Статті в журналах: "Casting alloys"

1

Daswa, Pfarelo, Heinrich Moller, and Gonasagren Govender. "Overageing Characteristics of Alloy A356 and Al-Mg-Si Casting Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 285 (January 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.285.75.

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Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, such as Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy A356, are heat treatable and can be precipitation hardened to the T6 temper condition. However, Al-Mg-Si casting alloys (5xx series) are generally not considered to be heat treatable. These 5xx series castings are known for good castability and good resistance to corrosion, especially in marine environments. This paper investigates the extent to which 5xx series alloys could possibly be artificially aged. The influences of artificial ageing time on the overageing characteristics of both Al-Mg-Si and A356 casting alloys have been studied. A356 aluminium alloy castings were produced using the CSIR rheo-high pressure die casting process (R-HPDC). Al-Mg-Si alloys were cast using permanent mould casting. The rate of overageing of these alloys is of importance for potential higher temperature applications. The overageing characteristics of Al-Mg-Si and A356 aluminium alloys have been investigated at an artificial ageing temperature of 190°C for ageing times up to 128 hours. It is shown that the rate of overageing of Al-Mg-Si casting alloys is lower than for alloy A356. This could possibly result in the use of these alloys in applications at temperatures that are higher than where alloy A356 can be employed. It also allows the possibility of using the 5xx series alloys as an alternative to other Al-alloys for R-HPDC applications.

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2

Znamenskii, L. G., A. N. Franchuk, and A. A. Yuzhakova. "Nanostructured Materials in Preparation Casting Alloys." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.668.

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The article deals with technologies of refining and inoculating casting alloys with the use of nanostructured diamond powder, as well as stimulation technique on molten metal including processing of the liquid alloy with nanosecond electromagnetic pulses. The developed method of cast iron inoculation allows to eliminate the flare and to increase the physical and mechanical properties of the castings through the grain refining and the decrease of chilling tendency during crystallization of the liquid alloy. Inoculating of aluminium alloys by high-melting particles of a nanostructured diamond powder leads to the grinding of structural constituents, including conditions for dispersing hardening intermetallics during postbaking of such castings. As a result, foundry and physicomechanical properties of castings are significantly improved.

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3

Szymczak, T., G. Gumienny, I. Stasiak, and T. Pacyniak. "Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloy with Cr, V and Mo to Pressure Die Casting." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0028.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of hypoeutectic 226 grade alloy as well as prepared on its basis Al-Si alloy containing Cr, V and Mo. The additives tested were added as AlCr15, AlV10 and AlMo8 master alloys. Alloys tested were poured into DTA sampler as well as using pressure die casting. An amount of Cr, V and Mo additives in alloy poured into DTA sampler comprised within the range approximately 0.05-0.35%. Alloys to pressure die casting contained 0.05-0.20% Cr, V and Mo. The crystallization process was examined using the derivative thermal analysis (DTA). The microstructure of castings made in the DTA sampler as well as castings made with use of pressure die casting were examined. The basic mechanical properties of castings made using pressure die casting were defined too. It has been shown in the DTA curves of Al-Si alloy containing approximately 0.30 and 0.35% Cr, Mo, and V there is an additional thermal effect probably caused by a peritectic crystallization of intermetallic phases containing the aforementioned additives. These phases have a morphology similar to the walled and a relatively large size. The analogous phases also occur in pressure die casting alloys containing 0.10% or more additions of Cr, V and Mo. The appearance of these phases in pressure die casting Al-Si alloys coincides with a decrease in the value of the tensile strength Rm and the elongation A. It has been shown die castings made of Al-Si alloys containing the aforementioned additives have a higher Rm and A than 226 alloy.

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4

Vanko, Branislav, Ladislav Stanček, Michal Čeretka, Eduard Sedláček, and Roman Moravčík. "Properties of EN AW-2024 Wrought Aluminum Alloy after Casting with Crystallization under Pressure." Scientific Proceedings Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stu-2015-0009.

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Abstract Establishing of wrought aluminum alloys casting to manufacture is now a global trend, for example due to lower production costs compare to forging or due to the ability to produce parts with thinner sections and more complex shapes. The aim of using these alloys in the foundry industry is in particular the creation of castings with higher mechanical properties than achieve castings made of standard casting aluminum alloys. Most often are cast wrought aluminum alloys of the 2xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx series. In the experiment, an alloy EN AW-2024 has been cast by modified technology of casting with crystallization under pressure. They were measured basic mechanical properties of the castings in the as-cast state and after heat treatment.

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5

Gavariev, Renat V., and Ksenia N. Gavarieva. "Features of Casting Magnesium Alloys in Chill Mold." Materials Science Forum 1052 (February 3, 2022): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-679e24.

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The article describes the features of the casting process in the chill mold of magnesium alloys. The main factors affecting the quality of the castings obtained are indicated. The main defects of magnesium castings obtained by chill mold casting, as well as possible ways to eliminate them, are revealed. Options for improving the efficiency of the casting process by optimizing the process parameters are proposed, as well as options for heat treatment that increase the physical and mechanical properties of ready-made castings are presented.

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6

Znamenskij, Leonid G., O. V. Ivochkina, and Aleksey S. Varlamov. "Economical Ceramic Molds in Investment Casting." Materials Science Forum 843 (February 2016): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.843.208.

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Ceramic corundum molds on hydrolysed ethyl silicate solution which have insufficient inertness to poured alloys are widely used in the production of castings from reactive metals alloys. This is due to the presence of free silica, which is a strong oxidant of such alloy components as aluminium and titanium in vacuum conditions, in the form of a high content. To solve the indicated problem using aluminium-borophosphate concentrate, chemically cured with periclase, as a silica free binder of ceramic corundum molds was suggested. The use of the combination of the indicated mold materials allows not only enabling chemical inertness of the molds, but also operating the process of mold forming. The developed technology provides the acceleration of the mold manufacturing cycle in 4...6 times, the increase the strength of the mold covers, the reduction in the heat-resistant alloy casting cost. It enables significant improvement of the quality and increase of the economic efficiency of manufacturing of precision casting from reactive metals and alloys.

