arid Landscapes." Rangelands 37, no. 2 (April 2015): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2015.01.006.

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20

Taberlet, Pierre, Eric Coissac, Johan Pansu, and François Pompanon. "Conservation genetics of cattle, sheep, and goats." Comptes Rendus Biologies 334, no. 3 (March 2011): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.12.007.

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21

Lyons, D. T., A. E. Freeman, and A. L. Kuck. "Genetics of Health Traits in Holstein Cattle." Journal of Dairy Science 74, no. 3 (March 1991): 1092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78260-x.

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22

Yudin, N. S., and D. M. Larkin. "Whole genome studies of origin, selection and adaptation of the Russian cattle breeds." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 23, no. 5 (August 24, 2019): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj19.525.

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Our review presents several recent studies on the genetic history and signatures of selection in genomes of the native Russian cattle breeds. Most of these works are not easily accessible for the Russian-speaking audience. We describe the origins of appearance of the Russian cattle breeds from the genetics perspective. We point to the links between most of the Russian breeds with the taurine breeds of the European origin and for some Russian breeds with the breeds of the Asian origin. We describe major phylogenetic clusters of the Russian breeds and point to those that still maintain their unique genetics, meaning that their preservation is a priority. In addition, we review the results of the search for signatures of selection in genomes of the Russian cattle breeds. Some unique signatures of selection present in the genomes of so-called “turano-mongolian” cattle (i. e. the Yakut cattle) are described which allowed the Yakut cattle to adapt to harsh environments found above the Polar Circle. Signatures of selection which could help other cattle breeds of the Russian origin to adapt to various climatic condition of the Russian Federation are reviewed. The Russian cattle genomes also contain known signatures of selection related to cattle domestication about 8–10 thousand years ago. The most profound ones include genes related to changes of the coat colour. This phenotype in many cases could be related to the distinction of the first domesticated populations and lead to the formation of so-called land races (primitive breeds). Whole-genome association studies of Russian cattle breeds pointed to a novel gene which could be related to the “white-faced” phenotype and to a gene which is related to body temperature support under the acute cold stress. The data presented in our review could be used for identification of genetic markers to focus on in future efforts on designing new highly productive cattle breeds adapted to climates of the Russian Federation and other countries with similar climates.

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23

Mustafa, Hamid, Kim Eiusoo, Huson Heather, Adeela Ajmal, David Riley, Nasser Pasha, Afzal Ali, Khalid Javed, and Tad Sonstegard. "Genome-wide SNPs analysis of indigenous zebu breeds in Pakistan." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 33, no. 1 (2017): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1701013m.

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Prospects of high throughput technology in animal genetics makes easy to investigate hidden genetic variation in farm animal?s genetic resources. However, many SNPs technologies are currently practicing in animal genetics. In this study, we investigated genome wide SNPs variations and its distribution across the indigenous cattle population in Pakistan using Illumina Bovine HD (777K) SNPs bead chip. A total of 136 individuals from ten different breeds were genotyped and after filtration 500, 939 SNPs markers were used for further analysis. The mean minor allele frequency (MAF) was 0.23, 0.20, 0.22, 0.22, 0.20, 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.21 and 0.18 observed for Achi, Bhagnari, Cholistani, Dhanni, Dajal, Kankraj, Lohani, Red sindi, Sahiwal and Tharparkar cattle, respectively. Significant difference (P<0.001) of MAFs were observed in selected population. A common variants minor allele frequency (?0.10 and? 0.5) was estimated (64%). Across all sampled populations 64% SNPs markers were observed polymorphic (MAF>0.05) within breeds and remaining 36% were considered as monomorphic markers. Average observed (Ho) and expected (HE) heterozygosity values 0.662 and 0.640 were estimated among these breeds. In conclusion, this preliminary study results revealed that these SNPs variation level could potentially be used for genetic characterization of zebu cattle breeds and could also be used to estimate genetic potential of these cattle breeds for livestock improvement in country.

