Дисертації з теми "Cartographic system"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Cartographic system.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Cartographic system".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Richard, Gina Dawn. "Radical Cartographies: Relational Epistemologies and Principles for Successful Indigenous Cartographic Praxis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578886.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indigenous cartography is based on a relational epistemology that works within a system where "place" and "ways of knowing" are intimately tied to Native communities' notions of kinship, oral tradition, and traditional ecological knowledge acquired over the millennia. It brings to life a place where mapping and geography cease to be simply Cartesian coordinates on a Euclidean plane and instead become storied landscapes. Indigenous cartography can be described as "radical" because it represents a departure from traditional Western ways of mapping and affirms an Indigenous political, economic and cultural sovereignty. As an intensely political act, Indigenous cartography can be an important tool used by Indigenous people to assert sovereignty in a bottom-up approach to land claims, in the management of cultural resources, and even to claim human remains for repatriation and reburial. If Indigenous groups wish to successfully utilize geospatial technologies as legal strategies, it will first require the development of the necessary infrastructure and training of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) specialists from within. In much the same way that colonial practices of the past worked to achieve hegemony through the making of political and cultural boundaries, Indigenous cartography can work to dismantle these same colonial boundaries. A theory and methodology of Indigenous cartographic praxis is in use among some First Nations in British Columbia. However no "best practices" yet exist for the Indigenous use-and-mapping discipline. Consequently in the United States, Indigenous mapping is still considered an emerging approach. Therefore, can American Indian political and cultural sovereignty be supported by the implementation of Indigenous geospatial technologies? This dissertation will examine the British Columbian model and distill principles that can be successfully implemented by U. S. Native American communities who wish to develop capacity for this emerging geospatial technology based on the success of the First Nations model.
2
Woodfin, Thomas McCall. "The cartography of capitalism: cartographic evidence for the emergence of the capitalist world-system in early modern europe." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The economic competition between the Netherlands, France and England is documented in the atlases published in Amsterdam, Paris and London between 1500 and 1800. However, the relationship between mapping and economic processes remains mostly unexplored in the history of cartography. World-system theory has application to the history of cartography in the early modern period for identifying the linkages between cartography and long-term economic processes.This research analyzes the production of maps, specifically in world and maritime atlases, in these three cities as the geographic expression of the emergent capitalist world system in early modern Europe. The economic concepts of core and periphery as proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein are defined cartographically in the structural morphologies of Dutch, French and English atlases published in this period. Each country mapped itself as a core and such cartographic self-definitions reflect their individual geographic and economic contexts. The Netherlands and England created core atlases in the sixteenth century that evolved in support of business and transport as well as state interests. The French core atlas initiated at the end of the seventeenth century was a governmentally sponsored survey dedicated primarily toward state administration control. The Netherlands, Fance and England also mapped their continental and extra-European peripheries in world and maritime atlases. Dutch engagement in long-distance trade in agricultural commodities created world-system commodity chains of production. Dutch maritime atlases defined these networks of commercial opportunity for the first time. The creators of the first printed world atlases, Dutch cartographers also structured their productions of atlases as a commercial enterprise marketed toward an international clientele. Dutch maritime atlases were an important innovation and Amsterdam atlas publication dominated cartography in the seventeenth century. English publishers adopted Dutch innovations in map production and succeeded to dominance in printing atlases whose structural morphology embodies a world-system of commodity networks. The relationship of cartography to long-term economic processes is demonstrated by the Dutch and English atlases. Early modern world atlases portray the cartographic world-view of core and periphery. The maritime atlases provide the first portrayal of long-distance trade networks that continue to characterize the capitalist exchange of commodities globally.
3
Papšys, Kęstutis. "Methodology of development of cartographic information system for evaluation of risk of extreme events." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130220_160846-94374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis describes the methodology of evaluation of extreme events and development of cartographic information system for this purpose. Existing complex risk assessment systems in the world are analysed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Author proposes original integrated risk assessment methodology based on integration of information from different geographic data sources. A cartographic information system designed by the author allows for the assessment of extreme events threats and risks. The developed methodology includes methodology of cartographic information system component development and deployment. The work describes necessary extreme events data, methods of their collection and database design principles. The created model enables the user to collect the data on extreme hazard events and to aggregate several threats into a single synthetic threat. The concepts of risks and threats and risk assessment methodology are explained. The author introduces project of an information system operating in the Lithuanian Geographic Information Infrastructure and integrated in the Lithuania spatial information portal. The system is tested with several consistent spatial data sets for Lithuania. The thesis presents experimental results that show increased geological and meteorological risk areas in Lithuania. Finally, methodological and practical conclusions about the methods and system customization, reliability and compliance with standards are presented.Disertacijoje aprašoma ekstremalių įvykių vertinimo kartografinės informacinės sistemos kūrimo metodologija. Analizuojamos pasaulyje egzistuojančios kompleksinės rizikos vertinimo sistemos išryškinami jų trūkumai ir privalumai. Atliktos analizės pagrindu sukuriama originali daugeliu duomenų šaltinių pagrįsta kompleksinio rizikos vertinimo metodologija ir aprašoma autoriaus suprojektuota informacinė sistema leidžianti vertinti ekstremalių įvykių grėsmes ir riziką. Sukurta metodologija apima kartografinės informacinės sistemos sudedamųjų dalių kūrimo ir diegimo metodiką. Aprašomi sistemos veikimui reikiamų duomenų tipai, jų surinkimas, ekstremalių įvykių duomenų bazės kaupimo principai, sukuriamas ekstremalių įvykių grėsmių skaičiavimo ir kelių grėsmių apjungimo į vieną sintetinę grėsmę modelis. Aprašomas rizikos ir grėsmės santykis ir rizikos vertinimo metodologija. Disertacijoje taip pat pateikiama visos sistemos, veikiančios Lietuvos geografinės informacijos infrastruktūroje, ir integruotos Lietuvos erdvinės informacijos portale projektas. Sistema išbandyta su Lietuvoje pasiekiamais ir realiai egzistuojančiais erdvinių duomenų rinkiniais. Pateikiami eksperimento metu gauti rezultatai, rodantys padidintų geologinių ir meteorologinių rizikos rajonus Lietuvoje. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos metodologinės ir praktinės išvados apie metodų ir sistemos pritaikymą, patikimumą ir atitikimą standartams.
4
Trautwein, Kathrin. "Präklinische Evaluierung des chirurgischen Navigationssystems „Surgical Cartographic Navigation System“ für die total endoskopische Bypassoperation an Herzphantomen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-77889.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herzinfarkt und Tod stellen häufige Folgen der koronaren Herzerkrankung dar, die durch eine rechtzeitige aortokoronare Bypassoperation vermieden werden können. Im Gegensatz zur klassischen offenen Operation bieten minimal invasive Verfahren entscheidende Vorteile. Die erschwerte Orientierung stellt jedoch eine große Herausforderung in der minimal invasiven Herzchirurgie dar, insbesondere bei der Verwendung telemanipulatorischer Systeme, wie bei der total endoskopischen Bypassoperation (TECAB). Die Entwicklung des „Surgical Cartographic Navigation System“ (SCNS) verspricht eine deutliche Verbesserung der Orientierung des Chirurgen mithilfe der Nutzung modernster Techniken der Augmentierten Realität. Hierbei wird auf der Basis von CT-Datensätzen ein virtuelles Herzmodell geschaffen, welches als Grundlage der assistierten Navigation dient. Im Speziellen wird bei der durch das SCNS unterstützten TECAB Operation die aufzufindende Koronararterie in das Sichtfeld des Endoskopes projiziert („augmentiert“). Ziel dieses Dissertationsvorhabens war die Evaluation der klinischen Anwendbarkeit des SCNS während einer Simulation einer Inzision mit dem da Vinci™-System auf fünf individuell angefertigten Herzphantomen. Es sollte überprüft werden, ob der Chirurg mit Hilfe der Unterstützung durch die SCNS Sicht mit eingeblendeter Koronararterie einen direkten Kontakt zur LAD (Left Anterior Descending), der häufigsten Zielarterie der TECAB, herstellen kann. In einem Studienkollektiv, bestehend aus zehn medizinisch unerfahrenen Personen und zehn Herzchirurgen, wurde die Treffergenauigkeit der SCNS-gestützten Auffindung der LAD in insgesamt 300 Testversuchen überprüft. Insgesamt konnte die Arterie in 58 % der Fälle korrekt identifiziert werden. Dabei lag kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen vor. Hiermit konnte die klinische Anwendbarkeit des SCNS für die TECAB erstmals gezeigt werden. Des Weiteren wurden zwei Faktoren als vordringliche Ziele für zukünftige Fortentwicklungen identifiziert: Die Optimierung von Landmarken für die Registrierung des Herzens sowie die verbesserte optische Darstellung der Augmentierten Realität im Endoskopiesichtfeld. Zusammengefasst konnte in diesem Dissertationsvorhaben in einer umfassenden Studie gezeigt werden, dass das SCNS einen erfolgversprechenden Lösungsansatz für die Behebung kritischer Orientierungsprobleme der minimal invasiven Herzchirurgie bei der TECAB bietet. Die hier gewonnenen Erkenntnisse stellen die Grundlage für weitergehende Studien zur Fortentwicklung des SCNS dar, die vor einem klinischen Ersteinsatz erfolgen müssenIn the therapy of coronary heart disease minimally invasive and endoscopic methods offer considerable benefits to the patient, while for the surgeon difficult orientation and missing haptic feedback are still the leading problems in Endoscopic Bypass Grafting with telemanipulative systems. To support the surgeon with improved vision, a three dimensional model of the coronary artery tree based on CT scans is integrated into the view of the endoscope. The “Surgical Cartographic Navigation System” (SCNS) is a tool which provides this feature called Augmented Reality (AR). Aim of this study was the first technical analysis of the SCNS during a simulation of an incision with the da Vinci™ surgical system on an electronic heart phantom. The hypotheses was that with the guidance of the SCNS augmented reality view, the surgeon can perform a direct contact to the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery (LAD). Five anatomically correct heart phantoms were created using the rapid prototyping technology. The heart models were covered with an electrical conducting layer for the detection of the contact with the coronary artery or with the surrounding tissue. A 3D model of the coronary artery tree based on a CT scan was registered to the heart phantom and overlaid into the video screen of the da Vinci™ robot master console. Ten inexperienced medical students and ten experienced heart surgeons used the SCNS in a surgery simulation with the goal of finding the LAD artery and contacting the LAD with robot instruments. In 300 test runs 58 % of both groups hit the LAD correctly. The overlaid information created with the SCNS enables the surgeon to correctly identify the coronary artery. The clinical applicability of the SCNS for the TECAB Operation is hereby demonstrated. These findings are the basis for further studies on the further development of the SCNS, that is necessary before a clinical first-use
5
Seo, Young-Woo. "Augmenting Cartographic Resources and Assessing Roadway State for Vehicle Navigation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maps are important for both human and robot navigation. Given a route, drivingassistance systems consult maps to guide human drivers to their destinations. Similarly, topological maps of a road network provide a robotic vehicle with information about where it can drive and what driving behaviors it should use. By providing the necessary information about the driving environment, maps simplify both manual and autonomous driving.
The majority of existing cartographic databases are built, using manual surveys and operator interactions, to primarily assist human navigation. Hence, the resolution of existing maps is insufficient for use in robotics applications. Also, the coverage of these maps fails to extend to places where robotics applications require detailed geometric information.
To augment the resolution and coverage of existing maps, this thesis investigates computer vision algorithms to automatically build lane-level detailed maps of highways and parking lots by analyzing publicly available cartographic resources, such as orthoimagery.
Our map-building methods recognize image patterns and objects that are tightly coupled with the structure of the underlying road network by 1) identifying, without human intervention, locally consistent image cues and 2) linking them based on the obtained local evidence and prior information about roadways. We demonstrate the accuracy of our bootstrapping approach in building lane-level detailed roadwaymaps through experiments.
Due to expected abnormal events on highways such as roadwork, the geometry and traffic rules of highways that appear on maps can occasionally change. This thesis also addresses the problem of updating the resulting maps with temporary changes by analyzing perspective imagery acquired from a vision sensor installed on a vehicle.
