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Книги з теми "Category classification"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Canada, Treasury Board Classification Human Resources Information Systems and Pay Division. Classification standard: Printing operations : operational category. [Ottawa]: Treasury Board of Canada, Secretariat, 1988.

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2

Canada. Treasury Board. Human Resources Information Systems and Pay Division., ed. Classification standard, Historical Research, Scientific and Professional Category. [Ottawa]: Classification, Human Resources Information Systems and Pay Division, Personnel Policy Branch, 1987.

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3

Canada. Treasury Board. Division de la classification, des systèmes d'information sur les ressources humaines et de la paie. Classification standard: General labour and trade operational category. [Ottawa]: The Board, 1988.

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4

Spray, Judith A. Multiple-category classification using a sequential probability ratio test. Iowa City, Iowa: American College Testing Program, 1993.

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5

Spray, Judith A. Multiple-category classification using a sequential probability ratio test. Iowa City, Iowa: American College Testing Program, 1993.

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6

Spray, Judith A. Multiple-category classification using a sequential probability ratio test. Iowa City, Iowa: American College Testing Program, 1993.

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7

Canada. Treasury Board. Classification, Human Resources Information Systems and Pay Division. Personnel Policy Branch., ed. Classification standard, financial administration: Administrative and foreign service category. [Ottawa?]: Classification, Human Resources Information Systems and Pay Division, Personnel Policy Branch, 1987.

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8

Zhao, Yi. Understanding Census 2000: Race category changes & comparisons. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Office of Financial Management, 2001.

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9

Bowmaster, Ron. Assessment of agricultural land by category: Taxation. Lincoln, Neb. (P.O. Box 94945, Lincoln 68509): Nebraska Legislative Council, Legislative Research Division, 1988.

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10

Canada. Conseil du trésor. Direction de la politique du personnel., ed. Management category : position evaluation plan =: Catégorie de la gestion : guide d'évaluation des postes. Ottawa, Ont: Treasury Board of Canada = Conseil du trésor du Canada, 1990.

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11

Makkai, Mihály. Models, logics, and higher-dimensional categories: A tribute to the work of Mihaly Makkai. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2011.

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12

United States. Congress. House. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide certain Medicare beneficiaries with an exemption to the financial limitations imposed on physical, speech-language pathology, and occupational therapy services under part B of the Medicare program, and to provide for a system to vary those limitations using a classification of individuals based on diagnostic category and prior use of services. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office, 1999.

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13

Canada. Classification standard: Printing operations : Operational category. Treasury Board of Canada, Secretariat, 1988.

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14

Classification standard, library science, scientific and professional category. Ottawa: Classification, Human Resources Information Systems and Pay Division, Personnel Policy Branch, Treasury Board of Canada, 1987.

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15

Canada. Classification standard: General labour and trade operational category. The Board, 1988.

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16

Tanislav, Christian, and Manfred Kaps. Classification. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0003.

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The classification of a cerebrovascular event distils information obtained in the workup and other related case history to a category indicating a specific pathophysiology, with direct implications for the subsequent secondary prevention management. A minimum standard of diagnostics is required for a precise classification. In young stroke victims, the conventional Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) stroke subtype classification may only address the aetiopathogenesis in 30–60% of the individuals who are affected by vascular risk factors. Applying the criteria defined by TOAST for large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and small artery disease is reliable for young stroke victims as verified in many clinical investigations. However, in a considerable proportion of stroke patients, the stroke aetiology remains unclear. For this group, some patients need to be treated in a particular manner, such as those with two or more possible aetiologies or those with suspected paradoxical embolism. In patients remaining purely cryptogenic despite an extensive diagnostic workup, imaging findings may help to identify potential triggers, particularly when an embolic infarction pattern in the acute brain imaging is obvious. Despite its shortcomings, the TOAST classification is the most universally used classification in ischaemic stroke patients. New developments in the field are addressed in this chapter and aspects are incorporated for the nominated classification adapted for the specific group of young stroke patients.

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17

Huybrechts, D. Derived Category and Canonical Bundle – I. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296866.003.0004.

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This chapter is devoted to results by Bondal and Orlov which show that for varieties with ample (anti-)canonical bundle, the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves determines the variety. Except for the case of elliptic curves, this settles completely the classification of derived categories of smooth curves. The complexity of the derived category is reflected by its group of autoequivalences. This is studied by means of ample sequences.

