Статті в журналах: "Caregivers Education Australia Evaluation"

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Evans, Kiah, Andrew J. O. Whitehouse, Emily D’Arcy, Maya Hayden-Evans, Kerry Wallace, Rebecca Kuzminski, Rebecca Thorpe, et al. "Perceived Support Needs of School-Aged Young People on the Autism Spectrum and Their Caregivers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 15605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315605.

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With increasing demands for health, disability and education services, innovative approaches can help distribute limited resources according to need. Despite an increased focus on support needs within the clinical pathway and policy landscape, the body of research knowledge on this topic is at a relatively early stage. However, there appears to be a sense of unmet support needs and dissatisfaction with the provision of required support following an autism diagnosis amongst caregivers of young people on the spectrum. The primary aim of this study was to explore the perceived support needs of Australian school-aged young people on the spectrum and their caregiver(s). This was achieved using a phenomenographic Support Needs Interview conducted by occupational therapists during home-visits with caregivers of 68 young people on the spectrum (5–17 years). Qualitative data analysis resulted in two hierarchical outcome spaces, one each for young people and their caregivers, indicating interacting levels of support need areas that could be addressed through a combination of suggested supports. These support needs and suggested supports align with almost all chapters within the Body Functions, Activities and Participation and Environmental Factors domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The overall goals of meeting these complex and interacting support needs were for the young people to optimize their functioning to reach their potential and for caregivers to ensure the sustainability of their caregiving capacity. A series of recommendations for support services, researchers and policy makers have been made to position support needs as central during the assessment, support and evaluation phases.

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Gilbert, Julie, Matthew M. George, Elilzabeth D. Huggins, and Maureen E. Rowlands. "The Canadian True NTH Initiative: A multisite intervention to improve the lives of men with prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.118.

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118 Background: The True NTH Initiative aims to improve the lives and experiences of men with prostate cancer, as well as those of their partners, family and caregivers. In Canada, Prostate Cancer Canada selected ten teams to develop, implement and evaluate evidence-informed programs focusing on decision support, clinical support, lifestyle management, education, social support, navigation and treatment follow-up. Project teams were encouraged to align their local evaluations with a common evaluation framework and a national evaluation plan was developed. The aim of this abstract is to share methodology and early results of a multi-level evaluation that will address a range of programs designed to improve the lives of men with prostate cancer. True NTH is funded globally by the Movember Foundation, and operates in Canada, USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and Singapore. Methods: Projects (Solutions) selected for the initiative had existing evidence for their efficacy. Project teams were responsible for designing the implementation of their Solution and an appropriate evaluation. Local and national evaluations used a recognized framework (RE-AIM) to systematically study the real world uptake of these interventions, focusing on questions of Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance. Project teams provide quarterly narrative updates and annual written reports with quantitative measures and narrative components. Key informant interviews with project leads will complete the final national evaluation. Results: To date, projects have generated learning across different provincial health systems, academic institutions and community settings. Teams have learned to address challenges of participant recruitment and project endorsement, and have begun to appreciate the benefits of collaboration. Teams have also reflected on the importance of engaging clinicians in the implementation of their Solutions for effective uptake and sustainability. Conclusions: The results of the ongoing multi-level evaluation continue to provide insight into real world implementation of evidence-informed programs and the critical factors that enable their effectiveness.

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Sharrad, Kelsey, Zoe Kopsaftis, Andrew Tai, Nicola Spurrier, Ross Smith, Adrian Esterman, Ian Gwilt, Helen Stallman, and Kristin Carson-Chahhoud. "Mixed Reality Technology as a Delivery Mechanism for Psychological Intervention in Adolescents With Asthma: A Qualitative Protocol." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 1, 2021): 160940692110083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069211008333.

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Australia has one of the highest asthma prevalence rates in the world, with this chronic and debilitating condition affecting one in nine people. The health and mental wellbeing of young people with asthma are worse than not only their peers without asthma but also worse than that of people with asthma at other ages. Psychological interventions could be beneficial in treating symptoms of elevated psychological distress in patients with asthma. However, evidence suggests that engagement with mental health services is low in this population. Technology-based solutions that engage youth may overcome barriers to service uptake for both mental health and asthma management. To fast-track the successful translation of evidence-based treatment into practice, interactive, mixed-reality technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and holographic technology may provide a novel, low-cost solution, yet to date, methodological rigor in the evaluation of mixed reality for this purpose is lacking. To evaluate the perceived usability and acceptability of these technologies, mixed reality tools will be developed by the author team to deliver a component of a psychological intervention for treatment of elevated psychological distress among young people with asthma. Qualitative research will be conducted through one-on-one interviews with young people with asthma, parents/caregivers of young people with asthma, and with health professionals, during which participants will have time to interact with the resources. Moderator guides will be used to direct interviews, and will be supplemented with a questionnaire, including Likert-type measures of usability and acceptability to facilitate triangulation of data. Understanding and data obtained through this study will be used to develop version 2.0 mixed reality tools, which will be tested for feasibility in a RCT. Improving access to and uptake of evidence-based treatments for elevated psychological distress in young people with asthma may reduce the burden of this highly prevalent disease.

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Kingsley, Beth. "Community Empowerment: Promoting the Safety and Minimising the Abuse of Older People." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02035.

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Elder abuse is a taboo topic that older people talk about in hushed whispers and community workers are hesitant to raise. Nevertheless the abuse of older people is a social issue and a tragedy of an ageing population. To promote the safety of older citizens health professionals cannot stand by and allow clients to be abused where they experience harm at the hands of someone they know and from whom they should be able to expect safe care. The harmful and damaging nature of elder abuse compels practitioners to work with the community to address and resolve this social problem. Evolving from focus group discussions with older people in Perth, Western Australia, a series of community education and empowerment forums were held under the auspice of The Council on the Ageing (WA) Inc. The forums used an innovative drama format to illustrate the issues of elder abuse and demonstrate potential solutions. Forum evaluation indicated that this format was successful in raising awareness of elder abuse, what it is, why it happens and what resources are available to deal with it. From the forums caregivers and older people learned new strategies on how to minimise their risk of abusing or to resist becoming a victim of abuse.

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Juraskova, Ilona, R. Laidsaar-Powell, Rachael Keast, Penelope Schofield, Daniel SJ Costa, Judy Kay, Sandra Turner, et al. "eTRIO trial: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of online education modules to facilitate effective family caregiver involvement in oncology." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e043224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043224.