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7

Newman, Lee S. "CASTING ALLOYS." Journal of the American Dental Association 128, no. 5 (May 1997): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0250.

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8

Wataha, John C., and Regina L. Messer. "Casting alloys." Dental Clinics of North America 48, no. 2 (April 2004): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2003.12.010.

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9

Adamiec, Janusz. "The Quantitative Assessment of the Fracture Profile of Magnesium Alloy QE22 Welded Joint." Solid State Phenomena 197 (February 2013): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.215.

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Magnesium alloys are a part of a group of lightweight and ultra-lightweight alloys, which are important in practical use in constructions. QE22 casting magnesium alloy containing silver, rare earth elements and zirconium is characterized by creep resistance up to the temperature of 200 °C, while during a short exposure it can resist up to the temperature of 250°C. Nowadays, QE22 magnesium alloy are used for casting into sand moulds. In castings of magnesium alloys defects or inconsistencies (such as casting misruns, porosities and cracks) often appear, particularly in huge dimensional castings. Such defects are repaired with the use of padding and welding. Welded joints must ensure suitable operational properties, mainly in terms of creep, so that the repaired casting can work under the same conditions as the correct cast. The basic source of information about the cause and cracking propagation is fracture after creep test. The quantitative fractography, in particular profilomety, allows to describe the fracture and basis on it conclude the causes of destruction. In this paper quantitative procedure for assessing the fracture profile of QE22 welded joints after creep test was worked out. Base on its analysis result, it was found that creep resistant of the QE22 joints is determined by eutectic areas, therefore they must be heat treated after welding joints.

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10

FUJITA, Masato. "Casting and die castings of aluminum alloys." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 39, no. 9 (1989): 664–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.39.664.

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11

Vanko, B., and L. Stanček. "Utilization of Heat Treatment Aimed to Spheroidization of Eutectic Silicon for Silumin Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0021-1.

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Utilization of Heat Treatment Aimed to Spheroidization of Eutectic Silicon for Silumin Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting This paper describes the possibility of using very short periods of solution annealing in the heat treatment of unmodified hypoeutectic silumin alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 casted by method of casting with crystallization under pressure with forced convection (direct squeeze casting process). Castings prepared at different casting parameters were subjected to special heat treatment called SST (Silicon Spheroidization Treatment), which were originally used only for the modified silumin alloys to spheroidization of eutectic silicon. Temperature holding time in solution annealing of T6 heat treatment is limited in the SST process to only a few minutes. It was studied the effect of casting parameters and periods of solution annealing on ultimate strength, yield strength, and especially ductility that in the unmodified silumin alloy castings is relatively low.

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12

Adamiec, Janusz. "The Assessment of Impact of Construction Factors on Weldability of MSRB Alloy." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.37.

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The purpose of the work was to assess the impact of construction factors on weldability of MSRB alloy. One conducted transvarestraint test, which allowed to assess welds' susceptibility to cracking under the conditions of forced strain of the casting, Fisco test which simulates welding under the conditions of strong stiffening of the weld, as well as Houldcroft test simulating variable strain of the weld. One concluded that the strain of castings is characteristic of the process of pad welding and welding. Assessment of susceptibility of MSRB alloy to cracking under the conditions of forced strain allows to determine the width of the high-temperature brittleness range (HTBR), critical strain speed of the weld CSS and critical temperature strain intensity CST. These parameters are the criteria of hot cracking of welds from MSRB alloy, therefore, they are indicators of the assessment of the alloy's weldability. Castings from MSRB alloys with constant rigidity should be classified as easily weldable. On the other hand, variable rigidity of the casting, resulting from e.g. diverse thickness of the walls, causes significant increase in the alloy's susceptibility to hot cracking.

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13

Jung, Hwa Chul, Ye Sik Kim, and Kwang Seon Shin. "Manufacturing and Application of Continuous Cast Semi-Solid Processed Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.397.

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The demand for magnesium alloys has increased significantly during the past decade in the automotive and electronic industries where weight reduction becomes increasingly an important issue. At present, high-pressure die casting (HPDC) is a dominant process in production of magnesium alloy components. However, magnesium alloy components produced by HPDC suffer from porosity problem and this limits the enhancement of mechanical properties through subsequent heat treatments. The semi-solid processing (SSP) is an emerging new technology for near-net shape production of engineering components, in which the alloys are processed in the temperature range where the liquid and solid phases coexist. The SSP has various advantages over the conventional casting processes. It offers the castings with high integrity and less porosity and allows subsequent heat treatments for enhancement of mechanical properties. For these advantages, the SSP of magnesium alloys has received increasing attention in recent years. In the present study, the continuous casting process was developed for the production of magnesium billets for the subsequent SSP. The process utilizes an electromagnetic stirring system in order to obtain desired microstructure with an excellent degree of homogeneity in both microstructure and composition. Prototypes of an air conditioner cover and a telescope housing were produced using the SSP of the continuously cast magnesium alloy billets.

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14

Prikhod’ko, O. G., V. B. Deev, E. S. Prusov, and A. I. Kutsenko. "Influence of thermophysical characteristics of alloy and mold material on castings solidification rate." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-5-327-334.

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Obtaining castings of given quality is the main task of foundry production. One of the stages of casting technology is solidification of melt in the mold. When studying the process of castings solidification, it is necessary to fully take into account all the features of heat transfer between casting and mold. Influence of various thermophysical parameters of alloy and mold material on casting formation is considered. In the analysis, original mathematical models were used to calculate the coefficient and time of complete solidification of castings in sand-clay and metal forms. These models take into account geometric parameters of casting, main thermophysical parameters of casting metal and mold material, heat transfer conditions at crystallization front, on casting-mold boundary and on the mold surface. Analysis of dependence of time and rate of castings solidification on thermophysical parameters (heat capacity, density, heat conductivity of casting material and mold, specific heat of metal crystallization) was carried out. Storage capacity and process of heat storage are quite fully characterized by the value of heat storage coefficient. This coefficient practically determines the rate of heat loss by the casting which plays a decisive role in its properties forming. Therefore, this parameter is selected for a comprehensive analysis of thermal processes occurring in casting and mold. The influence of thickness and thermal conductivity of chill paint layer on solidification of castings in metal molds is considered. The basic calculation formulas and initial data are presented. Calculations were carried out for castings of the following types: endless plate, endless cylinder, ball. The results of simulation of solidification process parameters are presented in graphic form. Using various alloys as an example, it has been shown by calculation that when changing composition and properties of mold material, it is possible to change time and speed of alloys solidification in a wide range. In this case, processes of forming the structure and properties of castings are controlled.

