Статті в журналах: "CASCADED BOOST CONVERTERS"

1

Sundar, T., and S. Sankar. "Modeling and Simulation of Closed Loop Controlled Parallel Cascaded Buck Boost Converter Inverter Based Solar System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i3.pp648-656.

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<p>This Work deals with design, modeling and simulation of parallel cascaded buck boost converter inverter based closed loop controlled solar system. Two buck boost converters are cascaded in parallel to reduce the ripple in DC output. The DC from the solar cell is stepped up using boost converter. The output of the boost converter is converted to 50Hz AC using single phase full bridge inverter. The simulation results of open loop and closed loop systems are compared. This paper has presented a simulink model for closed loop controlled solar system. Parallel cascaded buck boost converter is proposed for solar system.</p>

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2

Kumar, C. Prasanna, and N. Venugopal. "Performance and Stability Analysis of Series-Cascaded, High-Gain, Interleaved Boost Converter for Photovoltaic Applications." Power Electronics and Drives 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2018-0022.

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Abstract Interleaved boost converters (IBCs) are cascaded in parallel in most of the applications. This novel approach connects IBC in series cascade. The IBC has an optimal operating duty cycle of 0.5. Normally, photovoltaic source voltage is low because of space constraints. In order to boost the source voltage, a conventional boost converter is replaced with series-cascaded IBC in this paper. The single-stage IBC also boosts the voltage to twice the input voltage. In the proposed converter, output voltage is about four times the input voltage with the same 0.5 duty cycle. A mathematical model is developed and simulated for the proposed work in MATLAB/Simulink platform. The output of the proposed circuit is analysed through fast Fourier transform to know the harmonic content due to the switching. The system is tested for stability with signal-flow graph modelling. The proposed work is realised using hardware and tested to validate the model.

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3

Guo, Ke, Qiang Liu, Xinze Xi, Mingxuan Mao, Yihao Wan, and Hao Wu. "Coordinated Control Strategy of a Combined Converter in a Photovoltaic DC Boost Collection System under Partial Shading Conditions." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020474.

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Series–parallel module technology can meet a DC converter’s requirements of high-power, large-capacity, and high step-up ratio in photovoltaic a DC boost collection system. However, the cascaded structure has the problem of voltage and current sharing between modules, and due to the duty cycle limitation of converters, the combined converters in the PV-converter unit have an unbalanced voltage, which may also exceed the voltage range under partial shading conditions (PSCs). First, aiming at the problems of voltage sharing, current sharing, and low modularity in the combined converter, this paper proposes a distributed control strategy. Then, by adopting a coordinated control strategy based on the sub-module cutting in and out, the problem that the combined converter cannot normally boost under PSCs was solved. The paper not only takes the advantages of the cascade structure of the combined converter to increase the power and voltage, but also improves its modularity to solve the problem of abnormal operation under uneven irradiation. This dramatically improves the adaptability of combined converters in a photovoltaic DC collection system. Finally, a small power experiment was carried out, where the experimental results verified the effectiveness of the control strategy.

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4

Salehi, Navid, Herminio Martínez-García, and Guillermo Velasco-Quesada. "Modified Cascaded Z-Source High Step-Up Boost Converter." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111932.

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To improve the voltage gain of step-up converters, the cascaded technique is considered as a possible solution in this paper. By considering the concept of cascading two Z-source networks in a conventional boost converter, the proposed topology takes the advantages of both impedance source and cascaded converters. By applying some modifications, the proposed converter provides high voltage gain while the voltage stress of the switch and diodes is still low. Moreover, the low input current ripple of the converter makes it absolutely appropriate for photovoltaic applications in expanding the lifetime of PV panels. After analyzing the operation principles of the proposed converter, we present the simulation and experimental results of a 100 W prototype to verify the proposed converter performance.

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5

Ghaderi, Davood, and Gokay Bayrak. "A Novel Step-Up Power Converter Configuration for Solar Energy Application." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 25, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.25.3.23676.

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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) including full cells, wind turbines, and photovoltaic panels, widely are spreading. Among all the renewable energy sources, solar power generation system tops the list. The first choice is the boost converter when the voltage step-up is the issue. But the most important subject is applying an efficient structure with high gain, cheap and quick controller circuit. Our proposed cascaded boost converter is one of such converters which consists of several cheap components such as diode, inductor, capacitor and power switch, which has same switching frequency and phase shift in comparison with conventional boost converters. In comparison with the classic cascaded boost converter, the voltage gain for the proposed structure is very high and by forming a preamplifier layer, for a duty cycle of 80 % by adding only two diodes, one inductor, and one capacitor for the second block, voltage gain is increased by 5 times compared to the classic boost converter. The proposed method provides the increased output voltage along with the duty cycle. The projected strategy has been verified with the help of Matlab/Simulink. Also, a hardware implementation of the proposed converter has been done around 200 W by applying a Jiangyin HR-200W-24V type solar panel.

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6

Sutikno, Tole, Ahmad Saudi Samosir, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Hendril Satrian Purnama, Watra Arsadiando, and Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban. "Advanced DC–DC converter topologies for solar energy harvesting applications: a review." Clean Energy 7, no. 3 (May 6, 2023): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkad003.

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Abstract In this study, the advanced topologies of a DC–DC converter for applications involving the harvesting of solar energy are discussed. This work’s primary contribution is a guide for choosing the most effective topology for a DC–DC converter when developing solar energy collection systems. Several topologies of a DC–DC converter for solar energy harvesting applications are compared in terms of the range of power levels they can oversee, the complexity of the underlying hardware, the cost of implementation, the tracking efficiency and the overall efficiency of the converter. This article explains five innovative approaches for adapting boost converters to function as standard DC–DC converters to capture solar energy, consisting of (i) voltage-multiplier cell, (2) coupled inductor, (3) coupled inductor and switch capacitor, (4) cascaded topology and (5) voltage-lift technique. Because of the boost converter’s restrictions, it is necessary to deliver high performance. The comparison findings demonstrate that the voltage-lift-based boost-converter topology performs more effectively than the alternatives. In conclusion, the information presented in this paper can be utilized when developing solar energy collection systems to determine the sort of direct current to direct current converter that will be most effective.

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7

Zhou, Xuanyi, Wei Juin Choy, Abraham M. Alcaide, Shuo Wang, Sandro Guenter, Jose I. Leon, Vito Giuseppe Monopoli, et al. "Common DC-Link Capacitor Harmonic Current Minimization for Cascaded Converters by Optimized Phase-Shift Modulation." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052098.

