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Статті в журналах з теми "Catalyse relais":
1
Chabolla, S. A., C. W. Machan, J. Yin, E. A. Dellamary, S. Sahu, N. C. Gianneschi, M. K. Gilson, F. A. Tezcan, and C. P. Kubiak. "Bio-inspired CO2reduction by a rhenium tricarbonyl bipyridine-based catalyst appended to amino acids and peptidic platforms: incorporating proton relays and hydrogen-bonding functional groups." Faraday Discussions 198 (2017): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00003k.
Анотація:
Herein, we report a new approach to bio-inspired catalyst design. The molecular catalyst employed in these studies is based on the robust and selective Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl-type (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) homogeneous catalysts, which have been extensively studied for their ability to reduce CO2electrochemically or photochemically in the presence of a photosensitizer. These catalysts can be highly active photocatalysts in their own right. In this work, the bipyridine ligand was modified with amino acids and synthetic peptides. These results build on earlier findings wherein the bipyridine ligand was functionalized with amide groups to promote dimer formation and CO2reduction by an alternate bimolecular mechanism at lower overpotential (ca.250 mV) than the more commonly observed unimolecular process. The bio-inspired catalysts were designed to allow for the incorporation of proton relays to support reduction of CO2to CO and H2O. The coupling of amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine led to the formation of two structurally similar Re catalyst/peptide catalysts for comparison of proton transport during catalysis. This article reports the synthesis and characterization of novel catalyst/peptide hybrids by molecular dynamics (MD simulations of structural dynamics), NMR studies of solution phase structures, and electrochemical studies to measure the activities of new bio-inspired catalysts in the reduction of CO2.
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Li, Yao, Jing-Hui Shi, Tao Huang, Gui-Fang Huang, and Wei-Qing Huang. "Carboxylate-mediated proton transfer promotes water oxidation on spindle-like Ce-doped FeCo hydroxide." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 17 (October 24, 2022): 173901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121887.
Анотація:
The proton transfer plays a crucial, yet not well-control, role in enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of transition metal (TM) (oxy) hydroxide materials. Herein, we take Ce-doped FeCo layered double hydroxide (Ce-FeCo LDH) nanosheets in situ growth on spindle-like MIL-88A, as a model system to demonstrate enhancing OER activity through the promotion of proton transfer by forming the carboxylate ligands coordinated with TM atoms. The carboxyl group-functionalized MIL-88A@Ce-FeCo LDH core–shell hybrid catalyst, fabricated by the one-pot reflux method, is made up of Ce-FeCo LDH as active component and carboxylate ligands as a proton acceptor. Specifically, the uncoordinated carboxylate ligands serve as relays to promote proton transfer and deprotonation efficiency. As a result, this core–shell structured hybrid exhibits superior OER activity while maintaining excellent durability. This work provides a facile method to reserve carboxylates as the station of proton transfer on TM-based catalyst to promote water splitting.
3
Noorthaibah, Noorthaibah, and Abdur Rozak. "Relasi Islam dan Budaya Lokal di Kalimantan Timur: Persepsi Tokoh Masyarakat Mengenai Islam Nusantara." Jurnal Kawistara 10, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.41206.
Анотація:
Islam Nusantara gave rise to many perceptions in the midst of Indonesian Muslim society, both in terminological discourse and practical perception. This study presents the results of qualitative research on Islam Nusantara in the perception of East Kalimantan community leaders from the Regency of Paser Grogot, Kutai Kartanegara, Samarinda City and Berau. In their perception Islam Nusantara is perceived as a catalyst between Islam, nationality, plurality and eternal truth. This was stated in the form of understanding and practice by East Kalimantan community leaders in religious life. In terms of their understanding, Islam Nusantara is perceived as a functional instrument of mutualism between Islam and culture towards productive diversity. While in practice, Islam Nusantara is placed as a foothold or starting point in carrying out da'wah to realize the simplification of human relations and eternal truth
4
Joliat-Wick, Evelyne, Mathias Mosberger, Nicola Weder, Bernhard Spingler, Benjamin Probst, and Roger Alberto. "Cobalt Complexes of Polypyridyl Ligands for the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.180.
Анотація:
The reductive part of artificial photosynthesis, the reduction of protons into H2, is a two electron two proton process. It corresponds basically to the reactions occurring in natural photosystem I. We show in this review a selection of involved processes and components which are mandatory for making this light-driven reaction possible at all. The design and the performances of the water reduction catalysts is a main focus together with the question about electron relays or sacrificial electron donors. It is shown how an original catalyst is developed into better ones and what it needs to move from purely academic homogeneous processes to heterogeneous systems. The importance of detailed mechanistic knowledge obtained from kinetic data is emphasized.
5
Sansonetti, Errj, Dace Cīrule, Bruno Andersons, Ingeborga Andersone, Edgars Kuka, Maris Danieks, and Marcis Gavars. "Comparison of the Efficiency of Three Primary Driers during the Auto-Oxidation of Alkyd and Boiled Linseed Oil." Key Engineering Materials 903 (November 10, 2021): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.903.190.
Анотація:
When using binders in coatings, whose film formation process relays on the oxygen uptake to start the cross-linking reaction, the use of special metal salts, so called driers, can catalyze the process, accelerating the curing of the film and reducing the waiting time between the applications of the next layers of paint. In this work, three primary driers, based on cobalt, iron and manganese are compared, to determine which one is more efficient in drying of alkyd and boiled linseed oil based coating. The study has been done using FTIR spectroscopy to investigate the rate of drying for each drier. The obtained results confirm that using the cobalt drier, the film formation is faster than with the other two alternative driers.
