Дисертації з теми "Cation and Anion"
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Watson, James David. "Anion and cation binding in proteins." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252533.
Повний текст джерелаSeijo, Bibiana Campos. "Supramolecular complexes for cation and anion binding." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405678.
Повний текст джерелаSekizaki, Shuichi. "Development of conducting cation radical salts with flexible organic anions : tetracyanoallyl anion derivatives." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144214.
Повний текст джерелаLuo, Kun. "Cation ordered and anion-vacancy ordered perovskite materials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f36a3f97-70b1-4ab6-819b-d400341a4558.
Повний текст джерелаCalin, Nathalie. "Etude thermique de quelques sels d'hétéropolymolybdates : mise en évidence d'interactions anion-anion et anion-cation à l'état solide." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-119.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRichardson, Mickey Charles Braterman Paul S. "Layered double hydroxides as anion- and cation-exchanging materials." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3623.
Повний текст джерелаCooper, James B. "Multi-site calix[4]arenes anion and cation recognition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312555.
Повний текст джерелаKing, Philip David. "Charge neutrality level in significantly cation-anion mismatched semiconductors." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2767/.
Повний текст джерелаRichardson, Mickey Charles. "Layered Double Hydroxides as Anion- and Cation-Exchanging Materials." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3623/.
Повний текст джерелаCarrillo, Romo Felipe de Jesus. "Le Système quaternaire réciproque cation cuprique, cation sodium, anion chlorure, anion sulfate, eau à 25 °C étude par mesures automatiques de masse volumique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376124872.
Повний текст джерелаWebber, Philip R. A. "Cation and anion recognition by calix[4]arene based ligands." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393989.
Повний текст джерелаGradwell, Kate. "Modified calix[4]arene receptors for anion and cation recognition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360297.
Повний текст джерелаBrogan, Michael Alan. "Cation and anion tuning : towards structural tailoring in multinary nitrides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435366.
Повний текст джерелаYe, Songtao. "Ion-Pair Behavior Between Polyoxometalates Anion and Alkali Metal Cation." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1522253761785623.
Повний текст джерелаRashidi, Nazanin. "Cation and anion doping of ZnO thin films by spray pyrolysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8261559-8901-409d-8d08-a3fc04b6d734.
Повний текст джерелаTakagi, Hiroshi. "Effects of manipulating dietary cation-anion balance on calcium metabolism in sheep." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75683.
Повний текст джерелаPredith, Ashley P. (Ashley Page). "Computational studies of cation and anion ordering in cubic yttria stabilized zirconia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36208.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 127-137).
The investigation of ordering and phase stability in the ZrO2-Y203 system involves two sets of calculations. The first set of calculations uses the cluster expansion method. A guide to the practical implementation of the cluster expansion outlines methods for defining a goal and choosing structures and clusters that best model the system of interest. The cluster expansion of the yttria stabilized zirconia system considers 447 configurations across the ZrO2-Y203 composition range. The effective cluster interaction for pair clusters show electrostatic repulsion between anions and little interaction between cations. Triplet anion terms largely modify the energy contributions of the pair terms. Separate cluster expansions using structures at single compositions show that cation clusters become more important at high yttria composition. The cluster expansion led to the discovery of three previously unidentified ordered ground state structures at 25, 29, and 33 % Y on the cubic fluorite lattice. The ground state with 33 % Y is stable with respect to the calculated energies of monoclinic ZrO2 and the Y4Zr3012 ground state. The ground states have the common ordering feature of yttrium and vacancies in [1 1 2] chains, and Monte Carlo simulations show that vacancy ordering upon cooling is contingent on cation ordering.
(cont.) The second set of calculations consider three driving forces for order: ionic relaxation, vacancy arrangements, and differences in Zr and cation dopant radii. Bond valence sums of fully relaxed and anion relaxed structures are nearly equal at all compositions. In supercells of ZrO2, the vacancy arrangement of the ground state with 25 % Y is more stable than arrangements maximizing the distance between vacancies or aligning vacancies in [1 1 1]. Comparing the YSZ ground state with structures of the same configuration with scandium replacing yttrium shows different stable phases on the convex hull between cubic ZrO2 and the dopant M203 phase. The change in the stability of the configurations may be a result of cation radius sizes. The factors suggest that the driving forces of phase stability depend on composition.
by Ashley P. Predith.