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This paper investigates the influence of a constant carrier phase shift on the DC-link capacitor harmonic current of cascaded converters used in fuel-cell and mild-hybrid electric vehicles. In these applications, a DC-DC converter can be adopted between the battery and the motor drive inverter in a cascaded structure, where the two converters share the same DC-link. Since the DC-link capacitor of such a system represents a critical component, the optimization of the converter operation to limit the current stress and extend the lifetime of the capacitor is an primary objective. This paper proposes the use of a carrier phase shift between the modulations of the two converters in order to minimize the harmonic current of the DC-link capacitor. By harmonic analysis, an optimal carrier phase shift can be derived depending on the converter configuration. Analytical results are presented and validated by hardware-in-the-loop experiments. The findings show that the pulse width modulation carrier phase shift between the interleaved boost converter and the voltage source motor drive inverter has a significant influence on the DC-link capacitor current and thus on its lifetime. A case study with two-cell and three-cell interleaved boost converters shows a possible DC-link capacitor lifetime extension of up to 390%.

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8

Shen, Chih-Lung, Li-Zhong Chen, Tsung-Yung Chuang, and Yu-Shan Liang. "Cascaded-like High-Step-Down Converter with Single Switch and Leakage Energy Recycling in Single-Stage Structure." Electronics 11, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030352.

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A cascaded-like high-step-down converter (CHSDC) is proposed in this article, which can steeply convert a high voltage to a much lower level without the utilizing of extreme turns ratio or duty ratio. The proposed converter integrates two buck-boost converters and one forward converter to form a single-stage architecture containing only a single low-side driving switch, which, as a result, can lower the cost and reduce the complexity of the associated control driver. Even in a single-stage single-switch structure, the ability to step down input voltage is as effective as the cascade of two buck-boosts and one forward converter. Meanwhile, the proposed converter can avoid the low efficiency caused by a cascaded structure. Without an additional clamp circuit, the leakage energy stored in the transformer of the CHSDC can be still recycled so as to raise the efficiency of the converter and suppress voltage spikes at the power switch. Converter operation principle and key parameter design are discussed. Moreover, a 200 W prototype is built and then tested to validate the proposed converter and verify the theoretical analysis.

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9

Anish John Paul, M. "Design and Analysis of DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic Systems." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 8, S1 (June 5, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2019.8.s1.2318.

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The solar energy conversion system is an alternative for conventional power generating system. The voltage which is available from solar array is variable and to obtain a stable voltage from solar panels, DC-DC converters are required for constant power production. A PV module is designed in MATLAB-SIMULlNK using the S-function builder and controlled current source. The proposed PV module enables us to obtain its P-V and I-V characteristics at different temperature and radiations. This paper presents the design and simulation of DC-DC converters. In this paper, Boost converter, cascaded Buck Boost and Cuk converter are modelled in MATLAB and their results are compare

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10

Afridi, Muhammad Danial. "Isolated Cascaded DAB DC-DC Converter to Boost Medium DC Voltage to HVDC." Volume 21, Issue 1 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.2101.01.

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The offshore wind farms typically use ac system to collect power from each generator, with the voltage increased by means of high, heavy step-up transformers. DC collection grids have also recently been taken into consideration as solution to simplify and minimize the offshore windfarm platforms. DC collection grids offer an additional method to reduce complexity of offshore windfarms. However, to increase the DC voltage for HVDC transmission requires the development of high-power and high voltage converters, which presents a technical challenge. This research makes use of an isolated cascaded dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter to boost medium DC voltage to HVDC. Isolated Cascaded DAB DC-DC Converters are connected in series on the output side and in parallel on the input side to obtain a high transformation ratio and high power. The bidirectional DAB DC-DC converters cab be designed with power densities in the variability of tens to hundreds of kilowatts, depending on the components used and the switching frequency at which the converters function most effectively. The input parallel output series (IPOS) topology, 225 kV HVDC can be generated from a 5 kV MVDC input by cascading DAB DC-DC up to 30 stages. This converter family is useful due to its scalability and flexibility, since the power and voltage ratings can be increased while still using the same cells. MATLAB Simulink simulations are performed and verified the elementary operating characteristics of the system.

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11

Jamshidpour, Ehsan, Slavisa Jovanovic, and Philippe Poure. "Equivalent Two Switches and Single Switch Buck/Buck-Boost Circuits for Solar Energy Harvesting Systems." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030583.

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In this paper, a comparative analysis has been presented of two equivalent circuits of non-isolated buck/buck-boost converters under synchronous control, used in a stand-alone Photovoltaic-battery-load system. The first circuit consists of two cascaded buck and buck-boost classical converters with two controllable switches. The buck converter is used to extract the maximum power of the Photovoltaic source, and the buck-boost converter is applied for the output voltage level control. The second circuit consists of a proposed converter with a single controllable switch. In both cases, the switching frequency is used to track the maximum power point and the duty ratio controls the output voltage level. Selected simulation results and experimental tests confirm that the two conversion circuits have identical behavior under synchronous control. This study shows that the single switch converter has a lower size and cost, but it is limited in the possible control strategy.

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12

Zakir Ullah, Zeeshan Umar, Muhammad Awais, Asif Nawaz, Aamir Naeem Khan, Sheeraz Ahmed, and Mohsin Tahir. "Design and Analysis of Novel Cascaded Topology with LD Cell for Micro-source Grids." Journal of Computing & Biomedical Informatics 4, no. 01 (December 29, 2022): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56979/401/2022/112.

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This paper focus on DC-DC converter called Novel Cascaded topology. This converter lies in the category of Non-Isolated DC-DC boost converters with upgraded voltage gain based on conventional topology with LD cell for micro-source grids. The proposed novel cascaded topology increases the voltage boost ability. There are some merits of our proposed topology that includes small voltages stresses across the switch, as well as upgraded gain. We prefered to use switch having small voltage rating as well as small resistance in ON-mode (RDS-ON), it leads to provide high efficiency. In our cascaded topology with LD cell,we did not use large duty cycle, coupling inductors as well as transformer.We will utilize the Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) for the analysis of proposed novel cascaded topology. This topology is designed to operated on 12V supplying voltage, 55% duty cycle, 265W output power and frequency of 12KHz. The continous conduction mode (CCM) has been analyzed theoretically as well as practically based derived equations. The novel cascaded converter has been simulated in PSIM as well as MATLAB/SIMULINK, while explanations of the overall results are provided based on PSIM.

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Gholizadeh, Hossein, and Lazhar Ben-Brahim. "A New Non-Isolated High-Gain Single-Switch DC–DC Converter Topology with a Continuous Input Current." Electronics 11, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182900.

