Статті в журналах: "Carotid Hypoplasia"

1

Scissons, Robert P., and Julie Mason. "Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 26, no. 5 (September 2010): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479310381132.

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2

Chen, Pei-Ya, Hung-Yu Liu, Kun-Eng Lim, and Shinn-Kuang Lin. "Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 34, no. 10 (September 11, 2015): 1839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/ultra.14.08044.

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3

Osborn, Robin E., Saeid Mojtahedi, Thomas C. Hay, and John D. Dewitt. "Internal carotid artery hypoplasia." Computerized Radiology 10, no. 6 (November 1986): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-4862(86)90032-6.

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4

Hou, Dianbin, Yu Mei, Yongqiang Ji, Hongliang Wu, Huilong Zhang, Zhongwen Sun, Wenjuan Li, et al. "Congenital internal carotid artery hypoplasia." Medicine 98, no. 1 (January 2019): e13986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000013986.

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5

Amaker, B. H., N. R. Ghatak, V. Luo, and M. H. Johnson. "BILATERAL INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY HYPOPLASIA." Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 57, no. 5 (May 1998): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005072-199805000-00041.

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6

Türk, Yaşar, and Atakan Küskün. "Hypoplastic internal carotid artery ending as an ophthalmic artery with multiple cerebral aneurysms, fenestrated Acom and triple A2." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 7 (July 2021): e243520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243520.

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A rare case of a hypoplastic internal carotid artery (ICA) terminating in the ophthalmic artery with multiple intracranial saccular aneurysms in the contralateral ICA, anterior communicating artery fenestration and triple A2 was identified. The aetiology and pathogenesis of ICA hypoplasia are subjected to certain hypotheses. Developing several collaterals to preserve the blood supply of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere could result in aneurysm formation due to flow overload on the contralateral vasculature, but it could also result in hemicranial hypoplasia, cerebral atrophy and deep watershed infarcts, as in our case.

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7

TANAKA, Kimito, Yasuhiro YONEKAWA, and Kazumi MATSUBA. "Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 31, no. 5 (1991): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.31.290.

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8

Sachdev, Noor, Somchai Laowattana, Laura Belorgey Bonds, and Gulam Hussain Thaver. "Congenital carotid hypoplasia in ischemic stroke." Neurology 70, no. 22 (May 27, 2008): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000313382.94367.7f.

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9

Garcia-Medina, Jose Javier, Monica del-Rio-Vellosillo, Jesaran Fares-Valdivia, Luis Alemañ-Romero, Vicente Zanon-Moreno, and Maria Dolores Pinazo-Duran. "Optic nerve hypoplasia and internal carotid artery hypoplasia: a new association." Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 52, no. 5 (October 2017): e173-e177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.05.006.

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10

Watanabe, Arata, Tomohiro Omata, Hidehito Koizumi, Shin Nakano, Nobuyasu Takeuchi, and Hiroyuki Kinouchi. "Bony carotid canal hypoplasia in patients with moyamoya disease." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 5, no. 6 (June 2010): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.peds09417.

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Object The natural history of moyamoya disease is not well known. We have observed that the bony carotid canal is hypoplastic in patients with adult onset moyamoya disease. Bony carotid canal development should represent internal carotid artery (ICA) development, and may stop with the beginning of ICA stenosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the onset of moyamoya disease by measuring the bony carotid canal. Methods The normal diameter of the bony carotid canal was evaluated on 4-mm thick bone window CT scans of the skull base in 60 Japanese patients aged 20–80 years, who had minor head trauma or headache considered to be unrelated to the skull base or arterial systems. The relationship between age and bony carotid canal development was assessed in a second group of 50 patients aged 0–19 years, including 10 under 2 years, using CT scans with the same parameters. The diameter of the bony carotid canal in 17 Japanese patients with moyamoya disease was measured. Results The normal diameter in adults was 5.27 ± 0.62 mm (mean ± SD). The bony carotid canal developed rapidly before approximately 2 years of age. After fusion of the bony suture, the bony carotid canal developed slowly. The mean diameter of the bony carotid canal was 3.31 ± 0.44 mm in 11 adult patients with adult-onset moyamoya disease. According to the apparent curve of bony carotid canal development, ICA stenosis was assumed to start in early childhood. Conclusions Our findings suggest that most cases of Asian moyamoya disease may arise in childhood and that many Asian adult patients with moyamoya disease may develop occlusive vasculopathy in childhood.