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18

Classification standard, engineering and land survey, sub-group land survey: Scientific and professional category. [Ottawa, Canada]: Classification, Human Resources, Information Systems and Pay Division, Personnel Policy Branch, 1987.

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19

Department Of Defense Prime Contract Award By Service Category And Federal Supply Classification (fy 1992-1995). Diane Pub Co, 2004.

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20

Paul, Torremans. Part II Preliminary Topics, 3 Classification. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199678983.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the classification of the cause of action and the classification of a rule of law as they relate to private international law. Classification of the cause of action refers to the allocation of the question raised by the factual situation before the court to its correct legal category, whereas classification of a rule of law is the identification of the department of law under which a particular legal rule falls. After explaining what ‘classification of the cause of action’ and ‘classification of a rule of law’ mean, the chapter considers the basis on which classification is made. In particular, it looks at two cases that illustrate the international spirit in which English judges fulfil the task of classification. It also examines the classification of an English rule and classification of a foreign rule (parental consent to marry, bona vacantia).

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21

Applying the Classification of Finite Simple Groups: A User's Guide. American Mathematical Society, 2018.

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22

Schor, Paul. The Disappearance of the “Mulatto” as the End of Inquiry into the Composition of the Black Population of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses changes in the categorization of blacks and mulattoes at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1900, for the first time since blacks had been individually enumerated, the entire black population was combined into a single category, “Black”. This included all persons who were “negro or of negro descent.” The mulatto category then reappeared in 1910, but in the new context of a difference in ability rather than a biological difference between blacks and mulattoes but was dropped after the 1920 because the census noted that the classification varied greatly according to the race of the enumerator.

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23

LUCKY, Lucky. Game of Sim: CLASSIFICATION EDIT Type Abstract Category Abstract Strategy Mechanisms Paper-And-Pencil Family Combinatorial Advertisement the Game of Sim Is a Paper and Pencil Game Played by Two Players. Independently Published, 2020.

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24

Huybrechts, D. Derived Categories of Surfaces. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296866.003.0012.

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This chapter completes the classification of algebraic surfaces from the point of view of their derived categories. Abelian, K3, and elliptic surfaces play a special role. For all other surfaces, the derived category determines the isomorphism type. The reduction to minimal surfaces is due to Kawamata, and the case of elliptic surfaces was dealt with by Bridgeland and Maciocia.

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25

Joshua, Castellino, and Cavanaugh Kathleen A. 2 Minority Identities in the Middle East: Religious Minorities. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679492.003.0002.

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In this chapter there are two primary categories to emerge with regard to the classification of minorities in the Middle East. The first comprises religious minorities, both early religious groups and more contemporary groups established during or after the nineteenth century. The second category comprises Muslim ethnic groups spread over two or more territories with a distinct cultural identity and language. This chapter details religious minority identities. Within the first section of this chapter, we examine non-Muslim religious communities including Jews, and a rather broad number of Christian communities, while accepting that some groups cross-cut this category. Section two examines Islamic minority communities including the ‘Alawis, Druze, Babism and the Baha’i Faith, and Ismaili communities.

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26

Trofino, Joan Alhanati. A STUDY OF THE CONSISTENCY OF NURSING CARE HOURS AND PATIENT LENGTH OF STAY PER DRG CATEGORY IN SELECTED JOINT COMMISSION ON ACCREDITATION OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS AS MEASURED BY DIVERSE PATIENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS. 1988.

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27

Schor, Paul. New Asian Races, New Mixtures, and the “Mexican” Race. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0017.

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This chapter discusses changes in racial categorization in the early twentieth century with respect to the US census. Whenever there was a question of the racial classification of new populations, whether in the continental United States or in the territories acquired since 1867, the census always relied on the principles and techniques developed since 1850 to distinguish blacks from whites. Chief among these was the principle of hypodescent, in more or less rigid forms. However, the early twentieth century saw change occurring in two directions: on the one hand, the racialization of a growing number of non-European immigrants and their descendants; on the other, the weakening of the distinctions between the descendants of European immigrants. The remainder of the chapter details the disappearance of the “mulatto” category and the introduction and forcible elimination of the “Mexican” category.