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An ultra-high step-up, non-isolated DC–DC converter with a continuous input current was developed as a result of this research. This converter’s architecture consists of a voltage multiplier cell (VMC), a positive output super lift Luo converter (POSLLC), and a quadratic boost converter (QBS) (also referred to as a cascaded boost topology (CBT)). Thus, the bold points of the topologies mentioned earlier enhance the voltage gain of the proposed topology. It is important to note that when the duty cycle is at 50%, the converter attains a voltage gain of ten. Additionally, the constant input current of the topology reduces the current stress on the input filter capacitor. This converter’s topology was investigated and studied under various operating conditions: ideal and non-ideal modes, as well as continuous and discontinuous current modes (CCM/DCM). The converter’s efficiency and voltage gain were also compared to those of newly proposed converters. PLECS and MATLAB software tools were used in the investigation of the proposed topology. A 200 V/200 W prototype was constructed. The experimental results validated the theoretical study and the simulation results. The extracted efficiency was 91%.

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Babu, Bobba Phaneedra, Allem Rama Krishna Reddy, Gujjula Pratap, Murra Harshavardhana Reddy, A. Hussien Abbas, Raj Kumar, and J. Praveen. "Comparison Analysis of Semiconductor Characterisation topologies using Energy Recirculation Concept." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101189.

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Energy recirculation concept in semiconductor device characterization can increase power handling capacity of the source and it will reduce naturally existing high electrical stresses on device under test. The proposed energy recirculation and storage circuits (ERSC) can be employed as a device in-situ testing unit, by storing and recirculating the energy of the storage elements. ERSC enables devices to be checked at full-power pressures without being attached to a high-power load or requiring high power source. ERSC has four active states of operations achieved by the two active switches of the proposed converter. This converter can function in four different modes of operation, namely - soft start, magnetize, charge, and energy recirculation modes. Another advantage of this converter is that the two circuits can be constructed to work synchronously or asynchronously, allowing for the testing of faster or slower devices depending on the performance of the device being tested. In this paper double pulse test, single ended buck boost and cascaded boost -buck ERSC converters are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and based on the results cascaded boost-buck ERSC having better performance compared to existing testing methods.

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Naresh, SVK, and Sankar Peddapati. "Complementary switching enabled cascaded boost‐buck‐boost (BS‐BB) and buck‐boost‐buck (BB‐BU) converters." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 49, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2736–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.3034.

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16

Kumar, M., and S. Ramesh. "Design and Implementation of Three-Winding Coupled Inductor and Switched Capacitor-Based DC–DC Converter Fed PV-TDVR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 09 (August 2019): 1950158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619501585.

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This paper presents a three-winding coupled inductor-based high-gain DC–DC converter fed transformerless dynamic voltage restorer (TDVR) to compensate the voltage sag, voltage swell and interruption in the single-phase power distribution network. The TDVR supported by the cascaded DC–DC boost converters offers high boosting gain. The cascaded connection of DC–DC converters reduces the efficiency due to the usage of more active and passive devices. The proposed PV-TDVR is designed to provide higher efficiency by reducing the number of power conversion stages with reduced numbers of active and passive components. The operating modes of the proposed PV-TDVR are presented in a comprehensive way. The MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB) simulation and 1-kV prototype model results are presented to analyze the performance of PV-TDVR in mitigating the voltage disturbances in the single-phase power distribution network.

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17

Boudja, Wassim, and Kamel Barra. "Integrated Model Predictive Control of a Single-Phase Multilevel T-type Converter for a Photovoltaic Grid Connected System under Failure Conditions." Power Electronics and Drives 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2023-0011.

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Abstract The article presents two contributions: the first is an optimised control structure for photovoltaic grid connected systems (PVGCSs). The power chain is composed of two cascaded power converters, namely, a boost converter and a five-level T-type multilevel converter. Traditionally, each power converter is controlled by a separate mode control (SMC) from the other, which is computationally intensive since each converter requires its own control system, which is not practical. The suggested control, called integrated finite set model predictive control (IFS-MPC), allows controlling cascaded converters at the same time in one stage, instead of controlling them separately. Consequently, the overall implementation system is widely reduced. The second contribution of the article is a modified IFS-MPC called modified integrated finite set-model predictive control (M-IFS-MPC), which ensures the correct functioning of the grid-tied PV system under certain faults in converter components. Indeed, when one of the DC-link capacitors fails or when one of the auxiliary switches breaks down, by selecting an appropriate choice of the DC-link capacitors’ voltage reference, the proposed design allows a normal operation without intervention on the power circuit.

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18

Gholizadeh, Hossein, Reza Sharifi Shahrivar, Mir Hashemi, Ebrahim Afjei, and Saman A. Gorji. "Design and Implementation a Single-Switch Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based on Cascaded Boost and Luo Converters." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123584.

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We designed and implemented a single-switch step-up DC-DC converter based on cascaded boost and Luo converters. The proposed converter demonstrated a quadratic voltage gain and a high efficiency, which makes it suitable for renewable energy applications, where a high voltage gain ratio is desired without imposing a high number of bulky items or employing a high duty cycle of the active switches. This converter benefits from the continuity of the input current waveform, which equips the maximum utilisation of renewable energy sources. While a transformer-less high voltage-gain was achieved, the voltage and current stresses of the power switch and diodes were kept low in comparison with the existing quadratic DC-DC converters. We analysed the converter in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. A non-ideal model of components was considered for power loss and efficiency calculations and comparisons. Finally, the simulation results were extracted with PLECS and validated with experiments on a 120 W prototype.

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Buvana, D., and R. Jayashree. "ANFIS Controller-Based Cascaded Nonisolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 01 (October 15, 2018): 1950001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500014.

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The development of bidirectional DC–DC converters has become important because of their requirement in energy-storage systems. The simple structure of nonisolated bidirectional DC–DC converter types includes multilevel, switched-capacitor, buck-boost, and coupled inductor type. In multilevel and switched-capacitor types, if large voltage gain must be provided, more switches and capacitors are required. Since the leakage inductor energy cannot be recycled, voltage stresses on the switches are present. Therefore, the control strategy is easily implemented in the system operation. This paper presents a cascaded nonisolated dc–dc switched coupled converter for enhancement of the switching operation. For the optimal switching performances, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique is utilized. The AI technique is the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for generating the optimal control pulses to enhance the performance of boost and buck switch. In addition, the proposed technique is utilized in cascaded nonisolated DC–DC switched coupled converter to reduce the losses. In the ANFIS technique, the error voltage and change in error voltage are given as inputs. At the same time, the ANFIS controller is employed to reduce the error value and produce the optimized gain pulses. In the buck and boost switch mode of operation, it is enhanced with the help of the proposed technique. Moreover, the operating principle and voltage conversion ratio are discussed. It is seen that the implementation of the proposed controller improves the efficiency of the system and also reduces the voltage drop across the switching operation. Then the proposed ANFIS technique with bidirectional converter topology was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink working platform and the output performance is analyzed. Then the proposed circuit performance is compared to the existing circuit such as proportional integral derivative (PID), artificial neural network (ANN) and Fuzzy, respectively.

