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1
Arkhipova, I. V. "ACTUALIZATION OF THE СATEGORIAL SEMANTICS OF FINAL TAXIS IN THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE". Siberian Philological Forum 20, № 3 (30 вересня 2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2022-20-3-130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals with the issue of actualization of the categorical semantics of final taxis in the German language. The aim of the work is to identify and describe final taxis categorial situations in the statements with prepositional deverbatives. The study was carried out within the framework of the functional-semantic approach to the study of semantic categories. The material of the study is 6,000 statements obtained from the electronic database of the German Dictionary (Dwds). The study found that the categorial semantics of the final taxis of simultaneity is actualized in the statements with the monotaxis prepositions of final semantics für, zu, zwecks. Destinative and definitive categorial situations of the final taxis of simultaneity are actualized in such statements.
2
Arkhipova, I. V. "Iterative-Taxis Intercategorial Interaction in German and Russian." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 2 (May 17, 2022): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-2-194-202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article features iterative-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity and non-simultaneity in German and Russian. The functional and semantic categories of taxis and iteration are closely interrelated. The intersection and syncretic unification of these functional-semantic categories makes it possible to define the model of their intercategorial interaction as a model of intercategorical crossing. Intercategorical crossing of taxis and iterative categories determines the actualization of various iterative-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity and non-simultaneity. They are actualized in iterative statements of various subtypes, e.g., verbal-iterative, deverbial-iterative, attributive-iterative, adverbial-iterative, etc., which contain iterative deverbatives, iterative verbs, and iterative quantifiers, i.e., attributes and adverbials. German and Russian proved to have such varieties of iterative-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity and non-simultaneity as (1) deverbative-iterative, (2) verbaliterative, and (3) adverbial-iterative and attributive-iterative. Actualization of certain iterative-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity and non-simultaneity depends on genetically-iterative, genetically-multiplicative, and word-formation-iterative deverbatives, as well as on iterative verbs of different semantics (actual iteratives, diminutives, multiplicatives, distributives, etc.) and iterative quantifiers (attributes and adverbials).
3
Martínez, Sergio, David Sánchez, and Aida Valls. "Semantic adaptive microaggregation of categorical microdata." Computers & Security 31, no. 5 (July 2012): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2012.04.003.
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4
Аrhipova, I. V. "CONSECUTIVE TAXIS IN THE ASPECT OF INTERCATEGORIAL INTERACTION (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT-STRUCTURED LANGUAGES)." Siberian Philological Forum 17, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-17-4-101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Statement of the problem. Due to the lack of coverage of the issue of intercategorial interaction of various functional-semantic categories, this problem remains the most relevant today. The focus of our research is the problem of intercategorial inclusion of the functional-semantic category of taxis and the category of consecutivity. Intercategorial inclusion of these categories determines the constitution of consecutive-taxis semantic syncretic complexes and the actualization of consecutive-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity in statements with monotaxis prepositions of consecutive semantics. The purpose of this article is to describe the actualization of consecutive-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity in different-structured languages: German, English, Dutch, Russian, and Polish. Methodology (materials and methods). The material was the statements of the German, Dutch, English, Russian, and Polish languages with monotaxic prepositions of the consecutive semantics infolge, ingevolge, krachtens, wskutek, w skutku, skutkiem, na skutek, w wyniku, w efekcie, w rezultaci, вследствие, в результате. The main methods used were the following: continuous sampling, hypothetical-deductive, inductive, and descriptive methods, classification method, as well as the method of synthesis and interpretation of linguistic material. Research results. It was found out that German, English, Dutch, Polish, and Russian statements with monotaxis prepositions of the consecutive semantics infolge, ingevolge, krachtens, wskutek, w skutku, skutkiem, na skutek, w wyniku, w efekcie, w rezultaci, вследствие, в результате, represent consequently taxis semantic syncretic complexes of simultaneity. They actualize consecutive-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity. Monotaxis prepositions of consecutive semantics act as markers of consecutive-taxis categorial situations of simultaneity. Deverbatives in combination with consecutive prepositions act as taxis actualizers.
5
Siutkina, Nadezhda P., and Svetlana V. Shustova. "EMOTIVE-EXPRESSIVE-CAUSATIVE SEMANTIC SUBCOMPLEX." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2019): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_133_139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, from the standpoint of functional grammar, the category of emotive causatives is analyzed, by which we mean the verbs of interpersonal interaction, realizing their meaning in the categorical situation of causation and modification of emotional interaction. In speech, we observe the interaction of categorical elements of the utterance, which actualize various categories. In this case, we observe the functioning of a categorical semantic complex - a set of semantic categories functionally united by a common intentionality. We analyze the situation of modification of the mental sphere in the object of causation, namely, the causation of emotional modification, therefore we single out the emotive-causative categorical complex. The main content of the complex is the actualization of a positive or negative modification of the emotional state of the object of causation, and it is implemented by two categorical semes: emotive seme and cause seme. The category of expressiveness interacts with the category of emotive causatives in speech, therefore, we single out the emotive-expressive-causative categorical semantic subcomplex. When implementing such a subcomplex, the causer has an effect on the object of causation in order to change its emotional state. The result of causation in the situation of emotional modification lies in the meaning of the verb - the emotive causative.