Ph.D.
Rezac, Darrel James. "Dietary cation anion difference and acidified coproducts: effects on peripartum dairy cows." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4642.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Barry J. Bradford
The transition from gestation to lactation requires numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in order for the body to maintain relative homeostasis. For the modern dairy cow, the difficulty to meet these challenges is increased many-fold due to the large demand for energy and metabolites placed on the body by the high producing mammary gland. Milk fever or periparturient hypocalcemia can be defined as a failure of the calcium homeostatic mechanisms to maintain serum calcium around the time of calving. Though clinical cases may only arise in ≈ 5% of transition cows, subclinical rates are much higher. Animals suffering from even subclinical milk fever are much more susceptible to numerous other transition disorders. Preventing milk fever by formulation of the prepartum ration may be accomplished by decreasing the dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) which can be defined as the balance between positively and negatively charged ions in the diet. An experiment was designed to test 2 diets containing t products designed to deliver supplementary anions to the diet versus a control ration with no added anions. Total serum calcium and incidence of postpartum health disorders were not affected by prepartum dietary treatment. Though DCAD was drastically different between the control ration and the 2 anionic diets, the concentration of the strong cation potassium was low across all treatments which presumably prevented hypocalcemia with the onset of lactation. Though our diets contained low concentrations of potassium, many diets used by dairymen contain forages that are high in potassium and thus might benefit from the addition of anions. An experiment of an unrelated nature was conducted to observe the effects of 2 diets containing wet corn gluten feed (46 or 56% of DM) as the primary energy substrate and tallgrass prairie hay (14 or 20% of DM) as the sole source of physically effective fiber versus a control ration containing alfalfa and corn silage. The 20% tallgrass prairie hay diet resulted in milk components and efficiencies similar to those of the control ration, but production and income over feed cost did not match that of the control ration in this situation.
Kidd, Bryce Edwin. "Cation and Anion Transport in a Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Plastic Crystal Ion Conductor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23300.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Moli, Christelle. "Etude de la complexation simultanée d'un cation et d'un anion par des calixarènes fonctionnalisés." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13224.
Повний текст джерелаAbbas, Ismail Ibrahim. "Anion and cation binding studies of calix[4]pyrrole receptors : detailed thermodynamic studies and environmental applications." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441863.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Song. "Elucidation of the Cation−π Interaction in Small-Molecule Asymmetric Catalysis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11132.
Повний текст джерелаChemistry and Chemical Biology
Li, Zhilong. "Taming highly reactive metal cations and intermediates in homogeneous catalysis using a weakly coordinating anion." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS145.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we studied the behaviour of the weakly coordinating aluminate counterion, [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] in catalytic processes based on cationic metals such as gallium(I) and indium(I) salts with low oxidation state indium and lithium salts. Initially,, we have studied [Ga][Al(OC(CF3)3)4]-catalyzed transformations, especially for the dihydroarylation of arenes, the transfer hydrogenation of alkenes using 1,4-cyclohexadiene as hydrogen source, the tandem hydrogenation cyclization of arenes and enynes cycloisomerization. Subsequently, we showed that the [In][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] catalyst was highly selective in promoting ortho-alkylation of unprotected anilines in the presence of styrenes. By extension we applied the latter to the hydroamination of unprotected primary and secondary alkenylamines under mild conditions. Finally, the [Li][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] complex has proven to be an effective catalyst for the synthesis of styrene derivatives from vinyl triflate and arenes via a vinyl cation. We proved that this bulky and inert anion [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] was capable of taming highly reactive cations, both cationic metals and reaction intermediates, thus opening new perspectives in synthesis methodology
Leclerc, Hélène. "Effects on manipulating the anion-cation balance in rations for prepartum dairy cows on hypocalcemic parturient paresis." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65421.