To robustly recognize highway work zones, our sign recognizer focuses on handling variations of signs’ colors and shapes. Sign recognition errors, which are inevitable, can cause our system to misread temporary highway changes. To handle potential errors, our method utilizes the temporal redundancy of sign occurrences and their corresponding classification decisions. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach highway workzone recognition through testing with video data recorded under various weather conditions.
Two major results of this thesis work are 1) algorithms that analyze orthoimages to produce lane-level detailed maps of highways and parking lots and 2) on-vehicle computer vision algorithms that are able to recognize temporary changes on highways. Our maps can provide detailed information about a route, in advance, to either a human driver or a self-driving vehicle. While driving on highways, our roadway-assessing algorithms enable the vehicle to update the resulting maps with temporary changes to the route.
6
Coral, Daniel Bustos. "A cartographic approach to the dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows and stochastic customers." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-29102018-160027/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation presents a cartographic approach to the dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows and stochastic customers (DVRPTWSC). The objectives are to minimize the total travel time and maximize the number of new requests served. Addressing the DVRPTWSC requires solving the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). A memetic algorithm (MA) for the VRPTW is proposed. The MA prunes the search space using the information gathered by a clustering procedure, which is applied to customers spatial data. The cartographic approach to the DVRPTWSC is incorporated into a multiagent system where a dispatcher agent plans the routes for vehicle agents. Before creating the initial routing plan, a cartographic processing is applied. This procedure uses hierarchical clustering to divide the region where customers are located into a hierarchy of nested regions. The initial routing plan considers known requests and potential requests sampled from known probability distributions. It is created using the search operators of the MA, which in turn use the information obtained from the hierarchical clustering to perform the search. Over the planning horizon, the dispatcher updates the routing plan: Potential requests that were included in the initial routing plan and do not materialize are removed and new requests are processed using the assignation of requests based on nested regions (ARNR). The ARNR procedure is aimed at reducing the number of vehicles considered for serving new requests. It tries to assign the requests among the vehicles that can serve them at low detour costs. The nested regions created in the cartographic processing are used to identify such vehicles. Experimental results show that the proposed MA performs competitively with state-of-the-art heuristics for the VRPTW. The proposed approach to the DVRPTWSC outperforms approaches that do not include potential requests in the initial routing plan. The use of the ARNR procedure significantly reduces the number of vehicles considered for serving new requests, and it yields solutions similar to those obtained when considering all vehicles in operation. The proposed approach performs consistently under three levels of dynamism: low, medium, and high.Esta dissertação apresenta uma abordagem cartográfica para o problema de roteamento de veículos dinâmico com janelas de tempo e clientes estocásticos (DVRPTWSC, por sua sigla em inglês). Os objetivos considerados são minimizar o tempo total de viagem e maximizar o número de pedidos novos atendidos. Para abordar o DVRPTWSC é necessário resolver o problema de roteamento de veículos com janelas de tempo (VRPTW, por sua sigla em inglês). Assim, para tratar o VRPTW propõe-se um algoritmo memético (MA, por sua sigla em inglês). O MA reduz o espaço de busca usando informação obtida por meio de um procedimento de clusterização, o qual é aplicado aos dados espaciais dos clientes. Para o DVRPTWSC, a abordagem cartográfica é incorporada em um sistema multiagente, no qual um agente roteirizador planeja as rotas para os agentes veículos. O processamento cartográfico é aplicado antes de criar o plano de rotas inicial para o DVRPTWSC. Este procedimento usa clusterização hierárquica para dividir a região onde estão os clientes em uma hierarquia de regiões encaixadas. O plano de rotas inicial considera pedidos conhecidos e pedidos potenciais amostrados de distribuições de probabilidade conhecidas. Para obter o plano de rotas inicial, usam-se os operadores de busca do MA, os quais utilizam a informação obtida da clusterização hierárquica para fazer a busca. Ao longo do horizonte de planejamento, o roteirizador atualiza o plano de rotas: Pedidos potenciais que foram considerados no plano de rotas inicial e que não foram consolidados são removidos e novos pedidos são incluídos usando o procedimento assignation of requests based on nested regions (ARNR). O procedimento ARNR visa reduzir o número de veículos considerados para atender novos pedidos. Para isso, tenta designar os novos pedidos aos veículos disponíveis para o atendimento que possuem os menores custos de desvio da rota pré-determinada. As regiões encaixadas criadas no processamento cartográfico são utilizadas para identificar esses veículos. Para o VRPTW, resultados experimentais mostram que o MA proposto é competitivo com métodos do estado da arte. A abordagem proposta para o DVRPTWSC supera abordagens que não incluem pedidos potenciais no plano de rotas inicial. O uso do procedimento ARNR reduz significativamente o número de veículos considerados para atender novos pedidos, e produz soluções similares às produzidas quando se consideram todos os veículos em operação. A abordagem desenvolvida para o DVRPTWSC tem um desempenho consistente para três níveis de dinamismo: baixo, médio e alto.
7
Maudet, Adrien. "Interactions entre niveaux dans un modèle orienté agent de généralisation cartographique : Le modèle DIOGEN." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1055/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les cartes représentent l'information géographique d'une zone donnée de manière d'autant plus simplifiée que l'échelle de la carte est petite. Le procédé de simplification, appelé généralisation cartographique, est soumis au respect de contraintes de lisibilité, d'adéquation de la représentation avec le niveau d'abstraction souhaité et de cohérence avec la réalité. La volonté d'automatiser le processus de création de cartes à partir de bases de données géographiques, a conduit à la création d'algorithmes permettant d'effectuer cette simplification objet par objet. Néanmoins, les choix des algorithmes, tout comme leur paramétrage, sont autant influencés par l'objet sur lequel ils s'appliquent que par les autres objets en relation (e.g. bâtiment à proximité d'un autre, route parallèle à un alignement de bâtiments). Ce constat a motivé l'utilisation de modèles multi-agents pour la généralisation automatisée de cartes. Le principe de ces modèles multi-agents repose sur la modélisation des objets (e.g. bâtiment, tronçon de route, îlot urbain) sous forme d'agents qui cherchent à se généraliser de façon à satisfaire leurs contraintes. Plusieurs modèles multi-agents ont été proposés, chacun ayant une approche différente des interactions entre niveaux. Ici, nous entendons par niveau, par exemple, la distinction entre les agents individuels comme un bâtiment, des agents représentant un groupe d’autres agents, comme un îlot urbain composé des routes l’entourant et des bâtiments inclus dans l’îlot.Nous étudions l'unification de ces modèles en nous appuyant sur le paradigme multi-niveaux PADAWAN, afin de faciliter les interactions entre agents de niveaux différents. Nous proposons ainsi le modèle DIOGEN, adaptant les principes d’interaction entre agents de niveaux différents à la généralisation cartographique guidée par des contraintes, ce qui a permis d’unifier les précédents modèles AGENT, CartACom et GAEL, tout en disposant de nouvelles capacités prometteuses.Nous avons évalué notre proposition sur un ensemble de cas d’étude. Parmi ces cas, nous nous sommes penchés sur la généralisation de carte de randonnée, où les itinéraires sont symbolisés individuellement avec des symboles différents, à la manière des plans de bus. La présence de plusieurs symboles d’itinéraires sur une même route support amène des problèmes de généralisation particuliers, comme le choix du positionnement des itinéraires de part et d’autre de la route, ou les implications pour les autres objets de la carte (e.g. points d’intérêts, bâtiments) se retrouvant sous le symbole de l’itinéraire, problèmes que nous essayons de résoudre en nous appuyant sur notre proposition de représentation formelle multi-niveaux.Ce travail nous a ensuite conduit à identifier des comportements multi-niveaux récurrents. Nous les avons exprimés de façon générique sous forme de patterns d’analyse, affranchies des spécificités de la généralisation cartographique, et de la résolution de problèmes contraintsMaps show geographic information of a given area in a simplified way, particularly when the scale is small. The simplification process, called cartographic generalisation, is submitted to several constraints : legibility, adequation to the abstraction level, and consistency with reality. The will to automate the maps creation process from geographical databases led to the creation of algorithms allowing the simplification object by object. However the choice of the algorithms, as their settings, are influenced by the object on which it is applied, and by the other objects in relation with this object (e.g. a building close to another one, a road parallel to a buildings alignment). This motivates the use of multi-agents models for automated map generalisation. Several multi-agent models were proposed, each of them having a different approach to manage multi-levels relations. Here, what we call a level is, for instance, the distinction between individual agents, like a building, and agents representing a group of other agents, like a urban block composed by the surrounding roads and buildings inside.We study the unification of existing models, using the multi-level paradigm PADAWAN, in order to simplify interactions between agents in different levels. We propose the DIOGEN model, in which the principle of interactions between agents of different levels is adapted to cartographic generalisation guided by constraints, those allowing to unify the existing models AGENT, CartACom and GAEL, and giving promising features.We evaluate our proposal on different case studies. Among them, we study the generalisation of trekking maps, where the routes are symbolized individually by a different couloured line symbols, like on bus maps. The presence of several route symbols on a same road leads to specific generalisation issues, like the choice of the side of each route symbol position, or the implications for the other objects on the map (e.g. points of interest, buildings) under the route symbol – issues tackled using our proposal of formal multi-levels representation.This work leads us to the identification of recurrent behaviours. We express them as analysis patterns, in a way that is independent from cartographic generalisation and constraint solving problems
8
Šafránková, Tereza. "Znakové systémy na evropských kartografických dílech s topografickým obsahem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This diploma thesis deals with the exploration and comparison of symbol keys used for official maps of European countries. The theoretical part deals mainly with legends and cartographic symbols as a key element of the thesis. Then an assessment of available symbol systems and comparison of map symbols used in symbol systems for the official map of the Czech Republic is made. In the conclusion there is drawn proposal for symbol system applicable to maps of all European countries.
9
Karam, Roula. "Multi-providers location based services for mobile-tourism : a use case for location and cartographic integrations on mobile devices." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les services géolocalisés (LBS) sont destinés à délivrer de l'information adéquate aux utilisateurs quelque soit le temps et l'endroit et ceci en se basant sur leur profil, contexte et position géographique. A travers n'importe quelle application dans ce domaine, par exemple m-tourisme, les utilisateurs souhaitent toujours recevoir une réponse rapide et précise en se déplaçant. Cependant, la qualité de service proposée par les fournisseurs cartographiques actuels (i.e. Google Maps, Bing, Yahoo Maps, Mappy ou Via Michelin) dépend de leurs données géographiques. En général, ces données sont stockées de plusieurs bases de données géographiques (BDG) dans le monde entier. D'autre part, le nombre croissant des différentes BDG couvrant la même zone géographique et la récupération des données/métadonnées non erronées pour un service quelconque, impliquent de nombreux raisonnements et de contrôles d'accès aux BDG afin de résoudre les ambiguïtés dues à la présence des objets homologues dupliqués sur l'écran mobile. Mon travail consiste à permettre cette intégration cartographique pour les applications mtourisme et ceci en récupérant les informations spatiales/non-spatiales (noms, positions géographiques, catégorie du service, détails sémantiques et symboles cartographiques) de plusieurs fournisseurs. Cependant, ceci peut conduire à visualiser des objets dupliqués pour le même point d'intérêt et causer des difficultés au niveau de la gestion des données. En outre, l'utilisateur sera dérouté par la présence de résultats multiples pour un même point. Donc, mon but ultime sera de générer automatiquement une carte unique intégrant plusieurs interfaces des fournisseurs sur laquelle les objets homologues seront intégrés avant de les visualiser sur l'écran mobile. Nos nouveaux concepts, basés sur certains algorithmes de fusion, sur l'ontologie pour assurer l'intégration au niveau sémantique et cartographique, sur l'orchestration des géo web services, sont implémentés dans des prototypes modulaires et évalués.