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ObjectiveInformal family caregivers play a crucial role in cancer care. Effective caregiver involvement in cancer care can improve both patient and caregiver outcomes. Despite this, interventions improving the caregiver involvement are sparse. This protocol describes a randomised controlled trial evaluating the combined effectiveness of novel online caregiver communication education modules for: (1) oncology clinicians (eTRIO) and (2) patients with cancer and caregivers (eTRIO-pc).Methods and analysisThirty medical/radiation/surgical oncology or haematology doctors and nurses will be randomly allocated to either intervention (eTRIO) or control (an Australian State Government Health website on caregivers) education conditions. Following completion of education, each clinician will recruit nine patient–caregiver pairs, who will be allocated to the same condition as their recruiting clinician. Eligibility includes any new adult patient diagnosed with any type/stage cancer attending consultations with a caregiver. Approximately 270 patient–caregiver pairs will be recruited. The primary outcome is caregiver self-efficacy in triadic (clinician–patient–caregiver) communication. Patient and clinician self-efficacy in triadic communication are secondary outcomes. Additional secondary outcomes for clinicians include preferences for caregiver involvement, perceived module usability/acceptability, analysis of module use, satisfaction with the module, knowledge of strategies and feedback interviews. Secondary outcomes for caregivers and patients include preferences for caregiver involvement, satisfaction with clinician communication, distress, quality of life, healthcare expenditure, perceived module usability/acceptability and analysis of module use. A subset of patients and caregivers will complete feedback interviews. Secondary outcomes for caregivers include preparedness for caregiving, patient–caregiver communication and caring experience. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, and 1 week, 12 weeks and 26 weeks post-intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been received by the Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (REGIS project ID number: 2019/PID09787), with site-specific approval from each recruitment site. Protocol V.7 (dated 1 September 2020) is currently approved and reported in this manuscript. Findings will be disseminated via presentations and peer-reviewed publications. Engagement with clinicians, media, government, consumers and peak cancer groups will facilitate widespread dissemination and long-term availability of the educational modules.Trial registration numberACTRN12619001507178.

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Saunders, Vicky, Maddison Beck, Jacqueline McKechnie, Michelle Lincoln, Christine Phillips, Jane Herbert, and Rachel Davey. "A Good start in life: Effectiveness of integrated multicomponent multisector support on early child development—Study protocol." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): e0267666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267666.

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Introduction Early childhood experiences have a lifelong impact on a child’s future. Social and environmental experiences and interactions have a profound relational effect on children’s physical and mental health which transfers agency to parents, caregivers and duty-bearers to care for the child’s welfare. In the Australian context early child development indices have been in decline in some communities. Hence, there is a sense of urgency to reverse these trends from an integrated perspective. A multisector, multi component program of interventions named A Good Start in Life is proposed and is being tested in the Australian Capital Territory across suburbs with high levels of early childhood development disadvantage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes and processes related to targeted interventions, designed to integrate child and family services within the local district and embed allied health programs into early childhood education, care services and playgroups. Methods and analysis The Good Start in Life study will use a quasi-experimental design (with a matched control geographical area) consisting of a combination of interventions that will build multisectoral collaboration across education, health and social services that connect and support families with children from birth to 5 years. The control area will be matched on demographic characteristics and early child development outcomes and trends over the pre-intervention period. Evaluation data will be collected at baseline, and then on an annual basis for a further three years. A mixed methods approach will be used to evaluate delivery processes: quantitative (checklists, questionnaires) and qualitative methods (observations, focus groups and key stakeholder interviews). Effectiveness of the programme will be evaluated by comparing early child development outcomes between the comparator areas from the Australian Early Development Census in 2024. The primary focus will be on reducing the number of children who are developmentally vulnerable on at least one early development index (EDI). Separate tests will be conducted for significant differences in the percentage of children at risk in each of the five individual EDI domains. These domains are physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills, and communication and general knowledge. Trial registration ACTRN12621001140842.

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Taylor-Rubin, Cathleen, Lisa Azizi, Karen Croot, and Lyndsey Nickels. "Primary Progressive Aphasia Education and Support Groups: A Clinical Evaluation." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 35 (January 1, 2020): 153331751989563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317519895638.

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Objectives: To evaluate the benefits of a primary progressive aphasia (PPA) education and support session for people with PPA (pwPPA) and their caregivers. Method: Thirty-eight individuals (20 pwPPA, 18 caregivers) were invited to participate in the study. Twenty-five individuals (12 pwPPA, 13 caregivers) completed questionnaires before and after an education and support group session provided by a speech pathologist and a clinical psychologist. Seven individuals (2 pwPPA, 5 caregivers) participated in follow-up interviews. Results: After one attendance, caregivers reported significant improvement in knowledge of PPA, strategies to manage worry and low mood, and opportunities to meet peers. Themes at interview were reduced feelings of isolation, increased feelings of support, increased knowledge of coping strategies, and improved understanding of PPA. Caregivers who had attended previous sessions reported increased feelings of well-being and support. Implications: Primary progressive aphasia education and support group sessions in the postdiagnostic period constitute a valuable component of comprehensive care for PPA.

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Woodhouse, David, and Terry Stokes. "Australia: Evaluation and Quality in Higher Education." Research in Comparative and International Education 5, no. 1 (January 2010): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2010.5.1.18.

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Vialle, Wilma. "Supporting Giftedness in Families: A Resources Perspective." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 40, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 372–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162353217734375.

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There is ample evidence that families are important in supporting the development of giftedness in children. Although there has been a great deal of research addressing individual and school factors in promoting giftedness, the role of parents and caregivers is comparatively underresearched, particularly in Australia. This study investigated the ways in which parents supported their children’s development, drawing on the educational and learning capital framework within the Actiotope Model of Giftedness. A qualitative design was adopted and semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 parents and caregivers. The data demonstrated that parents draw on all 10 educational and learning resources in creating favorable environments to support their children’s development.

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Schultz, Cynthia L., Kosmas X. Smyrnios, Carolyn F. Grbich, and Noel C. Schultz. "Caring for Family Caregivers in Australia: A Model of Psychoeducational Support." Ageing and Society 13, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00000623.

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ABSTRACTThe present paper describes and traces the emergence of an innovative psychoeducational model of support for family caregivers of dependent elderly persons, its associated systematic evaluation and leadership training process, provides details of a small group programme and its underlying philosophy, and reports on outcome evaluation research ascertained from both quantitative and qualitative data analyses. Details of these analyses are presented within the context provided by a three-level model of support, which recruits and trains professionals from a range of disciplines to help families in caregiving situations. The 72 treatment and 29 waiting-list control subjects were assessed at pretreatment and at posttest on measures of anxiety and psychological well-being. Statistically significant differences emerged between the treatment and waiting-list control groups on these measures. Positive changes for programme participants were further demonstrated by contextual analysis of evaluative responses. Implications for practitioners, educators, and policy specialists, as well as for research and programme development are discussed.