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11

Paşaoğlu, Lale, Uğur Toprak, Betul Akdal, Gokhan Yagiz, Dilek Acar, and Fatih Gurel. "Unilateral Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery." International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Case Reports 3, no. 5 (January 10, 2015): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijmpcr/2015/16686.

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12

Bhat, DhananjayaI, JerryM E. Kovoor, and Sampath Somanna. "Bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 21, no. 4 (2011): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.90682.

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13

Akfirat, M., M. Cihangiroglu, H. Özdemir, C. Topsakal, A. Murat, and H. Yildirim. "Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia in Two Cases." Clinical Radiology 57, no. 10 (October 2002): 951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/crad.2002.1067.

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14

Yaguchi, Masamitsu, Hisa Yaguchi, and Yukio Sugai. "Bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery." Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience 7, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ncn3.12303.

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15

Yadav, Padam, Ajay Kumar, Arvind Saili, and Vikram Datta. "Congenital hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 76, no. 10 (October 2009): 1061–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-009-0203-1.

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16

Kaya, Omer, Cengiz Yilmaz, Bozkurt Gulek, Gokhan Soker, Gokalp Cikman, Ibrahim Inan, and Selahaddin Demirduzen. "An Important Clue in the Sonographic Diagnosis of Internal Carotid Artery Agenesis: Ipsilateral Common Carotid Artery Hypoplasia." Case Reports in Radiology 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/516456.

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A 42-year-old female patient, who had been diagnosed with an occlusion of her left internal carotid artery (ICA) following Doppler ultrasonographic (US) and digitally-subtracted angiographic (DSA) examinations performed in an outer healthcare center in order to eliminate the underlying cause of her complaint of amorosis fugax, later applied to our hospital with the same complaint. At Doppler US performed in our hospital’s radiology department, her right common carotid artery (CCA) was normal, but her left CCA was hypoplastic. The right internal artery (ICA) was validated as normal. At the left side, however, the ICA was apparent only as a stump and it did not demonstrate a continuity. The diagnosis of ICA agenesis was confirmed by the utilization of Doppler US, CT, and DSA imaging, and it was concluded also that ipsilateral CCA hypoplasia could be evaluated as an important clue to the diagnosis of ICA agenesis.

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17

Okuyama, Sumito, Shinjitsu Nishimura, Yoshiharu Takahashi, Keiichi Kubota, Takayuki Hirano, Ken Kazama, Masato Tomii, et al. "Limitations of median nerve somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during carotid endarterectomy." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 3 (September 2019): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.4.jns171784.

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OBJECTIVEHypoperfusion during carotid artery cross-clamping (CC) for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may result in the major complication of perioperative stroke. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (MNSSEP) monitoring, which is an established method for the prediction of cerebral ischemia, has low sensitivity in detecting such hypoperfusion. In this study the authors sought to explore the limitations of MNSSEP monitoring compared to tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potential (TNSSEP) monitoring for the detection of CC-related hypoperfusion.METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent unilateral CEA with routine shunt use. All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance angiography and were monitored for intraoperative cerebral ischemia by using MNSSEP, TNSSEP, and carotid stump pressure during CC. First, the frequency of MNSSEP and TNSSEP changes during CC were analyzed. Subsequently, variables related to stump pressure were determined by using linear analysis and those related to each of the somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) changes were determined by using logistic regression analysis.RESULTSA total of 94 patients (mean age 74 years) were included in the study. TNSSEP identified a greater number of SSEP changes during CC than MNSSEP (20.2% vs 11.7%; p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that hypoplasia of the contralateral proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A1 hypoplasia) (p < 0.01) and hypoplasia of the ipsilateral precommunicating segment of the posterior cerebral artery (P1 hypoplasia) (p = 0.02) independently and negatively correlated with stump pressure. Both contralateral A1 hypoplasia (OR 26.25, 95% CI 4.52–152.51) and ipsilateral P1 hypoplasia (OR 8.75, 95% CI 1.83–41.94) were independently related to the TNSSEP changes. However, only ipsilateral P1 hypoplasia (OR 8.76, 95% CI 1.61–47.67) was independently related to MNSSEP changes.CONCLUSIONSTNSSEP monitoring appears to be superior to MNSSEP in detecting CC-related hypoperfusion. Correlation with stump pressure and SSEP changes indicates that TNSSEP, and not MNSSEP monitoring, is a reliable indicator of cerebral ischemia in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery.