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28

Rahimi, Kazem. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy). Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0106.

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Cardiomyopathy is defined as disease of heart muscle, and typically refers to diseases of ventricular myocardium. A consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases, published in 2007, abandoned the inconsistent and rather arbitrary classification into primary and secondary causes and based its classification on ventricular morphology and function only. This classification distinguishes five types of cardiomyopathy: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and unclassified cardiomyopathies (such as takotsubo cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction). Each category is further subdivided into familial and non-familial causes. In a departure from the 1995 WHO classification, the ESC consensus statement excludes myocardial dysfunction caused by coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease, and congenital heart disease from the definition of cardiomyopathy. The rationale for this was to highlight the differences in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of these common diseases, and to make the new classification system more acceptable for the routine clinical use. In contrast to the American Heart Association scientific statement, the ESC definition does not consider channelopathies as cardiomyopathies. The sections on cardiomyopathy in this chapter are based on the ESC definition, with a brief reference to channelopathies.

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29

Phillips, Katharine A. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0048.

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The category of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs) is new to DSM-5 and was one of the more interesting, potentially impactful changes in the revised manual. The new DSM-5 chapter contains OCD, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder), and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. The addition of the new OCRD chapter to DSM-5, and grouping these disorders together, has diagnostic, clinical, and research implications. This chapter reviews why and how this new category was added to DSM-5, considers whether this grouping of disorders is correct, and examines the pros and cons of the change. The introduction OCRDs in DSM-5 had wide support. However, the current classification is not perfect, and much more research is needed to establish veridical relationships among disorders. In the meantime, it is hoped that these changes to DSM-5 yield advances in research and improvements in patient care.

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30

Schor, Paul. The Question of Racial Mixing in the American Possessions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0016.

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This chapter discusses the imposition of the US system of racial classification in the US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii. The original use in certain US territories of a “mixed” racial category highlights the national norm that made mulattoes into “lighter-skinned” blacks. In the various territories acquired by the United States after 1898, a rigid imposition of the categories of the US census was difficult because they were the product of a national history that had not been shared. Whether in the US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, or Hawaii the perception of what made a person black, white, or mulatto was very different from North American usage, showing that binary black and white mainland tradition was not working there.

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31

Velasco, Raquel. La novela corta en conflicto: Cinco ensayos alrededor de la incertidumbre. Universidad Veracruzana, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uv.2442.1526.

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Literary genres are elusive; we cannot pretend to pass through them, attributing one classification or another to literary works; but they are useful, especially now that we are beyond the rigid conceptions of gender inherited from traditional studies. The reader has in his hands a serious analysis, documented, that approaches literary works from the category of the short novel without imposing absolute visions, precisely because its starting point is that it is the genre of uncertainty. Mariano Azuela, Juan Rulfo, Rodolfo Walsh, Julio Cortázar, Roberto Bolaño, Juan Pablo Villalobos, are some of the memorable writers of short novels that have given a particular profile and destiny to the genre in Latin America. Raquel Velasco studies these authors to cast a new light on the way these works exist in a convulsive and chaotic world.

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32

Rohde, Luis Augusto, Christian Kieling, and Giovanni Abrahão Salum. Current diagnostic criteria. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0014.

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In this chapter we describe the history of ADHD diagnosis and how it is currently conceptualized in two main classificatory manuals: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for the Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). We also outline differences between DSM and ICD manuals and review discussions in the realm of the 11th edition of the ICD, in its journey to increase clinical utility. Lastly, we discuss the research domain criteria and how this initiative might affect ADHD diagnosis in the future. We conclude by offering a perspective that acknowledges both the limitations of our current classificatory systems, but also points out their paramount importance to clinical practice. ADHD, as currently defined by DSM and ICD, is a well validated clinical category and a useful diagnosis for communication among practitioners, researchers, and for selecting treatments and care for patients.

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33

Loporcaro, Michele. Mass/countness and gender in Asturian. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199656547.003.0005.

