Дисертації з теми "Cardiovascular screening"
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Ouyang, Victoria(Victoria S. ). "Scalable integrated screening tools for cardiovascular disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129918.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 114-117).
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for more than 17.9 million deaths per year. Atherosclerosis, characterized by stiffening of the arteries, is the precursor to heart attacks and strokes, which cover 85% of all CVD mortalities. Since the disease is largely asymptomatic, a major challenge remains in screening for at-risk individuals. Existing screening tools primarily rely on questionnaires which do not account for ethnicity and require blood pressure and cholesterol readings. Thus, there is a crucial need for low-cost, non-invasive screening tools, especially in low-resource areas where people do not have access to routine clinical exams and blood tests. To address these shortcomings, this thesis presents a scalable integrated CVD screening toolkit that is practical and can be deployed in a real-world setting.
We have developed Android mobile apps and hardware capable of performing pulse wave analysis (PWA) and measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) using PPG techniques. The analysis algorithms are configured to run on a custom server that is able to handle large amounts of medical data. In this thesis, I describe the PWA and PWV algorithms, the mobile applications associated with these measurements, and their integration with a custom server. To validate these new algorithms, data was used from two separate clinical studies conducted by our group. For PWA, I analyzed PPG waveforms from young athletic people, young non-athletic people, old healthy people, and old CAD patients, which resulted in median PWA Scores of 3.51 (0.57), 3.19 (0.78), 1.98 (0.66), and 1.81 (0.5) respectively. From these results, the PWA tool demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to distinguish between the four different cardiovascular health classifications.
Based on a larger clinical study with 100 subjects at the Sengupta Hospital and Research Institute in Nagpur, India, I found that PWV in the central artery behaves differently from the PWV in peripheral muscular arteries. The study showed that central aortic PWV is a good indicator of atherosclerosis and coronary arterial disease. Using these results, I demonstrated that our machine learning algorithm is able to reliably distinguish healthy patients from non-healthy with an AUC of 0.83 (0.18).
by Victoria Ouyang.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ma, Botong. "Developing a low-cost cardiovascular mobile screening kit." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121679.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 148-159).
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and 80% of CVD deaths occur in lower and middle-income countries. While many CVD risk factors can be improved by behavioral change or low-cost medication, a major challenge remains in identifying at-risk patients since most people are asymptomatic. Thus, low-cost non-invasive diagnostic tools are crucial in low-resource areas without routine blood tests or regular clinical exams. This thesis presents a low-cost cardiovascular screening kit that focuses on signs of arterial stiffening, the root issue of many CVDs. Since pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse wave analysis (PWA) features were known to be correlated with arterial stiffening, we developed a Python API that would extract these features from the pulse waveforms collected using the devices in our screening kit. Using these features, we also trained a machine learning algorithm to accurately identify patients that are at-risk. We confirm the usefulness of PWV and PWA features for CVD screening, and anticipate that as the number of training data points increase, our machine learning model will enable individuals to live a healthier lifestyle.
by Botong Ma.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Ritchie, L. D. "Computer assisted cardiovascular risk factor screening in general practice." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593353.
Повний текст джерелаPetersson, Ulla. "Screening for Cardiovascular Risk and Diabetes in Primary Health Care : The Söderåkra Risk Factor Screening Study." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Allmänmedicin, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17692.
Повний текст джерелаPandya, Ankur. "Optimizing Cardiovascular Disease Screening and Projection Efforts in the United States." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10160.
Повний текст джерелаLink-Malcolm, Jessica. "Health message framing : motivating cardiovascular risk factor screening in young adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9066/.
Повний текст джерелаLink-Malcolm, Jessica Kelly Kimberly. "Health message framing motivating cardiovascular risk factor screening in young adults /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9066.
Повний текст джерелаVanhook, Patricia M. "Cardiovascular and Stroke Education and Risk Factor Screening in the Rural Setting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7440.
Повний текст джерелаPignatelli, Niccoló Pasquale Luigi Maria. "Design of a mobile kit for cardiovascular disease screening in resource constrained environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111241.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 161-176).
In the past few decades global health has improved significantly and many countries have started to move away from high mortality rates due to infectious diseases. This trend has however been accompanied by an increase in chronic disease incidence, in particular Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). In countries that are making this epidemiological transition, such as India, chronic diseases are also a hindrance to economic health as a large portion of deaths occur when people are still active in the work force. There are various policies that may be implemented to curb the burden of CVDs. These include population based approaches and high risk management strategies. In this thesis, the design of a mobile CVD Screening Kit to aid the screening of high risk subjects by low-skilled health workers is described. Focusing on India, a fertile ground where a mobile tool-kit may be implemented was identified at the intersection of: 1. Strong health worker schemes in primary care, 2. The diffusion of mobile phone technology and 3. Well developed CVD risk management strategies. The tools that constitute this CVD Screening Kit were tested at Sengupta Hospital and Research Institute, Nagpur, India. These tests showed that there is potential to develop the CVD Screening Kit further into a commercial product. The main advantage of the CVD Screening Kit developed is that, differently from standard CVD risk factor analysis, it measures the root issue of many CVDs, i.e. arterial stiffness. Therefore, the CVD Screening Kit brings complex clinical analysis capabilities, that are generally only available in equipped hospitals, to the hands of low-skilled health workers working in primary care centers. Although the CVD Screening Kit is still at an early stage of development, how it may be implemented in current public and private health programs that tackle CVDs, is also analysed in this thesis. Furthermore, it is discussed that introducing mobile phones to healthworkers, who are mostly female, may have a slow but strong impact on the independence and leadership of women.
by Niccoló Pasquale Luigi Maria Pignatelli.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
Nasser, Zeina. "Outdoor air pollutants and cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/221755.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Eborall, Helen Claire. "Lay attitudes towards cardiovascular risk in the context of screening, prevention, and trial participation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24550.
Повний текст джерелаSimpson, Wendy M. "Psychological factors predicting health behaviour : the response to risk factor screening for cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13356.