6
Sachs, Olga, Susanne Weis, Nadia Zellagui, Katharina Sass, Walter Huber, Mikhail Zvyagintsev, Klaus Mathiak, and Tilo Kircher. "How Different Types of Conceptual Relations Modulate Brain Activation during Semantic Priming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 5 (May 2011): 1263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21483.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Semantic priming, a well-established technique to study conceptual representation, has thus far produced variable fMRI results, both regarding the type of priming effects and their correlation with brain activation. The aims of the current study were (a) to investigate two types of semantic relations—categorical versus associative—under controlled processing conditions and (b) to investigate whether categorical and associative relations between words are correlated with response enhancement or response suppression. We used fMRI to examine neural correlates of semantic priming as subjects performed a lexical decision task with a long SOA (800 msec). Four experimental conditions were compared: categorically related trials (couch–bed), associatively related trials (couch–pillow), unrelated trials (couch–bridge), and nonword trials (couch–sibor). We found similar behavioral priming effects for both categorically and associatively related pairs. However, the neural priming effects differed: Categorically related pairs resulted in a neural suppression effect in the right MFG, whereas associatively related pairs resulted in response enhancement in the left IFG. A direct contrast between them revealed activation for categorically related trials in the right insular lobe. We conclude that perceptual and functional similarity of categorically related words may lead to response suppression within right-lateralized frontal regions that represent more retrieval effort and the recruitment of a broader semantic field. Associatively related pairs that require a different processing of the related target compared to the prime may lead to the response enhancement within left inferior frontal regions. Nevertheless, the differences between associative and categorical relations might be parametrical rather than absolutely distinct as both relationships recruit similar regions to a different degree.
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Arkhipova, I. V. "ACTUALIZATION OF THE CATEGORICAL SEMANTICS OF TAXIS IN THE POLISH LANGUAGE." Siberian Philological Forum 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2022-19-2-113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Statement of the problem. Due to the lack of coverage of the issue on actualization of the categorical semantics of taxis in the Polish language, this problem remains most relevant today. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe taxis meanings in various types of statements in modern Polish. Methodology (materials and methods). The study was carried out within the framework of the functional-semantic approach to the study of semantic categories and language units. The main methods used are the following: continuous sampling, hypothetical-deductive, inductive, and descriptive methods, classification method, as well as the method of generalization and interpretation of linguistic material. Research results. The study found out that the categorical semantics of the independent taxis of simultaneity and non-simultaneity is actualized in various complex and compound sentences with taxis conjunctions of different semantics. Primary-taxis meanings of simultaneity, precedence and succession are actualized in complex sentences with temporal clauses, and secondary-taxis meanings of simultaneity - in complex sentences with adverbial clauses, as well as in compound sentences with consecutive semantics. The categorical semantics of the dependent taxis of simultaneity and heterotemporality is represented in Polish primary-type and secondary-type statements with deverbatives with taxis prepositions of temporal and adverbial semantics.
8
Dorfman, Jennifer, and George Mandler. "Implicit and Explicit Forgetting: When is Gist Remembered?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 3 (August 1994): 651–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recognition (YES/NO) and stem completion (cued: complete with a word from the list; and uncued: complete with the first word that comes to mind) were tested following either semantic or non-semantic processing of a categorized input list. Item/instance information was tested by contrasting target items from the input list with new items that were categorically related to them; gist/categorical information was tested by comparing target items semantically related to the input items with unrelated new items. For both recognition and stem completion, regardless of initial processing condition, item information decayed rapidly over a period of one week. Gist information was maintained over the same period when initial processing was semantic but only in the cued condition for completion. These results are discussed in terms of dual process theory, which postulates activation/integration of a representation as primarily relevant to implicit item information and elaboration of a representation as mainly relevant to semantic (i.e. categorical) information.
9
Reisinger, Drew, Rachel Rudinger, Francis Ferraro, Craig Harman, Kyle Rawlins, and Benjamin Van Durme. "Semantic Proto-Roles." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 3 (December 2015): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We present the first large-scale, corpus based verification of Dowty’s seminal theory of proto-roles. Our results demonstrate both the need for and the feasibility of a property-based annotation scheme of semantic relationships, as opposed to the currently dominant notion of categorical roles.
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Steingartner, William, and Valerie Novitzká. "Categorical model of structural operational semantics for imperative language." Journal of information and organizational sciences 40, no. 2 (December 9, 2016): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31341/jios.40.2.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Definition of programming languages consists of the formal definition of syntax and semantics. One of the most popular semantic methods used in various stages of software engineering is structural operational semantics. It describes program behavior in the form of state changes after execution of elementary steps of program. This feature makes structural operational semantics useful for implementation of programming languages and also for verification purposes. In our paper we present a new approach to structural operational semantics. We model behavior of programs in category of states, where objects are states, an abstraction of computer memory and morphisms model state changes, execution of a program in elementary steps. The advantage of using categorical model is its exact mathematical structure with many useful proved properties and its graphical illustration of program behavior as a path, i.e. a composition of morphisms. Our approach is able to accentuate dynamics of structural operational semantics. For simplicity, we assume that data are intuitively typed. Visualization and facility of our model is not only a new model of structural operational semantics of imperative programming languages but it can also serve for education purposes.
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Nadezhda Pavlovna, Siutkina, and Siutkina Nadezhda Pavlovna. "Functional Aspects of Emotive-Causative Categorical Semantic Complex." Issledovatel'skiy zhurnal russkogo yazyka i literatury 9, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/iarll.17.127.
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12
Maintenant, Célia, Agnès Blaye, Valérie Pennequin, and Jean-Louis Paour. "Predictors of semantic categorical flexibility in older adults." British Journal of Psychology 104, no. 2 (May 30, 2012): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2012.02116.x.
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Wiese, Holger, and Stefan R. Schweinberger. "Accessing Semantic Person Knowledge: Temporal Dynamics of Nonstrategic Categorical and Associative Priming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 2 (February 2011): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent theories of semantic memory suggest a subdivision into several separate domains of knowledge. The present study examined the structure of semantic person knowledge by analyzing both behavioral and ERP correlates of associative priming (via co-occurrence and/or shared semantic information) versus purely categorical priming (via shared occupational information). Participants performed familiarity decisions for target faces, which were preceded by sandwich-masked prime names at either short (33 msec) or long (1033 msec) SOAs. Although masking effectively prevented explicit prime recognition, faster RTs were generally observed for both associative and categorical priming (relative to an unrelated prime-target condition). At the short SOA, both associatively and categorically primed targets similarly elicited more positive going ERPs compared with unrelated targets in the N400 time range (N400 priming effect), suggesting a common initial mechanism mediating both forms of priming. By contrast, at the long SOA, a typical N400 priming effect was observed for associative priming only, whereas the corresponding effect for categorical priming was small and restricted to a left parietal site. This hitherto unreported interaction of relatedness, and SOA in the N400 suggests an initial fast spreading of activation to a wide range of related targets, which subsequently focuses to more closely related people at longer SOAs. This ability of ERPs to trace the neural dynamics of activation for different forms of prime/target relatedness can be exploited for testing different models of semantic priming.
