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Статті в журналах з теми "Catalyseurs biosourcés"
Mazars, François. "Caffeine, a natural renewable resource for the synthesis of biobased catalysts." Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 2023, 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.11461.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Catalyseurs biosourcés"
Mifleur, Alexis. "Hydroalcoxylation du butadiène par catalyseurs à base de nickel, vers la fonctionnalisation d’alcools biosourcés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10127.
Повний текст джерелаWe described herein a new method for the synthesis of allylics ethers through the selective hydroalcoxylation of dienes with alcohols from nickel based catalysts. The different factors governing the reactivity and selectivity during of the reaction were identified and optimized in order to drive to satisfying yields. In order to exemplify this methodology, new compounds were synthesized from a range of alcohols and dienes. As part of a biomass valorization thematic, we were interested by the diene hydroalcoxylation reaction with biobased alcohols. This synthetic method was applied to diols and polyols from renewable resources transformation such as glycerol. Hydroxyl-ethers are compounds of interest, especially glycerol ethers due to their amphiphilic structure and potential use as fuel additives. During this study, a special interest was dedicated to the mechanism comprehension through a combined organometallic and computational approach in this reaction
Garel, Claire. "De la phytoextraction en Nouvelle-Calédonie aux Eco-Mn : étude structurale de catalyseurs biosourcés et innovants." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT185.
Повний текст джерелаMineral resources are running out, ores are hardly accessible, and ores processing damage the environment. In New-Caledonia, nickel ores mining requires to remove all the upper layers of the ground, leading to open-cast mines subjected to erosion, which threaten the environment and the biodiversity of the archipelago. Although mining ores exploitation is important for the economy of New-Caledonia, the ecological remediation of mining areas through the restoration of a vegetation cover, are necessary.ChimEco laboratory has demonstrated that it is possible to reintroduce pioneering endemic plant species, which are resistant to climate conditions and accumulate manganese, to restore New-Caledonian mining sites. These accumulating plants extract Mn from the ground to their aerial parts: it is called phytoextraction. Besides, ChimEco laboratory puts forward a new scientific and economic valorisation of phytoremediation efforts in New-Caledonia. Indeed, an innovative process has been developed to recycle metallic elements from manganese enriched biomass into innovative and polymetallic catalysts for organic synthesis. This new process is called Ecocatalysis. Ecocatalysts enriched in manganese, Eco-Mn, have demonstrated interesting and promising catalytic activities in several reactions.Regarding the good results achieved by ChimEco in ecology and in chemistry with accumulating plants and resulting Eco-Mn, it is necessary to better and precisely characterise Eco-Mn catalysts, by considering them as innovative materials, in order to understand and foresee their catalytic activity. This PhD work belongs within this context.Several analyses have been performed to characterise Eco-Mn catalysts. First, ICP-MS enables to identify metallic composition of Eco-Mn. Besides, XRD analyses highlight the presence of complex crystallized manganese salts, like K3NaMnCl6. Finally, X-ray absorption spectroscopy enables us to study the nature of manganese species which compose Eco-Mn catalysts, and to understand the oxidation states of Mn and Fe. Moreover, acid properties of Eco-Mn were demonstrated thanks to the study of a cyclic acetal rearrangement and infra-red spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. All these analyses were performed in order to determine first the composition of Eco-Mn catalysts, and secondly to highlight their physico-chemical properties, their oxidation state and their acid properties. Furthermore, this study also enable us to better understand the different steps of the ecocatalysts production process. Finally, synthetic catalysts were also produced and analysed in the same conditions as Eco-Mn, in order to bring out the specificities of Eco-Mn
Bouchneb, Kerkoub Maroua. "Synthèse sol-gel non hydrolytique de catalyseurs stables pour l’hydrogénation en phase aqueuse de substrats biosourcés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS147.