Повний текст джерелаThieu, Lam Mai. "Multiscale Tortuous Diffusion in Anion- and Cation-Exchange Membranes: Exploration of Counterions, Water Content, and Polymer Functionality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88849.
Повний текст джерелаMS
Porr, Cheryl Ann. "Dietary calcium and cation-anion difference influences calcium status and bone remodeling in exercising and sedentary Arabian horses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38025.
Повний текст джерелаJalil, Pour Kivi Soghra. "The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro-catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38807.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Jing. "SOLUTION AND SOLID STATE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC π-SYSTEMS". UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/289.
Повний текст джерелаPorr, Cheryl Ann. "Dietary calcium and cation-anion difference influences calcium status and bone remodling [sic] in exercising and sedentary Arabian horses /." This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151638/.
Повний текст джерелаMaak, Christian Andreas [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnick. "Nitrido-, oxonitrido-, and oxonitridocarbidosilicates for solid-state lighting by a multiple cation and anion approach / Christian Andreas Maak ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Schnick." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1234911280/34.
Повний текст джерелаFletcher, John D. "The role of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on the blood buffering capacity and the susceptibility of dairy cattle to induced ketoacidosis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/MQ64353.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDelaquis, Annick Marie. "The effects of dietary cation-anion balance, stage of lactation and ration ingredients on acid base metabolism and productivity of dairy cows." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39420.
Повний текст джерелаCorrea, Lisia Bertonha. "Dietas catiônicas no desempenho e parâmetros ácido-base de vacas em lactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-05102006-100646/.
Повний текст джерелаEight lactating Holsteins cows were distributed in 4 x 4 replicated Latin square, during the summer, for a period of 72 days. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four cationic diets levels, on the dry matter intake, milk production, composition, and physico-chemical parameters, urinary pH, body temperature and blood acid-base parameters, in cows, after the lactation peak. For DCAB manipulation were added different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate in the diets and the following treatments were obtainned: +150, +250, +400 e +500mEq/kg DM. The cows body temperature was not affected by dietary cation-anion balance. Blood bicarbonate, pH, total CO2 and pCO2 increased linearly with the increase of dietary CAB. Calcium concentration in the blood decreased quadratically with dietary CAB increased. Sodium and potassium concentration in the blood were not modified significantly with the DCAB and concentration of chloride decreased linearly with increase of DCAB. Increasing BCAD resulted in higher DM intake and milk yield. The diets did not affect milk fat percentage, density and crioscopic index. Milk pH increased linearly and acidity decreased cubically with the increase of dietary CAB. It was concluded that DCAB manipulation affected the acid-base status of cows, even inside of positive variation. Due to the increase of DM intake and milk yield, it was verified a beneficial effect of the cationic diets for cows after the lactation peak.
Meirelles, Rodrigo Lemos. "Efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico em conjunto com diferentes proporcões de volumoso e concentrado na degradabilidade ruminal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20042006-125358/.
Повний текст джерелаThe DCAB effects on dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of soybean meal and DCAB effects on DM and corn meal degradability were investigated in two trials with different rate of roughage:concentrate (experiment 1: 60:40, experiment 2: 40:60). Twelve Holstein calves with ruminal cannula were used in each experiment (91,55 kg and 117,62 kg of mean weight, respectively). Both experiments were conducted at FZEA/USP, Pirassununga/SP. The experimental periods were constituted by 35 days (14 days adaptation and 21 days data collection) with 15 days of interval. It was used completely design, with three treatments and four repetitions. For DCAB manipulation were added ammonium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate in order to achieve the following values: experiment 1: -123, +218, +341 mEq/kg DM, experiment 2: -127, +207, +397 mEq/kg DM. The diet was based on corn silage as forage. The DCAB ratios affected DM and soybean meal CP degradabilities when 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio were used (P<0,10). DM and corn meal degradabilities were not affected by DCAB ratios (P>0,10), as well as DM and soybean meal CP degradabilities when 40:60 roughage:concentrate ratio were used P<0,10).