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18

Silva Neto, Ângelo Raimundo, Ródio Luis Brandão Câmara, and Marcelo Moraes Valença. "Carotid siphon geometry and variants of the circle of Willis in the origin of carotid aneurysms." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 70, no. 12 (December 2012): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2012001200003.

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This study evaluated anatomical variants in the carotid siphon and of the circle of Willis in patients with aneurysms. We performed a retrospective analysis of cerebral angiographies. The Control Group was composed of patients without aneurysms. Posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms were more common in women (p<0.05), and the anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysms in men (p<0.1). The incidence of fetal-type PcomA was higher in cases with co-occurring PcomA aneurysm (24 versus 8%, p<0.05). Patients with AcomA aneurysm had higher incidence of A1 hypoplasia (p<0.0001, OR=32.13, 95%CI 12.95-79.71) and lower frequency of fetal-type PcomA compared to their control counterparts (p=0.0125). The angle of carotid siphon was narrower in patients with PcomA aneurysm (27.3±19.1 versus 34.8±22.6, p=0.028). In conclusion, a narrower carotid siphon or the presence of fetal-type PcomA or A1 hypoplasia may cause hemodynamic stress, thereby promoting the formation of aneurysms in susceptible individuals.

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19

Chen, C. J., S. T. Chen, F. Y. Hsieh, L. J. Wang, and Y. C. Wong. "Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery with intercavernous anastomosis." Neuroradiology 40, no. 4 (April 15, 1998): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050578.

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20

Ide, C., B. De Coene, P. Mailleux, V. Baudrez, M. Ossemann, and J. P. Trigaux. "Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery: a noninvasive diagnosis." European Radiology 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2000): 1865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000457.

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21

Usovich, A., L. Davydova L. Davydova, A. Kotovich, K. Usovich, and A. Kalinina. "BILATERAL AGENESIS OF THE HUMAN INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl. 2 (2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.02.004.

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Anomalies of the internal carotid artery associated with a violation of its embryonic development are classified as follows: agenesis, aplasia and hypoplasia. Agenesis is a rare vascular abnormality. The search and analyze the scientific articles data concerning the ICA embryogenesis and agenesis, absence of the internal carotid artery, to make comparative analysis of the adult skull with and without ICA. 104 human skulls served us as the research material.

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22

Savasta, S., P. Merli, F. Introzzi, L. Strocchio, G. Lanati, G. Incorpora, E. Della Mina, A. Simoncelli, O. Zuffardi, and D. Larizza. "Agenesis of Internal Carotid Artery and Hypopituitarism: Case Report and Review of Literature." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 97, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 3414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3389.

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Abstract Context: Agenesis of the internal carotid artery and hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery are rare congenital abnormalities, involving less than 0.01% of the general population. Congenital hypopituitarism is also a rare condition; thus, the association of the two entities is unlikely to be casual. We describe one pediatric case of agenesis of the internal carotid artery with hypopituitarism and review other known cases. Evidence Acquisition and Synthesis: In this brief clinical case seminar, we summarize the current understanding of this association based on a MEDLINE search of all peer-reviewed publications (original articles and reviews) on this topic between 1980 and 2011. We found nine other cases, mainly diagnosed during childhood. Defects of pituitary function varied among cases; in four, midline anomalies were present. Conclusion: There are two theories that are not mutually exclusive to explain the association of congenital vascular malformation and pituitary hypoplasia with hypopituitarism: the first involves hemodynamic mechanisms, and the second, complex neural-crest differentiation and/or migration disorders. Whatever the real physiopathological mechanism responsible for this condition, it could be considered as a new clinical entity.

