Дисертації з теми "Card"
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1
BERGVALL, ARVID, and DARIUSH KHAILTASH. "The Card Dealer : A card shuffling and dealing robot." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279790.
Анотація:
The Card Dealer is a machine designed to replace the dealer role in card games. The dealer is either a person hired to only deal the cards, usually found in casinos, or one of the players participating in the game. The Card Dealer will allow the players to fully concentrate on the game instead of having to deal cards. In this thesis it is explored how to build a machine that is able to shuffle a deck of cards to a satisfying degree of randomness, and then deal a correct amount of cards to the correct amount of players. This is achieved through the use of three motors. One motor shuffling the deck, another rotating the whole machine around the z-axis and a third ejecting a single card to the player.The Card Dealer är en maskin designad för att ersätta rollen som givare inom kortspel. Givaren är antingen en person anlitad för att endast dela kort, vanligen i kasinon, eller så är det en av de medverkande spelarna som delar. The Card Dealer tillåter alla spelare att koncentrera sig på spelet utan att behöva dela kort. I den här avhandlingen undersöks det hur man ska gå till väga för att bygga en maskin som kan blanda en kortlek till en tillfredsställande grad av slumpmässighet, och att sen dela ut korrekt mängd kort till korrekt mängd spelare. Det uppnås genom användning av tre motorer. En motor blandar leken, en som roterar hela anordningen runt z-axeln, och en tredje som kastar ut ett kort till spelaren.
2
Vadakke, Kunninmel Gokuldev. "Chemically Programmed Memory Card and PC Connected Memory Card Reader." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-18577.
Анотація:
Inkjet-printed memory cards have been developed previously by re-searchers at Mid Sweden University but, these did possess some limita-tions, as each resistive memory cell required one physical contact and the resistances were designed to be electrically programmed.This work overcomes the above limitations by developing chemically programmed printed memory cards and a PC connected memory card reader. Printed memory cards are inexpensive and are developed by inkjet printing the nano-silver ink onto the photo paper substrate. A matrix readout method is used to increase the num-ber of memory cells and, by using a chemical solvent, the resistances were programmed to the desired resistance values and, for which, each resistance value represents data on the cards, called, write once read many (WORM) memories. The memory card reader was developed to access the data (resistance value) of the memory card and also to trans-mit the data to a LabVIEW graphical user interface for displaying the resistance values. By using multiple resistance steps, in which each step represents a different state, it is possible to create a number of possible selectable combinations which can be programmed at a later stage for developing applications.
3
Porter, Jim, and Tom Meyers. "CARD-BASEDTELEMETRY RECEIVERS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608824.
Анотація:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaEmbedded "Card-Based" receivers are one of the latest innovations in telemetry reception. These products provide substantial power and flexibility in a small form factor (one slot, PC or VME). In many applications they are a cost effective alternative to conventional telemetry receivers. This paper analyzes currently available products with regard to their features, capabilities, and performance, as well as highlighting typical applications.
4
Goikoetxea, Yanci Asier. "Smart card security." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3091/.
Анотація:
Smart Card devices are commonly used on many secure applications where there is a need to identify the card holder in order to provide a personalised service. The value of access to locked data and services makes Smart Cards a desirable attack target for hackers of all sorts. The range of attacks a Smart Card and its environment can be subjected to ranges from social engineering to exploiting hardware and software bugs and features. This research has focused on several hardware related attacks and potential threats. Namely, power glitch attack, power analysis, laser attack, the potential effect on security of memory power consumption reduction techniques and using a re-configurable instruction set as method to harden opcode interpretation. A semi-automated simulation environment to test designs against glitch attacks and power analysis has been developed. This simulation environment can be easily integrated within Atmel’s design flow to bring assurance of their designs’ behaviour and permeability to such attacks at an early development stage. Previous power analysis simulation work focused on testing the implementation of part of the cryptographic algorithm. This work focuses on targeting the whole algorithm, allowing the test of a wider range of countermeasures. A common glitch detection approach is monitoring the power supply for abnormal voltage values and fluctuations. This approach can fail to detect some fast glitches. The alternative approach used in this research monitors the effects of a glitch on a mono-stable circuit sensitive to fault injection by glitch attacks. This work has resulted in a patented glitch detector that improves the overall glitch detection range. The use of radiation countermeasures as laser countermeasures and potential sensors has been investigated too. Radiation and laser attacks have similar effects on silicon devices. Whilst several countermeasures against radiation have been developed over the years, almost no explicit mention of laser countermeasures was found. This research has demonstrated the suitability of using some radiation countermeasures as laser countermeasures. Memory partitioning is a static and dynamic power consumption reduction technique successfully used in various devices. The nature of Smart Card devices restricts the applicability of some aspects of this power reduction technique. This research line has resulted in the proposal of a memory partitioning approach suitable to Smart Cards.