Повний текст джерелаZühlke, Liesl. "Computer-assisted auscultation as a screening tool for cardiovascular disease : a cross-sectional study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11714.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
Cardiac auscultation is inherently qualitative, highly subjective and requires considerable skill and experience. Computer- assisted auscultation (CAA) is an objective referral-decision support tool that aims to minimise inappropriate referrals. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of 2 CAA systems, Cardioscan® and Sensi®, in detecting echo-confirmed cardiac abnormalities in 79 consecutive patients referred for assessment to a tertiary cardiac clinic. CAA demonstrated suboptimal sensitivity and specificity in detecting cardiac abnormalities in children and adults. As both systems demonstrate 100% sensitivity in detecting acyanotic heart disease, and theoretically carry significant potential in resource-limited settings, further development of current technologies to improve sensitivity and specificity for clinical applications is still warranted.
Morrison, Barbara Nicole. "Evaluation of pre-participation screening and cardiovascular risk assessment in Masters athletes in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58726.
Повний текст джерелаMedicine, Faculty of
Graduate
Crutchley, James E. B. "Automation and scale-up of human induced pluripotent stem cell models of cardiovascular disease for drug screening." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32207/.
Повний текст джерелаGlowny, Michelle G. "Engagement in Family Screening for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." eScholarship@UMMS, 2018. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/57.
Повний текст джерелаHenriksson, Martin. "Cost-effectiveness and Value of Further Research of Treatment Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9788.
Повний текст джерелаRiding, Nathan. "The effect of ethnicity and body size on the athlete's heart and their impact on cardiovascular pre-participation screening." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4586/.
Повний текст джерелаKenney, Shelby R. "Development of a high throughput small molecule screen using Staphylococcus aureus invasion of cells." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/404.
Повний текст джерелаNarazaki, Genta. "Directed and systematic differentiation of cardiovascular cells from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells and their application to chemical screening." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142050.
Повний текст джерелаRowland, Janice. "The impact of a single brief intervention versus multiple contact lifestyle intervention on change in body weight and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in adults who have undertaken cardiovascular risk screening." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ef8c63c9-630b-4eb4-baa9-9bf2b40541f7.
Повний текст джерелаVisagie, Claude. "Screening for abnormal heart sounds and murmurs by implementing neural networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3119.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is concerned with the testing of an “auscultation jacket” as a means of recording heart sounds and electrocardiography (ECG) data from patients. A classification system based on Neural Networks, that is able to discriminate between normal and abnormal heart sounds and murmurs, has also been developed . The classification system uses the recorded data as training and testing data. This classification system is proposed to serve as an aid to physicians in diagnosing patients with cardiac abnormalities. Seventeen normal participants and 14 participants that suffer from valve-related heart disease have been recorded with the jacket. The “auscultation jacket” shows great promise as a wearable health monitoring aid for application in rural areas and in the telemedicine industry. The Neural Network classification system is able to differentiate between normal and abnormal heart sounds with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 94.1%.
Åsenlund, Ewa. "Riskfaktorer och bukaorta aneurysm : en beskrivande och korrelerande studie av två årskullar 65-åriga män som genomgått screening av bukaorta." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9795.
Повний текст джерелаAsomaning, Margaret. "Impact of a Wellness Clinic Visit on Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Employees of a VA Medical Center." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3713.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Alexandre da Costa. "Estudo do polimorfismo genético C242T no gene da p22phox e a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares na doença arterial coronária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-29012009-092655/.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of risk stratification approaches in coronary artery disease is certainly an important tool for the clinical cardiologist or internist. It also helps in the planning of public health policies and in the development of effective disease management algorithms. Nevertheless, these tools necessarily have to be developed in a cost-effective scenario and in close relationship with its intrinsic economic value. The present research project aims at the identification of genetic risk factors for cardiovascular events in the Brazilian population and the development of an algorithm with high predictive value for the diagnosis of these events. This thesis is, didactically, divided into 2 modules. Firstly, we have exemplified the used paradigm through the development of a genetic association study conducted in the Brazilian population. Here, we were able to describe and characterize genetic variants with the capacity of risk stratify populations into high and low risk groups. This section was possible with the use of data derived from patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease and the analysis of the C242T gene variant of the p22phox gene, a subunit of the NADPH oxidase protein complex. Our data show not only a major signal of association between this genetic variant and overall mortality in this population, but also shed light on the potential molecular mechanism of this finding. Secondly, we have described the potential limitations of this approach analyzing information derived for the individual patient. Here, we propose a new risk stratification algorithm for this population with the capacity to provide individual risk with increased sensitivity and specificity. Through the use of a dimensionality reduction analytical approach we were able to find a predictive algorithm with higher accuracy than the one derived with the use of only classical cardiovascular risk factors and no genetic information. The understanding of the genetic basis for cardiovascular disease will improve not only the early diagnosis of these disorders, facilitating the rise of therapeutic approaches more specific and tailored to ones particular genetic susceptibility, but also lead to the identification of new pathways for effective intervention