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23

Li, Shuo, Kusum Hooda, Nishant Gupta, and Yogesh Kumar. "Internal carotid artery agenesis: A case report and review of literature." Neuroradiology Journal 30, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917692162.

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Congenital agenesis of the internal carotid artery is a very rare anomaly. Intracranial circulation in the involved internal carotid artery territory is maintained by collateral circulation from the contralateral internal carotid artery through the anterior communicating artery and from the vertebrobasilar system through the posterior communicating artery. Usually, patients with internal carotid artery agenesis are asymptomatic due to collateral circulation, but they may present with headache, seizures, or transient ischemic attack. Aneurysms have also been reported to be associated with this entity. Computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography are commonly used modalities to make the diagnosis. Unenhanced skull base computed tomography will show the absence of carotid canal, thus differentiating from carotid hypoplasia. We report on a case of right internal carotid artery agenesis with discussion of embryogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging findings.

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24

HASEGAWA, Shinsaku, Nakamasa HAYASHI, Michiya KUBO, Hideo HAMADA, Naoya KUWAYAMA, Hideo SHOJAKU, Takuya AKAI, and Shunro ENDO. "Basal Encephalocele Associated With Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 47, no. 12 (2007): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.47.572.

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25

Horowitz, Josepha, Alina Melamud, Lea Sela, Yair Hod, and Orna Geyer. "Internal carotid artery hypoplasia presenting as anterior ischemic optic neuropathy." American Journal of Ophthalmology 131, no. 5 (May 2001): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00886-2.

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26

Kajita, Yasukazu, Naohito Yamamoto, Norimoto Nakahara, Makoto Negoro, and Masato Shibuya. "Multiple basilar trunk aneurysms and bilateral internal carotid artery hypoplasia." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 5, no. 4 (October 1998): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-5868(98)90282-x.

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27

Sallustio, Fabrizio, Silvia Di Legge, Giacomo Koch, and Paolo Stanzione. "Intracranial Dissection and Extracranial Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 27, no. 5 (May 2008): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2008.27.5.795.

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28

Afifi, Adel K. "Cerebral Hemiatrophy, Hypoplasia of Internal Carotid Artery, and Intracranial Aneurysm." Archives of Neurology 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1987.00520140090024.

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29

Taşar, Mustafa, Sertaç Yetişer, Ayşin Taşar, Şahin Uğurel, Engin Gönül, and Mutlu Sağlam. "Congenital absence or hypoplasia of the carotid artery: Radioclinical issues." American Journal of Otolaryngology 25, no. 5 (September 2004): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2004.04.008.

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30

Briganti, F., F. Maiuri, F. Tortora, and A. Elefante. "Bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid arteries with basilar aneurysm." Neuroradiology 46, no. 10 (August 19, 2004): 838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-002-0909-5.

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31

Teshchuk, Viktor, Nazarii Teshchuk, and Oleksandr Ruskykh. "Anomalies of the cerebral arteries in military servants - participants of ATO-OOS, who suffered ischemic strokes." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 10 (October 22, 2021): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.10.016.

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The analysis of medical histories of 129 patients aged 20 to 59 years, who suffered acute cerebrovascular disorders (AСVD) of the ischemic type (IT), and participated in ATO-JFO was carried out. Anomalies of cerebral arteries were found in all of them. A significant role of hypoplasia of the right posterior cerebral artery, aplasia of the posterior connective, left anterior cerebral and anterior connective, as well as pathological S-shaped tortuosity of the internal carotid artery, hypoplasia of the vertebral arteries and their combinations in the development of acute cerebrovascular disorders in ATO members was established.

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32

Sato, Yukihisa, Nobuo Kashiwagi, Katsuyuki Nakanishi, Kunitoshi Yoshino, and Noriyuki Tomiyama1. "Ascending pharyngeal-vertebral anastomosis demonstrated by computed tomography angiography of the ascending pharyngeal artery: a case report." Acta Radiologica 52, no. 9 (November 2011): 951–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ar.2011.100308.