Claro, Gustavo Ribeiro Del. "Influência do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no desempenho de ovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-28042004-123947/.
Повний текст джерелаThe dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) effect in performance, macromineral (calcium, phosphorus and sodium) balance, urinary pH and calcium serum concentration, was studied in 25 males sheeps, from Santa Ines breed, during 75 days. The design used was randomized complete blocks, with five treatments. For DCAB manipulation were added ammonium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate in order to achieve the values: -160, -40, 140, 250 e 500 meq/kg DM. Increasing the DCAB resulted in higher DMI, daily gains and feed efficiency (P<0,05). Rumen pH, urine pH and urine volume increased as DCAB increased (p<0,05). Ruminal VFA profile was not affected by DCAB. The DCAB affected the calcium metabolism, decresing the DCAB the serum calcium increased. Dietary anionic increased urinary excretion of calcium, however calcium retention was not effect.
Smith, Mason Scott. "Measuring the Interaction and Cooperativity Between Ionic, Aromatic, and Nonpolar Amino Acids in Protein Structure." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7443.
Повний текст джерелаToure, Issa B. "Influence of dietary calcium, cation-anion balance, genetics and age on the development of leg bone characteristics and leg bone abnormalities in broiler chicks /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402544591618.
Повний текст джерелаPatino, Midori Amano. "Topochemical manipulation of some complex transition metal oxides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e312bf34-98d5-4818-bb50-fd8772688a1d.
Повний текст джерелаJansson, Mats. "Diffusion of Radionuclides in Bentonite Clay : Laboratory and in sity Studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3443.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20100621
Engelking, Susann. "Effekte einer Kalium-abhängigen Variation in der Kationen-Anionen-Bilanz des Futters auf die Elektrolyt- und Stickstoffbilanz bei Schweinen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-214494.
Повний текст джерелаInitiation: The dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) of the feed modifies the acid-base balance and is used in the prevention of milk fever in cows, MMA in sows and urolithiasis in pets. The modification of the cation-anion ratio in diets can take an impact on biological processes inducting nitrogen metabolism. Objectives of investigations: This study objectively clarifies, whether potassium-based variation of the DCAB of the food has an influence on certain parameters of the nitrogen balance and the acid-base balance. Materials and Methods: The trial covered a total of 38 male castrated pigs (three racial crossing Pietrain x Large White x German Landrace) with a housing-age of approximately 12 weeks and a live weight of 17.3 kg to 30.3 kg. In randomized order, the pigs were allocated to the eight experimental feed: crude protein content of 140 g per kg feed and 200 g per kg feed, as well as 4, 10, 14 or 20 g of potassium per kg feed. The sodium and chloride concentrations in the feed were kept constant. The main food components were corn and wheat. The two crude protein levels were determined by various soybean meal and corn gluten quantities. Potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) were used to establish the four DCAB levels of -125 mEq kg-1, 66 mEq kg-1, 168 mEq kg-1, and 342 mEq kg-1 feed. In an adaptation period of 15 days pigs were accustomed to food and environment. They were kept in individual pens and were given water ad libitum. During the following two trial phases of five days each, the pigs were kept in balance cages. Between the two trial periods, there was a break of five days (no diet change). During the trial period all urine and excrement of the animals was collected, and the respective pH-value was continuously measured. Aliquots of urine and faeces were used in nitrogen and electrolyte analyses. At the end of each five-day record a blood sample from the jugular vein was taken from each pig for determination of