Fisher, Leslie Reginald. "Evaluation of high-throughput methodology for multi-gene screening in patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17896.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries and is considered the hepatic manifestation of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Its heterogeneous nature ranges from hepatic steatosis through steatohepatitis to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis where the ingestion of significant amounts of alcohol has been excluded. The disease profile of NAFLD and its necro-inflammatory subset Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) were described in the parent study, which provided a clinically well-characterised patient cohort for the present investigation. South African patients with NASH had significantly higher mean serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels than those with fatty liver only. The objective of this study was to implement a high-throughput real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in our laboratory to enable the assessment of cardiovascular genetic risk factors in NAFLD patients. The specific aims were to determine the clinical utility and perform analytical validation of each mutation included in the multi-gene cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening assay. The Pathology Supported Genetic Testing (PSGT) concept developed at our department provides a practical approach to personalized medicine. The CVD multi-gene screen analyses key metabolic pathways relating to atherogenic dyslipidaemia, chronic inflammation, hypercoagulation and iron dysregulation implicated in insulin resistance, which is known to be a universal factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Deleterious low-penetrance mutations in the APOE (APOE2 and E4 alleles), MTHFR (677C>T and 1298A>C), F2 (20210G>A), FV (1691G>A, Leiden) and HFE (C282Y and H63D) genes were included for analysis due to their important role as genetic contributors to these biological processes. A total of 178 patients diagnosed with NAFLD and 75 controls were studied using direct DNA sequencing and a RT-PCR system for mutation detection. In addition, two patients with high ferritin levels were included as case studies. A significant association was found between HFE mutations and elevated Alanine Transaminase (ALT) levels in the NAFLD population (p = 0.04). This discovery is interpreted as the identification of a subset of patients at greater risk of developing progressive liver damage who would benefit most from genetic testing to direct more aggressive therapy at an earlier stage. The necessity of an integrative, systems-based network approach was demonstrated to more accurately distinguish between Hereditary Haemochromatosis (HH) and Insulin Resistance-associated Hepatic Iron Overload (IR-HIO) syndrome in obese patients. The PSGT approach to personalized medicine facilitates diagnosis of CVD subtypes, prevention of cumulative risk and the formulation of gene-based intervention programs tailored to the needs of the patient. These findings support the clinical utility of the CVD multi-gene test to guide chronic disease risk management in patients with NAFLD. The HFE mutation detection component of this test is of particular relevance in directing an effective treatment strategy in patients with a medical history of CVD and/or high iron stores.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie-Alkoholiese Vettige Lewer Siekte (NAFLD) is die mees algemene kroniese lewer siekte in Westerse lande en word bestempel as die hepatiese manifestasie van die Metaboliese Sindroom (MetS). Die heterogene natuur van NAFLD strek van hepatiese steatose deur steatohepatietis tot gevorderde fibrose en sirrose waar grootskaalse alkohol inname uitgesluit is. Die siekte-profiel van NAFLD en sy nekro-inflammatoriese subtipe Nie-Alkoholiese Steatohepatietis (NASH) is reeds beskryf in die ouer studie, wat ‗n klinies goed-gekarakteriseerde pasiënt groep vir die huidige ondersoek daar gestel het. Suid-Afrikaanse pasiënte met NASH het beduidend hoër gemiddelde serum cholesterol en trigliseried vlakke in vergelyking met slegs vettige lewer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om ‗n hoë deurvoer rieëltyd polimerase kettingreaksie (RT-PCR) metode in ons laboratorium te implimenteer om kardiovaskulêre genetiese risiko faktore in NAFLD pasiënte te ondersoek. Die spesifieke mikpunte was om die kliniese nut en analitiese geldigheid van elke mutasie wat ingesluit is in die multi-geen kardiovaskulêre siekte (KVS) siftings toets vas te stel. Die Patologie Ondersteunde Genetiese Toetsing (PSGT) konsep wat by ons departement ontwikkel is, verskaf ‗n praktiese benadering tot persoonlike medisyne. Die KVS multi-geen toets analiseer belangrike metaboliese weë verwant aan atherogene dyslipidemie, kroniese inflammasie, oormatige bloedstolling en yster disregulering wat betrokke is by insulien weerstand wat bekend is as ‗n universele factor in the patogenese van NAFLD. Nadelige lae-penetrasie mutasies in die APOE (APOE2 en E4 allele), MTHFR (677C>T en 1298A>C) F2 (20210G>A), FV (1691G>A, Leiden) en HFE (C282Y en H63D) gene was ingesluit vir analise as gevolg van hul belangrike rol as genetiese bydraers tot die bogenoemde biologiese prosesse. ‗n Totaal van 178 pasiënte gediagnoseer met NAFLD en 75 kontroles is bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van direkte DNA volgordebepaling en ‗n RT-PCR metode vir mutasie opsporing. Twee pasiënte met verhoogde ferritien vlakke is ook as gevalle studies ingesluit. ‗n Beduidende assosiasie is gevind tussen HFE mutasies en verhoogde Alanien Transaminase (ALT) vlakke in die NAFLD studiepopulasie (p = 0.04) wat aanduidend is van ‗n subgroup van pasiënte wat die meeste baat sal vind uit genetiese toetsing om meer aggressiewe behandeling te rig op' n vroeër stadium. Die noodsaaklikheid van 'n geïntegreerde, stelsels-gebaseerde netwerk benadering is gewys om meer akkuraat te onderskei tussen Oorerflike Hemochromatose (HH) en Insulien Weerstand-geassosieerde Hepatiese Yster Oorlading (IR-HIO) sindroom in vetsugtige pasiënte. Die PSGT benadering tot persoonlike medisyne formuleer geen-gebaseerde intervensie programme aangepas tot die behoeftes van die pasiënt ek maak diagnose van KVS-subtipes en voorkoming van kumulatiewe risiko moontlik. Hierdie bevindinge ondersteun die kliniese nut van die KVS multi-geen toets om riglyne vir die risikobestuur van kroniese siektes soos NAFLD daar te stel. Die HFE mutasie opsporings komponent van hierdie toets is van besondere belang om 'n effektiewe strategie vir die behandeling van pasiënte met 'n mediese geskiedenis van KVS en/of hoë yster vlakke daar te stel.