Повний текст джерелаFor a more environmentally friendly process, the hydrogenation of biosourced platform molecules such as succinic acid has to be carried out in the aqueous phase. Considering the harsh reaction conditions (160 °C, 150 bars H2, acid aqueous medium), the design of new, highly stable catalysts is needed. The most active and selective catalysts described for the aqueous phase hydrogenation of succinic acid to 1,4-butanediol are based on palladium promoted by rhenium, impregnated on a TiO2 anatase support. In this thesis, the non-hydrolytic sol-gel process has been used to prepare different oxide and mixed oxide supports based on TiO2 and ZrO2, which are the most stable oxides under hydrothermal conditions. This process allowed the one-step synthesis of high specific surface area mesoporous supports with a controlled crystalline structure and composition. In particular, we showed that it was possible to prepare “promoted supports” (TiO2-Re2O7, TiO2-MoO3, ZrO2-Re2O7, ZrO2-MoO3), incorporating the transition metal promoter, which migrates toward the surface during the calcination. Our hypothesis was that this approach would lead to a better dispersion and possibly a better stability of the promoter, and thus to a more efficient catalyst. The first catalytic tests carried out by our partners at IRCELYON showed that the Pd-based catalysts obtained with our promoted TiO2 supports were more selective and more active than the equivalent catalysts prepared by impregnation from Pd. Then the promoter on a TiO2 support, which seems to validate our initial hypothesis. Catalysis tests on the promoted ZrO2 and ZrO2 substrates are ongoing
Skrzypczak, Valentin. "Développement de nouveaux composés biosourcés par oxydation catalytique et fonctionnalisation de l’isosorbide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R063.
Повний текст джерелаFor several years now, environmental issues are increasing in the common mind. Indeed, the decrease of fossil resources is forcing the players in the world of chemistry to move towards other resources to develop a green and sustainable chemistry. This includes the use of renewable resources. Research and development of new environmentally biomass-based molecules is an integral part of green chemistry.Currently, there are several platform synthons derived from biomass that can be used in this chemistry. Among these synthons, isosorbide is one of the most used biobased molecules. His physicochemical and structural properties are very interesting and allow it to be used in different fields of chemistry. However, Isosorbide has two alcohol functions that can limit his reactivity. Therefore, this project aims to modify these alcohol functions to create new functions with the use of an ecofriendly method.First of all, the goal is to oxidize the hydroxyl functions of isosorbide by organometallic catalysis. The reactivity of the two hydroxyl groups and the influence of the different parameters establish on this oxidation reaction were studied. Different carbonyl derivatives have been produced and have undergone several transformations in order to increase their polarity. The point is to obtain potentially amphiphilic molecules
Brisou, Anna. "Synthèse d'oxydes mixtes par sol-gel non hydrolytique : vers le design de nouveaux catalyseurs adaptés à la conversion de composés biosourcés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe design of new heterogeneous catalysts with good hydrothermal stability that are able to transform bio-based components into building blocks in one single catalytic process is a main challenge in material science.In this context, binary and ternary mixed oxides of silica doped with W, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta et Mg (3 to 20%at.) have been produced with the non-conventional Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel (NHSG) synthesis method. This method enables to obtain highly homogeneous mixed oxides and to finely shape the properties of the material with the synthesis parameters.The solids are mostly amorphous and mesoporous. TEM-EDS, FTIR and ToF-SIMS analysis indicate that the doping elements are highly dispersed in the silica and that most of the mixed oxides display nanometric or atomic scale homogeneity.The NH3 and CO bases show the presence of mostly Lewis weak and medium strength acid sites for these materials. The acid sites density can be improved through: increasing mixed oxide homogeneity, preparing ternary mixed oxides, increasing doping element content.The conversion of the mixture cyclopentanol/cyclohexanone in the gas phase shows that the majority of the materials perform both dehydration and hydrogen transfer reactions (MPVO reduction).After steaming at 400°C, the solids maintain good textures, particularly ternary mixed oxides and mixed oxides containing high dopant content.This study shows the versatility of the NHSG synthesis method and its applicability in order to design binary and ternary mixed oxides. The ternary mixed oxides containing 20%at. of doping elements with Nb, Zr and Ta are promising for the conversion of bio-based compounds
Buniazet, Zoé. "Vers une meilleure connaissance des propriétés acides des catalyseurs hétérogènes en présence d’eau : application à la déshydratation d’alcools biosourcés en oléfines." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1217.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of biomass to obtain platforms molecules such as olefins for the polymer industry, require an adaptation of the catalysts already used in petrochemical processing for the conversion of highly hydrated compounds. During this project we developed a method for acid catalysts characterization in the presence of water and in reaction conditions. This method combines an analysis of catalytic properties by studying the effect of water on parameters such as contact time, temperature, or aging of the catalyst, but also of physicochemical properties in studying the structure and texture of spent catalysts and a study of the acid sites in the presence of water and temperature. The acid sites evolution of was measured by FTIR in situ under continuous flow of NH3 and H2O. The possible competition of adsorption between H2O and NH3 but also between H2O and the reactant were estimated by measuring the heat of adsorption of these species. Oxides of interest (SnO2 / SiO2, WO3/SiO2, TiO2/SiO2 and H4SiW12O40 / SiO 2) were synthesized. These oxides have been finely characterized, particularly in terms of their acidity (using four different probes molecules)