10
Marques, Ana Paula da Silva. "Generalização cartográfica para um Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel áudio-dinâmico com múltiplas escalas /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste na elaboração de mapas áudio-dinâmicos em múltiplas escalas automáticas, para um Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA). O projeto das representações cartográficas foi dividido em duas fases: projeto de composição geral e projeto áudio-gráfico. Os mapas visuais dinâmicos foram elaborados com base nos princípios da comunicação cartográfica e da percepção visual, com ênfase nas operações de generalização. A área de estudo apresenta uma malha urbana com diferentes tipos de vias, cruzamentos e limites de velocidade. Os mapas foram projetados para serem exibidos em um monitor de pequeno formato (sete polegadas), com alta resolução, e um total de quatro escalas de representação foi determinado: 1/10.000, 1/5.000, 1/2.500 e 1/1.000. Tais escalas foram definidas em função do tamanho da mídia de apresentação e do tipo de tarefa tática. Os mapas generalizados foram obtidos pela aplicação das operações de simplificação, exagero e deslocamento, sobre uma base cartográfica na escala 1/1.000. As representações áudio-dinâmicas foram produzidas a partir de variáveis áudio-dinâmicas. As mensagens de voz foram pré-gravadas na voz feminina, executadas em sincronia com as informações visuais. O projeto foi implementado em um SINGRA disponível na FCT-UNESP, a partir do compilador Visual Basic e da biblioteca MapObjects. Ao comparar o sistema de múltiplas escalas com o de escala única, observa-se que os novos mapas adaptados ao contexto de direção do motorista, podem permitir que o usuário receba a informação de acordo com a tarefa de navegação desenvolvida ao longo da rota ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The aim of this research is to design and implement an automatics multi-scale and audio-dynamic map for an In-Car Route Guidance and Navigation System (RGNS). The design was organized in two stages: general composition and auditory-graphic design. The visual-dynamic maps were designed based on cartographic communication principles and visual perception, especially on the generalization operators. The area of study presents an urban network with different types of roads, nodes, and speed limits. The maps were designed for a small-screen display, and a total of four different scales were employed: 1:10.000, 1:5.000, 1:2.500 and 1:1.000. These scales were chosen according to the media size and type of tactical task. The maps were derived from an accurate cartographic database at scale of 1:1000, by applying generalization techniques, such as simplification, displacement, and enhancement. The audio-dynamic representations were produced by taking account a set of audio-dynamic variables. The voice messages were recorded in a female voice, and they were presented with visual information, simultaneously. The design was implemented in a navigation system, which is available in the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, by using Visual Basic compiler and MapObjects library. The results of comparison between the automatic multiple-scale and single scale system show that the new system, enhanced driver's context, can allow the user receiving information according to the tasks performed along of the route. From the employment of generalization technique it was possible to present in a properly way the amount of information in the display, in which it can contribute for reducing navigational errors and visual demand, when compared with single-scale map ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Mônica Modesta Santos Decanini
Coorientador: Edmur Azevedo Pugliesi
Banca: Claudia Robbi Sluter
Banca: Milton Hirokazu Shimabukuro
Mestre
11
Morel, Juliette. "Cartographie du Cycle de Nedjma de Kateb Yacine : modélisation spatiale d'un récit littéraire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2016theseMorelJ.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inscrite dans une démarche interdisciplinaire d’Humanités numériques, la thèse a pour objectif la modélisation de la spatialité d’une oeuvre littéraire par les méthodes de traitement et les outils de représentation géomatiques. Face au constat de la complexité et de la spatialité du Cycle de Nedjma de Kateb Yacine (1929-1989), nous proposons en effet d’utiliser des méthodes de connaissances et des modes de discours non-linéaires afin d’explorer autrement l’oeuvre littéraire. L’objectif est également de faire apparaitre le rôle spécifique du récit dans la construction géographique de l’oeuvre. Cette proposition résulte d’une réflexion épistémologique approfondie sur les potentialités de la modélisation spatiale en géographie et en littérature. Elle se fonde sur les hypothèses de recherche suivantes : l’espace littéraire estun espace au sens propre ; les différents types d’espaces (espace géographique, espace géométrique, espace de la figure poétique, espace de l’imagination, espace textuel, espace littéraire) peuvent être décloisonnés ; l’étude de leurs relations informe la connaissance du récit littéraire. La méthodologie mise en place consiste à réaliser une base de données géographique afin de formaliser, de répertorier et de représenter cartographiquement les données géographiques et narratives extraites du roman Nedjma. La série de carte résultante met à jour la co-construction de l’espace géographique et de l’espace littéraire katébien. Par des effets d’éclatement et de rapprochement narratifs, l’espace est-algérien est en effet reconfiguré, jetant les bases pour la construction d’une nation algérienne ouverte et réticulaireThe purpose of this thesis is to modelize the literary space using geomatics methods and quantitative tools. Due to the complexity and spatiality of the Cycle de Nedjma by Kateb Yacine (1929- 1989), we intended to develop non-linear knowledges and representations in order to explore differently the literary work. The purpose of this thesis is also to show the specific role of the narrative in the construction of its own geography. This proposal is based on a detailed study of potentialities of a spatial modelization in geographic and literary fields. This work is based on three main hypothesis: the fact that “literary space” is indeed a real space; the fact that partitions between different definitions of space can beovercome; and finally the fact that studying the relationships between those spaces can enlighten us about the functioning of the narrative. The methodology consisted in producing a geographic database that would be able to formalize, index and represent the geographic and narrative data extracted from the novel Nedjma. The resulting set of maps shows the co-construction of the geographic and the literary katebian spaces. Indeed, through proximity and bursting narrative effects, Algerian space is reconfigured, setting the basis of a more open and reticular Algerian nation
12
Mayo, Timothy Robert. "Intelligent systems for cartographic data capture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357566.
Повний текст джерела
13
Fernandes, Luiz Marchiotti. "BANCO DE DADOS DO PROGRAMA SIE, MÓDULO BIBLIOTECA, COM MATERIAIS ESPECIAIS APLICÁVEIS À GEOMÁTICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work approaches the organization of aerial images by remote sensor, maps, photos, topographical letters, in the System SIE, module library, of the System of Libraries used in the Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM. Some steps for the inclusion of bibliographical registers
are presented and registering item, which those compose the search system, by Internet from the university site. The choice for using a free software as a result from analysis of the four great available programs in
the market such as Aleph, Pergamum, Gnuteca and SIE. Those systems available, the SIE, the module library was considered the most appropriate for the purpose in question. The application of the test pilot, carried out through in the Sector Library of the Center of Agricultural
Sciences component of the System of Libraries of this related institution. It was confirmed the relevancy for this choice because the results were positive and meaningful. In this way, the System SIE becomes of great value for the information managers. It corresponds to
be a useful tool for the dissemination of the information. It is a major importance for all the users in potential of this and other institutions of education.Este trabalho aborda a organização de imagens de sensoriamento remoto, mapas, fotos aéreas, cartas topográficas, no Sistema SIE, módulo biblioteca, do Sistema de Bibliotecas utilizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria UFSM. São apresentados os passos para a inclusão de registros bibliográficos e itens de um registro, que compõem o sistema de busca, via Internet, do site da própria universidade. A escolha por se trabalhar com software livre resultou da análise dos quatro grandes programas disponíveis no mercado: Aleph, Pergamum, Gnuteca e SIE. Desses sistemas, o SIE, módulo biblioteca foi considerado o mais apropriado para a finalidade em questão. A aplicação do teste piloto, realizado na Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Ciências Rurais componente do Sistema de Bibliotecas da referida instituição, confirmou a pertinência dessa escolha, uma vez que os resultados obtidos por meio dele foram positivos. Desse modo, o Sistema SIE faz-se de grande valor para os gestores da informação, haja vista que corresponde a uma ferramenta útil para a disseminação da informação, sendo de fundamental importância para todos os usuários em potencial desta e de outras instituições de ensino.
14
Cook, Anthony. "Automated cartographic name placement using rule-based systems." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1988. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/automated-cartographic-name-placement-using-rulebased-systems(d49af2c8-3a37-44c1-8cb6-a6cd3ec3195f).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes automated cartographic name placement using rule-based systems. In particular it describes the problem involved with designing a system which is flexible enough to place names on a variety of maps. This is demonstrated using logic programming techniques written in PROLOG. Most previous name placement systems are either map specific or have demonstrated only a few aspects of name placement. However two of these systems, which use the rule-based approach for solving the name placement problem, do show greater flexibility. Nevertheless all known results from these seem unsophisticated when compared to many manually produced maps. This thesis describes further research into the use of rule-based systems. The systems described have the capability to handle a wider range of maps of greater complexity. Also described is a procedural program which implements an iterative strategy for name placement on the Ordnance Survey Route Planner map. The research attempts to classify label positions and configurations used on a wide range of maps and discusses ways of implementing these in an automated name placement system. A range of name placement rules are also studied in order to decide what type of data a flexible automated name placement system must be able to access. A combined vector and raster data structure approach is adopted. This supplies the necessary "visual" information needed to apply most of the name placement rules. Name placement and database primitives are used to construct the high level rules which make up the rule-based systems. This work has been undertaken in collaboration with the Ordnance Survey. The procedural name placement program, capable of placing names on the 1:625000 Route Planner map, has been implemented at their headquarters.
15
Abraham, I. M. "Automated cartographic line generalisation and scale-independent databases." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234248.
Повний текст джерела
16
Edmonds, Alan Kirk. "A framework for formal specification of the cartographic user interface." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39271704.html.
Повний текст джерела
17
Rego, Mariana Pereira do [UNESP]. "Representação da toponímia de vias em sistemas de guia de rota em automóvel." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152497.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Submitted by Mariana Pereira do Rego null (mari_rego@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-16T20:18:02Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao_Mariana_Pereira_Rego.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-01-17T12:39:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rego_mp_me_prud.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T12:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rego_mp_me_prud.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02
A interpretação de um mapa é facilitada com a utilização de textos, os quais facilitam a comunicação do mapa. Os mapas de Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA) utilizam textos na área mapeada com a finalidade de auxiliar o motorista na tarefa de navegação. Os nomes de vias são um dos elementos mais importantes no uso como informação de guia de rota. A literatura na área da Cartografia apresenta recomendações para rotular feições cartográficas em mapas estáticos. Porém, os mapas exibidos em SINGRA são dinâmicos e apresentados em um esquema de referência egocêntrica. Então, é questionado se as indicações propostas pela literatura podem ser generalizadas para esse tipo de representação. Este trabalho avalia o tempo de leitura de nomes de vias em mapas de SINGRA, levando-se em consideração diferentes posicionamentos da toponímia de via em mapas com diferentes padrões de malha viária. Para esta avaliação foram projetados 16 mapas, oito com padrão de malha viária regular e oito com padrão de malha viária irregular. Um conjunto apresentou nomes de vias com posicionamento alinhado horizontalmente e outro com os nomes seguindo a via. A concepção dos mapas foi baseada em princípios de agrupamento perceptível, segregação de figura-fundo, bem como em técnicas de tipografia, uso de tipos na cartografia e, também, na análise de mapas de sistemas de navegação de ampla utilização no mercado. A avaliação foi realizada com 20 motoristas novos. O experimento ocorreu dentro de um automóvel estacionado. A tarefa do participante foi buscar um nome de via no mapa exibido em uma tela de pequenas dimensões, bem como falar em voz alta o nome da via solicitada pelo pesquisador. A duração do tempo de leitura foi extraída e analisada. Em mapa com padrão de malha viária regular, a análise estatística mostrou que não houve diferença significativa no tempo de leitura entre os diferentes posicionamentos do texto, tanto para o nome da via em que se encontra quanto para o nome da via em que irá entrar. Por outro lado, em mapa com padrão de malha viária irregular e nome com o posicionamento alinhado horizontalmente, a análise estatística dos dados revelou que o tempo de leitura do nome da via em que o motorista irá entrar é significativamente mais rápido do que a leitura do nome da via em que se encontra. Maiores implicações são apresentadas e discutidas.