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15

Nadolski, M., Z. Konopka, M. Łągiewka, and A. Zyska. "The Influence of the Method of Mould Filling on the Quality of Castings Made of EN AC-44000 or EN AC-46200 Alloy." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0089.

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Abstract The performed examinations concerning the process of filling the plaster ceramic moulds with aluminium alloys allowed to assess the influence of various methods of introducing the metal into the mould cavity on the macro- and microstructure of the obtained experimental castings. The comparison was performed for castings with graded wall thickness made either of EN AC-44000 alloy or of EN AC-46000 alloy, produced either by gravity casting, or by gravity casting with negative pressure generated around the mould (according to the Vacumetal technology), or by counter-gravity casting. It was found that the silicon crystals grow in size with an increase in wall thickness due to the slower cooling and solidification of castings

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16

RUZBARSKY, JURAJ. "INFLUENCE OF DIE CASTING SPEED ON PROPERTIES OF CASTING BASED ON AL-SI ALLOYS." MM Science Journal 2022, no. 4 (November 16, 2022): 6114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2022_11_2022012.

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The paper focuses on the research of the influence of chosen technological parameters of die casting on the selected mechanical properties of castings based on Al-Si alloys. The experiments conducted within the frame of the practical part examined the plunger pressing speed in the mould cavity influencing the mechanical properties of a casting which were represented by ultimate tensile strength and percentage share of porosity of Al-Si castings. Plunger pressing speed is closely related to mould cavity filling mode which affected the final porosity of casting. In the case of increased percentage porosity share, the ultimate tensile strength decrease was detected due to the reduction of the cross-section area of the casting. The increase in percentage porosity share in the casting was caused by the increase in plunger pressing speed. To achieve the desired quality of castings, higher production efficiency, and reduced occurrence of faulty pieces during production, an optimal set of technological parameters of die casting is inevitable.

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17

Ozyegin, L. S., R. Tuncer, and E. Avci. "Hardness, Behavior and Metal Surface Evaluation of Recasting Non-Precious Dental Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.1425.

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Recasting of economic alloys can change several properties. The number of recasting was found to have negligible effect on surface texture and on the amount of corrosion products released. The methods and equipments utilized in the casting of an alloy are important on the quality of casting. Carbon incorporated in a noble or economic alloy during casting is known to affect the mechanical values of the metal. In the present study we aimed to investigate the change in structure and metal hardness due to recasting. Materials and method: The effect of recasting, up to four times of a non precious “Finalloy” commercial dental alloy on their Rocwell C hardness behavior and their microstructures was inspected. Using “Kerr casting waxes” patterns were prepared similar to the samples from “Finalloy”. The investments were pre-heated to phase at temperatures between 900°C and 1000°C. The alloy was melted by an acetylene-oxygen flame in a silicate crucible and four groups were compared: New alloy and alloys casted two, three, and four times (n = 7). After casting, Brinell harnesses were recorded. Values of Rocwell C strength, for each specimen group were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Student- Newman-Keuls multiple range test. A metal microscope was used to evaluate the surface morphology of the samples before hardness tests. 1st Casting :30.65 ± 0.3 kgf, 2nd Casting: 31.33 ± 0.4 kgf, 3rd Casting:34.80 ± 0.3 kgf, 4th Casting: 35.5 ± 28 kgf represents the Rocwell hardness of the castings. The results showed that hardness, increased with repeated castings. The experimental data indicates that increasing the number of successive recasting of “Finalloy” enhances the Rocwell C hardness, thus, after remelting and recasting, the biological properties decreases. Microscope study: Increase of the carbon content on the gren bounders of a cobalt-chromium alloy causes a considerable change in its microstructure. The hardness and yield point for 0.05 %, 0.1 % and 0.2 % tensile strength and elongation were determined for these test-pieces. The results showed that hardness, yield points and tensile strength increased with increased carbon content, whereas the elongation lessened. We determined that carbon concentrated at gren bounders. The clinical importance of the study is that recasting affected the properties of the metal, for best biological results with dental alloys always new metals must be used.

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18

Samavedam, S., and S. Sundarrajan. "Al-Si and Al-Si-Mg Cast Alloys Shrinkage Porosity Estimation." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0004.

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Abstract US A356 and US 413 cast aluminium alloys shrinkage characteristic have been discussed in the present study. Specific volume reduction leads to shrinkage in castings and it can be envisaged as a casting defect. Finite difference based casting process simulation software has been used to study the shrinkage characteristic and it is quantified using mathematical formulae. The three dimensional model of the shrinkage defect has been constructed using CAD application software. Shrinkage characteristic has also been quantified through experimental validation studies and compared well with casting process simulation. Shrinkage characteristic study and control is essential for producing defect free castings. Influence of casting shape on the shrinkage characteristic has been studied in this paper.

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19

Rad, T. A., M. V. Iksanov, V. M. Golod, and Yu Yu Malinkina. "Thermodynamic analysis of casting titanium alloys is the basis of information support in the optimal foundry technology development." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (March 12, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2022-1-25-31.