potassium, sodium, chloride, pH-value, hydrogen carbonate, base excess, and amino acids. Results: Potassium has a significant influence on renal pH values. Analogous to increasing potassium intake (DCAB ↑), the urine pH value turned more basic (-125 mEq kg-1 feed = 5.93; 342 mEq kg-1 feed = 8.37). The blood pH levels, which averaged at 7.21, as well as the hydrogen carbonate concentration and base excess concentration, did not respond to the different DCAB in the feed because of the renal compensation. The associated feces pH values at -125 mEq kg-1 feed and 66 mEq kg-1 feed were higher by 0.16 than at the other two DCAB levels. The nitrogen intake varied between 0.90 g kg-1BM d-1 and 1.22 g kg-1BM d-1, based on both crude proteins (14 % and 20 %) in the experimental feeds. A reduction of DCAB in the feed resulted in an improvement of the nitrogen digestibility from 86.1 % to 89.9 % (< 0.05). However, diets with the lowest concentration of potassium showed the highest renal nitrogen excretions of 442 mg kg-1BM d-1 compared to the other three concentrations of potassium (345 mg kg-1BM d-1). As a consequence, nitrogen retention increases with increasing DCAB in the feed. However, the highest nitrogen retention of 643 mg kg-1KM d-1 was found with a 66 mEq kg-1 diet (potassium 10 g kg-1 feed). The examination of blood samples revealed no influence on the sum of the amino acids, which was 44.66 mg dl-1. The sum of the essential amino acids was reduced at a DCAB of 66 mEq kg-1 in blood, similar to the other variations. Some parameters of the electrolyte balances were different between the feed variations: In the experimental diet with a DCAB of -125 mEq kg-1 diet (potassium 4 g kg-1 feed), the pigs eliminated Na: 2.83 mg kg- 1BM d-1 and Cl: 1.54 mg kg– 1BM d-1 less in the feces and Na: 7.05 mg kg- 1KM d-1 less in the urine with respect to the other experimental groups. Renal chloride excretion showed no variability. The renal and fecal excretion of potassium increased proportionally to the DCAB of the feed (DCAB in the feed: -125 mEq kg-1, 66 mEq kg-1, 168 mEq kg-1; 342 mEq kg-1; K output in mg kg- 1BM d-1, renal: 74.0; 273.3; 431.1; 609.1; fecal: 24.5; 31.2; 32.6; 44.0). When viewed against the totality of results for the sodium and chloride retention, there were no trend-setting influences in connection with the DCAB of the experimental diets. The potassium retention, however, increased from 66.5 mg kg- 1BM d-1 (-125 mEq kg-1 feed) to 167.0 mg kg- 1BM d-1 (342 mEq kg -1 feed), which was not reproduced from the potassium concentrations in the blood. The same applied to the sodium and chloride concentrations in the blood. Conclusions: The alkalization of the urine shows that the DCAB of the feed influences the acid-base status. The systemic pH remained largely unaffected due to the buffer systems of the organism. The intragastric, respectively the intestinal, pH medium was changed by the addition of potassium hydrogen carbonate, which is reflected in the poorer digestibility of nitrogen at higher DCAB. The nitrogen retention is not related to the nitrogen digestibility. The best retention of nitrogen was observed with the DCAB of 66 mEq kg-1 feed (K: 10 g kg-1 feed). The daily weight gain and feed utilizations of the pigs certainly could not reflect this. It should be noted, however, that a longer observation period would be necessary for a clear effect on daily gain (jump of the daily weight gain from 520 g of -125 mEq kg-1 feed to the level of 692 g for 66 mEq kg-1 feed and more). A recommendation based on this study would be a DCAB value of 66 mEq kg-1 feed. If this value increases, the nitrogen digestibility decreases; on the other hand, the nitrogen retention deteriorated with reducing DCAB
Palacios, Manuel A. "Materials and Strategies in Optical Chemical Sensing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1225902887.
Повний текст джерелаBlacker, Andrew John. "Recepteurs cyclointercalants et reactifs de photocoupure d'acides nucleiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13119.
Повний текст джерелаSandre, Danilo Gualberto de [UNESP]. "Respostas de frangos de corte ao estresse térmico agudo ou crônico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141537.