Reading a map is facilitated by using texts, which facilitate the communication of the map. InCar Route Guidance and Navigation System maps (RGNS) use texts in the map to assist drivers in the navigation task. Road names are one of the most important elements in the use as route guidance information. The literature in the Cartography field presents recommendations for labeling cartographic features in static maps. However, maps showed in RGNS are dynamic and presented in an egocentric reference. Thus, it is questioned whether those results can be generalized to this kind of representation. This work evaluates the time in which drivers start reading road names in maps of RGNS, taking into account different positions for the road toponymy in maps with different road network patterns. For this evaluation, 16 maps were designed; eight with road pattern similar to a regular-grid network and eight with road pattern similar to an irregular-grid network. Half of the maps were designed with names aligned horizontally and the other half with names following the road. Creating maps was based on principles of perceptual grouping, figure-ground segregation, as well techniques of typography, use of types in Cartography and, also, in the analysis of some maps of navigation systems with high acceptance in the market. The evaluation was performed with 20 drivers aged between 20 and 30 years. The experiment took place inside a car parked. The task of the participant was looking for a street name showed in a small screen and speech in a loud voice the name requested by the researcher. The time took to start reading was gathered an analyzed. For maps with road pattern similar to a regular-grid network the analysis showed no significant difference in the time in which drivers start reading road names among different text positioning, both for road name where they are located and for road name where they will turn. On the other hands, for maps with road pattern similar to an irregular road network and name aligned horizontally, the statistical analysis revealed the reading time for the name in which drivers will turn is significantly faster than reading time for the name in which drivers are located. More implications are presented and discussed.
18
Börjesson, Alexandra. "Automatic Generation of Levels of Detail : A Study on the Swedish National Road Database." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When creating a map, the amount of data and which geographical information chosen to bepresented are decided based on the purpose of the map. Trafikverket is responsible for theNational Road Database that is a reference road network with a large amount of dataconnected to it. The database is built at a carriageway level where several links can be usedto represent a single road. In this thesis the database has been studied as well as thepossibilities to create an automatic workflow that creates a generalisation to road level. Someapplications and analyses that use this database are requesting input data of a higher level ofdetail. It is also found important from a cartographic point of view. Possibilities to create alinear referencing for the data between the different levels was studied as well, to make theupdates between the levels easier and not having the need to maintain two differentdatabases. It would make it possible to inherit attributes and the generic features connectedto the network.The first fully automated workflow for a generalisation of an entire map was developed in theNetherlands in 2014. Several other agencies in Sweden and Norway are currently working ongeneralisations as well and using different approaches. Statens Vegvesen, which is theNational Road Agency in Norway, has already implemented the different levels of detail intheir road database. Lantmäteriet currently has a project where their goal is to create a fullyautomated map to easily change to a larger scale.After studying the programs used in other generalisations and which programs Trafikverketnormally use, FME and ArcGIS were chosen to be used in this thesis. A small study area waschosen, and the proper data was collected from the National Road Database. The study wasconducted by a set of experiments and trying different parameter values in order to obtain asatisfactory result.Three different areas where studied, where the goal was to find a sequence of functions thatsuccessfully generalised all the areas. The areas were parallel roads, complex intersectionsand roundabouts. The result consists of a suggested workflow, but alterations hade to bemade manually since it was not possible to find a fully automated generalisation for the areachosen. Therefore, a set of functions and tools that could be developed were collected as wellin the end to make a more automated workflow possible.The result found in this thesis show that if the cartographic generalisations are more studiedand examined it should be possible to get a more automated workflow to create ageneralisation between the different level of detail. However, it might be difficult to get theworkflow fully automated due to the complexity of the intersections.När en karta skapas baseras mängden data och vilken geografisk information som skaförmedlas beroende på syftet med kartan. Trafikverket ansvarar för den NationellaVägdatabasen som är ett referensvägnät med en stor mäng data kopplad till vägnätet.Referensvägnätet är byggt på en körbanenivå. I det här arbetet har databasen studerats ochvilka möjligheter som finns för att skapa en automatisk generalisering till vägnivå. Det finnsett behov att representera data på en annan detaljnivå för vissa applikationer och analysersom använder sig av vägdatabasen. Det är även viktigt utifrån ett kartografiskt synsätt.Möjligheterna att skapa en linjär referering mellan de olika detaljnivåerna har undersökts, föratt förenkla uppdateringar mellan nivåerna samt att inte behöva ajourhålla två olikadatabaser. Det skulle även göra det möjligt att attribut och företeelser kan ärvas mellan deolika nivåerna.Det fösta helt automatiserade arbetsflödet för en generalisering av en karta utformades 2014i Nederländerna. Flera andra myndigheter i Sverige och Norge arbetar just nu med den härtypen av generaliseringar och har använt sig av olika tillvägagångssätt. Statens Vegvesen,vilket är den statliga myndighet som ansvarar för vägar i Norge, har redan implementerat olikadetaljnivåer i deras vägdatabas. Lantmäteriet har ett projekt med målet att skapa en fulltautomatisk generalisering för olika skalor.Efter att ha studerat de olika program som vanligtvis används vid generaliseringar samt vilkaprogram som Trafikverket använder sig av så valdes FME och ArcGIS i det här arbetet. Ettmindre studieområde valdes ut och relevant data hämtades från den NationellaVägdatabasen. Studien bestod av olika experiment och tester av olika parametervärden föratt få ett acceptabelt resultat.Tre olika områden studerades, där målet var att hitta en följd operationer som skapade enlämplig generalisering för alla områden. De tre olika områdena var parallella vägar,trafikplatser och cirkulationsplatser. Resultatet består av förslag på ett arbetsflöde, men delarhar behövt göras manuellt då det inte var möjligt att hitta en helt automatiseradgeneralisering för det valda området. Förslag på olika funktioner och verktyg som kanutvecklas har sammanställts, för att kunna utvecklade ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt.Resultatet av det här arbetet visar att om kartografiska generaliseringar studeras och testasmer skulle det kunna vara möjligt att skapa ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt med syfte attmöjliggöra generaliseringar mellan olika detaljnivåer. Det kan däremot vara svårt att få dettahelt automatiserat på grund av de olika komplexa trafikplatserna.
19
Reichenbacher, Tumasch. "Mobile cartography : adaptive visualisation of geographic information on mobile devices /." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/UF/lib/MobileCartography.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
20
Fanton, Hervé. "Cartographie rapide de l'environnement local d'un robot mobile autonome." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Proposition d'une methode de carte locale destinee a la navigation d'un robot mobile autonome mettant en uvre un telemetre laser, une modelisation du monde par des grilles et une architecture parallele hybride de type nimo-simo
21
Atal, Ignacio. "Cartographie globale des essais cliniques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB071/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pour comprendre comment se construisent les connaissances sur l’effet des interventions en médecine, il est nécessaire de savoir où est faite la recherche clinique dans le monde, quelles maladies sont étudiées, et quels acteurs la mettent en place. Une vision globale du système de recherche peut aider à identifier des lacunes dans la production de connaissances et à orienter l’activité de recherche vers les priorités de santé, en particulier dans les régions où les ressources sont limitées. Dans ce travail nous avons construit des cartographies de la recherche clinique, c’est-à-dire des analyses agrégées de ce système complexe visant à extraire de l’information sur l’activité globale de recherche. Nous avons utilisé les registres d’essais cliniques inclus dans l’International Clinical Trials Registry Platform de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé pour cartographier l’activité de recherche. Dans un premier travail nous avons évalué pour 7 régions l’alignement entre l’effort local de recherche sur 10 ans et le fardeau de 27 groupes de maladies. Ce travail a nécessité le développement d’un algorithme de classification automatique des maladies étudiées dans les essais clinique basé sur des méthodes de traitement automatique du langage. À partir des données de 117,180 essais randomisés, nous avons montré que la recherche faite dans les pays riches était bien alignée avec leurs besoins. Dans toutes les autres régions nous avons identifié des lacunes dans l’effort de recherche. En particulier, en Afrique Subsaharienne, même si des causes majeures de fardeau comme le VIH et le paludisme reçoivent un effort de recherche important, d’autres priorités locales, les maladies infectieuses communes et les pathologies du nouveau-né, ont été négligées par l’effort de recherche. Dans un deuxième travail nous avons évalué l’influence du type de promoteur (industriel ou non-industriel) dans l’utilisation de réseaux de pays pour recruter des patients dans des essais cliniques multi-pays. Nous avons montré que 30% contre 3% des essais à promoteur industriel et non-industriel sont multi-pays, respectivement. Les pays d’Europe de l’Est participent dans leur ensemble de façon surreprésentée dans la recherche multi-pays industrielle. Ceci suggère les grandes capacités des industriels à globaliser leur recherche en s’appuyant sur des réseaux de pays bien définis. À l’échelle de tous les essais clinique enregistrés, nos travaux ont mis en évidence des lacunes majeures dans l’effort de recherche mondial, et montré l’influence des différents acteurs dans la globalisation de celle-ci. Ces travaux forment une brique pour le développement d’un observatoire global de la recherche médicaleBy knowing what clinical research is undertaken worldwide, where it is conducted, which diseases are studied, and who is supporting it, we could have a better understanding on how is created the knowledge concerning health interventions. A global landscape of health research may inform policy makers on knowledge gaps and on how to reallocate resources to address health needs, in particular in low-resource settings. In this thesis we mapped clinical research, i.e. we analyzed at a macro-level the complex system of health research to bring information on the global landscape of health research effort. We based our analyses on clinical trial registries included in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from the World Health Organization. In a first project, we evaluated within 7 regions the local alignment between the effort of research and the burden for 27 groups of diseases. This work needed the development of a knowledge-based classifier of clinical trial registries according to diseases studied based on natural language processing methods. We mapped 117,180 randomized controlled trials. For high-income countries, the research effort was well aligned with the needs. In all other regions we identified research gaps. In particular, for Sub-Saharan Africa, where major causes of burden such as HIV and malaria received a high research attention, research was lacking for major causes of burden, especially for common infectious diseases and neonatal disorders. In a second project, we compared the mappings of multi-country trials for industry- and non-industry–sponsored clinical trials, and analyzed the networks of collaboration of countries participating together to the same multi-country trials. We showed that among industry- and non-industry–sponsored trials, 30% and 3% were multi-country, respectively. The collaboration within Eastern European countries was particularly over-represented for industry-sponsored research. Industry sponsors may thus have a greater capacity to conduct globalized research, using well-defined networks of countries. Our large-scale mappings of all registered clinical trials shed light on major gaps in the effort of health research as compared to health needs. In addition, we showed the influence of different sponsors in the globalization of clinical research. These projects are in-line with the development of a global observatory for health research
22
Marques, Ana Paula da Silva [UNESP]. "Generalização cartográfica para um Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel áudio-dinâmico com múltiplas escalas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
marques_aps_me_prud.pdf: 1844754 bytes, checksum: 98269ab519565c997b4f261950db8198 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste na elaboração de mapas áudio-dinâmicos em múltiplas escalas automáticas, para um Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA). O projeto das representações cartográficas foi dividido em duas fases: projeto de composição geral e projeto áudio-gráfico. Os mapas visuais dinâmicos foram elaborados com base nos princípios da comunicação cartográfica e da percepção visual, com ênfase nas operações de generalização. A área de estudo apresenta uma malha urbana com diferentes tipos de vias, cruzamentos e limites de velocidade. Os mapas foram projetados para serem exibidos em um monitor de pequeno formato (sete polegadas), com alta resolução, e um total de quatro escalas de representação foi determinado: 1/10.000, 1/5.000, 1/2.500 e 1/1.000. Tais escalas foram definidas em função do tamanho da mídia de apresentação e do tipo de tarefa tática. Os mapas generalizados foram obtidos pela aplicação das operações de simplificação, exagero e deslocamento, sobre uma base cartográfica na escala 1/1.000. As representações áudio-dinâmicas foram produzidas a partir de variáveis áudio-dinâmicas. As mensagens de voz foram pré-gravadas na voz feminina, executadas em sincronia com as informações visuais. O projeto foi implementado em um SINGRA disponível na FCT-UNESP, a partir do compilador Visual Basic e da biblioteca MapObjects. Ao comparar o sistema de múltiplas escalas com o de escala única, observa-se que os novos mapas adaptados ao contexto de direção do motorista, podem permitir que o usuário receba a informação de acordo com a tarefa de navegação desenvolvida ao longo da rota...