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The necessity of systematic formation of intellectual connections for integration into a single complex of currently fragmented software products for the technological analysis of the castings geometry, thermodynamic modeling of the titanium alloys properties, calculation of molding mixtures thermophysical characteristics for the purpose of conjugate implementation of a set of modeling procedures and casting processes diagnostics of is proved. Lack of such an integrated software package, computer analysis of modeling results in the existing manufacturing products practice demonstrates (by the example of the shrinkage defects distribution in a responsible casting of TL3 alloy) the need for radical technological design tools’ improvement.One of the key components of the “digital technology” being formed in the future is thermodynamic modeling of equilibrium phase transformations, which allows calculating the physico-chemical parameters, thermodynamic, thermophysical and casting parameters of titanium alloys and their evolution in the temperature range of crystallization. Based on thermodynamic simulation, experimental planning apparatus and the experience of statistical analysis carried out, a method for forming models for estimating equilibrium parameters used in modeling foundry processes has been developed, and it shows the possibility of applying it to various casting titanium alloys. For the standard composition of the TL3 alloy, a multifactor system of equations was obtained, reflecting the degree of influence of the components on the fluctuations of the alloy characteristics complex, which determine the development of a series of casting defects. The possibilities of using the obtained models for TL3 alloy and methods of obtaining them for use in computer modeling systems to increase the adequacy and accuracy of the results obtained are described.

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20

Dybowski, B., A. Kiełbus, and R. Jarosz. "Mould Components Impact on Structure and Quality of Elektron 21 Alloy." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0029.

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Abstract Magnesium alloys due to their low density and high strength-to-weight ratio are promising material for the automotive and aerospace industries. Many elements made from magnesium alloys are produced by means of sand casting. It is essential to investigate impact of the applied mould components on the microstructure and the quality of the castings. For the research, six identical, 100x50x20mm plates has been sand cast from the Elektron 21 magnesium casting alloy. Each casting was fed and cooled in a different way: one, surrounded by mould sand, two with cast iron chills 20mm and 40mm thick applied, another two with the same chills as well as feeders applied and one with only the feeder applied. Solid solution grain size and eutectics volume fraction were evaluated quantitatively in Met-Ilo program, casting defects were observed on the scanning electron microscope Hitachi S3400N. The finest solid solution grain was observed in the castings with only the chills applied. Non metallic inclusions were observed in each plate. The smallest shrinkage porosity was observed in the castings with the feeders applied.

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21

Guan, Tian Yang, Zhi Feng Zhang, Min He, Yue Long Bai, and Ping Wang. "Effects of Annular Electromagnetic Stirring Melt Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 7050 Rheo-Casting." Solid State Phenomena 285 (January 2019): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.285.219.

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of 7050 alloy rheo-castings after treated by Annular Electromagnetic Stirring (A-EMS) melt treatment were investigated. The results revealed that, under A-EMS, the refinement and homogeneity of the solidification structure could be improved greatly and the slurry was suitable for the following rheo-casting; and also the hot-cracking defects in the casting process were significantly alleviated, meanwhile, the strength and ductility of the alloy casting were found to be comparable to those of conventionally forged 7000 series alloys.

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22

Adamiec, Janusz. "Repairing the WE43 Magnesium Cast Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 176 (June 2011): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.176.99.

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In addition to aluminium and titanium alloys, the magnesium alloys comprise the group of lightweight alloys which have the highest practical importance in structural applications. The WE43 alloy with the addition of rare earth elements and yttrium is used mainly for the sand mould castings for the aerospace industry. The castings for aerospace industry have complicated shapes and varying wall thickness, as a result of which they often have casting effects such as misruns, micro-shrinkages and cracks. The frequency of defect occurrence in the complicated shape casting may exceed 50%. The defects are repaired by means of welding and pad welding. Such practice is often used in foundries. The paper presents the results of repair evaluation of the WE43 alloy castings in the as-cast state by means of the TIG welding. The welding tests have been performed on the joints bevelled to “I”, “Y” and “V” and the technological repair guidelines have been formulated. The defect has been repaired and the non-destructive and structural tests have confirmed that the technology is correct. The WE43 alloy should be welded and pad welded with maximum linear arc energy of 3.0 kJ/cm, straight beads, with filler metal of a similar chemical composition, in the as-delivered state.

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23

Kocurek, Robert, and Janusz Adamiec. "Structural Stability of Welded Joints of Magnesium Alloy EZ33A-T5." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.408.

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Magnesium alloys of Mg-Zn-RE-Zr group are characterized by creep resistance up to 250°C, good castability, absence of the microporosity and gas corrosion resistance. Defect of these alloys are low mechanical properties at ambient temperature. Magnesium alloys are used in the automotive, aerospace and defense industries, mainly as gravitational casts to sand moulds or die-casting. Casting defects often appear in these casts (misruns, micro-shrinkage, cracks), especially for large-size castings. The welding technologies are most often applicable to repair of casts, mainly non-consumable electrode welding in the inert-gas cover. Welded joints made of magnesium alloys should have properties at least the same as the ready cast, in particular it should ensure stability of the structure and properties of all welded joint in working temperature. In the literature there is a lack of information about stability and properties of welded joints of Mg-4E-3Zn (EZ33A-T5 acc. to ASTM B80) alloy castings. In research work determined the structure of welded joints of Mg-4RE-3Zn alloy casting after stress-relief annealing and defined changes of structure and properties during long-term annealing at the temperature of 250°C. It was found that the structure of welded joint of casting alloy Mg-4RE-3Zn is stable at the temperature of 250°C through at least 1000 hours. The hardness of tested joints equal 80 HV. Therefore welding technologies can be used for repair of magnesium alloy casts with addition of zinc and rare earth elements.

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24

Liu, Yan Gai, Zhao Hui Huang, Hao Ding, Ming Hao Fang, and Shou Mei Xiong. "Study on Pressure Variations in the Mold of Magnesium Alloy Die Castings." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1614.

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High pressure die casting is the most common method in making magnesium alloys for both auto parts and 3C products. Pressure variations in the mold during mold filling and solidification process have direct influences on the quality and properties of die castings. In this paper, a cylinder head cover was produced to experimentally study pressure variations in the mold during magnesium alloy die-casting process in real time for the first time. Pressure varies at different positions in the mold during die casting process. This study indicates that mold filling and solidification process of magnesium alloy die castings can be described by pressure curves obtained by pressure measurement at different test positions in the cavity in real time.

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25

Adamane, Anilchandra R., Elena Fiorese, Giulio Timelli, Franco Bonollo, and Lars Arnberg. "Reference Dies for the Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Gravity Cast Al-Si Alloys: An Overview." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.71.