14
Maintenant, Célia, Agnès Blaye, and Jean-Louis Paour. "Semantic categorical flexibility and aging: Effect of semantic relations on maintenance and switching." Psychology and Aging 26, no. 2 (2011): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021686.
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15
JÖRDENS, KIM A., NICOLE GOTZNER, and KATHARINA SPALEK. "The role of non-categorical relations in establishing focus alternative sets." Language and Cognition 12, no. 4 (June 5, 2020): 729–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2020.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTCategorisation is arguably the most important organising principle in semantic memory. However, elements that are not in a categorical relation can be dynamically grouped together when the context provides a common theme for these elements. In the field of sentence (and discourse) comprehension, alternatives to a focused element can be thought of as a set of elements determined by a theme given in the utterance context. According to Alternative Semantics (Rooth, 1985, 1992), the main function of linguistic focus is to introduce a set of alternatives to the focused element within an utterance. Here, we will investigate the contribution of the utterance context to the composition of focus alternative sets. Specifically, we test whether a focus alternative set can contain elements that belong to different taxonomic categories (i.e., that are not closely semantically related). Using a behavioural probe recognition experiment, we show that participants activate elements from another taxonomic category than the focused element as part of sentence comprehension. This finding suggests that the composition of a focus alternative set is not simply based on semantic relations between the members of the set and the focused element, but that contextual relations also play a crucial role.
16
Gainotti, Guido. "The Categorical Organization of Semantic and Lexical Knowledge in the Brain." Behavioural Neurology 3, no. 2 (1990): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/760649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years several papers have shown that different verbal and non-verbal semantic categories can be selectively disrupted by brain damage and that consistent anatomical localizations correspond to each category-specific semantic disorder. This paper aims to suggest that the brain regions typically damaged in a given type of category-specific semantic disorder might be critically involved in processing the kind of information which mainly contributes to organizing that semantic category and to distinguishing among its members. This general hypothesis is discussed taking into account: (a) comprehension and production of object names (nouns) and of action names (verbs) in agrammatic and in anomic aphasic patients; (b) verbal and non-verbal identification of body parts; (c) verbal and non-verbal identification of living beings and of man made artefacts.
17
Zhang, Lixiao, and Jun Zhang. "Measurement of Textual Complexity Based on Categorical Invariance." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 7, no. 2 (April 2013): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2013040106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the categorical invariance in human concept learning a measurement of textual complexity is proposed. To reach this, transformations of keywords are defined. If a reader grasps the meaning of keywords and the semantic relationship between keywords and sentences, the authors say he/she has understood the text. The transformations of keywords take the difficulty of keywords and the semantic relations between keywords into account. If a text has more common keywords and relations, its complexity is lower. The experiment shows that the measurement is workable. Representational information based on text complexity is to measure the amount of the information in sentences in respect to the whole text. The example shows that the measured information of each sentence is in accordance with the reader’s reading experience.
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Hsu, Ching-Fen. "Neural Correlates of Causal Inferences and Semantic Priming in People with Williams Syndrome: An fMRI Study." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 8, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.04.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed at examining the ability of causal inferences and semantic priming of people with Williams syndrome (WS). Previous studies pointed out that people with WS showed deviant sentence comprehension, given advantageous lexical semantics. This study investigated the impairment in connecting words in the semantic network by using neuroimaging techniques to reveal neurological deficits in the contextual integration of people with Williams syndrome. Four types of word pairs were presented: causal, categorical, associative, and functional. Behavioural results revealed that causal word pairs required heavier cognitive processing than functional word pairs. Distinct neural correlates of semantic priming confirmed atypical semantic linkage and possible cause of impairment of contextual integration in people with WS. The findings of normal behaviours and atypical neural correlates in people with WS provide evidence of atypical development resulted from early gene mutations.
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Zavialov, V. N., and Xu Ma. "Particular Semantic and Syntactic Properties of Polyfunctional Lexeme LI." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-81-95.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The object of the article is a non-descriptive lexeme. Its use is investigated in various semantic-syntactic and communicativepragmatic contexts. The relevance of the work is due to the need for amore holistic description of a number of primitive linguistic units (a, and, either, or, etc.), the categorical properties of which are not fully and systematically identified within the framework of traditional methods of analysis. The novelty of the work lies in the consideration of all uses within the framework of the functioning of the lexeme-particular of the same name. This approach is due to the principles of nonparadigmatic linguistics — a modern trend in the study of primitive lexemes. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of the principles of the analysis of a particular li based on its ancient categorical properties associated with the semantics of conjecture. It has been established that in all the considered contexts we are dealing with the same particular lexeme, which retains its original categorical properties in them. They are manifested in the questioningness of li (direct or indirect), as well as in various hypothetical meanings that are realized in sentences-statements at a deep syntactic level. Asimilar description technique is applicable to the analysis of the properties of other particular units of the Russian language.
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Horodensʹka, Kateryna. "Achievements of the academic grammar school." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2021): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.03.003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims at investigating the development of grammatical theory at the Institute of the Ukrainian Language for the last 30 years. The paper summarizes achievements in grammar theory from applying the functional, i.e., semantic and grammatical, approach developed by I.R. Vykhovanetsʹ to differentiating units into word and nonword classes and distinguishing morphological categories of major word classes. This facilitated the establishment of the theoretical basis of functional and categorical morphology. The author analyses studies in formal grammatical, semantic, functional, categorical, deri vational, and anthropocentric syntax that attest to the multidimensional growth of a syntactic theory and main aspects of the Ukrainian word formation on the basis of semantic and categorical syntax and a formant- and stem-based derivatology. Some of the latest multi-pronged processes in word formation reflect dynamics of word formation rules, the replenishment of word formation resources, and the development of the word-formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The solving of a complex set of theoretical issues in the modern Ukrainian word-formation introduced the methodological foundations for the recent normative description of the word formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The article addresses issues in studies on applied grammar determined by the process of glo balization and democratization of the Ukrainian society and the needs of Modern Ukrainian language practice to be met. Particular importance is attached to the grammatical prescriptive norms in the professional use, the actualization of case forms appearing in the passive vocabulary, and the dynamics of morphological and syntactic norms in various functional and stylistic dimensions of Standard Ukrainian. Keywords: functional grammar, functional morphology, functional syntax, categorical grammar, categorical syntax, categorical word formation, classification of parts of speech, morphological categories.