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Wilson, Nathan J., Tiffany Patterson-Norrie, Cheryl Bedford, Natalie Bergstedt, Lia Marri Mendoza, Amy R. Villarosa, Ajesh George, and Avanti Karve. "Evaluation of Smiles for Life: A Caregiver Focused Oral Health Education Programme." Disabilities 2, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities2040040.

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Background: People with an intellectual and/or developmental disability are at increased risk of adverse oral health outcomes and often require support from caregivers to assist in maintaining or seeking treatment for their oral health needs. However, caregivers and support workers are often family members with limited formal oral health training. Hence, the aim of this pilot study was to review the outcomes of the ‘Smiles for Life’ oral health education workshop with reference to their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caregivers of people with an intellectual or developmental disability. Methods: A single group pre-test post-test intervention design was used to explore the preliminary effectiveness and appropriateness of the Smiles for Life oral health education workshop. Results: A total of 244 participants completed both the pre and post knowledge test. Oral health literacy scores decreased following the post test. Those with higher levels of education achieved higher post-training knowledge scores. Overall, caregivers reported satisfaction on the material presented however, it could be improved with more practical demonstrations. Conclusion: Providing an oral health education tool that caters to the diverse caregiver audience presents a unique set of challenges, despite oral health education in this professional group being vital. Future studies may benefit from reviewing the efficacy of a more tailored educational intervention.

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Halpin, Sean, Kathryn Roulston, and Michael Konomos. "Using Applied Conversation Analysis in Medical Education." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2403.

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Abstract Successful implementation of patient medical education is contingent on the communication strategies used by nurses, patients, and caregivers. Applied conversation analysis (A-CA) is a sociological and linguistic technique aimed at understanding how interaction is accomplished. In this demonstration of A-CA, the authors draw on an 18-month iterative-formative evaluation of patient education that precedes autologous stem cell transplant for persons diagnosed with multiple myeloma (N=70), a type of cancer which disproportionately impacts older adults. In this study, patients and caregivers received supplemental education videos before their formal education session with a nurse coordinator. Using A-CA, we examined how nurses, patients, and caregivers orient toward the videos; including demonstrated knowledge by patients and caregivers. Nurses justified repeating topics from the videos. Through a focus on the function that language plays in sequences of interaction, it may be possible to determine strategies for improving patient education, and, consequently positively impact patient care..

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Dannefer, Rachel, Erica Bryan, Alyce Osborne, and Rachel Sacks. "Evaluation of the Farmers’ Markets for Kids programme." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 18 (July 28, 2016): 3397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001725.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of Farmers’ Markets for Kids, a farmers’ market-based, child-oriented nutrition education programme, on attitudes and behaviours related to preparing and consuming produce among child participants and their caregivers in New York City (NYC).DesignRetrospective pre-test/post-test cross-sectional survey with caregivers of children participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids classes.SettingFour NYC farmers’ markets where Farmers’ Markets for Kids classes are implemented; these markets serve low-income communities.SubjectsTwo hundred and twelve adult caregivers of children who participated in Farmers’ Markets for Kids classes.ResultsCaregivers reported that children’s consumption of fruits and vegetables had increased since participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids and that their children more frequently assisted with food preparation; both of these improvements were statistically significant. Caregivers also reported significant improvements in attitudes: since participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids, their children were more willing to try new fruits and vegetables and caregivers found it easier to prepare fruits and vegetables for their children. Almost all respondents (99 %) reported purchasing more fruits and vegetables since participating in Farmers’ Markets for Kids and 95 % had prepared the programme’s recipes at home.ConclusionsFindings suggest that Farmers’ Markets for Kids may be an effective approach for increasing produce consumption among participating children and improving related attitudes among children and caregivers. This evaluation provides support for future efforts to undertake more rigorous evaluations of such programmes.

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Awan, Boshra, Suzanne Wicks, and Amy E. Peden. "A qualitative examination of causal factors and parent/caregiver experiences of non-fatal drowning-related hospitalisations of children aged 0–16 years." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): e0276374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276374.

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Fatal and non-fatal drowning is a significant public health issue, which disproportionately impacts children and young people. In Australia, the highest fatal and non-fatal drowning rates occur in children under five years of age. To date, little qualitative research has been conducted on non-fatal drowning, with causal factor analysis generally conducted using coronial and hospital data. This study’s aim was to identify causal factors in hospital treated cases of non-fatal drowning in children as qualitatively self-reported by parents and caregivers. Cases of unintentional child (0–16 years) non-fatal drowning admissions and Emergency Department presentations to three tertiary care paediatric hospitals in New South Wales, Australia were identified via International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding. Parents and caregivers of drowning patients were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Data were thematically coded using an inductive approach, with a focus on causal factors and recommendations for preventive approaches. Of 169 incidents, 86 parents/caregivers were interviewed. Children hospitalised for drowning were more often male (59.3%), aged 0–4 years (79.1%) and 30.2% were from household who spoke a language other than English. Qualitative incident descriptions were coded to five themes: lapse of supervision, unintended access (commonly in home swimming pools), brief immersion (usually young children bathing), falls into water and ongoing impacts. Drowning prevention recommendations were grouped under supervision, pool barriers and maintenance, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and emergency response, drowning is quick and silent, and learning swimming. Parents and caregivers of young children require ongoing education regarding supervision distractions and pool barrier compliance. Additional challenges are faced by those in rental properties with pools, parents/caregivers who cannot swim, and parents/caregivers from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Affordable, accessible, and culturally appropriate swimming lessons, water safety education and CPR training should be made more available for adult caregivers, particularly in languages other than English.

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Gallagher, Elaine, and Brad Hagen. "Outcome Evaluation of a Group Education and Support Program for Family Caregivers." Gerontology & Geriatrics Education 17, no. 1 (October 22, 1996): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j021v17n01_03.

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de l'Etoile, Shannon K. "An In-Service Training Program in Music for Child-Care Personnel Working with Infants and Toddlers." Journal of Research in Music Education 49, no. 1 (April 2001): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345806.