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Aluminium-Silicon (Al-Si) alloys are the most extensively used Al foundry alloys and are widely used in gravity die-casting (GDC) of automotive components. Reference dies are used to characterize the tensile properties of the castings. Among the various die configurations, the ASTM B-108 (also called the Stahl Mold), and the AA Step Mold are most popular in the foundries. Several modifications to the standard dies have been suggested in the scientific literature to obtain better mechanical properties in minimizing casting defects. This work reviews the scientific literature on the effect of different reference dies on the porosity and tensile properties of the Al alloy castings.

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Władysiak, R. "Effect of Multipoint Sequential Water Mist Cooling of Casting Die on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi11 Alloy." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0123-9.

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Abstract The work is a continuation of research on the use of water mist cooling in order to increase efficiency of the die-casting process for aluminum alloys. The paper describes the multipoint sequential cooling system of the casting die and its computer control and monitoring. It also includes results of the tests and analysis of cooling methods during making of the casting. These methods differ from each other in the sequence of casting die cooling and cause effective changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of castings made of AlSi11 alloy. The study demonstrated that the use of multipoint sequential cooling with water mist affects the microstructure refinement and reduces the segregation in the cast as well as more than by 20% increases the mechanical properties of castings in the rough state. The study also demonstrates that the sequential cooling of casting die accelerates the cooling of the casting and shortens die-casting cycle.

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27

Krishnan, Arjun Bala, Kavin Selvaraj, Akhil Madhusoodhanan Geethakumari, and Ravi Manickam. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Gravity Cast and Squeeze Cast Al-Si-Mg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.164.

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The present work deals with the effect of solutionising heat treatment on the features of Al-7Si-0.3Mg (A356) alloy in terms of microstructural modifications and hardness. The microstructure of sand cast and gravity cast alloys are coarse which results in lower strength compared to the alloys cast using modern casting techniques such as squeeze casting which is used for the fabrication of near-net-shaped castings. The influence of enhanced cooling rate on the hardness and microstructure of the squeeze casting technique has been exploited in the present study. In order to optimise the heat treatment process, the microstructure of the gravity and squeeze cast alloys were compared after solution treatment. The quantitative analysis of the microstructure was carried out using an image analyser attached to the optical microscope. The aspect ratio, particle count and circularity of eutectic silicon and SDAS are measured. The squeeze cast alloy is found to have finer microstructure with enhanced properties compared to the gravity cast alloy.

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Koltygin, A. V., V. E. Bazhenov, S. A. Tavolzhanskii, S. V. Matveev, I. V. Plisetskaya, M. V. Belov, A. V. Samokhin, and V. D. Belov. "Production of filler rods for repair welding of ML12 (ZK51) magnesium alloy castings." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy), no. 3 (June 15, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-3-47-56.

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In magnesium alloys castings, the casting defects such as shrinkage porosity are often occur. Such defects can be suppressed by repair welding or surfacing using a special filler rod. Unfortunately, in Russia, the low amount of filler rod is consumed. Therefore, native enterprises do not manufacture it, limiting themselves to imports or homemade low-quality substitutes. Nevertheless, there is a need for filler rod, and recently it has become unprofitable to replace them with imported materials due to a significantly increased price. Therefore, there is a need to study the technology of its production to replace imported filler rod with native material. Magnesium alloys based on the Mg–Zn–Zr (La, Nd) system: SV1, SV122, and ML12 (ZK51) that used as a filler rod for repair welding of ZK51 alloy castings were studied in this work. The samples were obtained by permanent mold casting into aluminum molds followed by hot extrusion into a filler rod with a diameter of 4 mm. It was shown that all the investigated alloys could be obtained in the form of a rod with a diameter of 4 mm. Therefore, the investigated rod samples from the SV122 alloy were used as filler material for repair welding of ZK51 magnesium alloy castings. The weld seam in the T1 condition has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) about 80 % of the UTS of the casting material.

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29

Amenova, Aliya, and Dauletkhan Smagulov. "Optimization of the Compositions of the High Strength Casting Aluminium Alloys Based on Nickel Eutectic." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.152.

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The phase composition of the AlNiMnFeSiZr system was analyzed with respect to new-generation heat resistant casting aluminum alloys based on a Ni-containing eutectic, which are strengthened by the Al3Zr (L12) nanoparticles. It is shown that the presence of iron and silicon considerably complicates the phase analysis compared with the AlNiMnFe base alloy. Alloys with low silicon content have a sufficiently good casting property, which enables fabrication of thin-walled castings, not inferior to AA356 alloy types widely used to cast complex shapes. Addition of silicon to the AlNiMnFe base alloy sharply deteriorates hot cracks. Silicon greatly decreases the solubility of Zr at (Al), which is reflected on hot brittleness of Al2%Ni1%Mn0,5%Fe-0,2%Zr system alloys.

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30

Eperješi, Š., M. Matvija, ľ. Eperješi, and M. Vojtko. "Evaluation of Cracking Causes of AlSi5Cu3 Alloy Castings." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 1089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0187.

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Abstract Recently, the castings made from aluminum-silicon alloys by pressure die casting are increasingly used in the automotive industry. In practice, on these castings are high demands, mainly demands on quality of their structure, operating life and safety ensuring of their utilization. The AlSi5Cu3 alloy castings are widely used for production of car components. After the prescribed tests, the cracks and low mechanical properties have been identified for several castings of this alloy, which were produced by low pressure casting into a metal mould and subsequent they were heat treated. Therefore, analyses of the castings were realized to determine the causes of these defects. Evaluation of structure of the AlSi5Cu3 alloy and causes of failure were the subjects of investigation presented in this article.

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31

Vanko, Branislav, Ladislav Stanček, and Roman Moravčík. "EN AW-2024 Wrought Aluminum Alloy Processed by Casting with Crystallization under Pressure." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0024.