21
Попей-олл, С., and S. Popey-oll. "The Theory of Self-Identification and Categorical Research Method." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 8, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c8f49fbadbbc6.99681771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents a categorical method for analyzing the complex processes of personal identity. Human experiences are a result of conscious generalizations that dominate culture and are fixed in semantic categories. The rapid transformation of society fragments a life into many identifying parameters. Therefore, «a self-concept» and a semantic category of being may not be consistent with each other. The harmonious level of self-organization is manifested in the sensory coherence of people: an intention and an expectation. And fragmentation is a chaos of self-awareness and loss of an emotional stability. In a complicating society, the identity of a person becomes multiple and ambiguous. These studies will determine not only the social level of human self-organization, but begin the search for a method to maintain them. The article attempts to consider a categorical method for analyzing the self-identification properties of a people.
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Augustin, Hannah, Martin Sudmanns, Dirk Tiede, Stefan Lang, and Andrea Baraldi. "Semantic Earth Observation Data Cubes." Data 4, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4030102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an increasing amount of free and open Earth observation (EO) data, yet more information is not necessarily being generated from them at the same rate despite high information potential. The main challenge in the big EO analysis domain is producing information from EO data, because numerical, sensory data have no semantic meaning; they lack semantics. We are introducing the concept of a semantic EO data cube as an advancement of state-of-the-art EO data cubes. We define a semantic EO data cube as a spatio-temporal data cube containing EO data, where for each observation at least one nominal (i.e., categorical) interpretation is available and can be queried in the same instance. Here we clarify and share our definition of semantic EO data cubes, demonstrating how they enable different possibilities for data retrieval, semantic queries based on EO data content and semantically enabled analysis. Semantic EO data cubes are the foundation for EO data expert systems, where new information can be inferred automatically in a machine-based way using semantic queries that humans understand. We argue that semantic EO data cubes are better positioned to handle current and upcoming big EO data challenges than non-semantic EO data cubes, while facilitating an ever-diversifying user-base to produce their own information and harness the immense potential of big EO data.
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Babin, S. L., A. A. Wassef, and A. B. Sereno. "Schizophrenic patients exhibit hyper-reflexivity in a semantic categorical priming task." Journal of Neurolinguistics 20, no. 3 (May 2007): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.05.002.
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Khateb, Asaid, Christoph M. Michel, Alan J. Pegna, Simon D. O'Dochartaigh, Theodor Landis, and Jean-Marie Annoni. "Processing of semantic categorical and associative relations: an ERP mapping study." International Journal of Psychophysiology 49, no. 1 (July 2003): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00076-x.
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Ceulemans, Eva, and Gert Storms. "Detecting intra- and inter-categorical structure in semantic concepts using HICLAS." Acta Psychologica 133, no. 3 (March 2010): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.11.011.
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Gromovchuk, M. V. "Somatic (personal) rights: conceptual and categorical principles." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 3 (February 20, 2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.03.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the context of the research topic, the author focused on the conceptual and categorical apparatus. The focus is on the issues of "somatic" and "personal" categories in the context of human rights. It is established that there is no consensus on the content and terminology of such rights. Moreover, the terminological aspect seems to us no less important, because semantic unambiguity in law is a necessity that avoids contradictions between the definition of the term and its legal essence, difficulties in interpreting the laws. Violation of the requirement of uniformity in definitions leads to the emergence of "terminological polysemy".
It is noted that despite a number of scientific approaches to the problem of personal rights, diversity of opinion and radically different understanding of the purposes of recognition of these rights by morals, ethics, religion, politics, studied in terms of law and philosophy, it follows that these rights are different close connection with fundamental rights and the physiological essence of man, dependence on progress in biomedicine, is the product of modern society, require an appropriate mechanism of legal support and, undoubtedly, is a large group of human rights. Personal (somatic) rights need to determine a worthy place in the human rights system and the system of Ukrainian and international law.
The author considers it appropriate to use the term "somatic rights" and not "personal", first, because of the explanation of the danger of possible pluralism in socio-humanitarian knowledge and the terminological similarity of the definition of "personal" rights with "personal" human rights and, according to -second, due to the fact that substantiating the legal scientific nature of the term "personal" rights, the main semantic load is precisely the word "personality"; these are rights that have an individual, "purely personal character."
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Luzzatti, Claudio, Ilaria Mauri, Stefania Castiglioni, Marta Zuffi, Chiara Spartà, Francesco Somalvico, and Massimo Franceschi. "Evaluating Semantic Knowledge Through a Semantic Association Task in Individuals With Dementia." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 35 (January 1, 2020): 153331752091729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317520917294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conceptual knowledge is supported by multiple semantic systems that are specialized for the analysis of different properties associated with object concepts. Various types of semantic association between concrete concepts—categorical (CA), encyclopedic (EA), functional (FA), and visual-encyclopedic (VEA) associations—were tested through a new picture-to-picture matching task (semantic association task, SAT). Forty individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 13 with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD), 6 with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and 37 healthy participants were tested with the SAT. Within-group comparisons highlighted a global impairment of all types of semantic association in bv-FTD individuals but a disproportionate impairment of EA and FA, with relative sparing of CA and VEA, in AD individuals. Single-case analyses detected dissociations in all dementia groups. Conceptual knowledge can be selectively impaired in various types of neurodegenerative disease on the basis of the specific cognitive process that is disrupted.