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The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an in-service training program in music for child-care personnel working with infants and toddlers. Results of a needs assessment determined that most child-care centers offer music activities and that caregivers would be interested in receiving training. Training materials were developed, pilot-tested, and revised. For the final training program, caregivers in a university-based child-care program attended three in-service training sessions. Evaluation of the program revealed that caregivers made significant improvements in their attitude toward and knowledge about music activities for young children. Additionally, caregivers increased their use of 9 out of 11 behaviors considered necessary for successful music activity implementation. The children in their care also increased the amount of time they were visually, vocally, and physically engaged during music activities. These results suggest that a music training program can benefit both caregivers and children.

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Northcote, Jeremy, and Peter J. Hancock. "Differences in Satifaction Ratigns of Carer-Respite Services between Carer Types: Results of a Western Australian Evaluation." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 3 (2005): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05047.

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Respite care offers caregivers a temporary relief from the duties of their caring role. This study examines whether caregivers' satisfaction ratings of the agencies that coordinate respite care services vary according to their relationship to the care-receiver. One hundred and seventy-seven clients of Australian Red Cross Carer Respite Centres in Western Australia were surveyed by telephone to determine their satisfaction levels with the information and referral services they received. Those caring for children - although expressing a generally high level of satisfaction - indicated significantly lower levels of satisfaction than other carer groups on two specific criteria: the initial provision of information and the ability of the centre to cater to all their needs. It is recommended that service providers, health practitioners and researchers alike pay close attention to different carer types in the design, implementation and evaluation of respite programs.

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Carbonneau, Hélène, Chantal D. Caron, and Johanne Desrosiers. "Développement d’un programme d’éducation au loisir adapté comme moyen de soutien à l’implication d’aidants d’un proche atteint de démence,." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 28, no. 2 (June 2009): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980809090114.

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ABSTRACTLeisure represents a positive way to keep relationships satisfactory between caregivers and a person with dementia. Adapted leisure education is a promising approach to assist the family to discover new ways to share good times with their relatives. This study aimed to develop an adapted leisure education program. It included an evaluation of the caregivers’ needs, the program content development, and a pilot study to experiment with the content of the program. Three focus groups of dementia caregivers (n = 19) were conducted to investigate caregivers needs. Based on content analysis of these focus groups and a literature review, the content of the program was developed. The pilot study (n = 4) included a quasi-experimental trial and an implementation evaluation. This study led to the development of an adapted leisure education program that puts caregiver support in a new perspective, focusing on positive aspects rather than the burden of caregiving.

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Fortinsky, Richard. "PILOT STUDY TO PRAGMATICALLY EMBED CAREGIVER DEMENTIA EDUCATION AND SUPPORT IN HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1282.

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Abstract Evidence-based interventions offering meaningful benefits to informal caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) would be attractive to office-based practitioners if pragmatic linkages could be made between these interventions and outpatient care settings. This presentation will explain experiences and lessons learned in an ongoing pilot study in which we are: pragmatically identifying and inviting caregivers of PLWD to join online dementia education and support programs; collecting and storing caregiver outcomes data into electronic health records where these data are accessible to clinicians. Participating outpatient health care settings are a geriatrics practice at UConn Health and a memory care clinic at Emory Healthcare. Caregivers recruited at both sites participate in either Tele-Savvy or Caregiving During Crisis programs. Outcomes data will inform effects of program participation on caregivers’ competence and stress, and help clinicians gain insights into caregivers’ capacity to manage PLWD. Implementation evaluation strategies and results also will be discussed.

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CARRAFA, GINO P., CYNTHIA L. SCHULTZ, and KOSMAS X. SMYRNIOS. "Differences between Anglo-Celtic and Italian Caregivers of Dependent Elderly Persons: a Pilot Study." Ageing and Society 17, no. 6 (November 1997): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x97006697.

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This paper describes a preliminary investigation of differences in family caregiving in Australia. Forty-eight Italian-born family caregivers of dependent elderly persons were compared with 461 caregivers of Anglo-Celtic origin on measures reflecting psychological health and well-being, and on a range of socio-demographic variables. The latter had participated in the national Caring for Family Caregivers (CFC) group programme; the former are residents of the Melbourne metropolitan area. Statistical tests were conducted on measures which included the Affect Balance Scale (Bradburn and Noll 1969) and the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al. 1983) and its translation (Pedrabassi and Santinello 1989). Findings indicated that Italians reported experiencing significantly less trait anxiety than Anglo-Celtic caregivers. Furthermore, significantly more Italians used community supports, were employed full-time, had lower levels of education, and reported better levels of general health than Anglo-Celtics. Implications for research and practice are drawn.

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Dow, Briony, and Sue Malta. "People with Alzheimer's disease and their spouse-caregivers: differences in perceptions of sexual satisfaction?" International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216002301.

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Older informal caregivers aged 65+ years account for 34% of all carers in the USA (Family Caregivers Alliance, 2016), 22% in England and Wales (Carers UK, 2015), and 24% in Australia (Deloitte Access Economics, 2015). For many older carers, this means looking after their spouse or intimate partner who in many cases has dementia (Donnellan et al., 2015). As the incidence of dementia increases, the need to understand the impact of caring on these intimate relationships becomes more vital, so the experiences of spousal caregivers can be anticipated, validated, and supported. It is also important to understand the gender differences in these care relationships, so that education and services can be tailored to meet the different needs of men and women caregivers. Sexual activity in later life is associated with both mental and physical health (Ganong and Larson, 2011; Anderson, 2013), and is therefore, important to maintain, perhaps even in the context of caring for someone with dementia.

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Jordan, Meggan, I. Magaly Freytes, Tatiana Orozco, Stuti Dang, and Constance R. Uphold. "EVALUATION OF THE RESCUE PROGRAM FOR REDUCING STROKE CAREGIVER STRESS AND IMPROVING PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.409.

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Abstract Research shows that caregiver interventions that combine problem-solving with psycho-education are the most effective for addressing stroke caregiver concerns. The Resources and Education for Stroke Caregivers’ Understanding and Empowerment (RESCUE) program, designed to reduce caregiver stress, depression, and burden, developed as a result of this evidence. A 4-week telephone and web-based clinical demonstration project led by registered nurses was established as part of the VHA Office of Geriatrics and Extended Care’s Non-Institutional Long Term Care Initiative. The goals of this clinical demonstration were to improve problem-solving skills and provide individualized support for stroke caregivers. A single-group pre and post-test design was used and 72 caregivers of veterans with stroke completed the intervention; qualitative and quantitative methods were used for evaluation. The outcome variables were caregiver depressive symptoms, problem-solving abilities, burden, health-related quality of life and care recipient functional abilities. Post-tests were conducted 2-6 weeks after the intervention. The evaluation found that there were statistically-significant decreases in caregiver depressive symptoms and burden from pre- to post-test assessments. Caregivers’ negative problem orientation significantly decreased. The other components of problem-solving abilities did not change. Qualitative data revealed how the program increased caregivers’ confidence in problem-solving which led to new strategies to relieve stress. Interviews also revealed how the intervention affected caregivers in unexpected ways, such as improved intimate relationships and new perspectives on caregiving. The preliminary effectiveness and barriers and facilitators of implementing a stroke caregiver program will be discussed.