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Having shown at the end of Chapter 4 that mass/count may be encoded in the gender system, this chapter analyses in depth one Romance variety where the interaction of the mass/count distinction with gender presents itself in a distinctly intricate way, viz. Central Asturian. This features a ‘neuter’ agreement that has been variously analysed as the exponent of a value of the morphosyntactic categories gender or number, or as manifesting the value of some other, purely semantic, category. Complementing the evidence with new data, the chapter concludes that the most economical analysis is one according to which the Asturian neuter is a gender value, but within a second gender system. In this, Asturian parallels a few far-off languages which, in recent studies in linguistic typology, have been argued to possess two concurrent systems for noun classification.

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34

Berezin, Mabel. Events as Templates of Possibility: An Analytic Typology of Political Facts. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.23.

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This article extends the concept of events to bring cultural analysis to bear on political explanation and privileges “thick description” and narrative as methodological tools. Drawing on the views of Emile Durkheim, it argues that events constitute “social facts”—phenomena with sufficient identity and coherence that the social collectivity recognizes them as discrete and important. The article first considers the tension between the political and the cultural using a metaphor from sports and biology that unites agency and nature. It then discusses the intersection of events and experience as an analytic category that incorporates the “counterfactual” turn in historical analysis by drawing on William Sewell’s sociological theory of events. It also argues for the existence of “political facts” and concludes by proposing an analytic typology of political facts based on the classification of events along a temporal or spatial axis.

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35

Kinoshita, Sharon. Romance in/and the Medieval Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795148.003.0011.

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This chapter expands the traditional classification of medieval French romance by proposing ‘Mediterranean’ as a thematic category alongside ‘Antique’ and ‘Breton’. In addition to their geographical setting, ‘Mediterranean’ romances feature themes such as sea voyages, merchants, pirates, mutable identities, and the changes of fortune occasioned by the hazards of maritime travel. Floire et Blancheflor, first attested in French c.1150 and subsequently translated into many languages, provides the focal point for a discussion of medieval romance that draws inspiration from Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell’s 2000 study, The Corrupting Sea. The second part of the chapter tests the longue durée of the Mediterranean thematic by examining the Hellenistic romance Callirhoe. The close parallels between the two texts, corresponding to Mikhail Bakhtin’s description of the Greek novel of adventure, also allows an assessment of their divergences as reflections of the shift from a late antique to a high medieval context.

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36

James, Gareth. Sparseness and functional data analysis. Edited by Frédéric Ferraty and Yves Romain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199568444.013.11.

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This article considers two functional data analysis settings where sparsity becomes important: the first involves only measurements at a relatively sparse set of points and the second relates to variable selection in a functional case. It begins with a discussion of two data sets that fall into the ‘sparsely observed’ category, the ‘growth’ data and the ‘nephropathy’ data, both of which are used to illustrate alternative approaches for analysing sparse functional data. It then examines different classes of methods that can be applied to functional data, such as basis functions, mixed-effects models and local smoothing techniques, as well as specific methodologies for dealing with sparse functional data in the principal components, clustering, classification, and regression settings. Finally, it describes two approaches for performing regressions involving a functional predictor and a scalar response: SASDA (sequential algorithm for selecting design automatically) and FLiRTI (Functional Linear Regression That’s Interpretable).

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37

Cheng, Jianguo, ed. Neuropathic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190298357.001.0001.

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Neuropathic pain is a category of chronic pain disorders that are most common, debilitating, costly, and difficult to treat. It is a significant challenge to individuals suffering from it, healthcare providers, and society at large. This book is written by expert clinicians and investigators from multiple disciplines to provide the most comprehensive and updated information on neuropathic pain disorders that are commonly encountered in clinical practice. It strives to reflect the current understanding of the concepts, classification, mechanisms, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of neuropathic pain. Following chapters addressing these topics in general terms are chapters devoted to specific neuropathic pain disorders consequent to lesions or diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. These chapters take a case-based format to stimulate situation-guided thinking, predicting, and learning. The textbook serves to inform best practices and stimulate innovative investigations to advance patient care, as well as the science behind it.

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38

Seibt, Johanna. Ontological Tools for the Process Turn in Biology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0006.