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Silnitsky, Anton. "The Cluster Configuration of the Semantic Space of Polysituational Juridical Verbs with the Subject «Judge» in English." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 4 (52) (December 16, 2020): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-52-4-101-115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the semantic space of polysituational juridical verbs with the subject «judge» in English. The theoretical part of the research combines some aspects of «verb-centric» conception and «quantitative linguistics». A polisituational verb» implies a complex verbal situation
consisting of several simple situations. The notion of a «juridical verb» correlates with a juridical social sphere. The article substantiates diagnostic semantic features which constitute the structural elements of the semantic space. The semantic features are organized into semantic plans. One semantic plan
(«chronostructural») being «categorical» integrates the features «basic situation» and «background situation». The «subcategorical» semantic plans are: «teleological » (the features: «definite» and «indefinite» situations), «temporal» (the features:
«retrospective» and «prospective» situations), «motivational» («strong» and «weak» situations), «adject-legal» («base», «sanctions» and «processual» law), «adject-functional» («instrumental» and «purpose-oriented» law), «adjectsubstantive» («material» and «person» adject), «interactive» («convergent», «divergent » and «invergent»), «hierarchical» («dominant» and «subordinate» subject),
«axiological» («positive» and «negative» evaluation). Each subcategorical semantic feature (exept for temporal plan features) correlates with one of the categorical
(«basic situation» or «background situation»). The actant «judge» is modeled by means of the following features within a basic situation: «processual» law, «instrumental» law and «dominant» subject. By means of cluster analysis the semantic features were grouped into two clusters («Divergent» and «Convergent-invergent») in correlation with an accusatorial
or a justificatory-undifferentiated sentence. The differential (most relevant) semantic characteristics within the basic situation are the features of interactive and motivational plans, within the background situation they constitute the features of adject-legal, adject-functional and interactive plans.
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KAKSIN, ANDREY D. "WORDS DENOTING WRESTLING IN KHAKAS AND TUVIN LANGUAGES (ON THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD KüRES / HүREš)". Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, № 4 (2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_84_93.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the possibilities of word variation in the development of the semantic (lexical) system of language. The necessity of this study is determined by the fact that in Khakass and Tuva linguistics there are not enough works devoted to development patterns of categorical semantics of the word. The article defines how the meaning of words found in proto-languages is advanced at further stages of language development. The obtained results demonstrate that the original words with the semantics in question already existed in the Old-Turkic era. Their semantic development is characterized by its own logic: the vector is set by the inner form of an ancient root (kүš, küs); during affixation (küres, hүreš), the choice of the motivating root is observed. The hypothesis is proven that for different Turkic languages, the vector can be either “the same” or different. In the second case, the distinctive lines, although visible enough, extend within certain limits: even with a sufficiently strong deviation from a given line of variation, they maintain a deep bond with the semantics of the original root...
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Wrede, Olga, Dasa Munkova, Tomas Banik, and Michal Munk. "Zur Erforschung von Korrelationen zwischen verschiedenen Fehlertypen bei der maschinellen Übersetzung aus dem Deutschen ins Slowakische." Lebende Sprachen 67, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 432–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2022-1032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We focus on examining the impact of machine translation (MT) error rate on adequacy and fluency in machine-translated journalistic texts. German is the source language, with significant polysynthetic features in the formation of composites, and the target language is Slovak, with predominantly inflected features. We analyse twelve error categories, which are incorporated into the categorical framework for the analysis of MT errors and correspond to the four-member core MQM-DQF error typology. The results show that the most significant errors are in the categories of lexical semantics, syntactic-semantic correlativeness and grammar.
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KEITH, MARGAUX, and ELENA NICOLADIS. "The role of within-language vocabulary size in children's semantic development: evidence from bilingual children." Journal of Child Language 40, no. 4 (July 25, 2012): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000268.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThis study tested whether bilingual children show a lag in semantic development (the schematic–categorical shift) relative to monolingual children due to smaller vocabularies within a language. Twenty French–English bilingual and twenty English monolingual children (seven to ten years old) participated in a picture-naming task in English. Their errors were coded for schematic or categorical relations. The bilingual children made more schematic errors than monolinguals, a difference that was accounted for statistically by vocabulary score differences. This result suggests that within-language vocabulary size is one important factor in semantic development and may explain why bilingual children sometimes show a lag relative to monolingual children in one of their languages, perhaps the language in which they have received less formal instruction.
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Dyakov, Sergey. "Semantic Representation of Social and Role Identification in Subject Self-Organization of Personality." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 27, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-52-79.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. Based on the psycholongvistic approach, which is widely represented in world personology and psychosemantics, revealing the subjective descriptive characteristics of a person, an attempt is made to build a model and diagnostic technique for mental personality self-organization (PSO).
Material and method. The psycholinguistic method of theoretical structuring and systematization of scientific and theoretical data is presented in the perspective of the subjective paradigm and methodology of the system-synergetic approach (psychological and philosophical) is presented in the construction of a categorical-conceptual model of subjectivity in PSO. Based on the method of categorical-conceptual modeling, a model and methodology for semantic analysis and assessment of subjectness self-organization of personality based on individual characteristics of the experience of social-role identification, reflecting the characteristics of feelings and constructs of understanding that determine the conscious will of the subject, is developed.
Results. Psycholinguistic scales of semantic constructs are highlighted of the psychic (functional and motivational) and activity (professional, business, and creative) levels of subjectivity are distinguished. The empirical material reflects the verification of the semantic model and methodology. Modified repertoire lattices by J. Kelly and expert assessment in semantic analysis and classification of constructs served as a method of collecting empirical data. An array of constructs obtained (N=2000) reflects the well-known categorical-conceptual aspects of psychic phenomena (processes-states-properties) and external environmental and sociocultural characteristics, thus revealing the socio-psychological aspects of social-role personality identification, which allows analysis and subjectness assessment. Findings. The presented semantic scales of qualities and personality traits (factors of socio-psychological identification) reveal the systemic relationship and the level structure of the PSO, and also make it possible to assess subjectness.