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Lee, S., E. Tan, R. Cairns, L. Smith, and J. Cheung. "O036 Melatonin down-scheduling: An exploration of caregiver and pharmacist perspectives towards melatonin use in school-aged children and adolescents." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A14—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.035.

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Abstract Background Melatonin is a widely used paediatric sleep-aid. Recent regulatory changes in Australia have widened public access to proprietary melatonin products through community pharmacies. Yet little is known about how pharmacists and caregivers have responded to these regulatory changes. This study aims to explore the impact of melatonin down-scheduling on caregivers and pharmacists. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted in a convenience sample of caregivers with school-aged children/adolescents taking melatonin, and community pharmacists/interns. Participants completed an online questionnaire and were given an option to participate in an in-depth semi-structured interview. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework Approach to identify emergent themes. Results 53 surveys were returned (caregivers, n=41; pharmacists, n=12). Caregivers (mean age=44.5±5.6; 98.0% female) reported moderate carer burden (18.8±6.8 points) and commonly cared for children (mean age=11.7±2.9) with comorbid autism spectrum disorder (n=18;43.9%) and ADHD (n=17;41.5%). Pharmacists (mean age=28.9±9.6; 71.4% female) handled 12.9±12.4 sleep-related enquires/day and received direct requests for melatonin 19.5±15.9 times/week. Preliminary analyses identified three key themes: (1) product cost and formulation availability; (2) differing safety endpoints; and (3) gaps in patient/clinical education. Caregivers and pharmacists highlighted the need for affordable proprietary products with flexible dosing options. The “naturalness” of melatonin was often conflated with long-term safety by caregivers, and lower abuse/misuse potential by pharmacists. Targeted melatonin education resources were needed for both caregivers and pharmacists. Conclusion Findings allude to the need to further refine existing educational, clinical and distribution/supply processes involved around melatonin products used in school-aged children/adolescents.

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Lee, Ock Jae, Kyeong-Sook Yim, Youngju Kim, and Hyung-Sook Kim. "Evaluation of Home Connected Toothbrushing Education Program for Young Children in Gyeonggi Province." Research Institute of Human Ecology 26, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36357/johe.2022.26.2.99.

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Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of home-connected toothbrushing education for young children living in a part of Gyeonggi Province. Methods: The program, comprising three steps, was repeated three times using the same educational theme. Step 1 involved visiting education with teaching tools by a dietician. Step 2 involved repeated education by a preschool teacher. Step 3 involved home education with a worksheet by main caregivers. The effects before and after education were evaluated for 161 infants (female, 95; male, 66) aged 2-6 years. Frequencies were calculated and a paired t-test was conducted to identify changes in behavior before and after home-connected toothbrushing education. Results: In terms of gender, the main caregivers comprised 151 women (93.8%) and 10 men (6.2%). Of these, 150 (93.2%) were mothers, 10 were fathers (6,2%), and 1 was a grandmother (0.6%) in terms of relationship to the children. The average score of oral healthcare knowledge of the main caregivers was 1.81 out of 2. A total of 46.6% of the children were educated at home more than once a day, 18.6% two to three times per week, 16.1% four to five times per week, 14.9% six to seven times per week, and 3.7% less than once a week. The frequency of “brushing teeth after meals” increased from an average of 1.72 days per week before education to 4.08 days per week after education (p<.001). However, the frequency of “brushing teeth more than three times a day” did not change following the education. Conclusion/Implications: Home-connected toothbrushing education may be effective in improving children’s oral health.

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McLean, Karen, Susan Edwards, and Ana Mantilla. "A review of community playgroup participation." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 45, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1836939120918484.

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Community playgroups, which are one type of playgroup and early childhood service, operate on a weekly basis under the leadership of volunteer caregivers (including parents, kinship members, family-day carers and other adults in children’s lives). Caregivers and children voluntarily attend and participate in community playgroups. Although community playgroups operate throughout Australia and similar models exist internationally, little is known about the benefits and/or otherwise of community playgroup participation for children, families and communities. A review of the research into community playgroup participation, specifically research investigating children and families’ participation in community playgroups published between 2000 and 2018, is reported in this paper. The findings from the five peer-reviewed papers identified through the search provide directions for further research needed to build the evidence base for community playgroup participation.

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Wulff-Burchfield, Elizabeth Marie, Maryellen Potts, Katherine Glavin, and Moben Mirza. "A qualitative evaluation of a nurse-led pre-operative stoma education program for bladder cancer patients." Supportive Care in Cancer 29, no. 10 (March 4, 2021): 5711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06093-0.

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Abstract Introduction Radical cystectomy remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Postoperative ostomy education is common, but patients struggle to maintain self-management practices. A preoperative ostomy education program was developed to meet this need, and we conducted a qualitative study with participating patient-caregiver dyads to evaluate the educational and psychosocial impacts of the program and examine alignment with program objectives. Materials and methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted utilizing a thematic analysis approach. Sixteen patients, eighteen caregivers, and three program educators completed semi-structured interviews from 3 to 18 months post the program. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thirteen end-of-course surveys from the initial educational program cohort were transcribed, coded, analyzed; this data was triangulated with patient, caregiver, and educator interviews. Results Analysis uncovered three themes: (1) Patient and caregiver motivation to attend the program, (2) attitudes toward this life-changing event, and (3) education. For theme 1, patients and caregivers cited lack of knowledge, fear, and concern about ostomy surgery and care as motivation. For theme 2, there were a variety of attitudes toward the ostomy, ranging from avoidance to acceptance, and a similar breadth of attitudes toward caregiving, with some patients and caregivers describing ongoing dependence and other patients seeking complete independence. For theme 3, the interactive curriculum was determined to be effective, and the patient advocate was cited as the most memorable program component. Conclusions A formal preoperative ostomy education program employing an interactive educational approach and featuring a patient advocate can prepare bladder cancer patients and caregivers for ostomy self-management and post-ostomy life.