5
Au, Po-ling Lisa. "Smart card business strategy in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19876178.
6
Savostyanova, Natalia, and Valeriya Velichko. "Plastic card frauds, a survey of current relevant card and system properties." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2424.
Анотація:
Recently the society has been turning from the use of paper-based technologies to plastic cards in certain spheres of our life. With the emergence and proliferation of high technologies we cannot content with the security provided bypaper only. Therefore the society has chosen plastic to protect its information because it offers far more security based not only on human perception but also on machine-readable elements.
The number of plastic cards in circulation in different spheres of our everyday life increases constantly. They replace money, documents and allow easy and safe access to some services. In spite of its security the plastic card however is subjected to fraud.
Plastic card fraud results in significant losses for the various industries. Since the first appearance of plastic cards methods of committing fraud have changed dramatically. Now there is a wide range of high technologies at the disposal of criminals as well as card manufacturers.
Therefore we have put the great emphasize of this work on the analysis of the most common card technologies in the Plastic Card World, the magnetic stripe and the chip, existing crimes and main means of their committing. And we also have revealed the weak and strong sides of the prevention techniques, which are currently in use.
7
Chiu, Sung Kin. "Smart card : a preliminary case study of octopus card in Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Macau, 2004. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636705.
8
Blunt, Gordon. "Mining credit card data." Thesis, n.p, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
9
Bouffard, Guillaume. "A Generic Approach for Protecting Java Card™ Smart Card Against Software Attacks." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0007/document.
Анотація:
De nos jours, la carte à puce est la pierre angulaire de nos usages quotidiens. En effet, elle est indispensable pour retirer de l'argent, voyager, téléphoner, ... Pour améliorer la sécurité tout en bénéficiant d'un environnement de développement facilité, la technologie Java a été adaptée pour être embarquée dans les cartes à puce. Présentée durant le milieu des années 90, cette technologie est devenue la plate-forme principale d'exécution d'applications sécurisées. De part leurs usages, ces applications contiennent des informations sensibles pouvant intéresser des personnes mal intentionnées.Dans le monde de la carte à puce, les concepteurs d'attaques et de contre-mesures se livrent une guerre sans fin. Afin d'avoir une vue générique de toutes les attaques possibles, nous proposons d'utiliser les arbres de fautes. Cette approche, inspirée de l'analyse de sûreté, aide à comprendre et à implémenter tous les événements désirables et non désirables existants. Nous appliquons cette méthode pour l'analyse de vulnérabilité Java Card. Pour cela, nous définissons des propriétés qui devront être garanties: l'intégrité et la confidentialité des données et du code contenus dans la carte à puce. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'intégrité du code des applications. En effet, une perturbation de cet élément peut corrompre les autres propriétés. En modélisant les conditions, nous avons découvert de nouveaux chemins d'attaques permettant d'accéder au contenu de la carte. Pour empêcher ces nouvelles attaques, nous présentons de nouvelles contre-mesures pour prévenir les éléments indésirables définis dans les arbres de fautesSmart cards are the keystone of various applications which we daily use: pay money for travel, phone, etc. To improve the security of this device with a friendly development environment, the Java technology has been designed to be embedded in a smart card. Introduce in the mid-nineties, this technology becomes nowadays the leading application platform in the world. As a smart card embeds critical information, evil-minded people are interested to attack this device. In smart card domain, attacks and countermeasures are advancing at a fast rate. In order to have a generic view of all the attacks, we propose to use the Fault Tree Analysis. This method used in safety analysis helps to understand and implement all the desirable and undesirable events existing in this domain. We apply this method to Java Card vulnerability analysis. We define the properties that must be ensured: integrity and confidentiality of smart card data and code. During this thesis, we focused on the integrity property, especially on the code integrity. Indeed, a perturbation on this element can break each other properties. By modelling the conditions, we discovered new attack paths to get access to the smart card contents. We introduce new countermeasures to mitigate the undesirable events defined in the tree models
10
deMatos, Richard Bernard. "Floor limits and credit card fraud in the South African credit card industry." Thesis, University of South Africa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/48.