The aim of this research is to design and implement an automatics multi-scale and audio-dynamic map for an In-Car Route Guidance and Navigation System (RGNS). The design was organized in two stages: general composition and auditory-graphic design. The visual-dynamic maps were designed based on cartographic communication principles and visual perception, especially on the generalization operators. The area of study presents an urban network with different types of roads, nodes, and speed limits. The maps were designed for a small-screen display, and a total of four different scales were employed: 1:10.000, 1:5.000, 1:2.500 and 1:1.000. These scales were chosen according to the media size and type of tactical task. The maps were derived from an accurate cartographic database at scale of 1:1000, by applying generalization techniques, such as simplification, displacement, and enhancement. The audio-dynamic representations were produced by taking account a set of audio-dynamic variables. The voice messages were recorded in a female voice, and they were presented with visual information, simultaneously. The design was implemented in a navigation system, which is available in the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, by using Visual Basic compiler and MapObjects library. The results of comparison between the automatic multiple-scale and single scale system show that the new system, enhanced driver's context, can allow the user receiving information according to the tasks performed along of the route. From the employment of generalization technique it was possible to present in a properly way the amount of information in the display, in which it can contribute for reducing navigational errors and visual demand, when compared with single-scale map ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
23
Agostinho, Juliano Cesar Pinto. "Gestão municipal com o uso de geotecnologias." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Diogenes Cortijo CostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agostinho_JulianoCesarPinto_M.pdf: 9468284 bytes, checksum: 1fb890c825cef0933e70359a6c567f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Este trabalho visa apresentar procedimentos para o planejamento e implantação de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG Municipal com ênfase na precisão, exatidão, confiabilidade, segurança e interoperabilidade dos dados e informações geográficas. Foram estudadas as metodologias e técnicas para elaboração de uma Base Cartográfica Cadastral Digital com estrutura topológica ajustada às necessidades do software de SIG, bem como sua vinculação com as entidades do mundo real através da elaboração de uma Rede de Referência Cadastral Municipal. A parte prática deste trabalho foi limitada à área urbana e de expansão urbana de um município de pequeno porte, integrando a coleta, tratamento, armazenamento, recuperação e análise dos dados e informações geográficas através dos métodos e técnicas de mapeamento com topografia convencional, uso do sistema de navegação e posicionamento global por satélite (Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS) e uso do SIG. No estudo de caso os dados e informações geográficas foram armazenados em um Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados SGBD Objeto-Relacional com extensão espacial, possibilitando a integração destes dados e toda a exploração do potencial deste sistema. Finalmente foram apresentadas discussões e recomendações sobre temas abordados em geotecnologias
Abstract: This paper has the purpose of presenting procedures for planning and implementing a Municipal Geographic Information System (GIS) with an emphasis on the precision, exactness, reliability, safety, and interoperability of the data and geographical information. The methodologies and techniques for elaborating a Digital Cartographic Base with a topological structure adjusted to the needs of the GIS software as well as its link with the entities of the real world by elaborating a Municipal Geodetic Reference Network. The practical part of this work was limited to the urban area and the urban expansion of a small municipality, integrating it into the colIection, handling, storage, recuperation, and analysis of geographical data and information by the mapping methods and techniques with conventional survey, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and GIS. In the case study, the geographical data and information were stored in an Object-Relational Database Management System (DBMS) with spatial extension, making it possible to integrate this data to alI the exploration of this system's potential. Finally, discussions and recommendations were presented about the issues addressed in geotechnologies
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
24
Yan, Jingya. "An ontologies and agents based approach for undersea feature characterisation and generalisation." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0031/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une carte marine est un type de carte utilisé pour décrire la morphologie du fond marin et du littoral adjacent. Un de ses principaux objectifs est de garantir la sécurité de la navigation maritime. En conséquence, la construction d'une carte marine est contrainte par des règles très précises. Le cartographe doit choisir et mettre en évidence les formes du relief sous-marin en fonction de leur intérêt pour la navigation. Au sein d'un processus automatisé, le système doit être en mesure d'identifier et de classifier ces formes de relief à partir d’un modèle de terrain.Un relief sous-marin est une individuation subjective d'une partie du fond océanique. La reconnaissance de la morphologie du fond sous-marin est une tâche difficile, car les définitions des formes de relief reposent généralement sur une description qualitative et floue. Obtenir la reconnaissance automatique des formes de relief nécessite donc une définition formelle des propriétés des reliefs et de leur modélisation. Dans le domaine maritime, l'Organisation Hydrographique Internationale a publié une terminologie standard des noms des formes de relief sous-marines qui formalise un ensemble de définitions principalement pour des objectifs de communication. Cette terminologie a été utilisée ici comme point de départ pour la classification automatique des formes de relief sous-marines d'un modèle numérique de terrain.Afin d'intégrer les connaissances sur le relief sous-marin et sa représentation sur une carte nautique, cette recherche vise à définir des ontologies du relief sous-marin et des cartes marines. Les ontologies sont ensuite utilisées à des fins de généralisation de carte marine. Nos travaux de recherche sont structurés en deux parties principales. Dans la première partie de la recherche, une ontologie est définie afin d'organiser la connaissance géographique et cartographique pour la représentation du relief sous-marin et la généralisation des cartes marines. Tout d'abord, une ontologie de domaine du relief sous-marin présente les différents concepts de formes de relief sous-marines avec leurs propriétés géométriques et topologiques. Cette ontologie est requise pour la classification des formes de relief. Deuxièmement, une ontologie de représentation est présentée, qui décrit la façon dont les entités bathymétriques sont représentées sur la carte.Troisièmement, une ontologie du processus de généralisation définit les contraintes et les opérations usitées pour la généralisation de carte marine. Dans la deuxième partie de la recherche, un processus de généralisation fondé sur l'ontologie est conçu en s'appuyant sur un système multi-agents (SMA). Quatre types d'agents (isobathe, sonde, forme de relief et groupe de formes de relief) sont définis pour gérer les objets cartographiques sur la carte. Un modèle de base de données a été généré à partir de l'ontologie. Les données bathymétriques et l'ontologie sont stockées dans une base de données de type ``triple store'', et sont connectées à un système d'information implémenté en Java et C++. Le système proposé classe automatiquement les formes de relief sous-marines extraites à partir de la bathymétrie, et évalue les contraintes cartographiques. Dans un premier temps, les propriétés géométriques décrivant une forme de relief sont calculées à partir des sondes et des isobathes et sont utilisées pour la classification des formes de relief. Ensuite, les conflits de distance et de superficie sont évalués dans le SMA et des plans de généralisation sont proposés au cartographe. Des tests ont été réalisés avec des données bathymétriques du monde réel montrant ainsi l'intérêt de la recherche dans le domaine de la cartographie nautiqueA nautical chart is a kind of map used to describe the seafloor morphology and the shoreline of adjacent lands. One of its main purposes is to guaranty safety of maritime navigation. As a consequence, construction of a nautical chart follows very specific rules. The cartographer has to select and highlight undersea features according to their relevance to navigation. In an automated process, the system must be able to identify and classify these features from the terrain model.An undersea feature is a subjective individuation of a part of the seafloor. Landform recognition is a difficult task because its definition usually relies on a qualitative and fuzzy description. Achieving automatic recognition of landforms requires a formal definition of the landforms properties and their modelling. In the maritime domain, the International Hydrographic Organisation published a standard terminology of undersea feature names which formalises a set of definitions mainly for naming features and communication purpose. This terminology is here used as a starting point for the automatic classification of the features from a terrain model.In order to integrate knowledge about the submarine relief and its representation on the chart, this research aims to define ontologies of the submarine relief and nautical chart. Then, the ontologies are applied to generalisation of nautical chart. It includes two main parts. In the first part of the research, an ontology is defined to organize geographical and cartographic knowledge for undersea feature representation and nautical chart generalisation. First, a domain ontology of the submarine relief introduces the different concepts of undersea features with their geometric and topological properties. This ontology is required for the classification of features. Second, a representation ontology is presented, which describes how bathymetric entities are portrayed on the map. Third, a generalisation process ontology defines constraints and operations in nautical chart generalisation. In the second part, a generalisation process based on the ontology is designed relying on a multi-agent system. Four kinds of agents (isobath, sounding, feature and group of features) are defined to manage cartographic objects on the chart. A database model was generated from the ontology. The bathymetric data and the ontology are stored in a triplestore database, and are connected to an interface in Java and C++ to automatically classify the undersea features extracted from the bathymetry, and evaluate the cartographic constraints. At first, geometrical properties describing the feature shape are computed from soundings and isobaths and are used for feature classification. Then, conflicts are evaluated in a MAS and generalisation plans are provided
25
De, Klerk Jeanne Louise. "Cartographic GIS standards adopted by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry : a case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographies.The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) acquired a Geographic Information System (GIS) in 1987. The purpose of acquiring such a system was to aid the department in implementing their water resource management strategy of that time. On acquiring this system it was well recognised that the GIS would need to communicate geo-referenced information, generated by analysis and modelling to decision makers by means of graphic representations or maps (Olivier et al., 1990: 14 73). Towards the end of 1990 it became apparent that the department needed to standardise cartographic output of this system. Maps on the same theme, which were produced at different sites were not comparable and graphic communication was not effective. A consultant was appointed, who, in conjunction with the departmental digital cartographer, established criteria and standards which were flexible enough to accommodate mapping on a wide variety of themes. These standards were implemented, to a limited extent in July 1994. Standards were set for map encoding, map content and map composition. This report investigates how effective these standards have been. The effectiveness of these standards have been measured in terms of the five recognised cartographic design principles that have been identified by Robinson et al. (1984), Wood (1992) and Dent (1990). These include the clarity and legibility of maps, the distinction between figure and ground, the hierarchical organisation of mapped information, the visual contrast of marks on maps and the visual balance or layout of the finished map. A sample of maps made after the implementation of cartographic standards at the department was compared to a sample of comparable maps made prior to the implementation of these standards. In a large organisation like the department the success of such standards do not depend on the standards alone but also on their implementation. Implementation related problems were identified by comparing standardised maps with the standards. The outcome of the investigation proved that the effectiveness of graphic communication had indeed improved albeit to a varying degree. In most cases the standards were adequate and the main problems actually lay with their implementation. Recommendations on the implementation and the few aspects of the standards that require amendment have been included in this report.
26
Boucher, Brigitte. "Un essai d'utilisation d'information écologique à l'aide d'un sig dans une perspective d'aménagement intégré d'un territoire forestier : le cas de Girardville /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерела
27
Al-Zaidi, Rabab. "An IoT enabled system for marine data acquisition and cartography." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22286/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traditional marine monitoring systems such as oceanographic and hydrographic re- search vessels use either wireless sensor networks with a limited coverage, or expensive satellite communication that is not suitable for small and mid-sized vessels. This the- sis proposes an Internet of Marine Things data acquisition and cartography system in the marine environment using Very High Frequency (VHF) available on the majority of ships. The proposed system is equipped with sensors such as sea depth, tempera- ture, wind speed and direction, and the collected data is sent through a Ship Ad-hoc Network (SANET) to 5G edge clouds connected to sink/base station nodes on shore. The sensory data is ultimately aggregated at a central cloud on the internet to produce up to date cartography systems. Several observations and challenges unique to the marine environment have been discussed and feed into the solutions presented. We have investigated the application of appropriate data quantization and compression techniques to the marine sensor data collected in order to reduce the size of transmit- ted data and achieve better transmission efficiency. The impact of marine sparsity on the network is examined and a marine Mobile Ad-hoc/Delay Tolerant hybrid routing protocol (MADNET) is proposed to switch automatically between Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) and Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) routing according to the network connectivity. The low rate data transmission offered by VHF radio has been investigated in terms of the network bottlenecks and the data collection rate achiev- able near the sinks. A sensory data management and transmission approach has also been proposed at the 5G network core using Information Centric Networks (ICN) aimed at providing efficient and duplicate less transmission of marine sensory read- ings from the base station/sink nodes towards the central cloud. Therefore, SANETs are realized as part of a 5G infrastructure for marine environment monitoring, paving the way to the Internet of Marine Things (IoMaT).