Sensi, C. "LCAT MOLECULAR MODELING:APPLICATIONS TO STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS AND TO INHIBITOR DISCOVERY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216122.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Pãmela Rodrigues de Souza. "Programa de seguimento de coorte de pacientes com hipercolesterolemia familiar na região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-09052018-103651/.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease characterized clinically by high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in the bloodstream since childhood. Individuals with FH can develop atherosclerotic disease at a young age. The main predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in these individuals after entering a genetic screening program are not known in our population. In addition, FH is underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide and cascaded genetic screening of family members has been evaluated globally as the most cost effective for the diagnosis of FH. However, the effectiveness of cascading genetic screening is dependent on the clinical entry criteria of the first individual in the family and there is no consensus as to which criterion shows the best accuracy for detecting a mutation. Objectives: To identify the determinant factors for cardiovascular (CV) events in all individuals in the cohort and to evaluate the clinical criteria for detecting a genetic variant pathogenic to FH in the first individual of the family after being inserted into a genetic screening program in cascade. Methods: Open prospective cohort study of patients who were enrolled in the cascade genetic screening program for FH. The study population is defined as index case (IC), the first of the family to be clinically identified and referred to the genetic test, and relatives, who are the first-degree relatives of the IC in which a genetic alteration was found. All individuals are inserted into the cohort at the moment they receive the genetic report (time zero, T0). The first follow-up telephone contact is made one year after T0 (first year of follow-up, T1). Results: In T1, a total of 818 subjects were included, and 47 CV events were verified, of which 14 (29.7%) were fatal. For IC, the only factor independently associated with the increased risk of CV events in T1 was the presence of a corneal arch (OR: 9.39; 95% CI: 2.46-35.82). For relatives with positive mutation, factors associated with increased risk of CV events were diabetes mellitus (OR: 7.97; 95% CI: 2.07-30.66) and tobacco consumption (OR: 3.70; 95% CI: 1.09-12.50). In the analysis of the best clinical criteria for the detection of a pathogenic mutation in the IC, the LDL-C values >= 230 mg/dL had the best relationship between sensitivity and specificity. In the ROC curve analysis, the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) score performed better than LDL-C to identify a mutation, the area under the ROC curve was 0.744 (95% CI: 0.704-0.784) and 0.730 (CI 95 %: 0.687-0.774), respectively, p = 0.014. Conclusion: At one year follow-up this cohort identified a high incidence of CV events following entry into a cascade genetic screening program and the predictors of CV events differ between IC and family members. These results may contribute to the development of preventive actions in this group highly susceptible to individuals. In addition, because of the importance of detecting the mutation for a definitive diagnosis of HF and the importance of the cascade being cost effective, the study identified that the single LDL-C criterion >= 230 mg / dl is feasible to indicate IC for the genetic test
Böhm, Birgit Verfasser], Renate Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberhoffer, and Arno [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schmidt-Trucksäss. "Risk screening and exercise interventions in pediatric prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Links between carotid intima-media thickness and physical fitness / Birgit Böhm. Gutachter: Renate Maria Oberhoffer ; Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss. Betreuer: Renate Maria Oberhoffer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031076042/34.
Повний текст джерелаRomero-Albino, Zoila Olga, Rafael Omar Domínguez-Samamés, Maritza Ortiz-Arica, and María Sofía Cuba-Fuentes. "Need to review sanitary interventions promoted by the government for women in Peru." Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655700.
Повний текст джерелаRevisión por pares
Palma, Cátia Cristina Silva Sousa Vergara. "Estudo de prevalência de disfunção tireoidiana em pacientes com diabetes mellitus acompanhados no ambulatório de diabetes do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6114.
Повний текст джерелаO diabetes mellitus(DM) e as disfunções tireoidianas(DT) são as duas desordens endocrinológicas mais comuns na prática clínica. A DT não reconhecida pode interferir no controle metabólico e adicionar mais risco a um cenário predisponente à doença cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da DT em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e tipo 2 (DM1 e DM2) e avaliar o risco cardiovascular em pacientes com DM2 com e sem DT utilizando parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de corte transversal. Foram avaliados 304 pacientes com DM2 e 82 pacientes com DM1. Os pacientes foram submetidos a um inquérito clínico-demográfico e avaliação laboratorial para determinação do perfil lipídico, glicídico e da função tireoidiana. Os pacientes com DM2 tiveram seus escores de risco cardiovascular em 10 anos determinados pelas equações de Framingham e do UKPDS risk engine. A frequência de disfunção tireoidiana entre os 386 pacientes foi de 14,7%, sendo de 13% nos que não possuíam disfunção prévia. A disfunção mais frequente encontrada foi de hipotireoidismo subclínico, com 13% no DM1 e de 12% no DM2. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-tireoperoxidase (TPO) positivos foi de 10,8%, sendo de14,6% em pacientes com DM1.Foram diagnosticados 44 (11,2%) novos casos de disfunção tireoidiana em pacientes que negavam ou desconheciam terem DT prévia.Destes novos casos, 12,8% em DM1 e 13,1% em DM2.Dos 49 pacientes com DT prévia, 50% dos DM1e 76% dos DM2 estavam compensados. Não foi observada diferença entre as médias do escore de risco de Framingham entre os pacientes DM2 com eutireoidismo e com hipotireoidismo subclínico. Observou-se uma associação entre o hipotireoidismo subclínico e risco cardiovascular nos pacientes com DM2 demonstrado pela diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias do escore UKPDS para doença coronariana não-fatal e fatal, acidente vascular cerebral fatal entre os dois grupos (p=0,007; 0,005;0,027 respectivamente). As demais funções tireodianas (hipotireoidismo clínico, hipertireoidismo clínico e subclínico) encontradas não foram analisadas devido ao pequeno número de pacientes em cada grupo.Concluímos que o rastreio da doença tireoidiana entre os pacientes com diabetes mellitus deve ser realizado rotineiramente considerando-se a prevalência de novos casos de DT diagnosticados e o fato de que os pacientes com DM2 e com hipotireoidismo subclínico avaliados possuírem um risco cardiovascular maior. Todavia, concluímos que estudos prospectivos e com maior número de pacientes são necessários para o esclarecimento do impacto da doença tireoidiana no risco cardiovascular do paciente com DM.
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction (TD) are the two most common endocrine disorders in clinical practice. The unrecognized TD may adversely affect the metabolic control and add more risk to an already predisposing scenario for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TD in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) and to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of patients with T2DM with and without thyroid dysfunction using clinical and laboratory parameters. This is an observational cross-sectional study. We evaluated 304 patients with T2DM and 82 patients with T1DM. The patients underwent a clinical-demographic survey and laboratory evaluation to determine the lipid and glycemic profile and thyroid function. Patients with T2DM had their 10 years cardiovascular risk scores determined by Framingham equations and the UKPDS risk engine. The frequency of TD among the 386 patients was 14.7% and 13% who denied previous TD. The most frequently TD was subclinical hypothyroidism, in 13% of patients with T1DM and in 12% of patients with T2DM.The prevalence of anti-TPO antibodies was 10.8%, being more frequently among patients with T1DM (14.6%). Forty-four (11.2%) new cases of TD were diagnosed during the study in patients who denied or were unaware of this clinical condition. Of the 49 patients with prior TD,50% of the T1DM and 76% of T2DM were compensated. No differencies were observed between the mean scores of the Framingham risk among patients with T2DM who had normal thyroid function compared to those with subclinical hypothyroidism. An association between subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients was found by statistically significant difference between the mean UKPDS scores for non-fatal and fatal CHD and fatal stroke between the two groups (p = 0,007;0,005;0027; respectively). The other TD (clinical hypothyroidism, clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism) found were not analyzed due to the small number of patients in each group.We conclude that screening for thyroid disease among patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely performed considering the prevalence of new cases diagnosed and the fact that patients with DM2 and subclinical hypothyroidism evaluated had a higher cardiovascular risk. However, prospective studies and with more patients are warranted to determine the impact of thyroid dysfunction in the cardiovascular risk of patients with diabetes.