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24

Burrow, H. M., and B. M. Bindon. "Genetics research in the Cooperative Research Centre for Cattle and Beef Quality." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 8 (2005): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05069.

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In its first 7-year term, the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for the Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) identified the genetic and non-genetic factors that impacted on beef eating quality. Following this, the CRC for Cattle and Beef Quality was established in 1999 to identify the consequences of improving beef eating quality and feed efficiency by genetic and non-genetic means on traits other than carcass and beef quality. The new CRC also had the responsibility to incorporate results from the first Beef CRC in national schemes such as BREEDPLAN (Australia’s beef genetic evaluation scheme) and Meat Standards Australia (Australia’s unique meat grading scheme that guarantees the eating quality of beef). This paper describes the integrated research programs and their results involving molecular and quantitative genetics, meat science, growth and nutrition and industry economics in the Beef CRC’s second phase (1999–2006) and the rationale for the individual genetics programs established. It summarises the planned scientific and beef industry outcomes from each of these programs and also describes the development and/or refinement by CRC scientists of novel technologies targeting increased genetic gains through enhanced measurement and recording in beef industry herds, thereby ensuring industry use of CRC results.

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25

Kramarenko, A. S. "Genetic structure of the Southern meat cattle breed based on microsatellite markers." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (November 6, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9104.

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The Southern Meat cattle is a composite breed developed by crossing Cuban zebu (Bos indicus) with different cattle breeds (Bos taurus) – local the Red Steppe, Hereford, Charolais, Santa Gertrudis, Dairy Shorthorn. Genetic structure of the Southern meat cattle breed from the State Enterprise Experimental Farm “Askaniyske” NAAS Ukraine (Kherson region) were investigated based on the microsatellite DNA loci. Analysis included 192 animals. A panel of 12 bovine-speciﬁc microsatellite markers (TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA122, INRA23, TGLA126, BM1818, ETH3, ETH225 and BM1824), recommended of the ISAG for cattle genetic diversity studies, was selected for genetic characterization and revealing the extent of genetic diversity in the Southern Meat cattle breed. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue samples using Nexttec column (Nexttec Biotechnology GmbH, Germany) following the manufacturer's instructions. All laboratory tests were conducted in the laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Center of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, All-Russian Research Institute for Animal Husbandry named after academy member L.K. Ernst. We report the distribution and the frequency of a taurine and an indicine specific alleles in the Southern Meat cattle breed using literature data about the Zebu and different cattle breeds genetic structure based on microsatellite loci from our list. It can be assumed that the TGLA22777, BM2113141-143, ETH10209-211, TGLA122149, INRA23194-198, TGLA126123, ETH225156-158-160 alleles among the Southern Meat cattle breed examined individuals were inherited from a B. indicus ancestor. On the other hand, the TGLA53156, ETH10217-219, TGLA122143, INRA23202, TGLA126115, ETH225148-150, BM1824188-190 alleles in the Southern Meat cattle gene pool may be inherited from a B. taurus ancestor (i.e., taurine breeds diagnostic alleles).

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26

GN, Purohit. "Reproductive Biotechnologies in Indian Cattle." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 1 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000149.

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In recent years there have been immense improvements in application of reproductive biotechnologies in ca ttle and include artificial insemination, embryo transfer, ovum pick up and in vitro fertilization, semen sexing, cloning, transgenics and xenotransplantation. The purpose of these technologies had been improvement of the genetics of animals or producing a nimals of benefit to human beings. The application of these technologies in indigenous dairy cows of India had been slow. This manuscript describes the status of some of the reproductive biotechnologies as applied to Indian breeds of cows.

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27

Mauki, David H., Adeniyi C. Adeola, Said I. Ng’ang’a, Abdulfatai Tijjani, Ibikunle Mark Akanbi, Oscar J. Sanke, Abdussamad M. Abdussamad, et al. "Genetic variation of Nigerian cattle inferred from maternal and paternal genetic markers." PeerJ 9 (March 5, 2021): e10607. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10607.