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Uzun, Yasemin. "An Evaluation on the Education of Turkish Language in Australia." International Journal of Progressive Education 15, no. 4 (August 2, 2019): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2019.203.2.

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Midford, Richard, and Nyanda McBride. "Evaluation of a national school drug education program in Australia." International Journal of Drug Policy 10, no. 3 (June 1999): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-3959(99)00006-7.

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Caal, Selma, Kristin Moore, Kelly Murphy, Elizabeth Lawner, Angela Rojas, and Alex DeMand. "Abriendo Puertas: Evaluation of a Parent Education Program for Latinos." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 41, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986319839994.

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This study examined the impact of the Abriendo Puertas parent education program among a large sample of low-income, Latino parents and caregivers of preschool children. In all, 922 parents were randomly assigned to the program ( n = 468) or a waitlist control group ( n = 454). Pretest data and posttest data (5-6 weeks postintervention) from parents (86.4% response rate) were collected from both the treatment and control groups. At each time point, parents reported on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to enhancing their children’s school readiness. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess the factorial validity of each survey scale, and path analyses were conducted to compare the outcomes of the treatment and control groups. In addition, to assess fade-out of program affects among treatment parents, follow-up data were collected 3 months postintervention. Intent-to-treat analyses found that, compared with the control group, the treatment group adopted parenting practices that enhanced preschool children’s preparation for school, gained knowledge about high-quality early child care and education settings, improved their ability to set goals for their children, and gained an appreciation for their role as models for their children. No differences were found between the control and treatment groups on parenting practices related to emotional expression, parental advocacy, or healthy behaviors. Results indicate that the Abriendo Puertas program improved parents’ and caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Results of this evaluation help build the evidence base on culturally relevant parenting programs for Latino parents of preschoolers.

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Glueckauf, Robert L., Timothy U. Ketterson, Jeffrey S. Loomis, and Pat Dages. "Online Support and Education for Dementia Caregivers: Overview, Utilization, and Initial Program Evaluation." Telemedicine Journal and e-Health 10, no. 2 (June 2004): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2004.10.223.

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Haas, Niina, DerShung Yang, and Ana Maria Lopez. "Embodying patient-centered communication: An eHealth prototype and evaluation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.152.

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152 Background: An eHealth prototype was developed to embody the principals of Patient-Centered Communication espoused by National Cancer Insitute (NCI). The prototype provides patients with features that support access to their “care” (medical records, symptom reporting and monitoring tools, calendar, treatment schedule), “team” (bio, roles, contact info for care team), “education” (reputable articles, videos, tools), and “community” (local classes, events, support groups, forums). This prototype was evaluated in terms of its usefulness and usability. Methods: The prototype was evaluated through two usability evaluation sessions. 13 cancer patients, 4 caregivers, and 12 cancer health care providers were recruited. During a 30-45 minute session, each subject viewed the prototype and completed a survey about the prototype’s usability and usefulness. The survey included 29 items with Likert scales ranging from 0 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree). Descriptive statistics were generated. Results: The results were categorized according to group (patient, caregiver, and provider) and section of prototype (overall, care, team, community, education). The patients rated the prototype higher in terms usefulness and usability across all user groups/sections except for the education section, which was rated highest by providers (Table). Conclusions: The positive feedback on several aspects of the prototype from different user groups indicates that our prototype met our objectives of being useful, easy-to-use, and adding value to the cancer patient’s care journey. Interestingly, there is a difference in the perceived value of the prototype’s different sections among each user group. The patients placed higher value on the “Care” features (medical records, symptom reporting and monitoring tools, and treatment schedule) and “Team” features (bio, roles, contact info for care team) than providers, and caregivers. Whereas providers most valued education content as opposed to patients and caregivers who ranked the team content as most important. [Table: see text]

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Sorin, Reesa. "A Comparative Study of Early Childhood Fear and Caregivers' Responses to Fear in Australia and Canada." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 30, no. 4 (December 2005): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910503000406.

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Brailsford, Jennifer, Sophia Sheikh, Jason Beneciuk, Monika Patel, Brittany Johnson, Robin Moorman Li, Phyllis Hendry, and Natalie Spindle. "RE-AIM EVALUATION OF A VIRTUAL “AGING WITH PAIN” INTEGRATIVE HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 858–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3072.

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Abstract Literature suggests integrative pain management strategies reduce chronic pain and opioid use. However, many older adults are unaware of these options. The Aging and Integrative Pain Assessment and Management Initiative (AI-PAMI) launched in 2020, providing webinars and recorded presentations on integrative pain management for adults > age 50, caregivers and healthcare providers. The RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework was used to evaluate AI-PAMI via the following measures: participant demographics, survey results, program elements and qualitative findings. Reach: There have been > 20,000 views of recorded content and 48% (885/1,859) of registrants attended a live webinar. Effectiveness: Survey results demonstrate 75% of providers and 73% of older adults/caregivers reported new knowledge gain; and 80% of providers and 60% of older adults/caregivers reported changing their pain management practice/routine. Adoption: Presentations were delivered by 33 multidisciplinary experts from 12 different institutions. Six regional stakeholders promoted AI-PAMI using their dissemination networks. Implementation: The COVID-19 pandemic changed program delivery from an in-person model to virtual. To date, AI-PAMI has delivered 17 live webinars and 25 recorded presentations. Live webinars are delivered with a didactic, Q&A discussion and follow-up email. To refine AI-PAMI, 11 healthcare providers and 16 older adults participated in focus groups or in-depth interviews. Maintenance: AI-PAMI is in its third year and will be maintained under a long-standing institution-wide program. Website content will be sustained and remain free access. AI-PAMI is a valuable educational resource for older adults, caregivers, and healthcare providers. Virtual delivery is accommodating for a post-COVID environment.

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Hill, Anne, Railton Hill, and Susan Moore. "Product Evaluation in a Social Marketing and Community Development Context: A Case Study and Initial Report." Social Marketing Quarterly 15, no. 2 (May 22, 2009): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000902957318.