28
da, Silva Ramos Cristhiane, and cristhiane ramos@rmit edu au. "Establishing fundamental theories for internet atlas realisation with application in the Brazilian primary education system." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070109.100627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis addresses a research programme that aimed to provide an open standard methodology for publishing Brazilian local primary school atlases on the World Wide Web. It also aims to contribute to the use of computer laboratories provided to Brazilian primary schools by the Brazilian government. Using a local school atlas as the source of information, a Web-based prototype of the School Atlas of Rio Claro (SP) was developed in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). SVG is a vector-based standard for publishing interactive graphics on the Web validated by the Web Consortium. This prototype was tested with a group of Brazilian primary school teachers. The test was conducted with fourteen teachers, all of them were familiar with the paper version of the School Atlas. During weekly meetings, the participants took notes to discuss and reflect about the practices held in school with local maps. The main test carried out with teachers was to prepare a paper activity based on the atlas content. The idea behind this activity was to foster teachers to leave a passive role as mere users and interact with the product in a more active fashion. In order to enable them to take full advantage of simple digital tools they were briefly trained to capture screen, use image editing software (they were instructed on the use of Paint, an image editing application available in Windows), and to copy text from the atlas. The results demonstrated that the teachers were keen to interact with the product and, although reproducing some common practices of paper atlas use, they revealed a deep interest on the use of the Internet as a medium for education and the prototype itself. A second test was carried out with a group of atlas developers. They were given a time frame of two weeks to develop an SVG-based atlas using the methodology proposed in this research. They completed the task within the time frame proposed however they indicated that more specific training should be desirable; this finding indicates the need to introduce digital map publishing as a subject to be taught in geosciences undergraduate courses in Brazil. It is believed that open standard methodology proposed here can be applied to other cities also developing local atlases for early geographical education.
29
Forrest, David. "The application of expert systems to small scale map design." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284711.
Повний текст джерела
30
Light, Adam. "Design patterns for cartography and data graphics /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3153792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-97). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
31
Rybaczuk, Krysia. "Error processes in the integration of digital cartographic data in geographic information systems." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6210/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Errors within a Geographic Information System (GIS) arise from several factors. In the first instance receiving data from a variety of different sources results in a degree of incompatibility between such information. Secondly, the very processes used to acquire the information into the GIS may in fact degrade the quality of the data. If geometric overlay (the very raison d'etre of many GISs) is to be performed, such inconsistencies need to be carefully examined and dealt with. A variety of techniques exist for the user to eliminate such problems, but all of these tend to rely on the geometry of the information, rather than on its meaning or nature. This thesis explores the introduction of error into GISs and the consequences this has for any subsequent data analysis. Techniques for error removal at the overlay stage are also examined and improved solutions are offered. Furthermore, the thesis also looks at the role of the data model and the potential detrimental effects this can have, in forcing the data to be organised into a pre-defined structure.
32
Renaudeau, Brice. "Robotique coopérative aéro-terrestre : Localisation et cartographie hétérogène." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les travaux de cette thèse adressent la problématique de la coopération aéro-terrestre pour la cartographie de l’espace navigable. La nécessité d’une carte pour la navigation et la planification de chemins pour les robots terrestres n’est plus à prouver. L’utilisation d’une coopération aéro-terrestre pour créer une carte navigable à destination du robot terrestre a plusieurs intérêts. Premièrement, le drone peut cartographier rapidement une zone grâce à son champ de vision étendu et ses capacités de déplacement. Deuxièmement, la fusion des cartes créées par ces deux agents permet de tirer le meilleur profit des deux points de vue : la cohérence de la vue aérienne globale et la précision de la vue terrestre locale. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons une méthode qui s’appuie sur la création de cartes hybrides et leur fusion. Les cartes sont construites en utilisant le squelette de l’espace navigable terrestre comme support d’un graphe contenant également des informations métriques locales de l’environnement. La mise en correspondance des cartes aérienne et terrestre s’effectue à l’aide d’un appariement point à point déterminé grâce à une mesure de dissimilarité appropriée. Cette dernière est définie pour répondre aux critères d’invariance et de discriminance dans ce contexte. La mise en correspondance est ensuite utilisée pour fusionner les cartes entre elles. Les cartes fusionnées peuvent être utilisées par le robot au sol pour effectuer sa mission. Elles permettent également de propager des informations telles que des coordonnées GPS à des robots et dans des lieux où ce dispositif n’est pas disponible. Des expérimentations en environnements virtuels et réels sont réalisées pour valider cette approche et en tracer les perspectivesThis work aims to study the problem of air-ground robotic cooperation for collaborative traversability mapping. The need for a map for navigation and path planning for terrestrial robots is no longer to be proven. The use of air-ground cooperation to create a navigable map for the ground robots has several interests. First, the drone can quickly map an area through its large field of vision and traveling capabilities. Second, the fusion of maps based on these two agents makes it possible to draw the best benefits from both points of views: the coherence of the global aerial view and the accuracy of the local ground view. To answer this problem, we propose a method that relies on the construction of a unified model of hybrid maps and their fusion.The maps are built using the skeleton of the traversability space as a support for graphs also containing local metric and potentialy semantic information of the environment. The maching of aerial and ground maps is done using a point to point correlation based on an appropriate dissimilarity measure. This measure is defined to meet invariance and discriminance criteria. The matching is then used to merge the maps into an augmented traversability map. The merged maps can be used by the ground robot to perform its mission. They also make it possible to deploy information such as GPS coordinates to robots in GPS denied environments. Experiments in virtual and real world environments have been carried out to validate this approach and map out future perspetives
33
Jabeur, Nafaâ. "A multi-agent system for on-the-fly web map generation and spatial conflict resolution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23356/23356.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Résumé
Internet est devenu un moyen de diffusion de l’information géographique par excellence. Il offre de plus en plus de services cartographiques accessibles par des milliers d’internautes à travers le monde. Cependant, la qualité de ces services doit être améliorée, principalement en matière de personnalisation. A cette fin, il est important que la carte générée corresponde autant que possible aux besoins, aux préférences et au contexte de l’utilisateur. Ce but peut être atteint en appliquant les transformations appropriées, en temps réel, aux objets de l’espace à chaque cycle de génération de la carte. L’un des défis majeurs de la génération d’une carte à la volée est la résolution des conflits spatiaux qui apparaissent entre les objets, essentiellement à cause de l’espace réduit des écrans d’affichage.
Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle approche basée sur la mise en œuvre d’un système multiagent pour la génération à la volée des cartes et la résolution des conflits spatiaux. Cette approche est basée sur l’utilisation de la représentation multiple et la généralisation cartographique. Elle résout les conflits spatiaux et génère les cartes demandées selon une stratégie innovatrice : la génération progressive des cartes par couches d’intérêt. Chaque couche d’intérêt contient tous les objets ayant le même degré d’importance pour l’utilisateur. Ce contenu est déterminé à la volée au début du processus de génération de la carte demandée. Notre approche multiagent génère et transfère cette carte suivant un mode parallèle. En effet, une fois une couche d’intérêt générée, elle est transmise à l’utilisateur.
Dans le but de résoudre les conflits spatiaux, et par la même occasion générer la carte demandée, nous affectons un agent logiciel à chaque objet de l’espace. Les agents entrent ensuite en compétition pour l’occupation de l’espace disponible. Cette compétition est basée sur un ensemble de priorités qui correspondent aux différents degrés d’importance des objets pour l’utilisateur. Durant la résolution des conflits, les agents prennent en considération les besoins et les préférences de l’utilisateur afin d’améliorer la personnalisation de la carte. Ils améliorent la lisibilité des objets importants et utilisent des symboles qui pourraient aider l’utilisateur à mieux comprendre l’espace géographique. Le processus de génération de la carte peut être interrompu en tout temps par l’utilisateur lorsque les données déjà transmises répondent à ses besoins. Dans ce cas, son temps d’attente est réduit, étant donné qu’il n’a pas à attendre la génération du reste de la carte.
Afin d’illustrer notre approche, nous l’appliquons au contexte de la cartographie sur le web ainsi qu’au contexte de la cartographie mobile. Dans ces deux contextes, nous catégorisons nos données, qui concernent la ville de Québec, en quatre couches d’intérêt contenant les objets explicitement demandés par l’utilisateur, les objets repères, le réseau routier et les objets ordinaires qui n’ont aucune importance particulière pour l’utilisateur.
Notre système multiagent vise à résoudre certains problèmes liés à la génération à la volée des cartes web. Ces problèmes sont les suivants :
1. Comment adapter le contenu des cartes, à la volée, aux besoins des utilisateurs ?
2. Comment résoudre les conflits spatiaux de manière à améliorer la lisibilité de la carte tout en prenant en considération les besoins de l’utilisateur ?
3. Comment accélérer la génération et le transfert des données aux utilisateurs ?
Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont :
1. La résolution des conflits spatiaux en utilisant les systèmes multiagent, la généralisation cartographique et la représentation multiple.
2. La génération des cartes dans un contexte web et dans un contexte mobile, à la volée, en utilisant les systèmes multiagent, la généralisation cartographique et la représentation multiple.
3. L’adaptation des contenus des cartes, en temps réel, aux besoins de l’utilisateur à la source (durant la première génération de la carte).
4. Une nouvelle modélisation de l’espace géographique basée sur une architecture multi-couches du système multiagent.
5. Une approche de génération progressive des cartes basée sur les couches d’intérêt.
6. La génération et le transfert, en parallèle, des cartes aux utilisateurs, dans les contextes web et mobile.Abstract Internet is a fast growing medium to get and disseminate geospatial information. It provides more and more web mapping services accessible by thousands of users worldwide. However, the quality of these services needs to be improved, especially in term of personalization. In order to increase map flexibility, it is important that the map corresponds as much as possible to the user’s needs, preferences and context. This may be possible by applying the suitable transformations, in real-time, to spatial objects at each map generation cycle. An underlying challenge of such on-the-fly map generation is to solve spatial conflicts that may appear between objects especially due to lack of space on display screens. In this dissertation, we propose a multiagent-based approach to address the problems of on-the-fly web map generation and spatial conflict resolution. The approach is based upon the use of multiple representation and cartographic generalization. It solves conflicts and generates maps according to our innovative progressive map generation by layers of interest approach. A layer of interest contains objects that have the same importance to the user. This content, which depends on the user’s needs and the map’s context of use, is determined on-the-fly. Our multiagent-based approach generates and transfers data of the required map in parallel. As soon as a given layer of interest is generated, it is transmitted to the user. In order to generate a given map and solve spatial conflicts, we assign a software agent to every spatial object. Then, the agents compete for space occupation. This competition is driven by a set of priorities corresponding to the importance of objects for the user. During processing, agents take into account users’ needs and preferences in order to improve the personalization of the final map. They emphasize important objects by improving their legibility and using symbols in order to help the user to better understand the geographic space. Since the user can stop the map generation process whenever he finds the required information from the amount of data already transferred, his waiting delays are reduced. In order to illustrate our approach, we apply it to the context of tourist web and mobile mapping applications. In these contexts, we propose to categorize data into four layers of interest containing: explicitly required objects, landmark objects, road network and ordinary objects which do not have any specific importance for the user. In this dissertation, our multiagent system aims at solving the following problems related to on-the-fly web mapping applications: 1. How can we adapt the contents of maps to users’ needs on-the-fly? 2. How can we solve spatial conflicts in order to improve the legibility of maps while taking into account users’ needs? 3. How can we speed up data generation and transfer to users? The main contributions of this thesis are: 1. The resolution of spatial conflicts using multiagent systems, cartographic generalization and multiple representation. 2. The generation of web and mobile maps, on-the-fly, using multiagent systems, cartographic generalization and multiple representation. 3. The real-time adaptation of maps’ contents to users’ needs at the source (during the first generation of the map). 4. A new modeling of the geographic space based upon a multi-layers multiagent system architecture. 5. A progressive map generation approach by layers of interest. 6. The generation and transfer of web and mobile maps at the same time to users.