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Ingram, Ruth U., Ajay D. Halai, Gorana Pobric, Seyed Sajjadi, Karalyn Patterson, and Matthew A. Lambon Ralph. "Graded, multidimensional intra- and intergroup variations in primary progressive aphasia and post-stroke aphasia." Brain 143, no. 10 (September 17, 2020): 3121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Language impairments caused by stroke (post-stroke aphasia, PSA) and neurodegeneration (primary progressive aphasia, PPA) have overlapping symptomatology, nomenclature and are classically divided into categorical subtypes. Surprisingly, PPA and PSA have rarely been directly compared in detail. Rather, previous studies have compared certain subtypes (e.g. semantic variants) or have focused on a specific cognitive/linguistic task (e.g. reading). This study assessed a large range of linguistic and cognitive tasks across the full spectra of PSA and PPA. We applied varimax-rotated principal component analysis to explore the underlying structure of the variance in the assessment scores. Similar phonological, semantic and fluency-related components were found for PSA and PPA. A combined principal component analysis across the two aetiologies revealed graded intra- and intergroup variations on all four extracted components. Classification analysis was used to test, formally, whether there were any categorical boundaries for any subtypes of PPA or PSA. Semantic dementia formed a true diagnostic category (i.e. within group homogeneity and distinct between-group differences), whereas there was considerable overlap and graded variations within and between other subtypes of PPA and PSA. These results suggest that (i) a multidimensional rather than categorical classification system may be a better conceptualization of aphasia from both causes; and (ii) despite the very different types of pathology, these broad classes of aphasia have considerable features in common.
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Гарин, С. В. "Minimal Categorical System and Predication Theory In Porphyry." Logical Investigations 23, no. 1 (May 4, 2017): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-1-140-150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers some problematic aspects of Porphyry’s typology of Aristotle’s categories and the theory of predication. Minimal (_________) class of categories in Porphyry is revealed. The work has shed some light on the opposition between $\textit{explanation}$ and $\textit{description}$ (__________ / ___________) within the framework of ancient categorical logic. A fourfold pattern of predication theory in Porphyry is described. The study aims to illuminate the development of Porphyry’s predication theory towards the archaic doctrine of quantifiers. Particular attention is paid to Porphyry’s account of semantic relation between sets. The paper represents Porphyry’s nine kinds of class / item relationships. The article focuses on the awakening of academic interest to the logical heritage of Porphyry.
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Shibui, Susumu, Hiroshi Yamada, Takao Sato, and Kazuo Shigemasu. "The relationship between the categorical perception of facial expressions and semantic distances." Japanese journal of psychology 72, no. 3 (2001): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.72.219.
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Vachon, François, John E. Marsh, and Katherine Labonté. "The automaticity of semantic processing revisited: Auditory distraction by a categorical deviation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 149, no. 7 (July 2020): 1360–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000714.
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Giora, Rachel, and Judd Ne'eman. "Categorical organization in the narrative discourse: A semantic analysis of Il conformista." Journal of Pragmatics 26, no. 6 (December 1996): 715–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(96)00025-2.
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Kalscheur, Emily J., Cassandra C. Kandah, John L. Woodard, Woojin Song, and Michael Seidenberg. "Duration of Fame and Extent of Semantic Knowledge of Famous Names in Cognitively Intact Older Adults." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 8 (March 7, 2019): 1382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objective The greater resilience of older memories relative to recent memories has primarily been demonstrated in clinical groups, but this phenomenon has been less extensively examined in cognitively intact older adults. Additionally, most studies of person-identity have only examined recognition or familiarity of a famous face or name, and there has been less systematic study of access to more specific person-identity semantic knowledge. The current study examined the effect of both memory age and extent of semantic knowledge on famous name recognition and retrieval of person-identity biographical information in healthy older adults. Method We examined recognition accuracy and response time of famous names at three time epochs (recent fame, transitory fame and enduring fame) in cognitively intact older adults. We also compared access to semantic knowledge that differed on the degree of specificity of biographical information: categorical, associative, and attribute knowledge. Results As predicted, participants recognized transitory famous names more quickly and accurately than recent famous names. Additionally, participants recognized enduring famous names more accurately than transitory famous names and recent names. We also found that categorical semantic knowledge was accessed more quickly and accurately than semantic knowledge for associative and attribute information. Conclusions These findings provide data on the cognitive structure and retrieval of person-identity knowledge and memory age in older cognitively intact individuals.
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Bodnaruk, Elena V. "Semantics and pragmatics of the imperative in the modern German language." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 16, no. 3 (2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2018-16-3-67-76.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the imperative, one of the moods, which has a large scope of semantic and pragmatic functions. The author analyses the grammatical status of the imperative and the structure of its paradigm, proving its categorical belonging to both morphology and syntax. The main components of its semantics and the restrictions in the imperative forms usage are revealed and described. The semantics of the imperative is presented in connection with the future time orientation so that we can observe the synonymy of forms and constructions which express imperativeness through actualizing the meaning of the motivation for an action. The usage of the imperative forms in different speech acts is analyzed.
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Desclés, Jean-Pierre. "La linguistique peut-elle sortir de son état pré-galiléen ?" Neophilologica 2019 33 (November 10, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/neo.2021.33.17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The future of linguistics implies a better definition of concepts, especially in the semantic analysis. The notion of operator plays an important role in several areas of linguistics, for instance categorical grammars and representations of the meanings of grammatical categories. The general topology makes it possible to mathematize the grammatical concepts (time, aspects, modalities, enunciative operations) by means of operators. Curry’s Combinatorial Logic is an adequate formalism for composing and transforming operators at different levels of analysis that connect the semiotic expressions of languages (the observables) with their semantico-cognitive interpretations. The article refers to many studies that develop the points discussed.