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The African cattle provide unique genetic resources shaped up by both diverse tropical environmental conditions and human activities, the assessment of their genetic diversity will shade light on the mechanism of their remarkable adaptive capacities. We therefore analyzed the genetic diversity of cattle samples from Nigeria using both maternal and paternal DNA markers. Nigerian cattle can be assigned to 80 haplotypes based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences and haplotype diversity was 0.985 + 0.005. The network showed two major matrilineal clustering: the dominant cluster constituting the Nigerian cattle together with other African cattle while the other clustered Eurasian cattle. Paternal analysis indicates only zebu haplogroup in Nigerian cattle with high genetic diversity 1.000 ± 0.016 compared to other cattle. There was no signal of maternal genetic structure in Nigerian cattle population, which may suggest an extensive genetic intermixing within the country. The absence of Bos indicus maternal signal in Nigerian cattle is attributable to vulnerability bottleneck of mtDNA lineages and concordance with the view of male zebu genetic introgression in African cattle. Our study shades light on the current genetic diversity in Nigerian cattle and population history in West Africa.

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28

Koch, Linda. "African cattle adaptations." Nature Reviews Genetics 21, no. 12 (October 5, 2020): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41576-020-00293-w.

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29

Mohamad, K., M. Olsson, G. Andersson, B. Purwantara, HTA van Tol, H. Rodriguez-Martinez, B. Colenbrander, and JA Lenstra. "The Origin of Indonesian Cattle and Conservation Genetics of the Bali Cattle Breed." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 47 (December 29, 2011): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01960.x.

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30

Pryce, Jennie E., Ben J. Hayes, Sunduimijid Bolormaa, and Michael E. Goddard. "Polymorphic Regions Affecting Human Height Also Control Stature in Cattle." Genetics 187, no. 3 (January 6, 2011): 981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.110.123943.

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31

Mir, P. S., D. R. C. Bailey, Z. Mir, S. D. M. Jones, T. Entz, S. D. Husar, N. H. Shannon, and W. M. Robertson. "Effect of feeding barley based diets on animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred beef cattle with and without Wagyu genetics." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-029.

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Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of European and British crossbred (EBC; no Wagyu genetics; 28 heifers and 30 steers) cattle were compared with crossbred cattle with 75% Wagyu genetics (WC; seven heifers and 14 steers) to determine the influence of Wagyu genetics on marbling grade of beef cattle fed barley-based diets in a factorial design experiment. Weaned calves (250 d average age) were fed, one of two diets (diet 1, 35% barley grain; diet 2, 40% hay cubes on DM basis, with barley silage, protein and vitamin/mineral premix) for 84 d and then fed diet 1 until they weighed 394 to 432 kg. All cattle were finished on an 80% (DM basis) rolled barley diet and slaughtered. Carcasses were graded and samples procured for meat quality and Warner–Bratzler shear force determination. Number of days on backgrounding diets to arrive at target weight (380 kg) was greater (P < 0.05) for the WC cattle, owing to relatively lower ADG, but days on the finishing diet were fewer for these cattle, compared with EBC cattle. Warm carcass yield (dressing percent) was greater (P < 0.05), but backfat depth was lower (P < 0.05) for WC cattle relative to that of EBC cattle, yet proportion of lean meat yield was similar. Eighty three percent of WC cattle carcasses had Canada AAA (small or more) marbling grade compared with 13% for EBC cattle carcasses. Mean shear force of meat samples from EBC and WC cattle was 4.2 and 3.8 kg, respectively. Results indicated that the extent of carcass marbling can be increased by incorporating Wagyu genetics but age at slaughter of WC cattle was 19 d greater than that of EBC cattle and carcass size was reduced. Key words: Average daily gain, carcass characteristics, European and British crossbred, feed to gain ratio, meat quality, Wagyu crossbred cattle

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32

Holečková, Beáta, Viera Schwarzbacherová, Martina Galdíková, Simona Koleničová, Jana Halušková, Jana Staničová, Valéria Verebová, and Annamária Jutková. "Chromosomal Aberrations in Cattle." Genes 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091330.