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Ascending pharyngeal-vertebral anastomosis has been identified by angiography of the carotid artery in several cases. We present a case of ascending pharyngeal-vertebral anastomosis that was found incidentally in computed tomography angiography of the ascending pharyngeal artery. Images revealed that the anastomosis formed through the hypoglossal branch of the neuromeningeal trunk. The anastomosis seemed to be associated with hypoplasia of the right vertebral artery. Interventional radiologists should be aware of this dangerous anastomotic route of the APA to the VA. Discovery of hypoplasia of the major intracranial arteries before intra-arterial chemotherapy or embolization in head and neck area may avoid subsequent complications.

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33

Omarjee, Loukman, Jacques-Olivier Fortrat, Antoine Larralde, Estelle Le Pabic, Gilles Kauffenstein, Maxence Laot, Nastassia Navasiolava, et al. "Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia: A New Clinical Feature in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum." Journal of Stroke 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5853/jos.2018.02705.

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34

Burghaus, Lothar, Raphaela Richter, Andreas H. Jacobs, and Walter F. Haupt. "Acute Loss of Vision With Hypoplasia of the Contralateral Carotid Artery." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 16, no. 1 (January 2007): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2006.08.003.

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35

Kubis, N., M. Zuber, J. F. Méder, and J. L. Mas. "CT Scan of the Skull Base in Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia." Cerebrovascular Diseases 6, no. 1 (December 22, 1995): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000107991.

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36

Nardone, R., A. Venturi, H. Ausserer, E. Buffone, M. Covi, P. Lochner, K. Psenner, and F. Tezzon. "Transient ischaemic attacks in two cases of internal carotid artery hypoplasia." Neurological Sciences 26, no. 4 (October 2005): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-005-0473-y.

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37

Ueno, Tatsuya, Atsushi Saito, Hiroki Hikichi, Tomoya Kon, Jin-ichi Nunomura, Hiroshi Midorikawa, and Masahiko Tomiyama. "Unilateral moyamoya disease with ipsilateral carotid canal hypoplasia: A case report." Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 11 (March 2018): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inat.2017.09.003.

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38

Romeo, Antonio, Giuseppina Napolitano, Giuseppe Leone, Alessandra Aiello, Antonietta La porta, Enrico Tedeschi, Francesco Briganti, and Ferdinando Caranci. "A rare case of persistent hypoglossal artery associated with contralateral proximal subclavian stenosis." Open Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2016-0050.

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AbstractThe persistent hypoglossal artery is rare vascular anomalies. We report the case of a 50-year old man with right hypoglossal artery, ipsilateral hypoplasic internal carotid artery, associated with left proximal subclavian stenosis with subclavian steal syndrome. Power-Doppler-Ultra-Sonography spectral images obtained after the patient exercised the left arm showed mid-systolic deceleration with retrograde late-systolic velocities. A Computed Tomography Angiography demonstrated a proximal stenosis of the left SA, a mild right ICA hypoplasia and an anomalous artery arising from right ICA at C2–C3 level, entering the cranium via the hypoglossal canal and joining the basilar artery. Usually the presence of PHA may be completely asymptomatic, and detected as an incidental finding by CTA or MRA, but in our case its diagnosis is extremely important because it is often the only vessel supplying blood to the basilar trunk and posterior circulation.

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39

Lee, Jung Koo, and Ik Seong Park. "Extracranial Carotid-Vertebral Artery Bypass Technique and Surgical Outcomes." Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 65, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2021.0222.

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Vertebral artery (VA) occlusion is frequently encountered, usually without acute ischemic injury of the brain. However, when it is accompanied by hypoplasia or stenosis of the opposite VA, brain ischemia may develop due to insufficient collateral supply. Both hemodynamic instability and embolic infarction can occur in VA occlusion, which may cause severe symptoms in a patient. Extracranial carotid-VA bypass should be considered for symptomatic VA occlusion patients, especially when the patient has repeated ischemic brain injuries. In this report, the cases of three extracranial carotid-VA bypass patients are introduced, along with a brief description of the surgical techniques. All three cases were treated with different bypass methods according to their disease location.