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Dois experimentos envolvendo 1280 pintos machos Cobb 500, foram conduzidos para avaliar as possíveis interações entre condicionamento termo precoce e balanço eletrolítico da dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte, bem como estudar os efeitos do estresse térmico agudo e crônico. No d 8, as aves foram transferidas para 32 boxes, com raspas de madeira e resíduo desidratado de acerola (proporção ½ a ½ ) como cama, mantendo os mesmos tratamentos com oito repetições cada. Os dados da Exp. 1 (stress agudo) e 2 (stress crónico) foram combinados num arranjo fatorial 2x2x2 (com e sem condicionamento térmico precoce (CTP); dieta com e sem equilíbrio eletrolítico (EE); e estresse térmico agudo ou crônico. A dieta com EE foi calculada como mEq / kg para a Na + K-Cl e o valor da relação (K + Cl) / Na, com 300 mEq / kg e uma proporção de 3: 1, respectivamente. As aves foram alimentadas com: (1) uma dieta tradicional (176 mEq / kg e a relação de 3,36: 1) sem CTP; (2) dieta tradicional com CTP; (3) dieta com EE e sem CTP e (4) dieta com EE e CTP. Ração e água foram fornecidas ad libitum. Metade das aves foram expostas a 36 °C durante 24 horas com a idade de 5, enquanto que a outra metade não foi exposto a CTP. Na idade de 38 d, metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiados por estresse térmico agudo de 36 °C durante 6h e com a idade de 35 a 39 d, outra metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiado por um estresse térmico crônico de 32 °C por 6h. O consumo de ração, peso corporal (PC), a umidade das fezes e deposição de gordura abdominal foram determinadas a 46 d de idade e taxa de conversão alimentar ajustado foi calculado através da inclusão de PC da mortalidade. Coordenadas tricromáticas (L*, a*, e b*) foram medidos no músculo do peito, às 24h. Nenhum efeito de interação foi encontrado com nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Assim, não existe sinergismo para qualquer um dos traços. Houve aumento expressivo da mortalidade [(3,06-65,62%) / P <0,0001] de estresse agudo. O EE aumentou a umidade nas fezes (P = 0,0202). Os conteúdos de lipídios dos tecidos abdominais foram afetados pela exposição ao calor e diminuiu significativamente (P <0,0001) para crônica (53.9g) versus estresse agudo (127.5g). Além disso, um efeito significativo (P <0,0001) valores mais elevados foi encontrado em carne para aguda (66,4 e 23,2) versus o estresse crônico (57,6 e 17,6), em L* e b*, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que as aves submetidas a estresse agudo estão sujeitos a síndrome do músculo pálida aves.
Two experiments involving 1280 male Cobb 500 chicks were conducted to evaluate the possible interactions between early thermal conditioning and electrolyte balance of the diet on the performance of broiler chickens, as well as studying the effects of acute and chronic heat stress. On d 8, the broilers were transferred to 32 floor pens with wood shavings as litter while maintaining the same treatments with eight replicates each. The data from Exp. 1 (acute stress) and 2 (chronic stress) were combined in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement [with and without early thermal conditioning (ETC)]; diet with and without electrolyte balance (EB); and acute or chronic heat stress. The diet with EB was calculated as mEq/kg for Na+K-Cl and the value the ratio (K+Cl)/Na, with 300 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3:1, respectively. The birds were fed: (1) a traditional diet (176 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3.36:1) without ETC; (2) traditional diet with ETC; (3) diet with EB and without ETC and (4) diet with EB and ETC. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Half of birds were exposed to 36°C for 24h at the age of 5, whereas the remaining half was not exposed to ETC. At the age of 38 d, half chicks were thermally challenged by an acute heat stress of 36°C for 6h or at the age of 35 to 39 d, another half chicks were thermally challenged by a chronic heat stress of 32°C for 6h. Feed intake, body weight (BW), moisture of feces and abdominal fat deposition were determined at 46 d of age and adjusted feed conversion ratio was calculated by including BW of mortality. Trichromatic coordinates (L*, a*, and b*) were measured on the breast muscle at 24h. No interaction effects were found for any of the parameters evaluated. Thus, there is no synergism for any of the traits. There was expressive increase of mortality [(3.06 to 65.62%) / P<0.0001] from acute stress. The EB increased moisture of feces (P=0.0202). Lipid contents of abdominal tissues was affected by heat exposure with significantly decreased (P<0.0001) to chronic (53.9g) versus acute stress (127.5g). Also, a significant effect (P<0.0001) values higher was found in meat for acute (66.4 and 23.2) versus chronic stress (57.6 and 17.6) on L* and b*, respectively. The results suggest that birds submitted to acute stress are subject to pale poultry muscle syndrome.