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Chromosomal aberrations and their mechanisms have been studied for many years in livestock. In cattle, chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with serious reproduction-related problems, such as infertility of carriers and early mortality of embryos. In the present work, we review the mechanisms and consequences of the most important bovine chromosomal aberrations: Robertsonian translocations and reciprocal translocations. We also discuss the application of bovine cell cultures in genotoxicity studies.

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33

Georges, M., D. Nielsen, M. Mackinnon, A. Mishra, R. Okimoto, A. T. Pasquino, L. S. Sargeant, A. Sorensen, M. R. Steele, and X. Zhao. "Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling milk production in dairy cattle by exploiting progeny testing." Genetics 139, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 907–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.2.907.

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Abstract We have exploited "progeny testing" to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the genetic variation of milk production in a selected dairy cattle population. A total of 1,518 sires, with progeny tests based on the milking performances of > 150,000 daughters jointly, was genotyped for 159 autosomal microsatellites bracketing 1645 centimorgan or approximately two thirds of the bovine genome. Using a maximum likelihood multilocus linkage analysis accounting for variance heterogeneity of the phenotypes, we identified five chromosomes giving very strong evidence (LOD score > or = 3) for the presence of a QTL controlling milk production: chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10 and 20. These findings demonstrate that loci with considerable effects on milk production are still segregating in highly selected populations and pave the way toward marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle breeding.

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34

Crawford, A. M., K. G. Dodds, A. J. Ede, C. A. Pierson, G. W. Montgomery, H. G. Garmonsway, A. E. Beattie, K. Davies, J. F. Maddox, and S. W. Kappes. "An autosomal genetic linkage map of the sheep genome." Genetics 140, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 703–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.2.703.

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Abstract We report the first extensive ovine genetic linkage map covering 2070 cM of the sheep genome. The map was generated from the linkage analysis of 246 polymorphic markers, in nine three-generation full-sib pedigrees, which make up the AgResearch International Mapping Flock. We have exploited many markers from cattle so that valuable comparisons between these two ruminant linkage maps can be made. The markers, used in the segregation analyses, comprised 86 anonymous microsatellite markers derived from the sheep genome, 126 anonymous microsatellites from cattle, one from deer, and 33 polymorphic markers of various types associated with known genes. The maximum number of informative meioses within the mapping flock was 222. The average number of informative meioses per marker was 140 (range 18-209). Linkage groups have been assigned to all 26 sheep autosomes.

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35

Konovalova, Elena, Olga Romanenkova, Olga Kostyunina, and Elena Gladyr. "The Molecular Bases Study of the Inherited Diseases for the Health Maintenance of the Beef Cattle." Genes 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050678.

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The article highlighted the problem of meat cattle genetic defects. The aim was the development of DNA tests for some genetic defects diagnostics, the determination of the animal carriers and their frequencies tracking in time. The 1490 DNA samples from the Aberdeen Angus (n = 701), Hereford (n = 385), Simmental (n = 286) and Belgian Blue (n = 118) cattle have been genotyped on the genetic defects by newly created and earlier developed DNA tests based on AS-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods. The Aberdeen Angus cattle genotyping has revealed 2.38 ± 0.31% AMC-cows and 1.67 ± 0.19 % AMC-bulls, 0.65 ± 0.07% DDC-cows and 0.90 ± 0.10% DDC-bulls. The single animals among the Hereford cattle were carriers of MSUD and CWH (on 0.27 ± 0.05%), ICM and HY (on 0.16 ± 0.03%). The Simmental cattle were free from OS. All Belgian Blue livestock were M1- and 0.84%-CMD1-carriers. The different ages Aberdeen Angus cattle genotyping has shown the tendency of the AMC- and DDC frequencies to increase in the later generations. The statistically significant increase of DDC of 1.17% in the cows’ population born in 2019 compared to those born in 2015 allows concluding the further development of the DNA analysis-based measures preventing the manifestation of the genetic anomalies in meat cattle herds is necessary.