34
Sodezza, Guillaume. "Vers un atlas morphogénétique de la vallée du Gier : caractérisation des éléments et structures matériels hérités." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse est réalisée dans le cadre d'un contrat CIFRE avec l'agence d'urbanisme del'agglomération stéphanoise, Epures.L’ambition de cette recherche est de proposer une méthode « objective » et« systématique » de lecture de l’héritage matériel d'un territoire, ce qui imposed’abandonner tous critères de sélection discriminant : l’ensemble des traces matériellesqui forme cet héritage peut être déduit de l’analyse d’unités minimales et objectives(parcellaire, bâti, réseau viaire) , dont l’apparition, la disparition et la transformation dans letemps peuvent être retracées par l’exploitation de sources spécifiques en particulier descartes anciennes disponibles. D’autres unités, linéaires, ponctuelles ou surfaciquespeuvent être mises en évidence par une confrontation directe avec le terrain.L'analyse a été réalisée sur la partie ligérienne de l'ancienne vallée industrielle du Gier.La méthode met en oeuvre un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) historique quiautorise l’intégration, la réinterprétation et le croisement d’informations provenant desources variées : sérielles, textuelle, cartographiques ou iconographiques. Cet outil facilitele partage et la mise à jour des données produites.Les résultats obtenus offrent une lecture de l'évolution de la vallée du Gier à l'échelle desunités parcellaires et bâties depuis deux siècles. Ils proposent une nouvelle approche duterritoire et de son évolution qui permet de questionner les politiques patrimoniales oud'aménagement existantes. Etendue à l'ensemble de l'espace stéphanois ou à d'autresterritoires et régulièrement mis à jour, la méthode peut permettre de constituer unobservatoire de leur évolutionThis thesis is carried out within the context of a contract CIFRE with the agency of townplanning of the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne, Epures.The ambition of this research is to propose a method “objective” and “systematic” to readthe material heritage of a territory, which forces to give up all criteria of selectiondiscriminating: the whole of the material traces which forms this heritage can be deducedfrom the analysis of minimal units and objectify (plots, built elements, road network), ofwhich appearance, disappearance and the transformation in time can be recalled by theexploitation of specific sources in particular of the old maps available. Other units, linear,specific or surface can be highlighted by a direct confrontation with the land.The analysis was carried out on the “ligérienne” part of the old industrial valley of Gier.The method implements a Geographical Information system (GIS) historical whichauthorizes integration, the reinterpretation and the crossing of information coming fromvaried sources: serial, textual, cartographic or iconographic. This tool facilitates thedivision and the update of the produced data.The results obtained have offered a reading of the evolution of the valley of Gier on theplot scale for two centuries. They propose a new approach of the territory and its evolutionwhich makes it possible to question the patrimonial policies or of installation existing.Extended to the whole space of the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne or to other territoriesand regularly updated, the method can make it possible to constitute an observatory oftheir evolution
35
Li, Fang. "An automated generalized system for large scale topographic maps." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387080.
Повний текст джерела
36
Костюк, Д. О. "Державна комплексна система спостережень за охороною та станом земель в Україні". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9814.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В повідомленні досліджено державну комплексну систему спостереження за охороною та станом земель в Україні. Проаналізовано конкретні елементи та заходи по обстеженню та розвідуванню ґрунтів, що здійснюється уповноваженими органами з питань земельних ресурсів. Пропонуються висновки і рекомендації.В сообщении исследовано государственную комплексную систему наблюдения за охраной и состоянием земель в Украине. Проанализированы конкретные элементы и мероприятия по обследованию и разведке почв, которая осуществляется уполномоченными органами по вопросам земельных ресурсов. Предлагаются выводы и рекомендации.
In a report investigational state complex system of looking after a guard and state of earths in Ukraine. Concrete elements and measures are analysed on an inspection and secret service of soils, which is carried out the authorized organs on questions the landed resources. Conclusions and recommendations are offered.
37
Toba, Monica Narcisa. "Cerebral systems of spatial attention : a combined neuroimaging and neuropsychological approach." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nous avons étudié les réseaux de l'attention spatiale du cerveau humain dans le cadre de la négligence spatiale, un syndrome neurologique qui est le plus souvent la conséquence dune lésion de l 'hémisphère droit. Les patients négligents montrent une attraction magntique vers les stimuli qui apparaissent du côté ipsilésionel, tout en ignorant le côté contralésionel. La nature attentionelle de la négligence a été postulée dans différents modèles et démontrée expérimentalement. Pourtant, le rôle de l'attention dans certains signes cliniques de la négligence est débattu. La première étude de cette thèse a investigué la nature attentionnelle de la déviation vers la droite en bissection de ligne, avec un paradigme expérimental basé sur l'effet de répulsion attentionnelle chez des sujets normaux. Les résultats confirment l'implication de l'attention dans cette tâche. En adoptant la perspective d'une organisation de l'attention spatiale en réseaux, une deuxième étude a été menée chez les patients cérébrolés droits. Cette étude a combiné une approche comportementale basée sur une analyse factorielle, avec une cartographie de lésions et une tractographie de faisceaux de matière blanche, reconstruits à partir de séquences en IRM de diffusion. Les résultats confirment l'implication d'un réseau fronto-pariétal dans les deux composantes (visuo-perceptive et visuo-motrice) de la négligence spatiale. Une implication bilatérale des réseaux fronto-pariétaux dans l'attention est suggérée dans la troisème étude basée sur la tractographie de données obtenues en tenseur de diffusion chez un patient présentant une négligence droite, ˆ la suite de lésions de l'hémisphère gauche.
38
BOUAMAR, MOHAMED. "Etude et realisation d'un systeme rapide de cartographie d'eeg quantifie a large bande d'analyse." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une amelioration des caracteristiques liees a la bande d'analyse et a la rapidite des systemes de traitement en electro-encephalographie quantitative (systemes de cartographie d'eeg quantifie). L'etude et la realisation d'un systeme rapide permettant l'acquisition et l'analyse spectrale d'un nombre important de signaux eeg est presentee. Il s'agit d'un systeme d'acquisition multicanaux a entrees differentielles large bande et faible bruit, couple a un systeme de traitement de type maitre-esclave structure autour d'un pc/at et d'un processeur de signal (dsp) de derniere generation. L'appareil offre plusieurs possibilites d'analyse a l'utilisateur pour mener une etude plus variee dans une large gamme de frequences. L'evaluation des performances du systeme est effectuee a partir d'une etude en simulation sur les incertitudes de calcul dans le processeur de traitement. Pour valider son fonctionnement, une serie de mesures sur des signaux reels d'eeg est effectuee afin de mettre en evidence ses capacites d'analyse et correler les resultats ainsi obtenus avec ceux de la clinique
39
Jonasse, Richard Jacob. "Making sense : geographic technologies, planning, and strategic action /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3013700.
Повний текст джерела
40
Brundage, Robert. "Implementing an archival GIS template utilizing ARCMAP GIS software and the personal geodatabase a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of master of science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BrundageRobert/index.htm.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on February 13, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
41
Skowronski, Robin. "Perception visuelle pour les drones légers." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14345/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans cette thèse, en collaboration avec l'entreprise AéroDRONES, le Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique et l'INRIA, nous abordons le problème de la perception de l'environnement à partir d'une caméra embarquée sur un drone léger. Nous avons conçu, développé et validé de nouvelles méthodes de traitement qui optimisent l'exploitation des données produites par des systèmes de prise de vue aéroportés bas coût. D'une part, nous présentons une méthode d'autocalibrage de la caméra et de la tourelle d'orientation, sans condition spécifique sur l'environnement observé. Ensuite nous proposons un nouvel algorithme pour extraire la rotation de la caméra calibrée entre deux images (gyroscope visuel) et l'appliquons à la stabilisation vidéo en temps réel. D'autre part, nous proposons une méthode de géoréférencement des images par fusion avec un fond cartographique existant. Cette méthode permet d'enrichir des bases de données de photos aériennes, en gérant les cas de non-planéité du terrainThe last decade has seen the emergence of many Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) which are becoming increasingly cheap and miniaturized. A mounted video-camera is standard equipment and can be found on any such UAVs. In this context, we present robust techniques to enhance autonomy levels of airborne vision systems based on mini-UAV technologies. First, we present a camera autocalibration method based on central projection based image \dimension{2}-invariants analysis and we compare it to classical Dual Image of the Absolute Conic (DIAC) technique. We present also a method to detect and calibrate turret's effectors hierarchy. Then, we propose a new algorithm to extract a calibrated camera self-rotation (visual gyroscope) and we apply it to propose a real-time video stabilizer with full perspective correction
42
Yirci, Murat. "Arrangements 2D pour la Cartographie de l’Espace Public et des Transports." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1075/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse porte sur le développement facilité d'applications de cartographie et de transport, plus particulièrement sur la génération de réseaux piétonniers pour des applications telles que la navigation, le calcul d'itinéraires, l'analyse d'accessibilité et l'urbanisme. Afin d'atteindre ce but, nous proposons un modèle de données à deux couches qui cartographie l'espace public dans une hiérarchie d'objets géospatiaux sémantisés. A bas niveau, la géométrie 2D des objets géospatiaux est représentée par une partition planaire, modélisée par une structure topologique d'arrangement 2D. Cette représentation permet des traitements géométriques efficaces et efficients, ainsi qu'une maintenance et une validation aisée au fur et à mesure des éditions lorsque la géométrie ou la topologie d'un objet sont modifiées. A haut niveau, les aspects sémantiques et thématiques des objets géospatiaux sont modélisés et gérés. La hiérarchie entre ces objets est maintenue à travers un graphe dirigé acyclique dans lequel les feuilles correspondent à des primitives géométriques de l'arrangement 2D et les noeuds de plus haut niveau représentent les objets géospatiaux sémantiques plus ou moins aggrégés. Nous avons intégré le modèle de données proposé dans un framework SIG nommé StreetMaker en complément d'un ensemble d'algorithmes génériques et de capacités SIG basiques. Ce framework est alors assez riche pour générer automatiquement des graphes de réseau piétonnier. En effet, dans le cadre d'un projet d'analyse d'accessibilité, le flux de traitement proposé a permis de produire avec succès sur deux sites un graphe de réseau piétonnier à partir de données en entrées variées : des cartes vectorielles existantes, des données vectorielles créées semi-automatiquement et des objets vectoriels extraits d'un nuage de points lidar issu d'une acquisition de cartographie mobile.Alors que la modélisation 2D de la surface du sol est suffisante pour les applications SIG 2D, les applications SIG 3D nécessitent des modèles 3D de l'environnement. La modélisation 3D est un sujet très large mais, dans un premier pas vers cette modélisation 3D, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la modélisation semi-automatique d'objets de type cylindre généralisé (tels que les poteaux, les lampadaires, les troncs d'arbre, etc) à partir d'une seule image. Les méthodes et techniques développées sont présentées et discutéesThis thesis addresses easy and effective development of mapping and transportation applications which especially focuses on the generation of pedestrian networks for applications like navigation, itinerary calculation, accessibility analysis and urban planning. In order to achieve this goal, we proposed a two layered data model which encodes the public space into a hierarchy of semantic geospatial objects. At the lower level, the 2D geometry of the geospatial objects are captured using a planar partition which is represented as a topological 2D arrangement. This representation of a planar partition allows efficient and effective geometry processing and easy maintenance and validation throughout the editions when the geometry or topology of an object is modified. At the upper layer, the semantic and thematic aspects of geospatial objects are modelled and managed. The hierarchy between these objects is maintained using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in which the leaf nodes correspond to the geometric primitives of the 2D arrangement and the higher level nodes represent the aggregated semantic geospatial objects at different levels. We integrated the proposed data model into our GIS framework called StreetMaker together with a set of generic algorithms and basic GIS capabilities. This framework is then rich enough to generate pedestrian network graphs automatically. In fact, within an accessibility analysis project, the full proposed pipeline was successfully used on two sites to produce pedestrian network graphs from various types of input data: existing GIS vector maps, semi-automatically created vector data and vector objects extracted from Mobile Mapping lidar point clouds.While modelling 2D ground surfaces may be sufficient for 2D GIS applications, 3D GIS applications require 3D models of the environment. 3D modelling is a very broad topic but as a first step to such 3D models, we focused on the semi-automatic modelling of objects which can be modelled or approximated by generalized cylinders (such as poles, lampposts, tree trunks, etc.) from single images. The developed methods and techniques are presented and discussed
43
Sahr, Kevin Michael. "Discrete global grid systems : a new class of geospatial data structures /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-115). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
44
Pettit, Louise Manda. "An appraisal of the production and utility of digital atlases in Africa: a case study of Swaziland." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research will appraise the production and utility of digital atlases in an African context, using personal experience gained through the production of a digital atlas for Swaziland, the opinions obtained from other producers of African digital atlases and relevant literature. Since the 1950s, decision makers and researchers have viewed information as a powerful contributor to national development. Over the past thirty years, developed countries have increased the efficient collation and dissemination of geographic information through the utilization of the digital environment. The development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has increased the range of applications attainable in digital mapping projects. Applications have ranged from resource inventories to the monitoring of environmental degradation, crime patterns and service provision. The patchy history of data collection, analysis and mapping in Africa, has had a limiting effect on the ability of countries to identify, plan and control their resources efficiently. Despite the desire to automate the mapping process and reap some of the planning benefits evident in the developed world, Africa has not succeeded in mobilising full technological potential. Political instability, poor infrastructure, the absence of national policy guidelines, and a lack of skilled manpower are some of the issues which have limited utilization. Despite many of the hurdles faced by African countries, automated mapping and analysis technologies are still being pursued. The role of computers in the utilisation of data has become apparent through several means, one of which is the digital atlas. Analytical functions in many of these products allow situation modelling and provide superior graphic displays in comparison to their paper counterparts. Several African countries have embarked on the development of national digital databases and in some cases have produced digital national atlases. The potential to improve resource utilization, service provision and land use planning using these atlases, does exist. The production and utility of these atlases in an African context, however, needs closer assessment. "Computers don't clothe, don't cure, don't feed. Their power begins and ends with information. Their usefulness is therefore strictly linked to the ffectiveness of the information" (Gardner,1993:16).