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Robert, PH, V. Migneco, D. Marmod, I. Chaix, S. Thauby, M. Benoit, CH Beau, and G. Darcourt. "Verbal fluency in schizophrenia: The role of semantic clustering in category instance generation." European Psychiatry 12, no. 3 (1997): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80200-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether schizophrenic patients' impairment in semantic verbal fluency tasks is due to difficulties in organizing their search or, in other words, in organizing output in terms of clusters of meaningfully related words. Consecutive association of words belonging to subcategories of the semantic task was defined as semantic clustering. A categorical verbal fluency task was first administered to 100 healthy subjects and then to 22 schizophrenic patients and 22 healthy subjects matched for sex, age and education. In the normal population, semantic clustering was found to be involved in word generation. A large number of semantic clusters indicated efficient organization of semantic knowledge and led to better word production. Schizophrenic patients showed impaired verbal fluency and generated a smaller number of semantic clusters than the control subjects. These findings point to a defect in self-initiation of semantic categorization in schizophrenia.
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Caramazza, Alfonso, and Jennifer R. Shelton. "Domain-Specific Knowledge Systems in the Brain: The Animate-Inanimate Distinction." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998563752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We claim that the animate and inanimate conceptual categories represent evolutionarily adapted domain-specific knowledge systems that are subserved by distinct neural mechanisms, thereby allowing for their selective impairment in conditions of brain damage. On this view, (some of) the category-specific deficits that have recently been reported in the cognitive neuropsychological literature—for example, the selective damage or sparing of knowledge about animals—are truly categorical effects. Here, we articulate and defend this thesis against the dominant, reductionist theory of category-specific deficits, which holds that the categorical nature of the deficits is the result of selective damage to noncategorically organized visual or functional semantic subsystems. On the latter view, the sensory/functional dimension provides the fundamental organizing principle of the semantic system. Since, according to the latter theory, sensory and functional properties are differentially important in determining the meaning of the members of different semantic categories, selective damage to the visual or the functional semantic subsystem will result in a category-like deficit. A review of the literature and the results of a new case of category-specific deficit will show that the domain-specific knowledge framework provides a better account of category-specific deficits than the sensory/functional dichotomy theory.
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PRAVATO, ALBERTO, SIMONA RONCHI della ROCCA та LUCA ROVERSI. "The call-by-value λ-calculus: a semantic investigation". Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 9, № 5 (жовтень 1999): 617–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129598002722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is about a categorical approach for modelling the pure (i.e., without constants) call-by-value λ-calculus, defined by Plotkin as a restriction of the call-by-name λ-calculus. In particular, we give the properties that a category Cbv must enjoy to describe a model of call-by-value λ-calculus. The category Cbv is general enough to catch models in Scott Domains and Coherence Spaces.
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Cowen, Alan S., and Dacher Keltner. "Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 38 (September 5, 2017): E7900—E7909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702247114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emotions are centered in subjective experiences that people represent, in part, with hundreds, if not thousands, of semantic terms. Claims about the distribution of reported emotional states and the boundaries between emotion categories—that is, the geometric organization of the semantic space of emotion—have sparked intense debate. Here we introduce a conceptual framework to analyze reported emotional states elicited by 2,185 short videos, examining the richest array of reported emotional experiences studied to date and the extent to which reported experiences of emotion are structured by discrete and dimensional geometries. Across self-report methods, we find that the videos reliably elicit 27 distinct varieties of reported emotional experience. Further analyses revealed that categorical labels such as amusement better capture reports of subjective experience than commonly measured affective dimensions (e.g., valence and arousal). Although reported emotional experiences are represented within a semantic space best captured by categorical labels, the boundaries between categories of emotion are fuzzy rather than discrete. By analyzing the distribution of reported emotional states we uncover gradients of emotion—from anxiety to fear to horror to disgust, calmness to aesthetic appreciation to awe, and others—that correspond to smooth variation in affective dimensions such as valence and dominance. Reported emotional states occupy a complex, high-dimensional categorical space. In addition, our library of videos and an interactive map of the emotional states they elicit (https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/emogifs/map.html) are made available to advance the science of emotion.
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Starodubets, Svetlana N. "Categorical realization of conceptually significant meaning in I.A. Ilyin’s discourse." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2022): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-22.065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper discusses the specifics of the synthetic discourse of works by I.A. Ilyin, which connects the features of philosophical, religious and aesthetic discourses. The method of linguity literal interpretation, aimed at justifying the characteristics of the functioning of language units in the discourse of the individual, is established by the originality of the interaction of philosophical, religious, political and aesthetic plans of the content in the word and text. Three options for the interaction of discourses are described: philosophical plus political, plus religious, plus aesthetic; philosophical plus religious, plus aesthetic, philosophical plus aesthetic. It is determined that in the discourse of I.A. Ilyin structural and semantic synthesis of word and text conditions implemented by the categories of personality, events, temporality, space and evaluation, asked by the philosophical mental vector, due to the interaction on the field of discourse of philosophical and religious, philosophical and aesthetic, philosophical and political conditions of content. Conceptually significant meaning is decoded by establishing the explicit and implicit methods of representation of the semantics of the word, micro and macrocontext, deterministic cohesion of the personal discourse. The proposed interpretation of the synthetic type discourse determines the discourse of the works of I.A. Ilyin as a specific communicative space, outlined by the following coordinate system: Actually thinking (philosophy), an active public position (polytick), the purpose of “seeing in the whole of God” (religion), “Justice in the subject / subject” (aesthetics).
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Mello, Claudia Berlim de, Jacqueline Abrisqueta-Gomez, Gilberto Fernando Xavier, and Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno. "Involution of categorical thinking processes in Alzheimer's disease: Preliminary results." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2, no. 1 (March 2008): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20100012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized by progressive losses in cognitive functions, including memory. The sequence of these losses may correspond to the inverse order of the normal sequence of ontogenetic cognitive acquisitions, a process named retrogenesis. One of the acquisitions that improve in normal development is the ability to retrieve previously acquired categorical knowledge from semantic memory in order to guide associative thinking and memory processes; consequently, children become able to associate verbal stimuli in more complex taxonomic ways and to use this knowledge to improve their recall. Objective: In this study, we investigated if AD-related deterioration of semantic memory involves a decrease in categorical thinking processes with progression of the disease, according to the retrogenesis hypothesis. Methods: We compared the performance of AD patients at mild and moderate stages, and of groups of 7, 10 and 14-year-old children in tasks of free association along with recall tasks of perceptually and semantically related stimuli. Results: ANOVAS showed a decrease in taxonomic associations and an increase in diffuse associations between mild and moderate stages, corresponding to the inverse order shown by the child groups. At the moderate AD stage, the pattern was similar to that of 7-year-old children. Both groups of patients performed worse than child groups in recall tasks. Conclusions: These results corroborate the hypothesis of an involution of the processes of categorical associative thinking in the course of the disease.