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36

Larkin, Denis M., Annelie Everts-van der Wind, Mark Rebeiz, Peter A. Schweitzer, Sharon Bachman, Cheryl Green, Chris L. Wright, et al. "A Cattle–Human Comparative Map Built with Cattle BAC-Ends and Human Genome Sequence." Genome Research 13, no. 8 (August 2003): 1966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1560203.

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As a step toward the goal of adding the cattle genome to those available for multispecies comparative genome analysis, 40,224 cattle BAC clones were end-sequenced, yielding 60,547 sequences (BAC end sequences, BESs) after trimming with an average read length of 515 bp. Cattle BACs were anchored to the human and mouse genome sequences by BLASTN search, revealing 29.4% and 10.1% significant hits (E < e-5), respectively. More than 60% of all cattle BES hits in both the human and mouse genomes are located within known genes. In order to confirm in silico predictions of orthology and their relative position on cattle chromosomes, 84 cattle BESs with similarity to sequences on HSA11 were mapped using a cattle–hamster radiation hybrid (RH) panel. Resulting RH maps of BTA15 and BTA29 cover ∼85% of HSA11 sequence, revealing a complex patchwork shuffling of segments not explained by a simple translocation followed by internal rearrangements. Overlay of the mouse conserved syntenies onto HSA11 revealed that segmental boundaries appear to be conserved in all three species. The BAC clone-based comparative map provides a foundation for the evolutionary analysis of mammalian karyotypes and for sequencing of the cattle genome.

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37

Meirelles, Flávio V., Vilceu Bordignon, Yeda Watanabe, Michelle Watanabe, André Dayan, Raysildo B. Lôbo, Joaquim M. Garcia, and Lawrence C. Smith. "Complete Replacement of the Mitochondrial Genotype in a Bos indicus Calf Reconstructed by Nuclear Transfer to a Bos taurus Oocyte." Genetics 158, no. 1 (May 1, 2001): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.1.351.

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Abstract Due to the exclusively maternal inheritance of mitochondria, mitochondrial genotypes can be coupled to a particular nuclear genotype by continuous mating of founder females and their female offspring to males of the desired nuclear genotype. However, backcrossing is a gradual procedure that, apart from being lengthy, cannot ascertain that genetic and epigenetic changes will modify the original nuclear genotype. Animal cloning by nuclear transfer using host ooplasm carrying polymorphic mitochondrial genomes allows, among other biotechnology applications, the coupling of nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes of diverse origin within a single generation. Previous attempts to use Bos taurus oocytes as hosts to transfer nuclei from unrelated species led to the development to the blastocyst stage but none supported gestation to term. Our aim in this study was to determine whether B. taurus oocytes support development of nuclei from the closely related B. indicus cattle and to examine the fate of their mitochondrial genotypes throughout development. We show that indicus:taurus reconstructed oocytes develop to the blastocyst stage and produce live offspring after transfer to surrogate cows. We also demonstrate that, in reconstructed embryos, donor cell-derived mitochondria undergo a stringent genetic drift during early development leading, in most cases, to a reduction or complete elimination of B. indicus mtDNA. These results demonstrate that cross-subspecies animal cloning is a viable approach both for matching diverse nuclear and cytoplasmic genes to create novel breeds of cattle and for rescuing closely related endangered cattle.

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38

Hristov, Peter, Daniela Sirakova, Ivan Mitkov, Nikolai Spassov, and Georgi Radoslavov. "Balkan brachicerous cattle – the first domesticated cattle in Europe." Mitochondrial DNA Part A 29, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2016.1238901.