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Zhang, Youjun, and Alisdair R. Fernie. "On the Detection and Functional Significance of the Protein–Protein Interactions of Mitochondrial Transport Proteins." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081107.
Анотація:
Protein–protein assemblies are highly prevalent in all living cells. Considerable evidence has recently accumulated suggesting that particularly transient association/dissociation of proteins represent an important means of regulation of metabolism. This is true not only in the cytosol and organelle matrices, but also at membrane surfaces where, for example, receptor complexes, as well as those of key metabolic pathways, are common. Transporters also frequently come up in lists of interacting proteins, for example, binding proteins that catalyze the production of their substrates or that act as relays within signal transduction cascades. In this review, we provide an update of technologies that are used in the study of such interactions with mitochondrial transport proteins, highlighting the difficulties that arise in their use for membrane proteins and discussing our current understanding of the biological function of such interactions.
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Odella, Emmanuel, S. Jimena Mora, Brian L. Wadsworth, Mioy T. Huynh, Joshua J. Goings, Paul A. Liddell, Thomas L. Groy, et al. "Controlling Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Bioinspired Artificial Photosynthetic Relays." Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 45 (October 16, 2018): 15450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b09724.
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Henry, Renee M., Richard K. Shoemaker, Daniel L. DuBois, and M. Rakowski DuBois. "Pendant Bases as Proton Relays in Iron Hydride and Dihydrogen Complexes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 9 (March 2006): 3002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja057242p.
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Auer, Benjamin, Laura E. Fernandez, and Sharon Hammes-Schiffer. "Theoretical Analysis of Proton Relays in Electrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 21 (June 2011): 8282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja201560v.
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Savéant, Jean‐Michel. "Proton Relays in Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions: Origin and Limitations of the Boosting Effect." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 7 (February 11, 2019): 2125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201812375.
Дисертації з теми "Catalyse relais":
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Lainer, Bruno. "A multicatalytic approach to enantio-, and diastereoselective arylation of alcohols." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAF080.
Анотація:
Les groupements alcooliques sont présents dans une grande diversité de produits chimiques fins précieux issus de la nature et de la synthèse, c'est pourquoi les méthodes permettant leur diversification structurelle sont recherchées. Cependant, la modification de la structure des alcools à certaines positions non réactives, même avec l'aide de la catalyse, reste un défi ou nécessite des procédures multi-étapes fastidieuses et souvent coûteuses. Récemment, une attention accrue a été accordée à la multicatalyse, qui combine plusieurs catalyseurs au sein d'un même système, ce qui permet de découvrir des réactivités auparavant inaccessibles ou d'accroître l'efficacité globale des transformations en plusieurs étapes. Les méthodes décrites ici permettent l'α- et la β-arylation diastéréo- et énantiosélective d'alcools. En combinant des catalyseurs à base de Ru et de Pd, il est possible de réaliser une β-arylation énantiosélective (et diastéréodivergente dans le cas d'alcools portant déjà des stéréocentres) sans précédent d'alcools primaires. En outre, dans le cadre d'une catalyse relais séquentielle, il est possible d'obtenir des alcools benzyliques secondaires enrichis enantioénergie à partir de divers produits de départ disponibles, tels que des alcools primaires ou des alcools portant une double liaison. Dans l'ensemble, ces protocoles démontrent le potentiel de la multicatalyse en tant qu'outil synthétique pour diversifier les alcools. Dans un contexte plus large, cette thèse ouvre la voie à la conception de nouvelles stratégies et méthodes multicatalytiques pour une synthèse efficaceAlcohol moieties are present in a great diversity of valuable fine chemicals from nature and synthesis, therefore methods enabling their structural diversification are sought after. However, modifying the structure of alcohols at certain unreactive positions, even with the aid of catalysis, remains a challenge or requires tedious often wasteful multistep procedures. Recently, increased attention has been paid to multicatalysis, which combines multiple catalysts within one system, enabling the discovery of previously inaccessible reactivities or increasing the overall efficiency of multistep transformations. Described within are methods which enable the diastereo-, and enantioselective α-, and β-arylation of alcohols. By combining Ru- and Pd-based catalysts the unprecedented, enantioselective (and diastereodivergent in the case of alcohols already bearing stereocenters) β-arylation of primary alcohols can be carried out. Also, under sequential relay catalysis enantioenriched secondary benzylic alcohols can be obtained from a variety of available starting materials, such as primary alcohols, or alcohols bearing a double bond. Overall, these protocols demonstrate the potential of multicatalysis as a synthetic tool for diversifying alcohols. In a broader context, this thesis sets the stage for devising novel, multicatalytic strategies and methods for efficient synthesis
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Graham, Daniel John. "The Influence of Intramolecular Proton Relays on Catalysis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17463970.
Анотація:
Global energy demand is predicted to increase at an alarming rate over the next century; in order to meet this demand while also limiting the effects of runaway climate change, society will need to shift toward renewable sources of energy. Many of the fundamental chemical transformations that store renewable energy as fuel require the addition or removal of protons. Optimization of catalysts that carry out these transformations can be achieved with proton management at the molecular level.
Deliberate construction of molecular catalysts with an intramolecular proton relay is one strategy for controlling the movement of protons during catalysis. These so-called “hangman” catalysts have been shown to increase the rate of catalysis in the cases of hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, hydrogen peroxide dismutation, and olefin epoxidation. A new class of hangman porphyrins is now available on the gram scale and can easily be further modified, allowing for unprecedented control the strength and character of pendant proton relays. Using iron complexes of these new hangman porphyrins, the level of control over proton management is demonstrated with the variation in the rates of hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis depending on the nature of the proton relay in the second coordination sphere.