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We provide an initial report and case study of product evaluation for social marketing undertaken specifically within a “community development” context. Starting Points is a highly differentiated not-for-profit development program targeting parents/caregivers of 0—4-year-olds. Parents/caregivers self select to participate in four highly interactive two-hour sessions, usually across a number of weeks, located within their own communities. The project was developed in Melbourne, Australia, and is being delivered in many communities across the nation. The service product evaluated is essentially the enhancement of parental confidence, achieved through parental/caregiver participation in the community-based programs which are initiated, marketed, and delivered by peer facilitators. The article locates such evaluation within the program evaluation and marketing audit literatures, describes the product evaluation component of the research design, and reports preliminary empirical results. These suggest that the Starting Points product is perceived both by participant parents and their partners as resulting in significant increases in parental confidence, sustained well past the immediate postparticipation period. These results provide one critical empirical element of a thorough service evaluation, itself a step toward a thorough-going social marketing auditing process.

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Malek, Lenka, Hazel Fowler, Gillian Duffy, and Lisa Katzer. "Informed choice or guessing game? Understanding caregivers’ perceptions and use of infant formula labelling." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003178.

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AbstractObjectiveAlthough breast-feeding is the recommended way to feed an infant, a safe and nutritious substitute for breast milk is needed for infants who are not breast-fed. Labelling information on infant formula (IF) products aims to enable caregivers (who have already made the decision to use IF) to make informed product choices. Yet, there is limited data on how caregivers understand and use the information provided on IF packaging. The present study aimed to increase understanding of caregivers’ interpretation and use of the following label elements on IF products: the nutrition information statement; the ingredients list; and statements around nutrition content and health claims.DesignQualitative data were obtained from twenty-one focus group discussions. To enable comparison of findings by education level and ethnicity, focus group participants were homogeneous with respect to educational attainment (Australian groups) or ethnic background (New Zealand groups).SettingFocus groups were conducted in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia and New Zealand.ParticipantsCaregivers (n 136) of formula-fed infants.ResultsFramework analysis revealed that caregivers commonly experience difficulties when using labelling information, particularly when trying to identify and understand key differences between products. Moreover, comparing products can be a complex task regardless of education level and ethnicity.ConclusionsFurther research is required to determine the most effective strategies for meeting information needs of caregivers and allowing easier identification and understanding of product differences. This is especially important given that the vast range of IF products across large price ranges in the market adds to the complexity of purchase decisions.

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Dalal, Anuj K., Patricia C. Dykes, Sarah Collins, Lisa Soleymani Lehmann, Kumiko Ohashi, Ronen Rozenblum, Diana Stade, et al. "A web-based, patient-centered toolkit to engage patients and caregivers in the acute care setting: a preliminary evaluation." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 1 (August 2, 2015): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv093.

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Abstract We implemented a web-based, patient-centered toolkit that engages patients/caregivers in the hospital plan of care by facilitating education and patient-provider communication. Of the 585 eligible patients approached on medical intensive care and oncology units, 239 were enrolled (119 patients, 120 caregivers). The most common reason for not approaching the patient was our inability to identify a health care proxy when a patient was incapacitated. Significantly more caregivers were enrolled in medical intensive care units compared with oncology units (75% vs 32%; P < .01). Of the 239 patient/caregivers, 158 (66%) and 97 (41%) inputted a daily and overall goal, respectively. Use of educational content was highest for medications and test results and infrequent for problems. The most common clinical theme identified in 291 messages sent by 158 patients/caregivers was health concerns, needs, preferences, or questions (19%, 55 of 291). The average system usability scores and satisfaction ratings of a sample of surveyed enrollees were favorable. From analysis of feedback, we identified barriers to adoption and outlined strategies to promote use.

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Effendy, Christantie, Endar Kurianto, Anisa Rayu Ike Darmayanti, Uki Noviana, and Intansari Nurjannah. "Palliative Care Education to Enhance Informal Caregivers’ Skills in Caring for Patients with Cancer: A Scoping Review." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, G (January 2, 2022): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7796.

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Background: Living with cancer causes stress for both patients and caregivers. Empowering family caregivers is critical in palliative care. It is well known that a lack of proper knowledge and training of informal caregivers is a barrier to palliative care provision at home. Objectives: This scoping review aimed to explore palliative care education to enhance informal caregiver skills in caring for cancer patient. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted with systematic searches in multiple databases – PubMed, Cochrane, PsycINFO and SCOPUS (2000 to 2021). Studies were selected based on programmes content and its impact evaluation. Findings: The remaining 181 citations were examined at full-text level; 173 studies did not meet inclusion criteria, yielding eight included papers. Four papers focused on palliative care educational programs for family caregivers, and four papers included patients and caregivers. There was a diverse variation in the mode of delivery and duration of educational input. The programs offered an insight into the main elements of working with individuals at a palliative care bundle. Most studies reported that participants improved their knowledge, self-efficacy, and competency and prepared for their roles. Conclusion: The findings indicate the need of family caregivers for more regular and reliable palliative education programs. Randomized controlled trials with rigorous randomization processes, more significant sample numbers and more appropriate control groups focused explicitly on caregiver education may improve the evidence.

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Charters, Jodie, and Susan “Boon Murray. "Design and Evaluation of a Leisure Education Program for Caregivers of Institutionalized Care Recipients." Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 22, no. 4 (October 2006): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013614-200610000-00008.

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Burden, Trina, Judy Sheeshka, Margaret Hedley, Donna S. Lero, and Susan Marsh. "Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Nutrition Education Program for Informal (Unlicensed) Child Caregivers." Journal of Nutrition Education 32, no. 2 (March 2000): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(00)70527-9.

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Sawan, Mouna, Yun-Hee Jeon, Christine Bond, Timothy Chen, Sarah Hilmer, and Danijela Gnjidic. "Caregivers’ Perspectives of Medication Management Advice for People With Dementia at Hospital Discharge." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.667.

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Abstract People with dementia admitted to hospitals are more likely to be exposed to inappropriate polypharmacy and experience worse outcomes than people without dementia. Family and informal caregivers play an important role in managing medications across transitions of care; however, studies describing the experiences of medication guidance provided to caregivers at hospital discharge are limited. We have explored caregivers’ perceptions on the quality of and factors that influence caregiver participation in medication guidance at discharge. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 29 caregivers of people with dementia across Australia by telephone. Purposive sampling was used to ensure maximum variation of diverse perspectives. Content analysis was used to derive themes. Three themes were derived from analysis: inconsistent approaches to provision of medication information at discharge, caregiver awareness to advocate for the care recipient and managing competing priorities. Some caregivers reported inadequate information was provided because the information was communicated to the patient without the caregiver being present. Other caregivers stated a medication list, discharge summary and discussion with a healthcare profession provided useful information. Caregiver involvement in discussions on medication guidance at discharge was influenced by caregiver awareness to advocate for the care recipient to ensure medication safety and managing competing priorities at the time of discharge to manage stress. Caregivers flagged the need to establish structured caregiver education at discharge and community-based services to manage medications safely. Future studies are needed to explore development of resources to caregiver encourage participation during medication guidance at discharge.