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Zimmermann, Ilse. "Partizip II-Konstruktionen des Deutschen als Modifikatoren." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 14 (January 1, 1999): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.14.1999.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This contribution concerns the interaction of morphology, syntax and semantics. It treats German past participles and concentrates on their function as heads in attributive and adverbial modifier phrases. It is argued that participles have the same argument structure as the underlying verbs and can undergo passivization, perfectivization and conversion to adjectives. Since these three operations involve changes in the morphosyntactic categorization they are considered as zero affixation. Two affixless templates – without any categorical changes – convert participle constructions to modifiers relating to participants or to situations. These phrases do not have a syntactic position for the grammatical subject, an operator or an adverbial relator. The pertinent components are present only in the semantic structure. Two further templates serve the composition of participle constructions as modifiers with the modificandum. It is necessary to differentiate between modifiers which function as predicates and those which have the status of a propositional operator. In syntax, these different semantic functions correspond to different adjunct positions of the respective participle phrases.
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Margiani, Ketevan, and Tamar Chankseliani. "The Functional-Semantic Analysis of Particles Expressing Simple Negation in the Svan Language1." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION VII, no. 2 (December 29, 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22333/ijme.2019.14007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Svan language there are more negative particles as compared to other Kartvelian languages – Georgian, Megrelian and Laz. The negative particles in the Svan language form three semantic groups expressing simple negation, negation of possibility and prohibition. The Svan language abounds in simple particles expressing negation: მ m , მ მა m ma, მამა mama, მ დე m de, მადმა madma, მ m , მ მა m ma, მ დე m de, მოდმა modma, დ მა d ma, დ მამ d mam, დ სა d sa, დ სა d sa, დ მის d mis, დ მა d ma, დემე(გ) deme(g), დე de, დეი dei... These particles are considered as allomorphs. However, they can be differentiated based on functional and semantic criteria. The functional differentiation has been carried out by T. Sharadzenidze who proved that the negative particles are used in different types of sentences based on the vowels ( , ე e and ო o) which form part of these particles; On the other hand, these particles are semantically diverse, as they express different degree of categoricity: some of them are neutral, non-categorical, and correspond to the Georgian არ/არა ar/ara (No/Not), while others reveal high degree of categoricity. Such particles are hard to translate. In the oral speech, their semantic nuances are revealed by means of intonation. This is natural, because categoricity and probability are semantically incompatible concepts. Their substitution with less categorical neutral negative particles yields a different interpretation of the subject’s attitude to actions or events in the text.
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Oshevskiy, D. S., and N. G. Nazarova. "The semantic sphere of juvenile offenders." Psychology and Law 6, no. 4 (2016): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the results of a preliminary empirical study aimed to identify features of the semantic sphere of adolescents who have committed illegal, including aggressive acts. The study included 50 male juveniles aged of 16 - 17 years. The first group consisted of adolescents convicted of aggressive and violent crimes; the second – of property socially dangerous acts (SDA). It is shown that evaluation of such adolescents is generally categorical and polar, the semantic field is subdifferentiable, less hierarchic, and has not enough realistic structure of meanings. Developed structure of motives and meanings is the basis of voluntary regulation of socially significant behavior. Thus, assessing the semantic sphere of juvenile offenders we can highlight its characteristics as risk factors of unlawful behavior, as well as the resource side, that will contribute to addressing issues of prevention and correction of unlawful behavior. Key words: juvenile offenders, semantic field of juvenile offenders, unlawful behavior.
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Vorobets, Oleksii. "Functional and Semantic Extension of the Sentence of the Modern Ukrainian Literary Language." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 8, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.8.2.131-136.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The latest linguistic research has witnessed a strengthening of the analytical consideration of syntactic semantics, the introduction of functional-semantic approach to determining the specifics of the sentence, its nucleus and potentially nucleus components in the inter-categorical section. It is obvious that the analysis of the sentence semantic organization takes into consideration the functions of individual syntaxemes, their system relations network, as well as syntactic properties of grammatical classes of words. At the same time, there arises a problem of complex analysis and interpretation of the mechanisms of semantics and functioning of a syntactic organization in general, as well as each of its units in particular. Typology of the syntactic system of the Ukrainian language, introduction of changes into the "from semantics to function", "from function to semantics", "complex, semantic and functional potential" ideas, all these contribute to the study of syntactic constructions on both the superficial and deep meaning levels. It is noteworthy that linguistic semantics relies on the idea of "non-alternative picture of the world" that is a generalized picture of a one-dimensional type, which excludes the option of complementary and mutually contradictory procedures in its interpretation.
Singling out of the extenders in the syntactic plane is connected to the extending way of thinking of the individual, which provides a defining conceptual background of scientific developments, acting as a tool for understanding reality in general and the extending basis of sentence construction in particular. It is the extended view of the surrounding reality allows interpreting the branched system of semantic components and meanings in various structural syntactic units.
Given that the sentence, its structure, responsible for the unity of both the superficial and deep meaning, is the sphere of functioning of syntactically tuned elements, and, therefore, a multifaceted unit allowing interaction of formal, semantic and syntactic features of sentence entities, it is the multifaceted nature of a sentence that provides the context for extenders study.
Functional-semantic extension of the sentence consists of a four-component hierarchy of extender models: elementary extender; extender complex; extender system; mega- extender, and that indicates the semantic potential of the studied syntactic units both from the standpoint of potentially main / main predication, and in terms of functioning in a framework of simple and complex sentences. The study of the problem is complemented by transformational intentions of the extending components, and it allows reaching to the deep meaning of the sentence through functional-semantic features.