Understanding the fundamental electron transfer reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important in the chemistry of renewable energy storage, but also in a biological context. Hydrogen bond donors are known to affect the electron transfer reactivity of ROS, with the strength of the hydrogen bond determining the nature of oxygen-oxygen bond activation. The catalytic performance of iron corroles towards peroxide dismutation is markedly enhanced by the presence of a pendant hydrogen bond donor which is also capable of transferring protons to bound substrates. Contrary to hangman corroles, the six hydrogen bond donors in hexacarboxamide cryptand do not readily transfer protons, allowing it to facilitate the chemically reversible two-electron reduction of dioxygen to “naked” peroxide dianion. Using electrochemical techniques and computational modeling, it is possible to use cryptand-encapsulated peroxide as a model for the electron transfer reactions within lithium-oxygen batteries.Chemistry and Chemical Biology
3
Holtz-Mulholland, Michael. "Synthesis of transition metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and applications in catalysis." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11407.
Анотація:
Les ligands de carbènes N-hétérocycliques (NHC) qui possèdent une symétrie C1 attirent beaucoup l’attention dans la littérature. Le présent projet de recherche propose de synthétiser une nouvelle série de ligands NHC C1-symétriques avec deux groupements N-alkyles qui exploitent un relais chiral. Un protocole modulaire et efficace pour la synthèse des sels d’imidazolium chiraux qui servent comme préligands pour les NHC a été développé. Quelques-uns de ces nouveaux ligands ont été installés sur le cuivre et de l’or, créant de nouveaux complexes chiraux.
Les nouveaux complexes à base de cuivre ont été évalués comme catalyseurs pour le couplage oxydatif de 2-naphthols. Les ligands C1-symmétriques ont fourni des meilleurs rendements que les ligands C2-symmétriques. Au cours de l’optimisation, des additifs ont été évalués; les additifs à base de pyridine ont fourni des énantiosélectivités modérées tandis que les additifs à base de malonate ont donné des meilleurs rendements de la réaction de couplage oxydatif.
Ultérieurement, les additifs à base de malonate ont été appliqués envers l’hétérocouplage de 2-naphthols. Le partenaire de couplage qui est riche en électrons est normalement en grand excès à cause de sa tendance à dégrader. Avec le bénéfice de l’additif, les deux partenaires de couplage peuvent être utilisés dans des quantités équivalentes. La découverte de l’effet des additifs a permis le développement d’un protocole général pour l’hétérocouplage de 2-naphthols.A new class of C1-symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been developed. The new ligands exploit a biaryl methyne as a chiral relay, and an N-methyl group as a reactivity controlling element. The precursors for the new ligands were synthesized via a modular scheme that allows for facile diversification. Several of the new ligands were installed onto both copper and gold, generating mono N-heterocyclic carbene transition metal complexes. The new C1-symmetric copper complexes were tested as catalysts for the synthesis of binaphthols via the oxidative coupling of electron poor 2-naphthols. The new C1-symmetric ligands afforded higher yields than their C2-symmetric counterparts. During the course of the optimization, small molecule additives were found to modulate the reactivity of the copper catalyst. Pyridine additives, such as 2-picoline, were found to induce low to moderate enantioselectivity in the oxidative coupling reaction, while diethylmalonate was found to improve the reaction yield without affecting the selectivity. The malonate additive was employed in the catalytic oxidative heterocoupling of electronically dissimilar 2-naphthols. The electron-rich coupling partner is normally added in a large excess due to its tendency to degrade. When the malonate additive is used, the coupling partners can be used in equimolar quantities. The discovery resulted in the development of a general protocol for the additive assisted aerobic oxidative heterocoupling of electronically dissimilar 2-naphthols.
Книги з теми "Catalyse relais":
1
Ingram, Robert G. The Church of England, 1714–1783. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199644636.003.0003.
Анотація:
This chapter surveys the history of the Church of England between the Hanoverian succession and the American Revolution. The religio-political questions that bedevilled the English nation during the 1530s remained live ones during the eighteenth century. What sort of Church should the Church of England be? What should the relation of Church to state be? What should constitute the Church’s doctrinal orthodoxy? Whom should the Church comprehend? What were the bounds of toleration? These questions had not been solved at the Glorious Revolution, so that the story of the eighteenth-century Church of England is the concluding chapter in the story of England’s long Reformation. What ultimately brought that particular story to a close was not Enlightenment secularism but the changes catalysed by war and the fear of relapse into seventeenth-century-like religious violence.
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Wolfe-Hill, Nana. Collaboration and Meaning Making in the Women’s Choral Rehearsal. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.10.
Анотація:
This chapter gives examples of collaborative choral methods that impact female singers positively and holistically as individuals and musicians. A brief overview of the inception and facets of feminist pedagogy reveal its potential influence on singers and lays the groundwork for a qualitative research study of a collegiate women’s choir led by a conductor who has adopted the values of feminist pedagogy. The case study illustrates ways in which feminist pedagogy can be implemented in the choral rehearsal through collaborative methods that give singers the opportunity to make their own decisions within the music-making process. Through these collaborative learning techniques, singers experience an increase in mental engagement, confidence in their abilities, ownership in the music-making process, and improved musicianship. The exploration of multiple meanings and meaning-making via collaborative methods is a catalyst for self-expression, improved performance experiences, and a greater capacity within choral pedagogy to understand and relate with others.