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40

Choi, Beom Jin, Tae Hong Lee, Chang Won Kim, and Chang Hwa Choi. "RECONSTRUCTIVE TREATMENT USING A STENT GRAFT FOR A DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA OF THE TRANSVERSE SINUS IN THE CASE OF HYPOPLASIA OF THE CONTRALATERAL VENOUS SINUSES." Neurosurgery 65, no. 5 (November 1, 2009): E994—E996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000351772.45417.92.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Transvenous coil embolization for transverse sinus (TS) and sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) is now recognized as one of the most effective treatment modalities. However, in the case of hypoplasia of the contralateral venous sinuses and internal jugular vein, complete occlusion of the ipsilateral sinus may cause fatal consequences. We describe a case of combined intravenous graft stent placement and transarterial coil embolization for DAVFs that involved the dominant right TS in a patient with hypoplasia of the contralateral venous sinuses. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 50-year-old man presented with headache, left hand tremor, and pulsatile right tinnitus. A cerebral angiogram demonstrated a right TS DAVF that was supplied by tentorial branches of both internal carotid arteries, multiple branches of the right external carotid artery, and branches of the left occipital artery. Unfortunately, left TS and sigmoid sinus hypoplasia were observed. INTERVENTION A right TS balloon occlusion test revealed contrast stagnation of the cortical veins and of the right TS and superior sagittal sinus. In this case, the use of transvenous stent graft placement with or without transarterial embolization is safer and more effective than sacrifice of the right TS. We therefore performed balloon-expandable stent graft deployment at the right TS, and the remnant DAVF flow between the stent graft and venous sinus was treated with transarterial coil embolization. Postprocedural angiograms showed patent right TS outflow with disappearance of retrograde cortical venous drainage as well as complete eradication of the fistulous connections. CONCLUSION In a DAVF involving the dominant TS or sigmoid sinus in a patient with hypoplasia of the contralateral venous sinuses and an intolerable balloon occlusion test for the ipsilateral venous sinuses, the complete occlusion of the diseased venous sinus may cause hazardous consequences. In this situation, the use of a stent graft with or without transarterial embolization to preserve venous sinus flow can be an effective treatment.

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41

Clarós, P., R. Bandos, I. Gilea, A. Clarós Jr., A. Capdevila, J. Garcı́a Rodrı́guez, and A. Clarós. "Major congenital anomalies of the internal carotid artery: agenesis, aplasia and hypoplasia." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 49, no. 1 (June 1999): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5876(99)00012-9.

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42

Erickson, Jeffery T., Catherine Mayer, Andrew Jawa, Liming Ling, E. Burt Olson, Edward H. Vidruk, Gordon S. Mitchell, and David M. Katz. "Chemoafferent degeneration and carotid body hypoplasia following chronic hyperoxia in newborn rats." Journal of Physiology 509, no. 2 (June 1998): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.519bn.x.

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43

Shidara, Kyoko, Masato Wakakura, and Shoichiro Kawaguchi. "Optic Neuropathy Mimicking Normal Tension Glaucoma Associated with Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia." Neuro-Ophthalmology 33, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01658100902718189.

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44

Battista, Robert A., Jed A. Kwartler, and Daniel M. Martinez. "Persistent Trigeminal Artery as a Cause of Dizziness." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 76, no. 1 (January 1997): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139707600112.

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Complaints of vertigo and dizziness are common problems referred to otolaryngologists for evaluation. Awareness of uncommon causes of dizziness increases the physician's ability to diagnose and treat these patients. We present the case of a middle-aged woman who presented with episodes of vertigo and symptoms suggestive of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. These symptoms were the result of a persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) and occlusive carotid artery disease. A PTA is a carotid-basilar anastomosis that has been reported to be demonstrated on 0.1% to 0.6% of all cerebral angiograms. Persistence of this vessel usually leads to hypoplasia or agenesis of the ipsilateral posterior communicating artery, and leaves the internal carotid artery as the main source of blood supply to the region of the upper brainstem. The appearance and clinical significance of this unusual condition will be discussed.

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45

Prabhakar, Ganga, Naresh Kumar, Zohair Al Halees, and Neil Wilson. "Insertion of a bypass graft from carotid artery to descending aorta in the management of aortic coarctation with severe hypoplasia of the aortic arch—a report of two cases." Cardiology in the Young 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100010702.