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Moadabi, N., M. Mahmoodi, and G. B. Gharehpetian. "Control systems of distributed generation modules aggregated by cascaded boost converters." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 05 (March 2007): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj05.278.

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21

Ahmad, Fiaz, Akhtar Rasool, Esref Emre Ozsoy, Asif Sabanoviç, and Meltem Elitas. "A robust cascaded controller for DC-DC Boost and Cuk converters." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2016-0118.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a robust cascaded controller based on proportional-integral (PI) and continuous sliding mode control. Design/methodology/approach Cascaded control structure is an attractive control scheme for DC-DC power converters. It has a two-loop structure where the outer loop contains PI controller and the inner loop uses sliding mode control (SMC). This structure thus combines the merits of both the control schemes. However, there are some issues that have prohibited its adoption in industry, the discontinuous nature of SMC which leads to variable switching frequency operation and is hard to realize practically. This paper attempts to overcome this issue by changing the discontinuous functionality of SMC to continuous by utilizing the concept of equivalent control. Findings The robustness of the controller designed is verified by considering various cases, namely, ideal case with no uncertainties, sudden variation of input supply voltage, load resistance, reference voltage, circuit-parameters and for noise disturbance. The controller effectiveness is validated by simulating the DC-DC boost and Cuk converters in SimPowerSystems toolbox of MATLAB/Simulink. It is shown that the performance of the proposed controller is satisfactory, and both reference output voltage and inductor current are tracked with little or no sensitivity to disturbances. Originality/value The results for various scenarios are interesting and show that the controller works quite satisfactorily for all the simulated uncertainties.

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Zhang, Bo, Jin Huang, Yongfeng Song, Xinbo Liu, Jiahui Ren, Chengwei Kang, Yingtao Ma, Shijie Sun, and Lijun Diao. "Sharing Voltage and Current of an Input-Series–Output-Parallel Boost-LLC Converter." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 7165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197165.

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Modular input-series–output-parallel (ISOP) converters are very suitable for high-voltage and high-power applications. In order to ensure the normal operation of ISOP converters, it is necessary to realize the input-voltage and output-current equalization of each submodule. However, there are few studies on the input-voltage and output-current equalization performance of the ISOP system. In this paper, the input-voltage and output-current equalization characteristics of a Boost + LLC modular ISOP converter are studied based on the small-signal model. In this paper, the small-signal model of an ISOP system is first established, and then the input-voltage and output-current equalization performance of the ISOP system under the condition of inconsistent submodule parameters are analyzed. Finally, simulations and experiments are reported to verify the results. The experimental results show that the ISOP system composed of a Boost + LLC cascaded module has excellent voltage and current self-equalization performance.

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Chakravarthi, B. N. Ch V., and G. V. Siva Krishna Rao. "A High Gain Novel Double-Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 15 (July 6, 2020): 2050246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502461.

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In solar photovoltaic (PV)-based DC microgrid systems, the voltage output of the classical DC–DC converter produces very less voltage as a result of poor voltage gain. Therefore, cascaded DC–DC boost converters are mandatory for boosting the voltage to match the DC microgrid voltage. However, the number of devices utilized in the DC–DC conversion stage becomes higher and leads to more losses. Thereby, it affects the system efficiency and increases the complication of the system and cost. In order to overcome this drawback, a novel double-boost DC–DC converter is proposed to meet the voltage in DC microgrid. Also, this paper discusses the detailed operation of maximum power point (MPP) tracking techniques in the novel double-boost DC–DC converter topology. The fundamental [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] characteristics of solar photovoltaic system, operational details of MPP execution and control strategies for double-boost DC/DC converter are described elaborately. The proposed converter operation and power injection into the DC microgrid are verified through the real-time PSCAD simulation and the validation is done through the experiment with hardware module which is indistinguishable with the simulation platform.

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Kunstbergs, Noass, Hartmut Hinz, Nigel Schofield, and Dennis Roll. "Efficiency Improvement of a Cascaded Buck and Boost Converter for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Overlapping Input and Output Voltages." Inventions 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030074.

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Fuel cell hybrid vehicles represent an alternative to battery electric vehicles and will gain importance in the future as they do not need large battery capacities and thus require less critical raw materials. Depending on the electric architecture, the voltage of the fuel cell stack and traction battery may overlap. Accordingly, it is necessary to use a bidirectional DC–DC converter that connects the battery to the DC bus, which supports overlapping input and output voltages. Furthermore, these converters should be non-isolating in terms of compact design. Concerning complexity and controllability, the bidirectional cascaded buck and boost converter is preferable and is the subject of this study. Published literature presents the bidirectional cascaded buck and boost converter with high losses for overlapping input and output voltages, introducing two methods for this operation mode. The method selected for this study, namely buck + boost, uses two switches, whereby one switch has a fixed duty cycle. However, there is no appropriate investigation to determine the impact of this fixed duty cycle on converter efficiency to date. Furthermore, efficiency improvement is possible by switching frequency modulation, but current literature does not address this modulation method for overlapping input and output voltages. Therefore, this paper investigates a non-isolated hard-switched bidirectional cascaded buck and boost converter for fuel cell hybrid vehicles operating with up to 19.8 kW. The study focuses on determining the optimum fixed duty cycle and efficiency optimisation through a novel critical conduction mode with adapted switching frequency by utilising the load-dependent inductance of the inductor with powder cores. Measurements with an experimental setup validate the proposed modulation method with Si-IGBT half-bridge modules. The results demonstrate that a loss reduction of 39% is possible with switching frequency modulation and the optimum duty cycle compared to fixed switching frequency. As a result, the converter achieves high efficiencies of up to 99% and low device junction temperatures.

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Thayumanavan, Porselvi, Deepa Kaliyaperumal, Umashankar Subramaniam, Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Zbigniew Leonowicz, and Massimo Mitolo. "Combined Harmonic Reduction and DC Voltage Regulation of A Single DC Source Five-Level Multilevel Inverter for Wind Electric System." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060979.