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The purpose of this chapter is to introduce an outline of general process theory (GPT), a non-Whiteheadian systematic process ontology, and to provide some pointers on how this framework could be applied in philosophy of biology to clarify questions of individuality, composition, and emergence. GPT is a mono-categorial framework based on the new category of more or less generic (non-particular) dynamic individuals called ‘general processes’ or ‘dynamics’. According to GPT, the world is the interaction of (more or less generic) dynamics. The chapter sets out some elements of a non-standard mereology (with non-transitive part relations) on processes and introduces the five-dimensional classification system of GPT. It is shown how the theoretical predicates of homeomereity and automereity can be used to distinguish between developments and ‘non-developmental’ or ‘dynamically stable’ temporally unbounded activities that persist in time by literal recurrence.

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39

Fedden, Sebastian, Jenny Audring, and Greville G. Corbett, eds. Non-Canonical Gender Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795438.001.0001.

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Grammatical gender is famously the most puzzling of the grammatical categories. Despite our solid knowledge about the typology of gender systems, exciting and unexpected patterns keep turning up which defy easy classification and straightforward analysis. Some of these question, stretch, or even threaten to cross the outer boundaries of the category. These regions are largely unexplored, yet are essential for our understanding of gender, besides being interesting in their own right. The purpose of this book is to explore the outer boundaries of the category of gender and discuss their theoretical significance. Canonical Typology, a cutting-edge approach already successfully applied to a range of linguistic phenomena, provides the ideal framework for this endeavour. In this approach, a linguistic phenomenon—for example, a morphosyntactic feature like gender—is established in terms of a canonical ideal: the clearest instance of the phenomenon. The canonical ideal is a clustering of properties that serves as a baseline from which to measure the actual examples that are found. This approach allows us to analyse any gender system and determine for each of its component properties whether it is more or less canonical. The languages discussed in this volume all diverge from the canonical ideal in interesting ways. Each language is assessed by international experts, who approach their work from a typological perspective. The book explores a wide range of typologically different languages drawn from all over the world, from South America to Melanesia, from an Italo-Romance dialect of Central Italy to Mawng of Northern Australia.

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40

Publicazioni, Giovanna. Password Keeper: Quaderno Password Italiano - + Di 100 Password Classificati per Categorie. Independently Published, 2019.

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41

Mattissen, Johanna. Sub-Types of Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.5.

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The structural heterogeneity of polysynthetic languages is captured by a sublassification of allegedly polysynthetic languages according to their word-formational type (number of roots allowed in a verb form), namely, compositional, transitional, or affixal, and their internal organization (template vs. scope or both). Further parameters show correlations to these independent ones: the number of participants encoded on a verb, the imaginable evolutionary path via which the structure has come about, namely layering (“onion type”), internal expansion (“sandwich type”) or coalescence (“burdock type”), and the characteristic design of a complex verb form: Grammatical category accumulation (integration of non-obligatory, rather grammatical information); ping-pong recategorization (multiple verbalization and nominalization); productive in/excorporation; dependent-head synthesis; multiple packing (integration of rather lexical information); holophrasis (all wordforms being predicates—or particles); composite-stem layout (composite root-like morphemes, unitary concept); and building-block design (multiple classifer-like morphemes make up a wordform). The classification along these parameters reconciles conflicting approaches to polysynthesis.

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42

Wing, J. K. Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: An Instruction Manual For The Pse And Catego Program. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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43

Liechty, Edward A., Cindy Hughes, and Becky Dolan, eds. Coding for Pediatrics, 2014. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581108354.