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39

Lynn, David J., Abigail R. Freeman, Caitriona Murray, and Daniel G. Bradley. "A Genomics Approach to the Detection of Positive Selection in Cattle:." Genetics 170, no. 3 (March 31, 2005): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.039040.

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40

Zhang, Qianqian, Mario P. L. Calus, Mirte Bosse, Goutam Sahana, Mogens Sandø Lund, and Bernt Guldbrandtsen. "Human-Mediated Introgression of Haplotypes in a Modern Dairy Cattle Breed." Genetics 209, no. 4 (May 30, 2018): 1305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301143.

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41

Gautier, Mathieu, Thomas Faraut, Katayoun Moazami-Goudarzi, Vincent Navratil, Mario Foglio, Cécile Grohs, Anne Boland, et al. "Genetic and Haplotypic Structure in 14 European and African Cattle Breeds." Genetics 177, no. 2 (August 24, 2007): 1059–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.075804.

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42

Stella, Alessandra, Paolo Ajmone-Marsan, Barbara Lazzari, and Paul Boettcher. "Identification of Selection Signatures in Cattle Breeds Selected for Dairy Production." Genetics 185, no. 4 (May 17, 2010): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.110.116111.

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43

Rogic, Biljana, Bozo Vazic, Mihajla Djan, and Marina Stamenkovic-Radak. "Genetic diversity and structure of autochthonous cattle breeds from Bosnia and Herzegovina based on microsatellites." Genetika 51, no. 1 (2019): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1901335r.

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Genotype data from 21 microsatellites were used to evaluate genetic diversity and relationships of Gatacko cattle and Busha breeds. A total of 100 animals included in the study were divided into three groups: Gatacko cattle (GC), Busha from eastern Herzegovina (BEH) and Busha from western Herzegovina (BWH). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for all loci in all groups, except for single locus (INRA35) in group of Busha from western Herzegovina. A total number of 166 alleles were detected in a total sample. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.9. The highest observed mean heterozygosity (0.688) was found in the Gatacko cattle and the lowest (0.634) in Busha from western Herzegovina. A pairwise population matrix of Fst values among analyzed groups showed significantly high genetic differentiation among all three groups: Gatacko cattle and Busha from western Herzegovina, Gatacko cattle and Busha from eastern Herzegovina and Busha from western and Busha from eastern Herzegovina. This report represents the first genetic characterization of Gatacko cattle and Busha cattle, traditional cattle breed from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results are valuable for the future development of conservation and management strategies for these cattle breeds.

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44

Mir, Z., L. J. Paterson, and P. S. Mir. "Fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of intramuscular fat in crossbred cattle with and without Wagyu genetics fed a barley-based diet." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-113.

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Fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in pars costalis diaphragmatis (PCD) muscle from European and British crossbred (EBC; no Wagyu genetics) and Wagyu crossbred (WC; 75% Wagyu genetics) beef cattle were determined. Conjugated linoleic acid contents of PCD muscle from EBC (1.7 mg CLA g−1 lipid) and WC (1.8 mg CLA g−1 lipid) cattle were similar (P > 0.05), while WC cattle had higher (P < 0.05) CLA content 100 g−1 of beef on a DM basis because the lipid content of meat from WC cattle was greater (P < 0.05) than that from EBC cattle Key words: Conjugated linoleic acid, Wagyu, fatty acids, barley, beef cattle

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45

Mwangi, Felista W., Edward Charmley, Christopher P. Gardiner, Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli, Robert T. Kinobe, and Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli. "Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120648.