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Larsen, Marianne A. "A Critical Analysis of Teacher Evaluation Policy Trends." Australian Journal of Education 49, no. 3 (November 2005): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494410504900306.

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Modernising the teaching profession has become one of the main goals of contemporary educational system reform. The evaluation of teachers has been integral to the new teacher quality policies and programs. This article provides a comparative and critical analysis of the evaluations that teachers now confront during their professional careers. Examples of teacher evaluation practices and processes from Australia, Canada, the United States, and England are described and analysed.

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Viajar, Rowena V., Julieta B. Dorado, Glenda P. Azaña, Heidenhein A. Ibarra, Eldridge B. Ferrer, and Mario V. Capanzana. "Process Evaluation of Nutrition Intervention Strategy in a Local Philippine Setting." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272091540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720915407.

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Aims: Undernutrition among 0 to 5 years old children remains a public health problem in the Philippines. This process evaluation study documented and examined the implementation of an intervention strategy for young children. Methods: Complementary feeding of 6-month to 2-year-old children was implemented for 120 days by the municipalities of Plaridel and Pulilan in Bulacan, Philippines utilizing local-based food made of rice and mung bean along with nutrition education classes among mothers/caregivers using the developed nutrition modules. A total of 121 mother-/caregiver-child pairs were the program participants of the intervention. Pre-post design were used in the analysis of quantitative data. Qualitative data were encoded verbatim manually using emerging themes. Key informant interviews among community workers and municipal officials and focus group discussions among mothers/caregivers and community workers were conducted to gather the needed data. Results: The municipalities adhered to the program phases of planning, organizing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. At end-line, the weight of children participants increased in both municipalities and the mean nutrition knowledge scores of mothers/caregivers increased significantly ( P < .05). Conclusions: This process evaluation confirmed that the proposed nutrition intervention strategy for young children can be implemented at the local level. The strong support and active cooperation of the local program implementers and mothers/caregivers and adherence to program requirements were the key factors in the efficient implementation of the intervention. For sustainability, the passing of local ordinance for the adoption of intervention and budget support for implementation of the intervention is recommended.

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Turpin, T. "Academic research evaluation in Australia: some implications of proposed higher education reforms." Research Evaluation 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154400781777386.

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George, Ajesh, Gillian Lang, Maree Johnson, Allison Ridge, Andrea M. de Silva, Shilpi Ajwani, Sameer Bhole, et al. "The evaluation of an oral health education program for midwives in Australia." Women and Birth 29, no. 3 (June 2016): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.10.004.

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Foster, Kim, Kim Usher, Lauretta Luck, Nikki Harvey, and David Lindsay. "Learning from experience: an evaluation of an external nursing course in regional Australia." Innovations in Education and Teaching International 45, no. 2 (May 2008): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14703290801950369.

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McGaw, Barry. "How can evaluation contribute to educational policy? the uses of information in Australia." Prospects 28, no. 1 (March 1998): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02737784.

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Zhang, Weizheng. "The Effects of Teach Back Method on Caregivers’ Strain in Handling Patients with Prolonged Immobilization." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-iynvjnmh.

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Background: Caregivers’ strain mainly comes from lack of relevant care knowledge and nursing skills. Traditional health education is just a one-way information transmission mode without evaluation and feedback. Objective: To help caregivers’ memory, the researcher utilized a quasi-experimental design to measure the effectiveness of the teach-back method on caregivers’ strain in handling patients with prolonged immobilization. Method: A total of forty caregivers were averagely assigned into treatment (Teach-Back) and comparison group (traditional). Participant’s Data Sheet, The Zarit Burden Interview and Teach Back Assessment Tool was used to gather data. Results: There was a significant difference in caregivers’ strain before and after the Teach-Back Method in treatment (p<0.001) and comparison group (p <0.001). Likewise, a significant difference existed after the Teach-Back Method in the treatment group (p <0.001). Conclusion: The Teach-Back Method is an effective intervention in reducing caregivers’ strain in handling patients with prolonged immobilization.

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Lopert, Ruth, and Rosalie Viney. "Revolution then evolution: The advance of health economic evaluation in Australia." Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen 108, no. 7 (2014): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2014.08.020.

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Ashcroft, K., and B. Insua-Summerhays. "Interim results of remotely provided, one-on-one, tailored psycho-education and skills training to caregivers of patients with mental health difficulties." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s281—s282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.755.

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In the past several decades, considerable evidence has emerged on the efficacy of caregiver and family interventions in the treatment of severe and enduring mental health disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Studies have demonstrated benefits of these interventions with regard to both reduced rates of burden in caregivers, and a reduction in relapse and improvement in symptoms of the person with psychosis. However, many caregivers who may benefit from such interventions are unable to access them, due to limited resources and geographical factors. Additionally, concerns about stigma and time constraints may deter caregivers from accessing support. The following study is among the first to address these barriers using a remotely delivered, one-on-one caregiver intervention. Caregivers (n = 93) of patients with severe and enduring mental health difficulties took part in a tailored psychoeducation and skills training intervention, consisting of weekly 40 minute videoconference or telephone sessions with a trained clinician. Caregivers completed the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) at baseline, and eight sessions (mid treatment). It was hypothesized that caregivers would show a reduction of distress and burden in response to the intervention. Interim comparison of pre- versus 8th session measures demonstrated a highly significant reduction in GHQ scores (P < 001), as well as a highly significant reduction in IEQ scores (P < 001). Results suggest that remotely provided, one-on-one, tailored psycho-education and skills training may be an effective and accessible intervention to improve the well-being of, and decrease burden in, caregivers of mental health patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Jarvis, Keri. "Swanson's Theory of Caring: An Application to the Role of Nursing Education." International Journal for Human Caring 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.23.3.266.

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Swanson's Theory of Caring emerged from three phenomenological studies carried out in three separate perinatal contexts. Contexts included women who had miscarried, neonatal intensive care unit caregivers, and mothers deemed socially at risk.Swanson identified five caring processes or constructs in the miscarriage study: knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining belief. This author conducted a field exercise to test whether the five constructs comprising Swanson's Theory of Caring could be applied to students' evaluation of faculty. The results indicated that students could apply Swanson's Theory of Caring to the evaluation of faculty.

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