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“Published annually and currently in its 19th edition, Coding for Pediatrics is the signature publication in a comprehensive suite of coding products offered by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Written by coding experts for coders and physicians, this manual is a product of the AAP Committee on Coding and Nomenclature and is extensively reviewed each year by the AAP Coding Publications Editorial Advisory Board. This edition has been fully updated and revised to include all changes to the 2014 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, complete with accompanying guidelines for their application. The numerous clinical vignettes and examples featured in the book, as well as the many “Coding Pearls” included throughout, have also been fully revised and revisited. New to this edition, is an emphasis through the entirety of the manual on the upcoming transition to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) with newly added “Transitioning to 10” boxes. These boxes accompany the text and highlight for the reader the various codes and situations most affected by the forthcoming change. New 2014 features and updates make Coding for Pediatrics more indispensable that ever! ICD-10-CM guidance and examples with dynamic call-out boxes New chapter on preventive medicine services New information on changes to transitional care management Updated guidance for reporting new codes for interprofessional consultations New explanation of changes to the code for cerumen removal Web access to Coding for Pediatrics updates and alerts Updated clinical vignettes to bring complex coding issues to life. Updated coding fact sheets, sample letters, denial tracking tool, and more The basics and beyond-with chapter after chapter of important information, updates and advice, including * New and Revised CPT® and ICD-9-CM Codes for 2014 * Diagnosis Coding: ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM * Evaluation and Management Documentation and Coding Guidelines: Incident-To, PATH Guidelines, and Scope of Practice Laws * Preventive Evaluation and Management Services in the Office, Outpatient, Home, or Nursing Facility Setting * Noncritical Hospital Care * Perinatal Counseling and Care of the Neonate and Critically Ill Infant/Child * Emergency Department Services * Common Procedures and Non-E/M Medical Services * Modifiers and Coding Edits * Category II CPT® Codes-Pay for Performance Measures and Category III CPT® Codes-Emerging Technologies * Fraud and Abuse: Compliance for the Pediatric Practice * The Business of Medicine: From Clean Claims to Correct Payment and Emerging Payment Methodologies Coding for Pediatrics, has the prior approval of American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) for 4.0 continuing education hours. Granting of prior approval in no way constitutes endorsement by AAPC of the program content or the program sponsor.”

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44

Storch, Eric A., Jonathan S. Abramowitz, and Dean McKay, eds. Complexities in Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190052775.001.0001.

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Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) have received considerable attention over the past two decades, culminating with the inclusion of a new classification category of “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” in the DSM-5. This group of conditions includes obsessive-compulsive disorder along with two newly minted conditions (hoarding disorder and excoriation disorder) and others previously classified as somatoform disorders (body dysmorphic disorder) and impulse control disorders (hair-pulling disorder). In addition, other conditions that are not discussed in the DSM-5 have received attention, such as misophonia and orthorexia nervosa. The implications for research on these conditions, as well as their relations with one another, are significant since their aggregation is based on putative central mechanisms with limited empirical support to date. Indeed, the past decades have seen a dramatic surge in research on OCRDs across several domains, including clinical phenomenology, assessment, and psychological therapies. With these issues in mind, this comprehensive text addresses recent advances in the field of OCRDs, highlighting psychosocial theoretical and intervention approaches. As researchers and clinicians will be increasingly focused on this topic in light of the changes to DSM-5, this book is a timely addition to the literature in guiding clinicians in advances in OCRDs that will impact their practice.

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45

Paquin, Jonathan, and Stephen M. Saideman. Foreign Intervention in Ethnic Conflicts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.183.

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Foreign intervention in ethnic conflicts has received significant attention in the last 20 years. Scholars have initially considered the sources for these interventions through instrumental and affective factors, though a better classification involves grouping these motives between domestic and international factors. The former category assumes that a third state’s internal politics best explain motives of intervention, and that domestic groups within the state have the greatest impact on foreign policy decision making. Theories based on domestic explanations assume that domestic politics greatly matter in the formulation of states’ decisions to intervene or not in ethnic conflicts elsewhere. As for the external explanations, scholars share a common assertion that the international environment is the central determinant explaining third state intervention. These explanations focus on the impact of institutions and international norms on the international relations of ethnic conflicts. In addition to these approaches, this area of research still contains many issues left unaddressed, such as how interference from outside might affect an ethnic conflict, and what forms of analysis might be used to study foreign interventions. Scholars have applied both quantitative and qualitative techniques, and the diaspora literature stands out for relying almost exclusively on case studies and on very notable cases. Otherwise, the rest of the work in this field follows the current standards by using a mixture of case studies and quantitative analyses depending on the questions in play.

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46

Lund, Martin. Whiteness. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13503.001.0001.