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Levine, Philippa. Anthropology, Colonialism, and Eugenics. Edited by Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0003.
Анотація:
This article traces what catalyzed the ideas of eugenic policies, what gave them weight in an increasingly precise scientific environment. It draws an explicit link between this interest and the development of eugenics. It presents the association between the emergence of anthropology and a growing interest in dying race theory. It provides the basic concepts of the term “savage” as it seems to have become widespread. The idea of the savage fed assumptions that are discussed here under eugenics relate to topics such as reproductive capacity, the idea of generational throwbacks, and crucially what role the environment plays in promoting or preventing development. The article thus reflects an older anxiety about environment rather than heredity, thus destabilizing not only the twin powers of civilization and colonialism, but also the new hereditarian orthodoxy out of which eugenics was born and is growing.
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Apostolidis, Paul. The Fight For Time. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459338.001.0001.
Анотація:
In today’s precarious world, working people’s experiences are becoming more alike even as their disparities sharpen. This book unfolds a critique of the precarity phenomenon by setting Latino day laborers’ commentaries in dialogue with critical social theory. The Fight for Time shows how migrant labor on society’s jagged edges relates to encompassing syndromes of precarity as both exception and synecdoche. Subjected to especially harsh treatment as unauthorized migrants, these workers also epitomize struggles that apply throughout the economy. Juxtaposing day laborers’ accounts of their desperate circumstances, dangerous jobs, and informal job-seeking with theoretical accounts of the forces fueling precaritization, The Fight for Time illuminates a schema of precarity defined by temporal contradiction. This “critical-popular” approach, informed by Paulo Freire’s popular-education theory, elicits resonances and dissonances between day laborers’ themes and scholars’ analyses of neoliberal crisis, the postindustrial work ethic, affective and digital labor, the racial governance of public spaces, occupational safety and health hazards, and self-undermining patterns of desire and personal responsibility among precaritized subjects. Day laborers offer language redolent with potential to catalyze social critique among migrant workers. They also clarify the terms of mass-scale opposition to precarity. Such a politics would demand restoration of workers’ stolen time, engage a fight for the city, challenge the conversion of capital risk into workers’ bodily vulnerability, and foment the refusal of work. Day laborers’ convivial politics through self-organized worker centers, furthermore, offers a powerful basis for renewing radical democratic theory and imagining a key practical innovation: worker centers for all working people.
Частини книг з теми "Catalyse relais":
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Culbertson, William W. "Commercially Available Systems: OptiMedica’s Catalys Precision Laser System." In Textbook of Refractive Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (ReLACS), 221–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1010-2_17.
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Guilbaud, Auriane. "A Stress-Test for Global Health Multilateralism: The Covid-19 Pandemic as Revealer and Catalyst of Cooperation Challenges." In Crisis of Multilateralism? Challenges and Resilience, 47–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39671-7_3.
Анотація:
AbstractBecause of its multidimensional nature, its global scale and the magnitude of measures taken by government and international organizations, the Covid-19 pandemic severely challenged global health multilateralism in 2020. It acted both as a revealer of long-term trends in global health cooperation and as a catalyst of the changes that it precipitated. This chapter will show that if the Covid-19 pandemic appeared as a crisis with the potential to reorder global health multilateralism, it did so precisely because it occurred in an environment marked by fault lines and an accumulation of incremental change. Through this perspective, it will provide a broad overview of the dynamics of health multilateralism and help identify the challenges created by this specific crisis. We will first briefly analyze the historical dynamics of global health multilateralism that led to a fragmented system of cooperation on both the organizational and the normative levels. We will then focus on the tensions and challenges created by the Covid-19 pandemic, which partly explain why it is often perceived as a major crisis. Finally, we will address new developments in global health multilateralism, and how they relate to previous dynamics.
3
Shao, Z., and Y. H. Deng. "2.1.1 General Principles of Metal/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis." In Dual Catalysis in Organic Synthesis 2. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-232-00002.
Анотація:
AbstractMetal/organocatalyst dual catalysis is a privileged catalytic strategy which involves both a metal-based catalyst and an organocatalyst to catalyze the organic transformation. Based on the type of activation of substrates with both catalysts, there are seven kinds of dual catalysis; namely cooperative catalysis, cascade catalysis, sequential catalysis, double activation catalysis, restorative catalysis, bifunctional catalysis, and multiple relay catalysis. The generic activation of the metal-based catalyst and the organocatalyst applied in the dual-catalytic system is summarized. In these dual-catalytic approaches, the advantages of both metal catalysis and organocatalysis are converged to achieve many transformations that were previously inaccessible or challenging by any single-catalyst paradigm, to develop new reactions, to discover unique reaction mechanisms, and even to allow for stereodivergent synthesis.
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Macwan, Pradip M., and Pragnesh N. Dave. "Ionic Liquids: Eco-Friendly Substitutes for Surface and Interface Applications." In Ionic Liquids: Eco-friendly Substitutes for Surface and Interface Applications, 160–96. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815136234123010012.
Анотація:
The use of ionic liquids as solvents or catalysts has a notable impact. As a result, there is increasing interest in developing applications for them in a variety of synthetic reactions. The purpose of this chapter was not to be entirely complete, but rather to summarise some of the most recent advances in the use of ionic liquids in organic synthesis as a catalyst. The present chapter focuses on a general introduction to green and sustainable chemistry, as well as how it relates to homogeneous catalysis. A brief history of ILs as homogeneous catalysts is presented, various along with preparative routes and applications. Starting with their application, ILs have been used as catalysts in a variety of organic reactions. This focuses on the synthesis, significance, and applications of ILs. Although they are not particularly useful as solvents, they are now being used as catalysts in organic chemistry catalytic reactions.