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Wind power generation has increased in the past twenty years due to the development of power electronic converters. Power generation through wind has advantages over other renewable sources, such as having more efficiency, being pollution-free, and its abundant availability. Power electronic converters play a vital role in the wind energy conversion system. This paper presents a wind-electric system with a permanent magnet synchronous generator, diode rectifier, DC-DC converter (buck-Boost or Cuk converter), and a three-phase five-level inverter. The five-level inverter is a modified form of a cascaded H-bridge inverter that uses a single DC source as an input irrespective of several levels and phases. As the wind speed changes, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) voltage and frequency changes, but for practical applications, these changes should not be allowed; hence, a voltage controller is used that maintains the output voltage of a DC converter, andthus a constant AC output is obtained. The DClink voltage is maintained at the desired voltage by a Proportional plus Integral (PI)-based voltage controller. The DC link voltage fed to the multilevel inverter (MLI) is converted to AC to feed the load. The MLI is controlled with a new Selected Harmonic Elimination (SHE), which decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD). The system is simulated with an Resistive plus Inductive (RL) load and is tested experimentally with the same load;the results prove that the Cuk converter has a better efficiency compared to the Buck-Boost converter, and the system has less THD when compared with the conventional SHE Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique.

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Ramos-Paja, Carlos Andrés, Juan David Bastidas-Rodríguez, and Daniel González-Montoya. "Non-linear controller for storage systems with regulated outputvoltage and safecurrent slew-rate for the battery." Revista UIS Ingenierías 19, no. 3 (March 27, 2020): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v19n3-2020012.

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This paper proposes a non-linear control structure for a hybrid energy storage system with a series architecture, which regulates the voltage of a DC bus (output voltage) and ensures that the battery current fulfills the current slew-rate restriction. The proposed solution has two stages, in the first one, the battery is connected to a buck/boost converter that feeds an auxiliary capacitor. In the second stage, the auxiliary capacitor is connected to a DC bus through a second buck/boost converter. Both converters are regulated using cascaded control systems, where the inner loops are slidingmode controllers of the inductors’ current, and the outer loops in the first and second converter are designed to limit the slew-rate of the battery current and to regulate the dc bus voltage, respectively. The paper provides the design procedure for the controllers and validates its performance with simulation results for the power system operating in charging, discharging and stand-by modes.

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Villanueva-Loredo, Juan Antonio, Ma Guadalupe Ortiz-Lopez, Jesus Leyva-Ramos, and Luis Humberto Diaz-Saldierna. "Switching Regulator Based on a Non-Inverting Step-Down/Up DC–DC Converter for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (May 29, 2023): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061144.

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A regulator based on a converter with step-down/up characteristics is discussed in this paper, which is suitable for processing energy from a lithium-ion battery pack, where the voltage fluctuates from above or below the nominal value. However, this regulator can also be used for applications such as unregulated line rectifiers and renewable energy sources, among others. The converter consists of a non-cascaded interconnection of boost and buck–boost converters such that part of the input energy is transferred directly to the output without reprocessing. Furthermore, it has a non-pulsating input current and a non-inverting output voltage, making it easier to feed the power to other devices. For control purposes, non-linear and linear converter models are derived. The transfer functions of the linear model are used to implement the regulator using a current-mode control scheme. Finally, experimental results for a nominal output voltage of 48 V at 500 W are obtained for the converter in open-loop and closed-loop tests.

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Thounthong, Phatiphat, Pongsiri Mungporn, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Nicu Bizon, Serge Pierfederici, and Damien Guilbert. "Improved Adaptive Hamiltonian Control Law for Constant Power Load Stability Issue in DC Microgrid: Case Study for Multiphase Interleaved Fuel Cell Boost Converter." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148093.

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The cascaded connection of power converters in a DC microgrid may cause instabilities. Indeed, power converters operating as external loads exhibit constant power load (CPL) behaviors. In this study, the design of the feedback controller of a multi–cell interleaved fuel cell (FC) step–up power circuit is based on the adaptive Hamiltonian control law. It includes two integral terms to confirm that there is no steady-state error in the DC bus voltage, and to guarantee the current balancing of each input inductor current. The design confirms that the desired equilibrium point is (locally) asymptotically stable by using the Lyapunov stability proof. The control approach is validated via digital simulations and experimental tests performed with a 2500 W FC converter supplied by an FC/reformer size of 2500 W and 50 V.

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Gu, Jiayuan, Hongmei Li, Hengguo Zhang, Chen Pan, and Zhiyuan Luan. "Cascaded model‐free predictive control for single‐phase boost power factor correction converters." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 31, no. 10 (May 7, 2021): 5016–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.5526.

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Haroun, Reham, Abdelali El Aroudi, Angel Cid-Pastor, Germain Garcia, Carlos Olalla, and Luis Martinez-Salamero. "Impedance Matching in Photovoltaic Systems Using Cascaded Boost Converters and Sliding-Mode Control." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30, no. 6 (June 2015): 3185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2014.2339134.

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31

Yu, Jingrong, Maoyun Liu, Dongran Song, Jian Yang, and Mei Su. "A Soft-Switching Control for Cascaded Buck-Boost Converters Without Zero-Crossing Detection." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 32522–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2903841.

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32

Saravanan, S., K. Karunanithi, and S. Pragaspathy. "A Novel Topology for Bidirectional Converter with High Buck Boost Gain." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 14 (March 20, 2020): 2050222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502229.

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In non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters (NIBIDC), voltage output of buck/boost mode is incongruous at lower and higher end due to the existing gain. In this paper, a novel NIBIDC is designed in such a way that it enhances the gain in both buck and boost mode of operation. The proposed NIBIDC is employed with four power switches (MOSFET) with an anti-parallel diode embodied, four inductors and three capacitors used as passive elements. The current flow in parallel connected inductor improves the circuit competence. Voltage gain of NIBIDC in buck operation is lower than conventional cascaded bidirectional buck/boost converter (CCBBC) whereas the voltage gain is higher than CCBBC in boost mode. The switching stress is same while the efficiency of NIBIDC is more than CCBBC. The topology structure of the NIBIDC is simple and easy to control. The performance analysis under steady-state condition of the novel converter is carried out and a detailed comparison with CCBBC is done in connection to switching stress, converter efficiency and duty ratios to output power, etc. The operation details for proposed NIBIDC in both mode is verified/validated by experimenting with 20[Formula: see text]V input for different duty ratios in charging and discharging state of a battery and the results infer to be identical with theoretical analysis.