Smitherman, Emily A. "Improving Quality of Care for Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Cardiovascular and Bone Health Screenings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535381218464551.
Повний текст джерелаSaaristo, T. (Timo). "Assessment of risk and prevention of type 2 diabetes in primary health care." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514297113.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Diabetes on yksi nopeimmin lisääntyvistä elintapasairauksista maailmassa. Sitä ei vielä voida parantaa, mutta tieteellisissä tutkimuksissa on kiistattomasti osoitettu, että sitä voidaan tehokkaasti ehkäistä elintapamuutoksilla. Diabeteksen ehkäisystä käytännössä on hyvin niukasti tutkimustietoa. Tämä väitöskirja tuo kaivattua lisätietoa aiheesta. Väitöstutkimuksen päätavoitteena oli selvittää diabeteksen riskitekijöiden ja piilevien diabetesta ennakoivien sokerihäiriöiden yleisyyttä suomalaisessa aikuisväestössä. Tämän ohella tavoitteena oli selvittää voidaanko yksinkertaisella elintapaneuvonnalla vähentää sellaisten henkilöiden sairastumisvaaraa, joilla oli suuri riski sairastua diabetekseen. Lisäksi arvioitiin diabetesriskitestin kykyä tunnistaa ennakoivat sokerihäiriöt ja aiemmin tunnistamaton diabetes. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin laajoja suomalaisia väestötutkimusaineistoja: FINRISKI-2002 -tutkimusta, sen alaotosta ja D2D-väestötutkimusta 2004–2005. Mukana oli myös pitkittäisasetelma ja laajamittainen interventio. Tutkimuksen perusteella huomasimme, että lihavuus ja sokerihäiriöt ovat hyvin yleisiä keski-ikäisillä suomalaisilla. Merkittävästi lihavia (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) oli 24 % miehistä ja 28 % naisista ja poikkeava sokeriaineenvaihdunta oli 42 %:lla miehistä ja 33 %:lla naisista. Tunnistamaton diabetes oli 9 %:lla miehistä ja 7 %:lla naisista. Suuressa diabetekseen sairastumisvaarassa oli neljäsosa 45−64-vuotiaista. Interventioon otettiin yli 10 000 suuressa diabeteksen sairastumisriskissä olevaa henkilöä, 3 379 miestä ja 6 770 naista. Miehistä 43 % oli suuressa sairastumisvaarassa myös sydän- ja verisuonisairauteen ja 42 % suuressa kuolemanvaarassa Framingham- ja SCORE-riskilaskureilla arvioituna. Tyypin 2 diabeteksen sairastumisriskin arviointiin kehitetty Riskitesti ennusti hyvin myös diabeteksen esiintymistä väestössä. Elintapainterventioiden vaikutusta painoon ja sokeriaineenvaihduntaan analysoitiin vuoden seurannassa sellaisilla henkilöillä, joilla oli suuri diabetesriski. Paino laski 5 % tai enemmän 17,5 %:lla, jolloin sairastumisriski diabetekseen väheni 69 % verrattuna ryhmään, jonka paino ei muuttunut. Tutkimuksen perusteella lihavuus, sokerihäiriöt ja tunnistamaton diabetes ovat yleisiä keski-ikäisessä väestössä. Riskitesti on hyvä työkalu myös diabeteksen seulonnassa. Perusterveydenhuollossa tarjottavalla elintapaneuvonnalla voidaan saada aikaan laihtuminen, joka vähentää sairastumisvaaraa diabetekseen
Gianella-Borradori, Matteo Luca. "The identification & optimisation of endogenous signalling pathway modulators." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4c87de5d-24a7-4998-8edb-917c3922aae1.
Повний текст джерелаTron, Laure. "Comportements de santé en lien avec le risque de comorbidités parmi les personnes vivant avec le VIH en France." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066507/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the era of combined antiretroviral therapy, the burden of HIV-related morbidity/mortality has decreased while other health conditions are of growing concern among HIV-infected people. Cancer screening uptake and management of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, lack of physical activity, obesity) are two major components in the prevention of those comorbidities among HIV-infected people. Analysis of data from the ANRS-Vespa2 survey showed that levels of cancer screening uptake were not lower among HIV-infected people compared to the general population. However, the level of cervical cancer screening uptake within the past year was suboptimal and the level of colorectal cancer screening uptake was low. Low educational attainment and immunodepression were correlated with a lower level of screening uptake for gynecological cancers. Furthermore, more than half of the HIV-infected population was exposed to at least one behavioral cardiovascular risk factor. Intravenous drug users and men who have sex with men were particularly prone to addictive behaviors (and lack of physical activity) and risk factors were often combined. Sub-Saharan African migrant women were mainly exposed to obesity and insufficient physical activity. Those behaviors were associated with social status and certain characteristics of the HIV-infection. This thesis allows to better understand the frequency and correlates of those health behaviors among the various sub-groups of people living with HIV and provides evidence to improve the prevention of comorbidities in order to reduce their burden on the health of those living with HIV
"Development, validation and application of HO-1-u-1 cell line for sublingual drug absorption screening." Thesis, 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075021.
Повний текст джерелаFirstly, the use of the HO-1-u-1 cell culture for screening sublingual drug delivery was validated. The cells were seeded on cell culture inserts. The integrity of cell layers, inter-passage variation and directionality were assessed by measuring the resistance and the permeability of standard markers, beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers. The effect of pH, osmolarity and a permeation enhancer (GDC) were also studied. The results showed that HO-1-u-1 cells grown on inserts formed stratified and epithelial-like structure that preserved the typical histological feathers of the normal human sublingual epithelium. The maximal integrity was reached in 23 days. The Papp of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers ranged from 2.89+/-0.17 x 10 -6 cm/s to 6.37+/-0.37 x 10-6 cm/s. The permeability of selected beta-blockers under different pH, osmolarity and GDC revealed that enhancing effects were significant for hydrophilic compounds but less for lipophilic compounds.