45
Shea, Geoffrey Yu Kai. "A web-based approach to the integration of diverse data sources for GIS /." Sydney : School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, University of New South Wales, 2001. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20011018.170350/index.html.
Повний текст джерела
46
Lefrère, Laurent. "Contribution au développement d'outils pour l'analyse automatique de documents cartographiques." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire abordent différents aspects de l'analyse de documents cartographiques, du prétraitement couleur à la reconnaissance de toponymes en passant par l'extraction d'objets géographiques. Le premier chapitre est consacré à la classification couleur. Ce prétraitement permet d'obtenir, à partir d'images de cartes numérisées en cyan, magenta, yellow, les plans couleurs rouge, vert, bleu et noir proches des planches-mères ayant permis l'impression des cartes. L'originalité de la segmentation CMY/TS est sa capacité à reconstruire les objets masqués par les superpositions. Cette classification permet d'apporter une information plus compacte et plus complète aux modules d'extraction subséquents. Le second chapitre présente d'une part, une méthode de caractérisation et d'extraction de zones texturées basée sur une modélisation structurelle et statistique des textures. Cette méthode permet de modéliser conjointement l'aspect macroscopique régulier et structuré des textures ainsi que leur aspect microscopique plus aléatoire. D'autre part, est présenté un module d'extraction des réseaux linéaires et plus particulièrement des réseaux routiers basé sur un suivi de trait particulier contrôlé par un ensemble de mesures statistiques regroupées en un critère dit de Gibbs. Le dernier chapitre présente une stratégie particulière de reconstruction de toponymes à partir d'une méthode originale de reconnaissance de caractères invariante à la translation, à l'homothétie et à la rotation. Ce module permet de plus de reconstituer les limites de parcelles formées de pointillés. Ces différents modules fournissent, à partir des cartes papier existantes, des données structurées et organisées, prêtes à être intégrées dans des systèmes d'information géographique
47
Siefert, Nathalie. "Etude methodologique de cartographie automatique des ecoulements fluviaux. Application aux bassins de la fecht et du giessen." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1GE05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail presente une methode de spatialisation des ecoulements fluviaux. Elle se base sur le couplage d'un modele hydrologique et d'un sig. La premiere partie s'attache a presenter l'etat de la cartographie hydrologique et les principaux types de representation qui sont affectes aux variables hydrologiques. La methodologique employee est developpee ensuite. Apres la presentation du domaine d'etude dans la seconde partie, la methode mise au point a ete appliquee sur des bassins tests puis, dans un deuxieme temps, sur un domaine voisin pour verifier la validite et la transposabilite de cette derniere. Vu l'importance de la pluie dans la generation des ecoulements, la methode pluvia a ete employee pour apprehender ta variabilite des precipitations. Cette methode se base sur l'exploitationdes liens statistiques entre morphometrie du terrain et volume precipite. La procedure de modelisation spatialisee prend en compte les caracteristiques lithologiques du bassin versant pour caler les valeurs de deux de ses parametres. Il a fourni d'excellents resultats pour te domaine test. On a pu constater un flechissement des performances sur les bassins de controle mais l'efficacite globale reste satisfaisante. La methode pourra donc etre appliquee a d'autres bassins. Afin de realiser des cartes de debits continus dans le lineaire fluvial, une procedure d'interpolation. Integrant le rapport entre debit et surface drainee, a ete utilisee pour calculer des valeurs entre les points simules par le modele. L'etape finale a ete de representer l'evolution des debits dans l'espace. La representation 3 d a permis de realiser des cartes interessantes et lisibles car n'impliquant pas de decoupage en classes des valeurs. Ce type de visualisation est nouveau et la methode de spatialisation des ecoulements fluviaux, ainsi que le mode de representation qui lui a ete associe, pourra avoir de multiples applications dans le domaine de la recherche comme dans celui de l'amenagement.
48
Blaize, Kevin. "Cartographier le traitement de l'information visuelle cérébrale grâce aux ultrasons fonctionnels." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le système visuel cérébral inclut le corps genouillé latéral, le colliculus supérieur et le cortex visuel. Ces structures ont été étudiées depuis les années 50 et cette étude a été possible par l’apparition de l’imagerie par résonnance magnétique fonctionnelle ainsi que par différentes techniques optiques. Pour évaluer la résolution spatiotemporelle de la technique d’imagerie ultrasonore, nous avons mesuré les réponses visuelles des structures cérébrales sur le rat anesthésié en étudiant leur dynamique respective soit sur un seul plan, soit par reconstruction tridimensionnelle. Après avoir validé cette approche technologique sur le petit animal, nous avons appliqué cette technique sur le cortex visuel du primate non-humain éveillé. Ainsi, nous avons pu reconstruire les cartes rétinotopiques du cortex visuel en surface mais aussi en profondeur. Nous avons mis en évidence, les bandes de dominance oculaire dans V1. En accord avec certaines données anatomiques, cette mesure fonctionnelle suggère la présence d’une dominance oculaire au-delà de la couche 4, dans les couches 3 et 5 de V1. En conclusion, ces travaux de thèse ont permis de montrer l’intérêt spécifique de l’imagerie fonctionnelle par ultrasons sur le rongeur et le primate non-humain, anesthésiés et vigiles. Cette nouvelle technique d'imagerie permet la visualisation fonctionnelle à haute résolution spatiotemporelle en profondeur des aires visuelles. Cette illustration sur le système visuel met en lumière l’intérêt prometteur du déploiement de cette technique pour l’exploration fonctionnelle de structures inaccessibles en imagerie optique de surface et en dessous de la résolution de l’IRMfIn the brain, the visual system includes the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, the Superior Colliculus and the visual cortex. These structures have been studied since the 50’s and these studies have relied on functional MRI but also on the development of functional surface microscopic imaging techniques. To examine the spatiotemporal resolution of the ultrafast ultrasound imaging technique, we measured visual responses in in the cerebral structures on anesthetized rats in one imaging plan or with a 3D reconstruction. After having validated our technology on rodents, we have applied the technique to awake non-human primate visual cortex. We reconstructed the retinotopic maps of visual cortex, at the surface and in depth. In addition, we could resolve the ocular dominance columns within V1, which represent a major functional structuration in the primary visual cortex. This functional observation suggests the presence of ocular dominance beyond layer 4 in layers 3 and 5 of V1. In conclusion, this thesis work has demonstrated that the functional ultrafast ultrasound imaging can measure activity in the visual system for both rats and non-human primates, anesthetized and awake. This new imaging technique can provide functional measures with a high spatiotemporal resolution in the deep tissue. This illustration on the visual system highlights the potential of the technique to measure functional units not accessible to optical surface analysis and below the resolution of fMRI. Future studies will have to define if this technique can still provide a better resolution than fMRI in deeper structures than 1cm
49
Campos, Mariana Batista. "A portable mobile terrestrial system with omnidirectional camera for close range applications /." Presidente Prudente, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Antonio Maria Garcia TommaselliBanca: Edson Aparecido Mitishita
Banca: Daniel Rodrigues dos Santos
Banca: Mauricio Galo
Banca: Antero Kukko
Abstract: This research proposes a new technique for close-range mobile data acquisition and processing, consisting of a backpacked light-weight low-cost system. This system integrates an omnidirectional camera and a GPS/IMU system (Global Positioning Systems/Inertial Measurement Unit System) with a tailored photogrammetric processing chain to obtain sensor location and 3D points coordinates using the fisheye images. Omnidirectional systems, based on multiple cameras covering a full-spherical field of view, have been used in close range photogrammetry applications. The use of omnidirectional systems is especially motivated by their 360° coverage around the sensor, which allows more features to be tracked in a single image shot, and by the light weight and low cost of some off-the-shelf omnidirectional cameras. This kind of systems have been named as Personal Mobile Terrestrial System (PMTS). There are only few studies focusing on PMTS using omnidirectional systems. This research assessed the performance of an omnidirectional PMTS based exclusively on low-cost technologies to indirectly estimate forest and outdoor urban features. An accuracy evaluation of GPS and IMU sensors and the development of rigorous photogrammetric processing considering fisheye geometry were performed. PMTS data, i.e fisheye images and navigation data, are input information for the photogrammetric process. The proposed photogrammetric process focused on omnidirectional camera modelling, feature-based matching an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: Este trabalho propõe uma nova técnica para aquisição e processamento de dados obtidos com um sistema de mapeamento móvel terrestre leve e de baixo custo embarcado em mochila, conhecido como PMTS (Personal Mobile Terrestrial System - Sistema de Mapeamento Móvel Pessoal). O sistema de mapeamento móvel proposto é composto por uma câmara omnidirecional (imagens fisheye) e um sistema de navegação GPS/IMU (Global Positioning Systems/ Inertial Measurement Unit System). As imagens do tipo fisheye e os dados de navegação coletados com o PMTS são utilizados em um processo fotogramétrico adaptado para a geometria das imagens fisheye para obter a posição do sensor e as coordenadas tridimensionais (3D) do ambiente mapeado (nuvem de pontos). Sistemas omnidirecionais baseado em múltiplas câmaras vêm ganhando visibilidade em diversas aplicações na Fotogrametria a curta distância, como a navegação autônoma e o mapeamento móvel de cidades, floresta e ambientes internos. O uso de múltiplas câmaras é principalmente motivado pelo seu amplo campo de visada (360°), sua portabilidade, o baixo custo de algumas câmaras disponíveis no mercado e seu sistema óptico compacto, sem a necessidade de espelhos externos (sistema catadióptricos) ou dispositivos rotativos (câmaras de varredura por rotação). No entanto, existem poucos estudos voltados ao desenvolvimento de PMTS usando sistemas omnidirecionais. O imageamento de 360° em torno do sensor permite que mais feições sejam mapeadas em uma única imagem, sen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
50
Royal, Kevin. "Evaluating and comparing digital geospatial publishing tools a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2009. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/RoyalKevin/index.htm.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2009.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on June 15, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.