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Archana, N., and R. Aravind Babu. "Fault-tolerant reconfigurable second-life battery system using cascaded DC- DC converter." Scientific Temper 14, no. 01 (March 25, 2023): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.1.23.

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Objectives: To control the power flow resulting in improved utilization of the available cells, increased lifetime, and higher reliability. Reduce the gross energy demand and global warming potential and to promote Zero Waste.Methods: A reconfigurable battery system using second-life batteries based on cascaded DC-DC converters is presented. When compared to conventional boost converters, it can be demonstrated that each submodule’s power can be controlled separately, improving the battery system’s available capacity. Faulty battery modules can be bypassed, increasing the system’s reliability and fault tolerance capability. The chosen approach is shown with cascaded system using proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and the Single-phase inverter with SPWM technique for the Stationary load applicationFindings: The proposed cascaded system act as a fault tolerant system since the source is the second-life battery even though there is fault has occurred in the system meets the load demand. These simulations are done in MATLAB and the results are discussed. The DC link voltage of the cascaded system has more ripple based on the tuning of the PID controller with the values of Kp,Ki, Kd the ripple can be decreased.Novelty: Cascaded system with a fault-tolerant system using the second life battery will promote the zero-carbon waste of the batter and it is the new approach

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Kalaiarasu, Srinivasan, and Sudhakar Natarajan. "A comparison statement on DCPWM based conducted EMI noise mitigation process in DC-DC converters for EV." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 704–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4315.

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Fast switching techniques at high frequencies are employed for quick charging and energy conversion in electric vehicle (EV) power converters. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise is produced due to the fast-switching process, which may result in malfunctioning and degraded EV performance. In this work, a digital chaotic pulse width modulation (DCPWM) technique-based EMI noise mitigation process has been applied to elementary positive output super lift Luo (EPOSLL), two-stage cascaded boost (TSCB), and ultra-lift Luo (ULL) converters, and a comparison study has been conducted with EMI reduction levels as per electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. The duty cycle is varied from 0.5 to 0.67 to get the desired output voltage as an input of 10V to achieve the power ratings of 40 W to 80 W for various load conditions. A total of 4 dBV (3 V) to 15 dBV (10 V) of conducted EMI noise has been mitigated for the above-said converters. Simulation results based on power spectrum density and hardware results based on fast fourier transform (FFT) of output voltages are analyzed. According to the findings, the ULL converter is more acceptable for electromagnetic compatibility in EV applications than EPOSLL and TSCB DC-DC converters.

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Wu, Jiawen. "A Unified Switch Loss Model and Design Consideration for Multilevel Boost PFC With GaN Devices." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 6, no. 4 (December 2021): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2021.00032.

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Recently, multilevel converters with gallium nitride (GaN) devices have shown marvelous advantages for power factor correction (PFC) conversion to meet the increasingly higher efficiency and power density requirements. In the traditional design process for the multilevel PFC converter, it is necessary to separately optimize the devices of the corresponding breakdown voltage under different level number, which causes difficulty to the overall optimization of the entire system. In this paper, a unified minimum loss model for GaN switches regardless of voltage levels is proposed to optimize the efficiency based on device’s new figure-of-merit (NFoM) (NFoM = COSS(ER) RDS(on)). With the help of this unified minimum loss model, it simplifies the efficiency optimizing methodology according to the NFoMs of GaN devices for multilevel PFC converter. According to the methodology, a 2 kW cascaded H-bridge (CHB) PFC prototype is constructed to verify the design methodology, achieving over 99% efficiency with power density over 1000 W/in3 .

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36

Hassan, Turki Kahawish. "Reduction of single DC bus capacitance in photovoltaic cascaded multilevel converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1660-1674.

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<span lang="EN-US">This paper presented single DC bus single phase seven level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter for multi-panel photovoltaic grid-connected applications. A single DC bus supplying flyback converters to produce DC link voltages for CHB cells is suggested. A balanced operation of CHB inverter cells is obtained irrespective to power unbalance occurred by individual maximum power point tracking boost converter of photovoltaic (PV) panels due to the non-uniform irradiation and partial shading. A DC bus voltage control system with addition of estimated DC bus ripple voltage to the reference is proposed to eliminate the second order harmonic contained in the feedback voltage of DC bus enabling to design high bandwidth of DC voltage control loop. This produces fast dynamic response, low total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current and smaller DC bus capacitance. Mathematical modeling of bus voltage control system is presented. PSIM simulation program is used and the simulation results are obtained to validate the proposed control system.</span>

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Waradzyn, Zbigniew, Robert Stala, Andrzej Mondzik, Aleksander Skała, and Adam Penczek. "GaN-Based DC-DC Resonant Boost Converter with Very High Efficiency and Voltage Gain Control." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 6403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236403.

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This paper presents a concept for the operation of a resonant DC–DC switched-capacitor converter with very high efficiency and output voltage regulation. In its basic concept, such a converter operates as a switched-capacitor voltage doubler (SCVD) in the Zero Current Switching (ZCS) mode with a constant output voltage. The proposed methods of switching allow for the switched-capacitor (SC) converter output voltage regulation, and improve its efficiency by the operation with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). In this paper, various switching patterns are proposed to achieve high efficiency and the output voltage control by frequency or duty cycle regulation. Some examples of the application of the proposed switching patterns are presented: in current control at the start-up of the converter, in a bi-directional converter, and in a modular cascaded system. The paper also presents an analytical model as well as the relationships between the switching frequency, voltage ratio and efficiency. Further, it demonstrates the experimental verification of the waveforms, voltage ratios, as well as efficiency. The proposed experimental setup achieved a maximum efficiency of 99.228%. The implementation of the proposed switching patterns with the ZVS operation along with the GaN-based (Gallium Nitride) design, with a planar choke, leads to a high-efficiency and low-volume solution for the SCVD converter and is competitive with the switch-mode step-up converters.

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38

Noroozian, Reza, Gevorg Gharehpetian, Mehrdad Abedi, and Mishel Mahmoodi. "Grid-Tied and Stand-Alone Operation of Distributed Generation Modules Aggregated by Cascaded Boost Converters." Journal of Power Electronics 10, no. 1 (January 20, 2010): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/jpe.2010.10.1.097.

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39

Shoja-Majidabad, Sajjad. "Flatness-Based Decentralized Adaptive Backstepping Control of Cascaded DC–DC Boost Converters Using Legendre Polynomials." Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 31, no. 6 (July 2, 2020): 1533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40313-020-00622-8.