Secondly, fresh porcine sublingual mucosa was prepared and compared to the cell line model. Good correlations were obtained for both the Papp of beta-blockers and the enhancement ratios of pH and GDC between the two models.
The aims of the present study are (1) to develop and validate a human sublingual epithelial cell line model and (2) to demonstrate the application in sublingual development of cardiovascular drugs.
Thirdly, the steady-state flux (Jss) at various pH levels were measured. Results show that saturated propranolol solution at pH 7.0--7.6 resulted in a much higher Jss than the solution at other pHs. These data led to the development of theoretical equations for predicting the optimum pH (pHmax) for ionizable compounds. The calculation fitted well with the experimental data.
Wang Yanfeng.
Advisers: Moses S. S. Chow; Zhong Joan Zuo.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Lin, Pei-Ching, and 林佩青. "Statistical Analysis of Age-onset for Cardiovascular Diseases based on Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening Study." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2mgyd6.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
統計學研究所
103
Cardiovascular diseases are among the top 10 causes of death in Taiwan. In the thesis, we aim to study the age-onset for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using the data collected by the Keelung community-based integrated screening study. All the subjects were free of CVD when they just entered the study and later were examined whether they developed CVD during the study period. Such a selection process, however, produces sampling bias. Therefore we analyze the data by statistical methods which account for the effects of left truncation and right censoring. We obtain nonparametric estimators of the age-onset distribution and then conduct regression analysis under the Cox proportional hazard model. Besides data analysis, we also perform simulations to examine the sensitivity issue when the truncation effect is ignored.
Adelekan, Adeboye Mutiu. "Establishment of screening procedures for genetic disorders and risk factors in the South African Caucasian population." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26738.
Повний текст джерелаTu, Jui Chu, and 涂瑞珠. "Relationship between Cardiovascular Disease and Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss -Based on a Community Health Screening in Taipei County." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77148184870646644179.
Повний текст джерела高雄醫學大學
口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班
94
Abstract Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a very common oral disease among adults. Epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between PD and chronic systemic disease. However, studies relating PD to chronic systemic disease were limited. Study Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship of PD and CVD. Participants comprised 297 adults aged above 35 years from Taipei County in 2004. The statistical analyses were conducted by SAS JMP to determine the relationship between oral disease and chronic systemic disease. Results: The results showed the prevalence rate of PD among men and women was 69%. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) increased with older age and (lower) education level. Serious periodontal attachment loss was related to increasing in age. Furthermore, decrease of the remaining number of teeth also correlated with lower education level and the elderly age group. For smokers and non-smokers, logistic regression analysis illustrated the relationship between CVD with PD, periodontal attachment loss and remaining teeth. Non-smoking subjects with higher education levels or with CVD had a 0.55-times and 2.24-times of risk for having PD respectively, than non-smoking subjects with lower education levels or without CVD. Non-smoking subjects aged 50-64 or with higher education levels had a 1.81-times and 0.36-times of risk for having periodontal attachment loss than non-smoking subjects aged 35-49 or with lower education levels. CPTIN and periodontal attachment loss in women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) were higher than women without CVD (p-value = 0.0013;p-value = 0.0126). CPTIN and periodontal attachment loss in areca quid, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking user groups showed no significant difference with those groups who had never used areca quid, cigarette or alcohol. In comparison with women, the CPTIN and periodontal attachment loss were poor in men with CVD and having used areca quid. Conculsions: Oral health is a part of general health condition. It also reflects on good chewing function and balances nutrition in the human body. When CVD is a threat, the cost of treatment is very high. As the group of elderly is growing rapidly, oral health and periodontal disease prevention needs to be emphasized. Key Word: periodontal disease, cardiovascular disease, smoking
Hung, Chung-Lieh, and 洪崇烈. "Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy and Cost-Effectiveness of Various Screening Tools on Projected Intermediate-to-High Cardiovascular Risk." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22496162834615691047.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
健康政策與管理研究所
99
Abstract Background Owing to the high costs spent annually in cardiovascular diseases, there is an urgent need in identifying subjects at an early stage based on view point of preventive medicine. The development of a cost-effective screening tool with adequate diagnostic accuracy is thus crucial. Goals To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of various cardiovascular screening tools in the estimation of intermediate-to-high risk Framingham risk score (FRS) subjects in asymptomatic population. Materials and Methods We consecutively studied 1200 asymptomatic subjects who underwent health evaluation from 2005-2009. FRS was calculated in all participants based on age, gender, blood pressure, body surface electrocardiography, medical histories, life styles and lipid profiles. We also assessed metabolic scores by additional anthropometric information. Data regarding high-sensitivity C reactive protein (Hs-CRP) serum level and carotid artery Doppler in assessing intima-media-thickness (IMT) and plaque existence were also obtained and correlated with FRS. Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness analysis were then conducted among these different tools aiming at a more efficient screen of intermediate-to-high Framingham risk population. Results Of all, totally 1101 participants (mean age: 50.6 ± 10.4, 38.6% women) were finally entered in our study. Higher Framingham risk score was associated with higher metabolic risk scores, higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, elevated level of Hs-CRP, higher IMT thickness and higher prevalence of carotid artery plaque existence (all p<0.001 by linear regression or chi square test). In general, male had higher FRS than female gender, as well as higher metabolic risks scores, larger IMT (all p<0.001) though similar prevalence of carotid artery plaques (p=0.134). There was no gender-related difference in Hs-CRP level (p=0.15). By using metabolic score equal or larger than 1 as a cut-off, there seemed to be a very high sensitivity (94.43%, 95% CI: 92.05 - 96.27) in identifying a subject with intermediate-to-high Framingham risk score while the best specificity (98.27, 95% CI: 97.24 - 98.99) was achieved by utilizing carotid IMT equal or larger than 1mm as a cut-off. In addition, a metabolic score cut-off of 2, Hs-CRP of 0.101mg/dL and IMT of 0.65mm seemed to have the highest sum of both sensitivity and specificity. Compared to carotid artery study and metabolic score calculation, Hs-CRP with a cut-off value 0.1 seemed to have lowest cost (1519.3 NTD) in identifying an intermediate-to-high Framingham risk subject with highest screening cost occurred (62222.2 NTD) per positive case by simply using carotid echo-defined abnormal IMT (>=1mm). Conclusion Though diagnostic accuracy may differ to some degree by using different cut-off values in various studies, a low metabolic score has the best sensitivity with abnormal IMT had highest specificity in screening a subject at risk for future cardiovascular diseases. In addition, setting a low Hs-CRP serum level seemed to have the best cost-effectiveness in asymptomatic population.