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A comprehensive review of the impact of tropical pasture grazing, nutritional supplementation during feedlot finishing and fat metabolism-related genes on beef cattle performance and meat-eating traits is presented. Grazing beef cattle on low quality tropical forages with less than 5.6% crude protein, 10% soluble starches and 55% digestibility experience liveweight loss. However, backgrounding beef cattle on high quality leguminous forages and feedlot finishing on high-energy diets increase meat flavour, tenderness and juiciness due to improved intramuscular fat deposition and enhanced mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper also reviews the roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid synthase genes and correlations with meat traits. The review argues that backgrounding of beef cattle on Desmanthus, an environmentally well-adapted and vigorous tropical legume that can persistently survive under harsh tropical and subtropical conditions, has the potential to improve animal performance. It also identifies existing knowledge gaps and research opportunities in nutrition-genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of grazing nutrition, feedlot finishing performance, and carcass traits of northern Australian tropical beef cattle to enable red meat industry players to work on marbling, juiciness, tenderness and overall meat-eating characteristics.

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46

Bora, Shelema Kelbessa, Tesfaye Sisay Tessema, and Gebrerufael Girmay. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Selected Ethiopian Indigenous Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers." Genetics Research 2023 (January 14, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1106755.

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Background. In Ethiopia, livestock contributes 45% of agricultural GDP. Despite the economic role played by the sector, there have been little efforts to genetically improve the indigenous cattle. Morphological characterization of selected Ethiopian indigenous cattle has been made for (Bonga, Jimma, and Kerayu) cattle types. But, the selected indigenous cattle were not characterized at molecular level (genetic diversity information). Hence, this work was initiated to detect and determine the genetic diversity and population structure of selected Ethiopian indigenous cattle ecotypes using microsatellite markers. Results. Different alleles were identified (131) and thirty-three of these alleles were unique to specific ecotypes. All loci used were informative with PIC values ranging from 0.5 (TGLA126) to 0.84 (ETH10) with a mean of 0.70 per locus. The Shannon information index ranged from (I = 1.02) ILST006 to (I = 1.63) ETH10 with an average of 1.28 revealing there is genetic diversity. Moreover, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 84% genetic variation within a population and 13% variation among populations. The value of F-statistics (Fst) (0.129 = 13%) indicated that there was moderate genetic differentiation among ecotypes. The (UPGMA) revealed, Bonga and Jimma clustered together while Kerayu cattle were relatively distinct, Principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and structure analysis grouped the individual into different clusters confirming the presence of ecotype admixture due to geographical origins and uncontrolled mating. Conclusion. In general, this study has successfully characterized the genetic diversity and population structure of Bonga, Jimma, and Kerayu cattle ecotypes using high polymorphic/informative microsatellite markers. According to this study, Kerayu cattle have high AR and PA when compared to Bonga and Jimma cattle populations. So, the Kerayu population is more diverse than others and it is the hotspot for genetic diversity study. The generated information is very relevant for breeder and genetic conservation.

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47

Wegner, J., P. Huff, C. P. Xie, F. Schneider, F. Teuscher, P. S. Mir, Z. Mir, E. C. Kazala, R. J. Weselake, and K. Ender. "Relationship of plasma leptin concentration to intramuscular fat content in beef from crossbred Wagyu cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-111.

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Plasma leptin concentrations and beef cattle carcass characteristics in eight Continental Crossbred steers [0% Wagyu Cattle (WC)] were compared to crossbred cattle with 50 and 75% WC (eight steers each) genetic makeup to determine if a relationship exists between plasma leptin concentrations and intramuscular fat content (marbling) in beef cattle. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured at two stages of cattle growth, 16 and 4 wk prior to slaughter (W P S). Beef cattle characteristics including marbling score, ribeye area, i.m. total lipid content, and backfat depth were determined, and correlation coefficients obtained between these traits and leptin concentration at both sampling dates. Plasma leptin concentrations increased relative to the lipid content in the 24 steers based on the significant positive correlation observed between plasma leptin and total lipids (% wet weight) from both pars costalis diaphragmatis (p.c.d.)(16 WPS: r = 0.69, P = 0.0004; 4 WPS: r = 0.35, P = 0.104) and longissimus (16 WPS: r = 0.59, P = 0.002; 4 WPS: r = 0.51, P = 0.011) muscles. A trend was observed, however, at 4 WPS when the groups of varying Wagyu genetics were compared. Plasma leptin was positively correlated with muscle lipid content for the 0% Wagyu cattle (longissimus: r = 0.62, P = 0.103; p.c.d.:r = 0.40, P = 0.410)but there was almost no correlation in these parameters for the 50% WC (longissimus: r = 0.11, P = 0.797; p.c.d.: r = 0.005, P = 0.990). Plasma leptin concentration was negatively correlated with lipid content in the 75% WC (longissimus: r = –0.60, P = 0.120; p.c.d.: r = –0.65, P = 0.164). The results suggest that increasing Wagyu genetics negates any relationship between leptin concentrations and i.m. fat content in cattle. Key words: Wagyu crossbred cattle, meat quality, intramuscular fat, marbling, leptin