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Atkins, Peter, Julio de Paula, and James Keeler. "Heterogeneous catalysis." In Atkins’ Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198847816.003.0109.
Анотація:
This chapter explains how the chemical industry relies on the use of efficient catalysts to facilitate a wide variety of transformations, noting that the majority of these catalysts involve reactions at surfaces. It describes how certain concepts relating to adsorption and desorption can be extended to provide a way to model surface reactions. It also points out that the chemical industry relies on heterogeneous catalysis for many of its most important large-scale processes. The chapter highlights heterogeneous catalysis, which commonly involves chemisorption of one or more reactants and a consequent lowering of the activation energy. It builds on the discussion of reaction mechanisms and uses the Arrhenius equation and adsorption isotherms.
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Seibel, Zara M., and Tristan H. Lambert. "Construction of Alkylated Stereocenters." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0035.
Анотація:
Hirohisa Ohmiya and Masaya Sawamura at Hokkaido University reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5350) the copper-catalyzed, γ-selective allylation of terminal alkyne 1 to produce the chiral skipped enyne 3 with high ee. A method to synthesize asymmetric skipped diene 6 via copper-catalyzed allylic allylation of diene 4 was developed (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 3309) by Ben L. Feringa at the University of Groningen. Prof. Feringa also disclosed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2140) the regioselective and enantioselective allyl–allyl coupling of bromide 7 with allyl Grignard under Cu catalysis in the presence of phosphoramidite 8. James P. Morken of Boston College reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1432) the cross-coupling of allylboronate 11 with a mixture of alkenes 10a,b under palladium catalysis to produce diene 13 with high ee. Jian Liao at the Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 4207) the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of indole using the chiral bis(sulfoxide) phosphine ligand 15. Yi-Xia Jia at the Zhejiang University of Technology reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2983) the enantioselective alkylation of indole to produce the trifluoromethyl adduct 19 using nickel catalysis in the presence of bisoxazoline ligand 18. Sarah E. Reisman at the California Institute of Technology disclosed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7442) the reductive cross-coupling of acid chloride 20 and benzyl chloride 21 using a nickel complex with bisoxazoline ligand 22 and manganese(0) as reductant. Ilan Marek at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5333) a method for the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters, such as the one present in aldehyde 25, using a diastereoselective carbometallation of cyclopropene 24 followed by oxidation and ring opening. Switching from methyl Grignard and copper iodide to MeCuCNLi reverses the diastereoselectivity of the carbometallation and allows access to the opposite enantiomer. Matthew S. Sigman at the University of Utah reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 6830) the redox–relay oxidative Heck arylation of alkenyl alcohol 27 with boronic acid 26 using a palladium catalyst and pyridine oxazole ligand 28 to produce the γ-substituted aldehyde 29.
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Roberto Ruiz Hernández, Ali, Adrián Gutierrez Cruz, and Jessica Campos-Delgado. "Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Graphene on Copper Foils." In Graphene - Recent Advances, Future Perspective and Applied Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106058.
Анотація:
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) represents a viable synthesis route to produce good-quality, large-area graphene films. In simple words, the technique relies on the thermal decomposition of a carbon-rich source and the further deposition of carbon atoms in a honeycomb pattern on top of a metallic catalyst film. Due to the versatility of the method, many alternatives have been explored for the synthesis of this amazing carbon 2D nanomaterial: low pressure, atmospheric pressure, roll-to-roll. Different catalysts have been explored as well; however, copper (Cu) represents the prime choice, being micrometer-thick foils the most commonly used form in CVD experiments. This chapter focuses on the production of graphene via the CVD method using copper foils, and it commences by explaining the generalities of the technique and its variants; next, a description of the method for the production of graphene using copper is included as well as the different precursors (gas, liquid, solid) that have been reported for its synthesis; we continue explaining the importance of the other gases involved in the synthesis and the efforts toward production of large-size single crystals; the obliged transfer process is reviewed, and we conclude by analyzing the advantages and the challenges of the technique.
8
Méndez, Hugo. "More Numerous Feasts." In The Cult of Stephen in Jerusalem, 100—C5.P94. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846990.003.0006.
Анотація:
Abstract The invention of Stephen’s relics was not the climax of the city’s quest to consolidate its local claim on the martyr but the catalyst for more visible gestures, particularly in the area of ritual. Spurred by the discovery of the relics, the church of Jerusalem made a series of dramatic changes to its festal calendar. Specifically, it reconfigured its Epiphany and Easter octaves to accommodate two new celebrations in honor of Stephen. In the hands of homilists, the multiplication of these “more numerous feasts” for Stephen supported local discourses affirming a unique relationship between the Protomartyr and his native church.
9
Jarvis, Simon M. "Assay of membrane transport in cells and membrane vesicles." In Membrane Transport, 1–20. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637058.003.0001.
Анотація:
Abstract Membrane transport is a vectorial process involving the translocation of ions or solutes from one compartment to another. With the exception of simple diffusion, specific proteins catalyse transport. The last decade has seen an explosion in studies applying molecular biology techniques to the identification, classification, localization, and regulation of the transport proteins (see other chapters in this book). An ultimate goal of many studies is to relate structure to function. Transport function is characterized by studying properties of substrate specificity, species of co-substrates and counter-substrates, inhibitors, activators, pH dependence, permeant concentration dependence, and temperature dependence. These functional characteristics rely upon measurements of the initial rates of transport.