Marsay, Carina. "A retrospective review of state sector outpatients (Tara Hospital) prescribed olanzapine: adherence to metabolic and cardiovascular screening and monitoring guidelines." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8990.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction Antipsychotics are used for the treatment of psychotic disorders, most commonly schizophrenia, as well as mood disorders e.g. bipolar mood d isorder. The efficacy of the newer second generation (atypical) antipsychotics is equivalent to first generation antipsychotics. The apparent advantage of the second generation antipsychotics is related to their purported reduced side effect profile, thus making them more desirable due to improved compliance and relapse prevention. The limiting factor with this class of drugs, especially in the state sector in South Africa, has been the cost. However, reports of treatment-emergent adverse events such as diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in patients receiving second generation antipsychotics have increased in recent times. This has lead to growing concern about the link between metabolic complications and their use, with consequent reconsideration of the implications of prescribing. Aims The study aimed to establish the extent to which metabolic and cardiovascular screening and monitoring has been undertaken on patients who have been prescribed olanzapine, a second generation antipsychotic. Specifically the extent to which the American Diabetes Association Consensus Conference monitoring protocols were being implemented in a specialist psychiatric South African setting i.e.: at Tara: The H. Moross Centre’s outpatient department. Objectives The study objectives were to describe the demographic profile, clinical diagnosis and risk factors for metabolic complications in a sample of patients receiving olanzapine. Further, to establish the extent to which metabolic and cardiovascular screening and monitoring has been undertaken on patients prescribed olanzapine as well as to what extent the patients’s demographics, diagnosis and metabolic risk factors influenced the treating doctor’s adherence to screening guidelines. Method This study was undertaken at Tara: The H. Moross Centre (outpatient department). A convenience sample of patients prescribed olanzapine were selected as the study group. The study involved a review of case records. It was a retrospective descriptive study. Relevant data was entered on a data sheet, designed for the study in accordance with the objectives and adapted from the American Diabetes Association Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs, Obesity and Diabetes. The data sheet is based on an existing protocol for monitoring metabolic status. v Frequencies for the presence or absence of evidence of screening or monitoring for metabolic complications were established, as per American Diabetes Association monitoring protocol requirements. Although the study involved outpatients, not all patients were intiated on olanzapine as outpatients i.e. some of the prescribing was inpatient initiated. Results The sample comprised of 19 females and 20 males. 48.72% female and 51.28% male. The mean age of females in the sample was 52.38 years (SD=16.20) and the mean age of males was 41.28 (SD=17.05) years. The sample were predominantly single ( 61.54% n=24 ) with the majority being white (79.49% n=31 ); most had either tertiarty (43% n=17 ) or secondary (53.85% n =21 ) level of education. Only 2.56% (n=1) had only primary level education. With regards to the diagnoses of patients in the sample, 17,95% (n=7) were diagnosed with bipolar 1 disorder, 7.69% (n=3) with major depressive disorder with psychosis, 20,51% (n=8) schizoaffective disorder and 53,84% (n=21) with schizophrenia. The percentage of screening for all the parameters was generally less than 20% and it continued to decline to less than 20% until 4 months. The exception was weight, where frequency increased slightly over time. Comparing inpatient vesus outpatient initiated treatment there were apparent differences in the extent of screening i.e. greater for inpatient initiated treatment, specifically with respect to weight and blood pressure. Conclusion The current study was conducted in a very specific setting, but the findings demonstrated an area requiring attention i.e. adherence to acceptable clinical guidelines. Whilst one can only speculate on the basis for non-adherence, having established the status quo, there is a requirement for an appropriate strategy to address the deficit, given the implications of inadequate monitoring.
Abrahams-Gessel, Shafika. "An examination of the ability of community health workers to effectively conduct community-based screening for cardiovascular disease in South Africa, Guatemala, and Mexico." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/19526.
Повний текст джерела"Self-reported anthropometric tools for screening children with overweight/obesity status and a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075410.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-150).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese; some appendixes in Chinese.
Rodrigues, Ana Catarina Lopes de Castro. "Morte Súbita e o Desporto." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8376.
Повний текст джерелаIn addition to the unquestionable benefits of sports practice on our health, in some cases, strenuous exercise may increase the risk of acute cardiac events. The Heart, as any other muscle in the body, is an organ that adapts to effort through hypertrophy and maximizing function. Therefore, an athlete may have functional, structural and electrocardiographic cardiac alterations, commonly known as “Athlete’s Heart”, which represent nothing more than a physiological adaptation to exercise. However, sometimes, these adaptations may evolve to pathological changes that increase the risk of acute cardiac events during sports that may ultimately culminate in sudden death. Sudden death is defined as a natural death occurring within one hour after acute onset, whether or not it occurs in the presence of underlying heart disease, however presentation may be timid and not necessarily expected. The main risk factors for sudden cardiac death are: age, males and blacks. The main causes of sudden death in athletes are varied and depend on the demographic region and the age of the athlete. Being hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the most common cause in the USA, Arrhythmogenic Dysplasia of the Right Ventricle in Italy and Coronary Disease in athletes over 35 years of age. The pre-competitive evaluation of athletes includes clinical history and physical examination. The use of the electrocardiogram as a first line test for the cardiovascular screening of these athletes is still much discussed, and the high number of false positives is the main objection to its use. The definition of specific criteria for the evaluation of the athletes' electrocardiograms came as an answer to this problem, significantly reducing errors of interpretation. In 2006, the "Seattle Criteria" were created to distinguish typical physiological changes in the athlete's heart from pathological changes with increased risk of sudden death. It is essential to train health professionals in this area and to adapt sports facilities so that immediate assistance can be given in case of an acute fatal event. It is also imperative that each country carry out a study about the main etiologies of sudden death of its athletes so that the most appropriate preventive strategies may be applied.