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40

Benamrane, Karima, Thameur Abdelkrim, Benlahbib Benlahbib, Noureddine Bouarroudj, Abdelhalim Borni, Abdelkader Lakhdari, and Ahmed Bahri. "New Optimized Control of Cascaded Multilevel Converters for Grid Tied Photovoltaic Power Generation." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540512.

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This paper proposes a new optimized control of photovoltaic two stages conversion cascade composed by Three Levels Boost (TLB) and Three Levels Neutral Point Clamped (TLNPC) inverter. In order to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic generator and get a balanced DC bus voltage, the duty cycles of the two TLB switches are determinate from a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for the first switch and by adding to the first duty cycle an additional duty cycle obtained by integration of the error between the two capacitors voltages of DC bus. Balancing the bus voltages by the TLB using a single regulator avoid us to use a complex balancing algorithm by the redundant vectors of TLNPC inverter. For the control of the inverter, we used a Proportional Integral (PI) regulator optimized by PSO. This command allows us to have on one side a constant DC bus voltage and a current injection in phase with the grid voltage. To have an efficient follow-up of the TLNPC inverter reference voltages, the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is applied. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The results obtained from the application of the FLC command associated with PI PSO are better compared to the simulation without optimization in terms of sum of the absolute values of the errors at the inputs of the three PI regulators.

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41

Zheng, Wei, Cong Hu, Bin Zhao, Xiao-Bao Su, Gang Wang, Xiao-Wan Hou, and Bruce Gu. "A Two-Stage DC/DC Isolated High-Voltage Converter with Zero-Voltage Switching and Zero-Current Switching Applied in Electronic Power Conditioners." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176378.

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This paper presents a two-stage DC/DC converter with high efficiency utilized in an electronic power conditioner (EPC), which is widely applicable in satellite communications, etc. The galvanically isolated converter contains two cascaded converters: a buck converter, which is a pre-regulator operating under a closed-loop condition, and a push–pull converter, which is intended to boost the input voltage, operating under an open-loop condition. In the push–pull converter, the power switches, including the main switches and the rectifier diodes, operate under zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS) at both switch off and switch on, which minimizes the switching loss. Furthermore, all of the parasitic parameters, such as the parasitic capacitance, leakage inductance, and magnetizing inductance of the main transformer, are fully utilized. Therefore, the presented topology benefits from fewer semiconductors but higher efficiency. The proposed topology produces less EMI noise because of ZVS and ZCS processes whose fundamental switching frequency interference is relatively low. The presented converter achieves a wide bus voltage regulation range in a satellite because of the pre-regulation of the buck cell. The theoretical analysis is validated by a prototype and its experimental results. The maximum efficiency of the converter can be up to 94.5%, and the high-voltage output is 7000 V.

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Zhang, Chao, Jun Wang, Sai Tang, Daming Wang, Hengyu Yu, Zongjian Li, Xin Yin, and Z. John Shen. "Coordinated Two-Stage Operation and Control for Minimizing Energy Storage Capacitors in Cascaded Boost-Buck PFC Converters." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 191286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030390.

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43

Cheng, Zhiping, Zhongwen Li, Shuihui Li, Jinfeng Gao, Jikai Si, Himadry Shekhar Das, and Weizhen Dong. "A novel cascaded control to improve stability and inertia of parallel buck-boost converters in DC microgrid." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 119 (July 2020): 105950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105950.

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Rashmi, M. R., and B. Anu. "Cascading of Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter Boosters for High Voltage Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.876.

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Nonconventional energy sources are playing important role in meeting current power/energy demands. However these sources cannot provide High voltage/power. For power conditioning and voltage amplification solid state power converters are very much essential. One such approach to obtain high voltage was to use cascaded multilevel inverter but cascaded multilevel inverters require separate DC sources and they cannot be used for regenerative applications. To overcome these limitations, a novel configuration is using diode clamped multilevel inverter is proposed here. . The conditioned DC voltage from photovoltaic cells or fuel cells or batteries is boosted and inverted by means of multistage Multilevel Inverters (MLI). Three different configurations are presented in this paper. From the simulation results of all three configurations, the topology which is found to be better is implemented in the real time. A proto type is developed to boost 40 V input DC to 100 V AC and the experimental results for the same are presented.

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Broday, Gabriel R., Luiz A. C. Lopes, and Gilney Damm. "Exact Feedback Linearization of a Multi-Variable Controller for a Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter as Interface of an Energy Storage System." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 7923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217923.

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DC microgrids have shown to be a good approach for better accommodating stochastic renewable energy sources (RES) and for the charging of electric vehicles (EVs) at the distribution level. For this, fast-acting energy storage units (ESSs) are essential. This requires that both the bi-directional power converter topology and the control scheme present the right set of features. The ESS discussed in this paper consists of a new DC-DC converter based on a tapped inductor (TI) for a higher voltage gain at moderate duty cycles. The direction of the current in its intermediate inductor does not need to be reversed for power flow reversal, leading to a faster action. Moreover, it can employ a multi-state and multi-variable modulation scheme that eliminates the right half-plane (RHP) zero, common in boost-type converters. In order to achieve good dynamic performance across a wide range of operating points, a control scheme based on feedback linearization is developed. This paper presents the modeling of the five-switch DC-DC converter operating in the tri-state buck–boost mode. A systematic approach for deriving control laws for the TI current and output voltage based on exact state feedback linearization is discussed. The performance of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation for a supercapacitor (SC)-based ESS. It is compared to that of a conventional control scheme for a dual-state buck–boost mode with cascaded PI controllers designed based on small-signal models. The results show that both control schemes work similarly well at the operating point that the conventional control scheme was designed for. However, only the proposed scheme allows the SC-based ESS to control the current injected into the DC microgrid with the voltage of the SC varying between the expected range of rated to half-rated.

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N, Kanagaraj, Morteza Mollajafari, Farzam Mohammadiazar, Ehsan Akbari, Ebrahim Sheykhi, and Hicham Chaoui. "A New Voltage-Multiplier-Based Power Converter Configuration Suitable for Renewable Energy Sources and Sustainability Applications." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416698.