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48

Rupp, Rachel, and Didier Boichard. "Genetics of resistance to mastitis in dairy cattle." Veterinary Research 34, no. 5 (September 2003): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2003020.

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49

Bortoliero Costa, Camila, Tamires Korchovei Sanches, Mariana Moreira dos Anjos, Deborah Nakayama Yokomizo, and Marcelo Marcondes Seneda. "MAXIMIZING IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION IN CATTLE." SPERMOVA 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.13.

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In vitro embryo production (IVEP) is used to develop high-quality genetics associated with intergenerational genetic gain. It is characterized by acquisition (in vivo or post-mortem) and maturation (MIV) of oocytes from donors, followed by fertilization (FIV) of matured oocytes and culture (IVC) of embryos, which are then sent to transferred or cryopreserved. Even with extensive knowledge on IVEP, some biochemical and hormonal regulations that involve embryonic development are still unknown, leading to a low overall efficiency of the biotechnological process. Although in vitro developed embryos have a lower quality than that produced in vivo, in terms of resistance to challenging events, IVEP presents itself as a potential biotechnology. In cattle breeding, reproductive biotechnologies are key to increase and improve the genetic improvement of the herd, associated with productive and reproductive efficiency. In this article, the steps and strategies of IVEP and its contribution to reproduction in the cattle sector are discussed.

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50

Bögeholz, Anke, Clemens Falker-Gieske, Monika Guélat, Corinne Gurtner, Sibylle Hunziker, Anna Oevermann, Georg Thaller, Cord Drögemüller, and Jens Tetens. "GWAS Hits for Bilateral Convergent Strabismus with Exophthalmos in Holstein Cattle Using Imputed Sequence Level Genotypes." Genes 12, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12071039.

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Bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmos (BCSE) is a malformation of the eyes and is recognized as a mild but progressive disorder that affects cattle in the first two years of life. This most likely inherited disorder is rarely described in cattle resembling autosomal dominantly inherited forms of human progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). In German Braunvieh cattle, two linked genome regions were found that could be responsible for the development and/or progression of BCSE. The goal of this study was to phenotypically characterize BCSE in Holstein cattle from Germany and Switzerland as well as to identify associated genome regions by GWAS. The clinicopathological phenotype of 52 BCSE-affected Holstein cattle was in accordance with the phenotype described in German Braunvieh cattle, but in addition, signs of degeneration and cellular infiltration in the eye muscles were found. By using imputed sequence level genotype data, three genome-wide significant GWAS hits were revealed on different chromosomes that were not detected by initial GWAS based on high density SNP array data highlighting the usefulness of this approach for mapping studies. The associated genome regions include the ABCC4 gene as well as markers adjacent to the NCOR2 and DNAJC3 genes all illustrating possible functional candidate genes. Our results challenge a monogenic mode of inheritance and indicate a more complex inheritance of BCSE in Holstein cattle. Furthermore, in comparison to previous results from German Braunvieh cattle, it illustrates an obvious genetic heterogeneity causing BSCE in cattle. Subsequent whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based analyses might elucidate pathogenic variants in the future.

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