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Анотація:

AbstractBy using the wrought aluminum alloys can be created castings with higher mechanical properties than the castings made of standard foundry aluminum alloys, but it is necessary to handle the process of making sound castings without any defects such as hot tears and shrinkage porosity. In experiments, we have been studied of wrought aluminum alloy EN AW-2024 which has been processed by the casting with crystallization under pressure with forced flow. Castings were heat treated by standard T6 heat treatment.

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Gaspar, Stefan, and Ján Pasko. "Analysis of Fracture Process and Common Defects in Casting Alloys EN43100 Manufactured by Die Casting Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1077 (December 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.39.

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Recent research in the process of die casting production of aluminium alloys which are nowadays deeply implemented in the rapidly developing automobile, shipping and airline industry aims to increase the manufacture and quality properties of the casting in order to obtain its high mechanical properties at acceptable economic costs. In terms of ensuring the quality indicators in the production of aluminium castings it is necessary to pay close attention to internal structural quality of the castings characterized by type and extent of foundry defects (cavities, Al2O3 particles, internal cold laps). The presenting contribution deals with the analysis of the fracture process, the microorganism disturbance of test samples, the impact of casting speed on the occurrence and extent of the castings porosity and reasons for the internal foundry defects of casting alloys EN 43100 manufactured by die casting technology.

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33

Drotlew, A., M. Garbiak, and B. Piekarski. "Cast Steels for Creep-Resistant Parts Used in Heat Treatment Plants." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0103-0.

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Abstract Creep-resistant parts of heat treatment furnaces are in most cases made from high-alloyed chromium-nickel and nickel-chromium iron alloys, both cast and wrought. This paper presents the types of casting alloys used for this particular purpose, since the majority of furnace components are made by the casting process. Standards were cited which give symbols of alloy grades used in technical specifications by the domestic industry. It has been indicated that castings made currently are based on a wider spectrum of the creep-resistant alloy grades than the number of alloys covered by the standards. Alloy grades recommended by the technical literature for individual parts of the furnace equipment were given. The recommendations reflect both the type of the technological process used and the technical tasks performed by individual parts of the furnace equipment. Comments were also made on the role of individual alloying elements in shaping the performance properties of castings.

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34

Cheng, Le, Hong Xing Lu, Qiang Zhu, Xiang Kai Zhang, Ai Di Shen, and Peng Yang. "Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Semi-Solid Squeeze Cast A356.2 Aluminum Alloy during Heat Treatment." Solid State Phenomena 285 (January 2019): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.285.139.

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Semi-solid squeeze casting (SS-SC) is a new processing technology which combines semi-solid processing (SSP) and squeeze casting (SC). In this process, semi-solid slurry fills mold by using its rheological property and solidifies under high pressure. It has several advantages, such as stable filling, small heat impact to the mold, low cost, high density and excellent mechanical properties of castings, which receives more and more attention. The microstructure of castings provided by SS-SC is quite different from that of casting provided by conventional SC in as-cast condition, which leads to differences in the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in heat treatment process. In this study, A356.2 aluminum alloys castings were provided by both SS-SC and conventional SC respectively. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of castings during heat treatment was investigated to obtain the best mechanical properties of semi-solid squeeze castings. Keywords:Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Heat treatment, A356 alloy, Semi-Solid Squeeze Casting

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35

Toloraya, V. N., and G. A. Ostroukhova. "Production of single-crystal seeds [001] from nickeltungsten alloys by directional crystallization." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 2(106) (August 1, 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2021-106-2-55-65.

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The problem of obtaining priming materials from Ni-W alloys arose in connection with the development of technology for casting single-crystal turbine blades of gas turbine engines (GTE) from hightemperature alloys. This technology uses a seed method for producing single-crystal castings with a crystallographic orientation [001] using seedings from alloys of the Ni-W system with a melting point 120–140°C higher than the casting alloy. The use of such primers greatly simplifies the casting process of turbine blades with a single-crystal structure, increases its reliability both in pass-through furnaces of the PMP-2 type and in high-gradient furnaces of the UVNK-9A type. The article presents the results of the study of the influence of temperature-velocity parameters of directional crystallization, namely, the temperature gradient GZ on the structure of the obtained single-crystal seed blanks, as well as the study of effects of tungsten and carbon on the structure of single-crystal seed blanks, and makes recommendations for optimizing the technological process of single-crystal casting of Ni–W seed blanks adjusting the alloy composition for the seed blanks.

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36

Dubodelov, Viktor I., Viktor K. Pogorsky, and Maksym S. Goryuk. "Magnetodynamic Mixer-Batcher for Overheating and Pouring of Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.481.

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Magnetodynamic mixer-batcher is intended for adjustable inductive heating and controlled electromagnetic pouring of cast iron into crystallizers and moulds on automated casting lines, chill-mould casting machines, rotor casting machines. Also, mixer-batcher allows realizing the out-of-furnace treatment of liquid alloys. In comparison with conventional ladle pouring of grey cast iron, application of magnetodynamic mixer-batcher allows to reach more isotropic structure and properties on casting body, to increase 5-10% the mechanical properties of castings, and to refine both the metal matrix structure and dimensions of graphite inclusions. Moreover, using of magneto-dynamic mixers-batchers provides automation of pouring, economy of materials and energy re-sources, increasing productivity, and improvement of ecology.

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Gavariev, Renat V., and Ksenia N. Gavarieva. "On the Issue of Casting Copper Alloys in Chill Mold." Materials Science Forum 1052 (February 3, 2022): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0kxodb.

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The article describes the features of the process of casting copper alloys in the chill mold. The main properties of alloys depending on the content of various components in it are revealed. The main negative factors leading to a decrease in the casting properties of the process, as well as the quality of the castings obtained, are indicated. Based on the information and analytical review, possible options for improving the efficiency of the process are identified. These include: alloying, refining, modification, the use of various one-time coatings, the use of heat treatment of castings. The use of hard coatings applied by the method of physical vapor deposition in order to increase the efficiency of the entire casting process is proposed.

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38

Ten, E. B., and O. A. Kol’. "Dependence of cast iron chill from its carbon equivalent." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-1-57-62.