10
Dunn, Ben M. "Determination Of Protease Mechanism." In Proteolytic Enzymes, 77–104. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636631.003.0004.
Анотація:
Abstract The opening chapter of this volume has outlined the four mechanistic classes: serine and cysteine proteases (those that form covalent enzyme complexes) and aspartic and metalloproteases (those that do not form covalent enzyme complexes). This distinction into two major mechanistic groups is of profound con sequence since the strategy for inhibition is totally different for these two classes. Those enzymes of the first general class have strongly nucleophilic amino acids at their catalytic site. These are usually aligned with hydrogen bond acceptors to promote the dissociation of the nucleophile in the approach to the transition state and, thus, increase the fraction in the hyperreactive state, Design and synthesis of inhibitors of this broad class will therefore be concentrated on introduction of electrophilic groups (-C=C-, -C-C(=O)-Cl, etc,) that will chemically modify the nucleophile or general base. This will render the catalytic apparatus inactive and prevent the action of that protease. The second category of proteolytic enzymes includes two classes that catalyse the hydrolysis of peptide bonds without nucleophilic attack by a functional group of the enzyme. These enzymes rely more upon general acid/general base catalysis of the attack of a water molecule and therefore the catalytic residues lack the aggressive nucleophilicity of the serine or cysteine proteases. Inhibitor design for this second broad group relies on more subtle means of complexation, including a greater necessity for secondary binding interactions along the active-site cleft and transition state analogues. The metalloproteinases offer an additional handle for inhibitors, since functional groups such as -SH can be introduced at precise points to lead to nearly irreversible metal ion chelation.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Catalyse relais":
1
Dawson, Brandon M., Matthew A. Franchek, Karolos Grigoriadis, Robert W. McCabe, and Stephen B. Smith. "A Systematic Method for Automotive Three-Way Catalyst Diagnostics: Experimental Results." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2130.
Анотація:
Presented is a method for model based diagnostics of automotive three-way catalysts (TWC). The model relates measurable engine inputs (engine air mass (AM) and catalyst temperature), to a metric indicating oxygen storage capacity, KTWC. The model structure is identified using orthogonal least squares (OLS). The model coefficients are estimated via the instrumental variable four step (IV4) approach. TWC diagnostics is realized using an information synthesis (IS) technique. This diagnostics method is experimentally validated using data from federal test procedure (FTP) driving cycle for a healthy (full useful life, FUL) and failed (threshold) TWC.
2
Xia, Yang, and Chai Kiat Yeo. "Using mobile relays as connectivity catalyst for highly mobile networks." In 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952958.
3
Dobson, Peter, and Marc Secanell. "The Effect of Ionomer Thin Films in Ionomer- and Water-Filled Agglomerate Models." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54259.
Анотація:
The catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is commonly represented in mathematical models as an agglomerate structure of carbon catalyst-support particles. There are two prevailing assumptions for the structure of the agglomerates. The first is that the pores are filled with perfluorosulfonated-ionomer (PFSI). The second is that the pores are hydrophilic and are flooded only with liquid water during operation. The objective of this work is to develop numerical models for single water-filled and ionomer-filled agglomerates in a cathode catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and investigate the properties of oxygen transport, proton transport, and reaction kinetics. The two models provide different solutions for the distribution of oxygen and protons, and produce a different reaction profile within the agglomerate. Previous numerical water-filled ionomer models in the literature have neglected the effect of the ionomer thin film. Therefore, the results obtained for both ionomer and water-filled models could not be easily compared. In this article, the equations developed relate the assumed structure of the agglomerates to the structure of the catalyst layer (CL). Results compare the effect of the thin film thickness in the two different types of agglomerates and relate the phenomena occurring within the agglomerates to overall catalyst layer performance.
4
Glasgow, S., P. Meystre, and N. Wilkens. "Doppleron-catalyzed Bragg resonances in atom optics." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tuaaa4.
Анотація:
Effective atomic beam splitters providing large scattering angles are central to atom optics and atom interferometry. Their most common optical realization relies on first-order Bragg scattering, which generates a splitting of the atomic wave function in momentum space. For typical atomic beam velocities of the order of 100 m/s, 2ħk produces very small scattering angles. Higher-order Bragg scattering is of questionable practicality, because of the need for atom–field interaction times that scale exponentially with the scattering order. Attempts at solving this problem include the introduction of multiple laser beams, the use of three-level transition schemes, and the application of velocity-tuned, or Doppleron, resonances. We present a novel scheme that uses a Doppleron resonance as a catalyst to speed up a high-order Bragg resonance by orders of magnitude. This effect occurs when the atom–field frequency detuning is such that the Bragg resonance and the Doppleron resonance become degenerate. Alternatively, in the band-theoretical description of the near-resonant Kapitza–Dirac effect, the Doppleron resonance is required to occur either at the center or at the boundary of the first Brillouin zone.
5
Sartirana, Andrea, Gianluca Montenegro, Augusto Della Torre, Angelo Onorati, Lorenzo Pace, and Naroa Zaldua-Moreno. "Analysis and Optimization of Metallic Based Substrates for After-Treatment System by Means of Full-Scale CFD Simulations and Experiments." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0369.