Barraud, Claire. "Impact des stratégies de post-traitements sur la génotoxicité des aérosols complexes émis par les moteurs diesel utilisant des carburants biosourcés." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN4009.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis was the mutagenicity and genotoxicity assessment of whole exhausts issued from diesel engine together with the impact of new biodiesel fuels supplemented with rapeseed methyl ester (rmc) and the impact of aftertreatment devices (diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter). An original exposure device was used on various biological models, exposed directly under a continuous flow of exhaust (on line exposure), and compared with more classical exposure to resuspended particles (off line exposure) in liquid phase. On line exposure device is thought to be more realistic. This on line exposure model provides an innovative tool for the study of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of diesel exhausts, underlining the significant contribution of the gaseous phase. In contrast, particles implication seems to be by far more limited. Aftertreatment devices induce a very significant reduction of mutagenic and genotoxic effects of the particulate matter. On line protocol showed a limited but significant remaining genotoxicity and mutagenicity associated with the gaseous phase. Concerning biofuels, particulate matter is more genotoxic and mutagenic than that issued from standard gasoil. However, on line exposure to the whole aerosol reveals the lower pro-oxidant potential of biofuels. In all cases, the differences between fuels are dramatically reduced, or abolished, by the aftertreatment devices
Hayouni, Safa. "Préparation et caractérisation de solvants biosourcés pour des applications synthétiques et environnementales." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS019/document.
Повний текст джерелаNew biomass derived ionic liquids (ILs) containing phosphonium or ammonium cations with natural organic derived anions (L-lactate, L-tartrate, malonate, succinate, L-malate, pyruvate, D-glucuronate, D-galacturonate, férulate, p-coumarate) were easily prepared with good yields. Other dendritic ionic liquids (DILs) were also obtained from commercial PPI or PAMAM dendrimers. These DILs are containing NTf2 or BF4 anions. The characterization of all ILs was realized through classical NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis techniques; their viscosity and ATG parameters were also determined.These new solvents proved good performance and recyclability for the selective Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes, polyenes and also for the enantioselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones under mild temperature and hydrogen pressure conditions. Furthermore, they showed excellent performances (reaction yields and recycling) for the Heck coupling reaction.Finally, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic DILs were used for removal of metallic ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Ag+) present in contaminated water and the results of the study proved their excellent catching behaviour
Drelon, Mathieu. "Synthèse d’éthers insaturés dérivés de polyols par transformation du butadiène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R084.
Повний текст джерелаGreen chemistry is today a priority axis of research and industry. The use of biobased compounds, safe solvents and economic processes is at the heart of this sustainable chemistry. In particular, many polyhydroxy compounds can be obtained by treatment of the biomass and use in this chemistry. The telomerization of butadiene catalysed by palladium on alcohol or polyol results in the formation of ethers with octadienyl chain. The reaction allows 100% atom economy which is in agreement with the previous concepts of sustainable chemistry. Our study relates the selective synthesis of mono-, di-, tri- or tetratelomers obtained by telomerization of butadiene on biosourced polyols. Optimization of the reaction was first carried out on the glycerol and then transposed on other biosourced polyols such as erythritol, pentaerythritol, methylglucose or sorbitol in order to obtain telomeres which ultimately have two functions. The kinetic studies of the telomerization reaction were also conducted under constant flow of butadiene to include this system in a continuous process. The installation of this system, from the production of biobutadiene from ethanol to its use in the telomerization reaction was carried out. Finally, the synthesized diols have been used in polycondensation reactions with diacids in order to produce alkyd resins present in the paint composition
Stanley, Nicholas. "Organic, metallic and mixed catalytic systems for the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isosorbide terephthalate)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10053.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis, in partnership with the company Roquette Frères and the French Institute of Agro-Sourced Materials (IFMAS), is to develop catalytic systems which can efficiently catalyse the polyesterification of secondary alcohols. The particular aim is to simplify the incorporation of bio-sourced monomers such as isosorbide in to polyesters like poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The use of this bio-sourced monomer allows access to new properties whilst also reducing the consummation of petro-sourced derivatives, much like in the case of cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) or cyclobutane diol (CBDO). Chapter 1 proposes a bibliographic study on the best performing catalysts currently used for the synthesis of PET. Organocatalysts, who have been rarely studied until now for this reaction, are applied to the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-isosorbide terephthalate) in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, metallic catalysts known for their use in PET synthesis are applied to the reaction separately and in bimetallic combinations. In Chapter 4, these metallic catalysts are used in combinations with the best performing organocatalysts with the aim of optimising the properties whilst also reducing the metal quantities used