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Numerical relation of cast iron chill characteristics (distance of chilled layer H and volume quota of ledeburite in it Qл ) with its carbon equivalent СE was investigared. This data helps to prognosticate with high probability the evolution of the surface chilled layer forming at the production of castings with different thickness from cast iron of various chemical compositions. The object of study is the unalloyed induction melted cast iron with eight variants of chemical composition with carbon equivalent from 3.30 up to 5.53 %. From these cast irons we made the step-by-step castings with steps sizes of 10×60 mm and thickness of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mm. The distance (depth) of chilled layer was measured at the fractures of the castings and gaged on thickness of full chill zone. Ledeburite volume quota was detected by metallographic method using “Nexsys-Image expert pro 3” computer program. According to experimental data, when the casting thickness is 5 and 10 mm the through (at all thickness) full chill is formed at carbon equivalent ≤ 4.08 % and ≤ 3.67 % consequently. At the castings with 20 and 40 mm thickness the zone of full chill is absent, and in this case the chilled layer depth increases with a decrease of carbon equivalent and decreases with an increase of casting’s thickness X. The dependence of H from СЕ have the exponential character and can be described by the equation H = A exp (–k СE ), where A and k are empirical coefficients. Ledeburite volume quota near the contact surface of casting with chiller is near 90 %, but with an increase in the distance from the surface it decreases with different intensity depending on changes of carbon equivalent and casting’s thickness. By mathematical processing of the experimental data received for the distance of 5 mm from the contact surface of the casting with chiller, we have detected that numerical re lation Qл in casting chilled layer with value of CE can be described by the exponential dependence

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Saikawa, Seiji, Chiharu Otsubo, Susumu Ikeno, and Koichi Komai. "Age Hardening Behavior of Al-Li Alloys Produced by Sand Mold Process." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1629.

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Al-Li alloys have higher mechanical properties and more lightweight than other conventional aluminum alloys. Therefore , it is focused as a good material for weight reduction of industrial fields. However, since the Al-Li alloy are highly active and hard to cast, there has been limited research on casting. In this study, age-hardening behavior of Al-2.5mass%Li alloys cast into sand and metal mold were investigated. All alloys cast into Y-block shape sand mold, and then artificial aged after solution treated at 743K for 36ks. Because of difference in quantity of precipitation by metastable δ’(Al3Li) phase, peak hardness of metal mold casting is higher than that of sand molds castings.

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40

FUJITA, Masato. "Casting and die casting of aluminum alloys." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 44, no. 10 (1994): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.44.574.

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Bobba, Sujith, Sambasiva Rao Mukkollu, Z. Leman, and Harish Babu Bachina. "Experimental Investigation on the Effect Due to Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Aluminum Alloy (A-1050)." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 9, no. 1 (January 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2021010105.

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In the current research work performed, the consequences caused in the casting aluminum alloy specimen due to mechanical mould vibrations are examined. Mould vibration throughout the casting provides decreased rate of shrinkage, good morphology, surface finish and lesser probability of hot tear. In this research work, the effect of mould vibration during solidification of Aluminum A-1050 alloys for dissimilar values of wavelengths at a permanent pouring temperature has been investigated to understand the modification in microstructure and mechanical properties after casting. The Al A-1050 casting has been made in a metal mould with different vibrations. The frequencies are varied from 15Hz to 50 Hz during the casting process. A casting has been made with different vibration as well to compare the results of castings with vibration frequencies. The experimental outcomes exhibited substantial grain refinement and significant increase in tensile strength and hardness of the castings with mechanical mould vibration during the duration and after solidification.

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Won, Chun-Soo, Jae Pil Jung, Kwang-Sik Won, and Ashutosh Sharma. "Technological Insights into the Evolution of Bronze Bell Metal Casting on the Korean Peninsula." Metals 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111776.

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Bronze cast bells have been designed and developed for hundreds of years, with the worldwide spread of several faiths and religions such as Buddhism, Catholicism, and Protestantism. The exceptional ringtones of bronze bell metals have scientific healing and cultural importance. In this review article, we highlight the evolution of bronze bell metal over the decades, its composition, and the complex fabrication technologies used to date. Furthermore, we overview ancient and modern casting alloy technology, especially bronze bell castings in Asia. The bell shape, materials, and alloy casting technology have undergone dramatic change over the years. For comparison, we include different bronze cast bells and their characteristics produced from the Middle Ages to the present times. Based on the data obtained from the bell casting technology surrounding the Korean Peninsula, the major trends in the evolution of bronze bell castings and long-standing traditions of mold materials and alloys are described. In the present review, the effects of different elements on bell materials are qualitatively overviewed, with an assessment of the material and casting properties, service life, and bell sound. We also highlight the challenges of conventional bronze casting and possible solutions for future investment castings and rapid prototyping of bronze bells.

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Gaspar, Stefan, Ján Pasko, and Ján Majerník. "Crystallization of Aluminium Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.48.

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The structure and properties of cast metals and alloys are in a high degree influenced by crystallization conditions. By the technological interventions into the crystallization process the mechanical properties and structural parameters of castings can be enhanced. The present contribution deals with the regularities of crystallization of alloys Al-Si produced by die casting process.

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44

Abdallah, Elsayed, Comondore Ravindran, and B. S. Murty. "Effect of Al-Ti-B Based Master Alloys on Grain Refinement and Hot Tearing Susceptibility of AZ91E Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.351.

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The objective of this study was to examine the potential of Al-5Ti-1B and Al-1Ti-3B master alloys in reducing the hot tearing susceptibility of AZ91E magnesium alloy. The low penetration of magnesium alloys for structural automotive applications can be attributed to their poor castability during permanent mould casting. An improvement in the castability of magnesium alloys will result in the production of larger castings for automotive applications and a reduction in vehicle weight. The addition levels examined for both master alloys were 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%. The master alloys were added to the AZ91E alloy and stirred for 30 seconds. For the graphite mould castings used to observe grain refinement, the pouring and mould temperatures were 720 and 750 °C respectively. The hot tear castings were produced using a “dog bone” shaped H-13 tool steel mould. The pouring and mould temperatures were 720 and 180 °C respectively. Without master alloy addition, the base AZ91E casting had severe hot tears. The addition of Al-5Ti-1B slightly reduced hot tears while Al-1Ti-3B addition significantly reduced hot tears. The addition of Al-1Ti-3B also significantly reduced the grain size of the castings from 113 µm in the base alloy to 72 µm with 1.0 wt.% addition. The addition of Al-5Ti-1B did not lead to a reduction of hot tears because of large TiAl3 particles acting as stress risers during solidification.