Анотація:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The tightening trend of regulations on the levels of admitted pollutant emissions has given a great spur to the research work in the field of combustion and after-treatment devices. Despite the improvements that can be applied to the development of the combustion process, pollutant emissions cannot be reduced to zero; for this reason, the aftertreatment system will become a key component in the path to achieving near-zero emission levels.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study focuses on the numerical analysis and optimization of different metallic substrates, specifically developed for three-way catalyst (TWC) and Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) applications, to improve their thermal efficiency by reducing radial thermal losses through the outer mantle. The optimization process relies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations supported by experimental measurements to validate the numerical models carried out under uncoated conditions, where chemical reactions do not occur. Full-scale three-dimensional, multi-region models precisely describe the flow and temperature distributions allowing the evaluation of heat fluxes with the surrounding environment.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A test cycle was designed to replicate the typical warm-up of a catalyst followed by a drop in the gas temperature and then a drop in the mass flow, replicating the engine switch-off condition.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Different canning solutions and insulation strategies were considered at both numerical and experimental levels, and the results were compared. This allowed the validation of the numerical approach and identification of the best solution in terms of heat loss reduction and response time to heat up.</div></div>
6
Nawaz, Kashif, Shelly J. Schmidt, and Anthony M. Jacobi. "Effect of Catalyst Used in the Sol-Gel Process on the Microstructure and Adsorption/Desorption Performance of Silica Aerogels." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66768.
Анотація:
Silica aerogels are often deployed as solid desiccants in enthalpy wheels used for dehumidifying ventilation air in air-conditioning systems. These materials have good adsorption and desorption characteristics, but microstructure affects their moisture diffusivity. As the performance of desiccant systems depends on diffusivity, it is important to select a preparation method providing the desired aerogel microstructure for enhanced dehumidification performance. A study is described in which the structure of silica aerogels prepared by the Sol-Gel process is analyzed. The same precipitator (TMOS-Tetra methyl orthosilicate) and solvent (Methanol) are used to prepare all samples. It is found that density and microstructure are highly dependent on the catalyst used in the Sol-Gel process. Dynamic vapor sorption experiments are conducted to determine diffusivity. Microscopic images are analyzed to discern the structure and to relate it to corresponding adsorption or desorption performance parameters.
7
Bamidele, Anthonia Eboseremen. "What’s in it for us? Boosting social inclusion through international students’ mobilities into higher institutions in the GCC." In Tenth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head24.2024.17264.
Анотація:
This study investigates social inclusion as the catalyst in promoting international student mobilities across diverse countries who opt to study in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Against this backdrop, the study highlights the importance of social inclusion as a language-learning mechanism relevant for Arabic and non-Arabic speakers within formal educational contexts. This study seeks to highlight in themes: (1) the influx of international students as the GCC positions itself as a hub for diversity and opportunities and (2) the salient factors that influence the preferences of international university students to study in the GCC. The study relies on different Higher Education Councils’ (HECs) open data to decipher the inclusiveness of international students as a win-win mechanism for social inclusion, language exchange, and possible career opportunities. The findings seem to shed light on the importance of building cooperative interculturality, inclusivity, and opportunities among diverse GCC HEIs stakeholders.
8
Barillari, Loris, Mario Pipolo, Augusto Della Torre, Gianluca Montenegro, Angelo Onorati, Antonino Vacca, Marco Chiodi, and André Kulzer. "Post-Oxidation Phenomena as a Thermal Management Strategy for Automotive After-Treatment Systems: Assessment by Means of 3D-CFD Virtual Developmen <bold>t</bold>." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2629.
Анотація:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The target of the upcoming automotive emission regulations is to promote a fast transition to near-zero emission vehicles. As such, the range of ambient and operating conditions tested in the homologation cycles is broadening. In this context, the proposed work aims to thoroughly investigate the potential of post-oxidation phenomena in reducing the light-off time of a conventional three-way catalyst. The study is carried out on a turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline engine by means of experimental and numerical activities. Post oxidation is achieved through the oxidation of unburned fuel in the exhaust line, exploiting a rich combustion and a secondary air injection dedicated strategy. The CFD methodology consists of two different approaches: the former relies on a full-engine mesh, the latter on a detailed analysis of the chemical reactions occurring in the exhaust line. The coupling between experimental data and simulation results provides a complete assessment of the investigated phenomena. After the validation of the numerical methodology for one fixed engine operating point, a specific investigation is performed to assess the benefits of post-oxidation in terms of catalyst light-off time. Finally, the simulation strategy is applied considering a different fuel: hydrogen. Accordingly, both the full-engine mesh simulation and the detailed analysis of the exhaust line are performed. The 3D-CFD virtual development allows a comparison between the results obtained through gasoline and hydrogen, thus highlighting the differences and the possible improvements associated with the application of the alternative fuel and the exploitation of its peculiar features.</div></div>
9
Hudiono, Yeny, Adam Christensen, Woentae Oh, Samuel Graham, and Sankar Nair. "Synthesis of Polycrystalline Zeolite Films and Thermal Conductivity Measurements by a 3-Omega Method." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46092.
Анотація:
Zeolites (nanoporous crystalline aluminosilicates) have important applications in catalysis and separations [1,2], and are also being considered for adsorption-based heating and cooling systems [3]. We are investigating the use of zeolite films in the fabrication of more efficient adsorption heat pumping and refrigeration systems that use water vapor as the working fluid. The thermal conductivity of the adsorbent is an important property affecting heat transfer in an adsorption heat pumping system. There are few reports (e.g. [4]) of the thermal conductivity of zeolites, which is measured by compacting the zeolite powder into a disk sample and using a model to extract the ‘intrinsic’ thermal properties. Another approach [5] relies on molecular dynamics simulation using parameterized force fields to predict the intrinsic thermal conductivity.