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The socially constructed phenomenon of whiteness: how it was created, how it changes, and how it protects and privileges people who are perceived as white. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series examines the socially constructed phenomenon of whiteness, tracing its creation, its changing formation, and its power to privilege and protect people who are perceived as white. Whiteness, author Martin Lund explains, is not one single idea but a shifting, overarching category, a flexible cluster of historically, culturally, and geographically contingent ideals and standards that enable systems of hierarchical classification. Lund discusses words used to talk about whiteness, from white privilege to white fragility; the intersections of whiteness with race, class, and gender; whiteness in popular culture; and such ideas as “colorblindness” and “reverse racism,” which, he argues, actually uphold whiteness. Lund shows why it is important to keep talking and thinking about whiteness. The word “whiteness,” he writes, doesn't describe; it conjures something into being. Drawing on decades of critical whiteness studies and citing a range of examples (primarily from the United States and Sweden), Lund argues that whiteness is continually manufactured and sustained through language, laws, policies, science, and representations in media and popular culture. It is often positioned as normative, even universal. And despite its innocuous-seeming manifestations in sitcoms and superheroes, whiteness is always in the service of racial domination.

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47

Gillon, Carrie, and Nicole Rosen. Nominal Contact in Michif. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795339.001.0001.

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Michif is an endangered language spoken by approximately a few hundred Métis people, mostly located in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. Michif is usually categorized as a mixed language (Bakker 1997; Thomason 2003), due to the inability to trace it back to a single language family, with the majority of verbal elements coming from Plains Cree (Algonquian) and the majority of nominal elements coming from French (Indo-European). This book investigates Bakker’s (1997) often cited claim that the morphology of each source language is not reduced, with the language combining full French noun phrase grammar and Plains Cree verbal grammar. The book focuses on the syntax and semantics of the French-source noun phrase. While Michif has features that are obviously due to heavy contact with French (two mass/count systems, two plural markers, two gender systems), the Michif noun phrase mainly behaves like an Algonquian noun phrase. Even some of the French morphosyntax that it borrowed is used to Algonquianize non-Algonquian borrowings: the French-derived articles are only required on non-Algonquian nouns, and are used to make non-Algonquian borrowings visible to the Algonquian syntax. Michif is thus shown to be best characterized as an Algonquian language, with heavy French borrowing. With such a quintessentially ‘mixed’ language shown to essentially not mix grammars, the usefulness of this category for analysing synchronic patterns is questioned, much in the same way that scholars such as DeGraff (2000, 2003, 2005) and Mufwene (1986, 2001, 2008, 2015) question the usefulness of the creole language classification.

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48

Smith, Stephen D. Subgroup Complexes. Amer Mathematical Society, 1997.

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49

Colpan, Asli M., and Takashi Hikino. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717973.003.0001.

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While business groups are a dominant and critical business organization in contemporary emerging economies and have lately attracted much attention in academic circles and business presses, interestingly their counterparts in developed economies have not been systematically examined. This chapter serves as an introduction to this volume that examines the origins, evolution, and resilience of business groups in the developed economies of Western Europe, North America and Oceania. First, it describes the major aims of the volume and argues why it focuses on business groups in developed economies. Second, it examines the categorical classifications of various types of business groups, as conceptual clarification is necessary to distinguish different varieties of this organizational model at the outset of the volume. Third, the chapter explores the varieties of diversified business groups and their comparable organizational models under the category of “multi-unit enterprises.” It concludes by giving an outline of the entire volume.

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50

Quinn, Emelia. Reading Veganism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843494.001.0001.

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Reading Veganism: The Monstrous Vegan, 1818 to Present focuses on the iteration of the trope of ‘the monstrous vegan’ across 200 years of Anglophone literature. Explicating, through such monsters, veganism’s relation to utopian longing and challenge to the conceptual category of the ‘human’, the book explores ways in which ethical identities can be written, represented, and transmitted. Reading Veganism proposes that we can recognize and identify the monstrous vegan in relation to four key traits. First, monstrous vegans do not eat animals, an abstinence that generates a seemingly inexplicable anxiety in those who encounter them. Second, they are hybrid assemblages of human and nonhuman animal parts, destabilizing existing taxonomical classifications. Third, monstrous vegans are sired outside of heterosexual reproduction, the product of male acts of creation. And, finally, monstrous vegans are intimately connected to acts of writing and literary creation. The principal contention of the book is that understandings of veganism, as identity and practice, are limited without a consideration of multiplicity, provisionality, failure, and insufficiency within vegan definition and lived practice. Veganism’s association with positivity, in its drive for health and purity, is countered by a necessary and productive negativity generated by a recognition of the horrors of the modern world. Vegan monsters rehearse the key paradoxes involved in the writing of vegan identity.

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