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45

Singh, R., and J. P. Singh. "Comparison of rapid casting solutions for lead and brass alloys using three-dimensional printing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 9 (June 12, 2009): 2117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1387.

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The purpose of the present investigation is to study and compare the feasibility of decreasing the shell wall thickness for rapid casting solution of brass and lead alloys using three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology. Starting from the identification of components/benchmarks, technological prototypes have been produced at different shell thicknesses using lead and brass alloys. Measurements on a coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the castings produced. Some important mechanical properties are also compared to verify the suitability of the castings and further results are supported by microstructure analysis. The study suggested that the production of sound casting for minimum wall thickness depends on pouring temperature and weight density. It has been observed that IT grades comparable to machining can be obtained with 3DP for lower pouring temperature alloys. Further feasibility of obtaining minimum shell thickness is more dependent on pouring temperature than weight density. Based on improved dimensional accuracy and microstructure analysis, the saving of costs up to 45.75 per cent and time up to 43 per cent can be achieved over the recommended one in the case of lead alloy for the selected benchmark/component. For brass alloy casting saving of costs and time up to 40.05 and 32.84 per cent, respectively, has been achieved.

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46

Georgiev, Georgi Evt, Sasho Popov, Valentin Manolov, Rositsa Dimitrova, and Pavel Kuzmanov. "Heat Transfer Process Computer Simulation and Microstructure Prediction During Crystallization of Metal Alloys." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtam-2013-0007.

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Анотація:

Abstract Processes of crystallization during casting formation from aluminum alloys, steel and cast iron have been studied using 3-D com- puter simulation. Temperature fields of castings have been obtained and the microstructure distribution of these castings has been predicted. A comparison between numerical results and experimental measurement has been performed. It is proved, that the proposed approach is suitable for investigation and analysis of casting technologies.

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47

Fintová, Stanislava, Giancarlo Anzelotti, Radomila Konečná, and Gianni Nicoletto. "Casting Pore Characterization by X-Ray Computed Tomography and Metallography." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 57, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10180-010-0014-y.

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Casting Pore Characterization by X-Ray Computed Tomography and MetallographyCasting porosity is the main factor influencing the fatigue properties of Al-Si alloys. Due to the increasing use of aluminum castings, porosity characterization is useful for estimating their fatigue strength. In principle, a combination of metallographic techniques and statistical pore analysis is a suitable approach for predicting the largest defect size that is critical for the casting. Here, the influence of modifiers and casting technology on the largest pore size population in AlSi7Mg alloy specimens is obtained and discussed adopting the Murakami's approach. However, porosity evaluation is a challenge in the case of microshrinkage pores, which are frequently found in industrial castings. Their complicated morphology prevents a reliable definition of an equivalent defect size based on metallographic techniques. This contribution reports the application of X-ray tomography to the 3D reconstruction of real pores in cast Al-Si alloys and provides insight into the complication of microshrinkage pore sizing by metallography.

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48

Visik, E. M., L. I. Rassokhina, A. B. Echin, and M. V. Gamazina. "Some aspects of improving the quality of GTE cast turbine blades of nickel superalloys." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 4(108) (January 31, 2022): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2021-108-4-82-98.

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The results of the development of casting technology for single-crystal high-pressure turbine blades from nickel superalloys with a crystallographic orientation (CGO) [001] were obtained on an automated casting unit for directional crystallization UVNK-9A, at machine-building enterprise. The construction of the casting blades blocks, technologies for the manufacture of molds, rods and casting of GTE working blades of heatresistant nickel alloys with a single-crystal structure and set-up CGO have been developed under real production conditions on UVNK-9A units substituting through-type furnaces. It is shown that preproduction series of single-crystal castings of working blades with shroud shelf were obtained, with a yield of suitable structure ≥ 75%. The structural-phase characteristics of the alloy of single-crystal blades castings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy in as cast state and after subsequent heat treatment. A comparative quantitative analysis of the microstructure and strength characteristics of supernickel alloy castings with CGO [001], obtained on a high-gradient directional crystallization unit and in a through-type furnace.

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49

Shalomeev, V. A., E. I. Tsyvirko, V. V. Klochyhin, and I. O. Chetvertak. "Heat-resistant magnesium-based alloys for aircraft casting." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 95, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2020.03.016.

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50

Chernyshov, E. A., I. V. Baev, and A. D. Romanov. "Mechanical properties and structure of castings at different ladle processing of liquid and crystalizing steel." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 8 (October 8, 2020): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-8-644-650.

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The paper presents studies on the effect of external influences when pouring-in high-strength alloyed steel into thin-walled metalshell molds with external cooling and into the same molds with suspension pouring-in (complex effect on hardened casting). Prerequisites for the selection of these technologies are considered. As control metal, we have investigated the casting received in volume liquid glass form. Macrostructure, cross-sectional view and mechanical properties of the metal at normal (+20 °C) and raised (+350 °C) temperatures were studied. The most dense and uniform structure and cross-sectional view were received in casting at complex influence. It was established that the main advantage of the offered technologies is increase in uniformity of mechanical properties on the section and height of castings, especially of plastic properties and impact strength. The anisotropy of properties on the section and height of pilot castings is much less, than in control casting. As a result of the studies, it was found that the external and complex effect on the forming casting allows one to affect the macrostructure and to improve the mechanical properties of castings at various test temperatures of the samples. In castings obtained in a metal-shell form with forced cooling, there is no noticeable difference in the mechanical properties both in height and in cross section of the casting. Moreover, the strength properties are by an average 100 MPa higher than that of the control casting, while maintaining high values of ductility and toughness.

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Статті в журналах з теми "Casting alloys"

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