Sandre, Danilo Gualberto de. "Respostas de frangos de corte ao estresse térmico agudo ou crônico /." Araçatuba, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141537.
Повний текст джерелаCooientador: Garcia Neto, Manoel
Banca: Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles
Banca: Antonio Celso Pezzato
Resumo: Dois experimentos envolvendo 1280 pintos machos Cobb 500, foram conduzidos para avaliar as possíveis interações entre condicionamento termo precoce e balanço eletrolítico da dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte, bem como estudar os efeitos do estresse térmico agudo e crônico. No d 8, as aves foram transferidas para 32 boxes, com raspas de madeira e resíduo desidratado de acerola (proporção ½ a ½ ) como cama, mantendo os mesmos tratamentos com oito repetições cada. Os dados da Exp. 1 (stress agudo) e 2 (stress crónico) foram combinados num arranjo fatorial 2x2x2 (com e sem condicionamento térmico precoce (CTP); dieta com e sem equilíbrio eletrolítico (EE); e estresse térmico agudo ou crônico. A dieta com EE foi calculada como mEq / kg para a Na + K-Cl e o valor da relação (K + Cl) / Na, com 300 mEq / kg e uma proporção de 3: 1, respectivamente. As aves foram alimentadas com: (1) uma dieta tradicional (176 mEq / kg e a relação de 3,36: 1) sem CTP; (2) dieta tradicional com CTP; (3) dieta com EE e sem CTP e (4) dieta com EE e CTP. Ração e água foram fornecidas ad libitum. Metade das aves foram expostas a 36 °C durante 24 horas com a idade de 5, enquanto que a outra metade não foi exposto a CTP. Na idade de 38 d, metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiados por estresse térmico agudo de 36 °C durante 6h e com a idade de 35 a 39 d, outra metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiado por um estresse térmico crônico de 32 °C por 6h. O consumo de ração, peso corporal (PC)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Two experiments involving 1280 male Cobb 500 chicks were conducted to evaluate the possible interactions between early thermal conditioning and electrolyte balance of the diet on the performance of broiler chickens, as well as studying the effects of acute and chronic heat stress. On d 8, the broilers were transferred to 32 floor pens with wood shavings as litter while maintaining the same treatments with eight replicates each. The data from Exp. 1 (acute stress) and 2 (chronic stress) were combined in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement [with and without early thermal conditioning (ETC)]; diet with and without electrolyte balance (EB); and acute or chronic heat stress. The diet with EB was calculated as mEq/kg for Na+K-Cl and the value the ratio (K+Cl)/Na, with 300 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3:1, respectively. The birds were fed: (1) a traditional diet (176 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3.36:1) without ETC; (2) traditional diet with ETC; (3) diet with EB and without ETC and (4) diet with EB and ETC. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Half of birds were exposed to 36°C for 24h at the age of 5, whereas the remaining half was not exposed to ETC. At the age of 38 d, half chicks were thermally challenged by an acute heat stress of 36°C for 6h or at the age of 35 to 39 d, another half chicks were thermally challenged by a chronic heat stress of 32°C for 6h. Feed intake, body weight (BW), moisture of feces and abdominal fat deposition were determined at 46 d of age and adjusted feed conversio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Повний текст джерелаAGUENAOU, HASSAN. "L'absorption du c1**(-) et du na**(+) a travers la bordure en brosse de l'intestin de la truite salmo gairdneri, r." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13072.
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