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The sustainability of new-generation energy sources has become one of the most critical challenges in recent years as renewable energy sources (RESs) rapidly replace old fossil sources. Integration between RESs and the grid should be completed through power electronics converters and optimized control techniques. RESs have many advantages, such as having increased reliability and sustainability, being environmentally friendly, and having cheaper maintenance costs and more reasonable energy prices. Photovoltaic (PV) panels are among the most popular RESs. A PV array’s generated voltage level is unsuitable for direct load or grid connection and has to be enhanced via a DC-DC boost converter. After that, an inverter should be used to change the generated DC voltage to AC voltage for the grid or loads. In order to reach higher voltage gains, different structures have been proposed in the literature, such as cascaded converters, non-isolated converters (including transformers), and positive- and negative-voltage-lift Luo converters. These converters have some disadvantages, such as including a large number of semiconductor devices and inductors, heavy and bulky structures, and the need for intermediate converters to convert DC to AC voltage and vice versa. Besides the efficiency and high DC voltage gain feature, to achieve more reliability and sustainability and a longer lifetime of the PV source, the current drawn from these sources should be as ripple-free as possible. This study considers all these details by presenting a novel DC-DC power boost converter. The steady-state analysis, simulation, and test results are presented. The most important features of the proposed converter include the lack of need for a transformer, intermediate inverter, rectifier converters, and bulky and heavy components, while still ensuring that high voltage gains and high efficiencies are possible. Simulation results showed that for duty ratios from D = 0.05 to D = 0.15 for the switch S3, the gain of the converter was 22, 35, and 70 times greater than the input voltage, respectively. The desired 200 VDC and 400 VDC voltages for the output nodes were obtained using 12 VDC as the input voltage with and without the switched-capacitor cell, respectively. A limited number of the voltages between −47 and 12 V dropped across the inductors, and a reversed voltage from −12 to −48 V was reported for the power diodes. Additionally, an efficiency close to 96.88% was obtained for the proposed converter. According to the experimental results, a voltage close to 198 VDC was obtained with a 12 VDC input voltage source without using the switched-capacitor cell. A current with a maximum of 7 A was reported for the output diode, and more than 96% efficiency was reported. The results showed that the primary source of the power losses was the semiconductors, and the switching losses made up around 69% and 88% of the total losses for the switches and diodes, respectively. The present topology has three power switches. Two of the switches are activated and deactivated simultaneously. The third switch is activated or deactivated in reverse with the other switches. The results showed that for short-duty ratios such as 0.5 for switches S1 and S2 and 0.35 for switch S3, DC voltage gains close to 35 were obtained theoretically. The generated voltage could be doubled by applying fourth and fifth power switches by making a switched-capacitor-based topology. All of these details are illustrated in this study in detail. The proposed circuit was set up and tested in a laboratory environment. The test results confirm the simulation and theoretical analysis.

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Najdek, Karol, Radosław Nalepa, and Robert Lis. "Selection of Output Voltage Compensators Gains in Two Cascaded Boost Converters with Input Filters by Means of the \({\mathfrak{D}}\)-Decomposition Technique." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185883.

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In this paper, the D-decomposition technique is investigated as an intuitive method for finding the non-linear trajectories of PI-compensator gains. The trajectories reflect the desired dynamic properties at a system level specified by the gain and the phase margin (GMPM) in the frequency domain. They are presented as parametric curves in the proportional and the integral gains coordinates in form of KI=f(KP) functions. The curves are inscribed into global stability boundaries (GSB). The corresponding Nyquist plots are included for comparison. The analysis is based on a system consisting of two serial-connected boost converters. Each converter has its input filter. The major parasitic components of the system are taken into account during the mathematical and simulation modelling. The control circuit time delays and non-linear semiconductors characteristics are also included. A complete set of practically useful system-level transfer functions in form of mathematical formulas is included. Selected aspects, such as the control-to-output voltage and the control-to-input current of one sub-system of the simulation model, have been verified experimentally. The presented results clearly indicate the need for interactions between the sub-systems of a system to be taken into account during controller gains selection.

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Ch. Santosh Kumar and S. Tara Kalyani. "Improvement of Power Quality in Smart Grid Connected PV System Using Multilevel Inverter." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 31, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.31.1.113.

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This research proposed a cascaded multi-level inverter (CMLI) technique using Harris Hawk’s Optimisation (HHO) for grid-connected P.V. systems. The photovoltaic (P.V.) system is connected to CMLI-isolated DC connections based on the relevant D.C. to D.C. converters. The main goal of the suggested approach is to control power or boost solar system energy conversion while maintaining power quality. CMLI is integrated into fewer switches, diodes, and sources to produce the best control signal with the suggested controller. To provide the best control signal data set for the CMLI, the gain parameter under the source's current normal value is assessed using the HHO. The proposed control theory and keeping the power factor constant control the active power fed to the grid. The suggested approach of integrating solar electricity into the grid using DC-DC converters and an asymmetric multi-level inverter structure is supported by the reduction in THD and active power to the grid. The suggested model is developed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK programme, and the experimental setup is used to validate the results. On the grid side, lower THD was attained, which complies with IEEE standards. .

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Manas, Servavidya Kumar, and Bharat Bhushan. "Performance Analysis of Conventional, Quadratic and Double Cascaded Boost Converters in a PV System with P and O based MPPT Controller." International Journal of Computer Applications 176, no. 40 (July 15, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2020920507.

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50

Abouobaida, Hassan, and Said El Bied. "New Optimization Method of the MPPT Algorithm and Balancing Voltage Control of the Three-Level Boost Converter (TLBC)." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp113-122.

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This paper is dedicated to studying the control of the Three Level Boost Converters (TLBC) and the optimization method of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based a variable step. The main objective of the optimization is to find a compromise between the response time and the amplitude of the oscillations around the optimal point. The nonlinear behavior of the TLBC is manifested by the presence of the disturbances. For reasons of simplicity of the control, a linearization based on the dynamic compensation of the disturbance is proposed. On the one hand, a cascaded MPPT algorithm and a simple linear regulator allow adjusting the inductance current and a maximum power operation of the wind system. On the other hand, a second linear regulator ensures balancing of the output voltages. The paper proposes a new approach to the optimization of the Inc-Cond MPPT. The suggested contribution consists of using an exponential function of the power derivative to develop a variable step. The adoption of the variable step size according to the dynamics of the wind system implies a compromise between the response time and the amplitude of the ripples around the optimal point. The simulation results showed that a variable step size, especially in transient conditions and during a very rapid climate change recover the optimum power point within a reasonable time and suitable amplitude of the oscillations. The results achieved in this study show the ability of the proposed approach to extract the maximum power according to the available wind speed while guaranteeing a better efficiency. The developed study is summarized by the following points: (a) modeling the wind conversion systems, (b) detailing the control approach of the TLBC and presenting the variable step method (c) presenting the simulations results and evaluating the perf.

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