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AbstractRepair of severe hypoplasia of the aortic arch with coarctation must be based on the individual anatomy of the lesion and, where necessary, one should take into consideration associated cardiac abnormalities. We report a surgical technique which was employed when standard procedures for reconstruction of the arch had failed to relieve the obstruction adequately. A conduit from the carotid artery to the descending aorta was used successfully in two patients to abolish residual stenosis.

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Johansson, Elias, Richard I. Aviv, and Allan J. Fox. "Atherosclerotic ICA stenosis coinciding with ICA asymmetry associated with Circle of Willis variations can mimic near-occlusion." Neuroradiology 62, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-019-02309-7.

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Abstract Differentiating carotid near-occlusion (tight atherosclerotic stenosis causing distal artery size reduction) from conventional stenosis is the first step when grading carotid stenoses with NASCET method. The internal carotid artery (ICA) can be asymmetrically associated with Circle of Willis variations. When such ICA asymmetry coincides with stenosis, it may mimic near-occlusion. We studied ICA anatomical variant prevalence in 4042 consecutive CTA exams from all indications, 53 excluded due to carotid occlusion, 814 with any ≥ 50% steno-occlusive disease intra- or extracranially, 3228 without. Of the 3989 included cases, 568 (14%) had ICA asymmetry, of which 335 (59%) were from associated with Circle of Willis variations. Of 3228 patients without ≥ 50% stenosis or other steno-occlusive disease intra- and extracranially; 257 (8.0%) demonstrated ICA asymmetry associated with Circle of Willis variations, equally common among sexes and age unrelated and most frequently attributed to an ipsilateral A1 hypoplasia/aplasia, less often attributed to large contralateral posterior communicating artery. As ICA asymmetry associated with Circle of Willis variations are common, caution should be exercised diagnosing near-occlusion on asymmetry alone.

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47

Lee, Chang Sub. "A Case of Persistent Trigeminal Artery Presenting with Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency." Journal of Medicine and Life Science 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22730/jmls.2013.10.2.193.

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The author report a case of persistent trigeminal artery presenting with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Persistent trigeminalartery frequently combined with hypoplasia of vertebrobasilar artery system, even though it is usually asymptomatic. A 51-yearoldwoman was presented with transient sense of left hemiparesis. The patient was underwent removal of Rathke's cleft cyst viatranssphenoidal route one and a half year prior to visit. Magnetic resonance angiography showed persistent trigeminal artery ofwhich connecting between left internal carotid artery and basilar artery.

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Mamytova, Elmira, Aliya Kadyrova, Dzhamalbek Turgumbaev, Emir Zholdoshev, and Tugolbai Tagaev. "Risk factors of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack in young women: A case report." Biomedicine 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i1.555.

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This case report aims to demonstrate the clinical significance of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) hypoplasia in a young woman who received a combined oral contraceptive (COC) and its association with arterial occlusion and the development of a lacunar stroke/lacunar cerebral infarct (LACI). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left frontal lobe revealed multiple subcortical and periventricular amplification/ischemia foci (49.0×17.0 mm), and lacunar infarct loci (2.0×4.0 mm). Brain magnetic resonance angiography revealed a markedly narrowed lumen of the left ICA (2.0–3.0 mm). MRI diffusion-weighted imaging-fluid attenuated inversion recovery revealed a moderate diffuse wall thickening and reinforcement of the left ICA. The patient was diagnosed with LACI and congenital hypoplasia of the left ICA and underwent antiplatelet drug therapy (aspirin - 100 mg) and a complete withdrawal of COC. A full amelioration of neurological symptoms was observed after one month of treatment.

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Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhiqin Liu, and Zunjing Liu. "Imaging Classification of Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia Based on Distal Ophthalmic Segment Occlusion." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 28, no. 11 (November 2019): 104304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104304.

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50

Lata, Neeraj, Anubha Sharma, M. S. Pannu, and Narinder Singh. "Sturge-Weber syndrome with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and hypoplasia of internal carotid artery." Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v46i4.8393.

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