Крищишин, Василь Володимирович, та Vasyl Kryshchyshyn. "Розробка мобільного застосунку для діагностування серцевих захворювань". Bachelor's thesis, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35789.
Повний текст джерелаQualification work is devoted to the development of a mobile application for diagnosing heart disease. The purpose of this qualification work of the educational level "Bachelor" is to increase the level of awareness of citizens and medical staff about the condition of their heart through the implementation of functional capabilities of automated recognition of heart disease. In the first section of the qualification work of the educational level "Bachelor" the analysis of the subject area is carried out. The task of developing a mobile application for diagnosing heart disease has been completed. The methods and tools and data set used in the process of developing a mobile application for diagnosing heart disease are described. In the second section of the qualification work of the educational level "Bachelor" the algorithm of work of the mobile application is developed. A description of the training and observation procedure with the development of appropriate diagrams is offered.
ВСТУП 7 1 ПРЕДМЕТНА ОБЛАСТЬ, МЕТОДИ, ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ТА НАБІР ДАНИХ 8 1.1 Аналіз предметної області 8 1.2 Постановка завдання 11 1.3 Методи та інструменти 14 1.4 Набір даних 17 1.5 Висновок до першого розділу 18 2 РОЗРОБКА ТА ТЕСТУВАННЯ МОБІЛЬНОГО ЗАСТОСУНКУ ДЛЯ ДІАГНОСТУВАННЯ СЕРЦЕВИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ 19 2.1 Алгоритм роботи мобільного застосунку 19 2.2 Опис процедури навчання та спостереження 22 2.3 Результати роботи мобільного застосунку для діагностування серцевих захворювань 29 2.4 Тестування юзабіліті мобільного застосунку для діагностування серцевих захворювань 31 2.5 Аналіз результатів проведеної розробки мобільного застосунку для діагностування серцевих захворювань 32 2.6 Висновок до другого розділу 33 3 БЕЗПЕКА ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ, ОСНОВИ ХОРОНИ ПРАЦІ 34 3.1 Природне середовище і його забруднення 34 3.2 Вимоги пожежної безпеки при гасінні електроустановок 36 3.3 Висновок до третього розділу 37 ВИСНОВКИ 38 ПЕРЕЛІК ДЖЕРЕЛ 39
Viveiros, Catarina Cordeiro. "Rastreios Cardiovasculares - Perspetiva do Doente." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/89524.
Повний текст джерелаIntrodução: A prevenção secundária tem mantido um crescente impacto na população e éimportante perceber de que forma é que esta altera as atitudes de cada indivíduo em relaçãoà sua saúde, uma vez que este tipo de prevenção pode ter grande influência na população,quando submetida a intervenções diagnósticas e sobretudo terapêuticas desnecessárias.Objetivo: Perceber como é que os resultados dos rastreios cardiovasculares afetam ocomportamento da população, qual a importância que lhes é atribuída em contraponto àspráticas que contribuem para um estilo de vida saudável.Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal através da aplicação de um questionário com 11perguntas elaborado com base na bibliografia consultada sobre o tema. Foi estudada umaamostra de conveniência de 190 pessoas que frequentavam Unidades de Saúde e outroslocais públicos da região de S. Miguel, Açores. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritiva einferencial, segundo o tipo e a normalidade de dados, para estudo da amostra no softwareSPSS, versão 25 da IBM, com p<0,05 como nível de significância.Resultados: Para 95,6 % dos inquiridos há aceitação em realizar rastreio cardiovascularsempre que lhes é proposto verificando-se uma elevada percentagem de confiança nosresultados (99,4%) e nos conselhos dados após se submeterem aos rastreios (98,9%). Amaioria (73,1%) afirmou que é mais importante ter uma boa alimentação e atividade física doque fazer análises. As gerações mais velhas dão mais importância aos exames médicos doque as gerações mais novas que demonstram uma clara preferência por um estilo de vidasaudável. A frequência de consultas no Centro de Saúde no último ano mostrou-se maiselevada nas Classes sócio-económicas mais baixas.Conclusão: Foi possível verificar que existem insuficiências por colmatar na área daPromoção da Saúde da Prevenção da Doença, contudo, continua a ser atribuída importânciaà prática de estilos de vida saudáveis, principalmente pelos mais jovens. O papel do médicona vertente de educação para a saúde é essencial e pode vir a contribuir para uma melhoriana perspetiva do doente em relação à influência dos hábitos saudáveis na atenuação dosfatores de risco.
Introduction: The secondary prevention has a crescent impact in the population so beingimportant to notice in what way this alters each individual's attitudes regarding its relation tohis/her health, since pervention can have an great influence in the population, allthoughsometimes submitting it to unnecessary diagnostic interventions and therapeutics.Objective: To notice how the results of proposed cardiovascular screenings affect thebehavior of the population and the perceived importance in detriment of practices thatcontribute to a healthy lifestyle.Methods: Observational study through the application of a 11 questions questionnaire basedin the revised bibliography. A convenience sample of 190 people that frequent Health Unitsand other public places in S. Miguel, Azores was studied. Adapted descriptive and inferencialstatistics were performed with a p<0,05 as level of significance.Results: Of those inquired 95,6% accept the submission to a cardiovascular screeningwhenever it is proposed. We verified na elevated percentage of trust in the screening results(99,4%) and in the advice given after they’ve been submited to the screenings (98,9%). For(73,1%) it is more important to have a good nutrition and physical activity then to do bloodtests. The oldest generations pay more importance to the medical examinations than theyongest generations that showed an evident preference for a healthy lifestyle. The frequencyof consultations with the general practitioner doctor in the last year was higher among lowersocio-economic classes.Conclusion: There are flaws to be filled in the area of Health Promotion and DiseasePrevention. However, importance continues to to be attributed to the practice of healthylifestyles, mainly by the youngest generations. The doctor's role in health education is essentialand it can contribute to the its improvement in the patient’s perspective because of its influencein healthy stiles for risk factors reduction.