10
Azeredo, Bruno, Keng Hsu, and Placid Ferreira. "Direct Electrochemical Imprinting of Sinusoidal Linear Gratings Into Silicon." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8835.
Анотація:
Silicon is an excellent transparent material for building IR micro-optical elements such as holographic and blazed gratings, and curvilinear micro-lenses. Shaping this material in 3D with mirror quality finish and single-digit microscale resolution is challenging due to its brittleness and high-melting point. To achieve these patterning characteristics, electron-beam grayscale lithography is typically selected to pattern a 2.5D feature onto a resist thin-film. Subsequently, the film features are transferred into the underlying silicon substrate by deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) [1]. Small variations in the resist thickness lead to large shape distortions and reduced patterning repeatability. Further, the direct-write nature of e-beam lithography provides for slow throughput. Developing an alternative, parallel and scalable method to nanopatterning silicon with 2.5D geometrical control may impact emerging areas such as the design of sub-wavelength photonic and micro-optic elements for silicon photonics applications. Micro and nanoscale patterning of inorganic semiconductors (e.g. Silicon) requires traditional micromachining processes such as plasma-assisted etching (e.g. DRIE) and wet-etching (e.g. KOH etching). Neither of the aforementioned processes offer the capability to control the geometry in 3D with resolution in the nanoscale range. Thus, it is desirable to develop a low-temperature, low-stress and ambient approach to nanostructuring silicon in 3D. Wet etching approaches are good candidates for achieving such goal because they bypass the need for high-temperature processing and stressing materials beyond the elastic limit. Yet, they still rely on lithographical steps and offer limited sidewall control, restricting the scope of features it can produce. In recent literature, catalyst-based wet etching processes such as metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) have been shown to pattern high-aspect ratio structures in semiconductors [2–3]. Some researchers have achieved control over the etch profile and etching direction, generating a limited set of interesting 3D objects [4–6]. The degrees of freedom in MACE patterning are still highly constrained due to limited control of the catalyst motion. Additionally, thin-film based MACE relies on intermediate 2D masking steps to pattern the catalyst which are often lithographical. Thus, this indirect approach to patterning silicon increases lead time and processing costs. In this paper, Mac-imprint, a direct imprint configuration of MACE, is introduced to overcome these fundamental barriers. It relies on the use of a catalytic stamp immersed in the etchant and brought against a silicon chip to selectively dissolve it at contact points. Stamps can be reused multiple times to pattern substrates with lifetimes that are dependent solely on its chemical and mechanical degradation. This process is inherently non-lithographic and occurs at room temperature. As a demonstration of its high-resolution capabilities, silicon wafers were patterned with a sinusoidal wave whose pitch and amplitude were 1 μm and 250 nm, respectively. The patterned surface RMS error from the ideal surface was measured to be 13 nm. The key drawback of this approach is the generation of porous defects near the vicinity of the contact interface between stamp and substrate. Its spatial distribution is qualitatively discussed in the context of the diffusion model of MACE [7].
Звіти організацій з теми "Catalyse relais":
1
Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, and Joseph Burger. Genomic approach to the improvement of fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo) and related cucurbit crops. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587224.bard.
Анотація:
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic traits that affect taste, aroma, texture, pigmentation, nutritional value and duration of shelf-life. The molecular basis of many of these important traits is poorly understood and it’s understanding offers an excellent opportunity for adding value to agricultural products. Improvement of melon fruit quality was the primary goal of the project. The original objectives of the project were: The isolation of a minimum of 1000 fruit specific ESTs. The development of a microarray of melon fruit ESTs. The analysis of gene expression in melon using melon and tomato fruit enriched microarrays. A comprehensive study of fruit gene expression of the major cucurbit crops. In our current project we have focused on the development of genomics tools for the enhancement of melon research with an emphasis on fruit, specifically the first public melon EST collection. We have also developed a database to relay this information to the research community and developed a publicly available microarray. The release of this information was one of the catalysts for the establishment of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative (ICuGI, Barcelona, Spain, July 2005) aimed at collecting and generating up to 100,000 melon EST sequences in 2006, leveraging a significant expansion of melon genomic resources. A total of 1000 ESTs were promised under the original proposal (Objective 1). Non-subtracted mature fruit and young fruit flesh of a climacteric variety in addition to a non-climacteric variety resulted in the majority of additional EST sequences for a total of 4800 attempted reads. 3731 high quality sequences from independent ESTs were assembled, representing 2,467 melon unigenes (1,873 singletons, 594 contigs). In comparison, as of June 2004, a total of 170 melon mRNA sequences had been deposited in GENBANK. The current project has thus resulted in nearly five- fold the number of ESTs promised and ca. 15-fold increase in the depth of publicly available melon gene sequences. All of these sequences have been deposited in GENBANK and are also available and searchable via multiple approaches in the public database (http://melon.bti.cornell.edu). Our database was selected as the central location for presentation of public melon EST data of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative. With the available unigenes we recently constructed a microarray, which was successfully applied in hybridizations (planned public release by August 2006). Current gene expression analyses focus on fruit development and on comparative studies between climacteric and non-climacteric melons. Earlier, expression profiling was conducted using macroarrays developed at the preliminary stage of the project. This analysis replaced the study of tomato microarray following the recommendations of the reviewers and the panel of the original project. Comparative study between melon and other cucurbit crops have begun, mainly with watermelon, in collaboration with Dr. Amnon Levi (USDA-ARS). In conclusion, all four objectives have been addressed and achieved. In the continuation project that have been approved we plan to apply the genomic tools developed here to achieve detailed functional analyses of genes associated with major metabolic pathway.