Анотація:
Credit card fraud losses within the South African credit card market in 2006 exceeded
R257M. A portion of these losses (R179M) are within the borders of South Africa and its
common monetary area partners. This represents a startling 70% of credit card fraud on
magnetic stripe cards used within the borders of South Africa.
The South African credit card industry adopts floor limits at certain merchants and
merchant categories. South Africa is one of a few countries in the world that still adopt
floor limits on credit cards within its payment card industry. Credit card transactions on
magnetic-stripe cards conducted below the merchant’s designated floor limit do not go to
the issuing bank for authorization. The first time the issuing bank acknowledges these
transactions is when they are settled on average two days later. The rationale for not
adopting zero floor limits within the South African credit card market is the supposed
inability of the existing telecommunications infrastructure to handle the volume and
frequency of data submitted by merchants for authorization. The impact of reduced fraud
and bad debt losses through adopting a zero floor limit in relation to merchant
operational costs is the basis of the research. The research also aims to examine the
Proposition that the existing telecommunications infrastructure is unable to support a
zero floor limit proposal.
11
Edsbäcker, Peter. "SIM cards for cellular networks : An introduction to SIM card application development." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13989.
Анотація:
A SIM, Subscriber Identity Module, is the removable circuit board found in a modern cellular phone. It carries the network identity information and is a type of smart card which can also be found on payment cards (EMV), ID cards and so on. A smart card is basically a small computer, providing a safe and controlled execution environment. Historically smart card software was very hardware dependent and mostly developed by the manufacturers themselves. With the introduction of the open Java Card standard created by Sun Microsystems (Oracle) this was meant to change. However, information still remains scattered and is hard to obtain. This paper is meant to serve both as an introduction to the field and also as a good foundation for future studies. It begins with a theoretical discussion about smart card hardware and software architectures, network standards in the context of SIM cards, typical applications, coming trends and technologies and ends off with an overview of the Java Card standard. The following section discusses the supplied example SIM card application coupled with an introduction how to use the Gemalto Developer Suite for application development and testing. The paper ends with an extensive appendix section going in depth about some of the more important subjects.
12
Stenzel, Kurt. "Verification of Java card programs." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975584510.
13
Haneberg, Dominik. "Sicherheit von Smart-Card-Anwendungen /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016072399&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
14
Bagge, Emil. "Optimisation of card recognition routine." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453543.
Анотація:
Card-dealing machines for the game Bridge are used to automate the time-consuming process of sorting cards. They require methods to recognize each card's suit and value during the process, as the sorting is predetermined. The machine considered in this thesis uses a webcam that feeds a 30 FPS video stream to a contour analysis algorithm. This thesis goes through and researches possible solutions for 3 different improvement areas: motion blur, degradation and colour recognition. Motion blur occurs when the cards move around in the machine, resulting in heavily distorted images whose suit and value are difficult to recognize. I propose using a metric based on the variance of the Laplacian to recognize blurry images. Testing shows that this is an efficient and accurate method that allows the machine to save time by quickly discarding blurry images. Degradation in the form of stains or colour loss risks breaking the connectivity of contours by distorting shapes and figures, making contour analysis unreliable. To deal with this I propose different morphological operations, such as closing and erosion, to quickly adjust these types of errors. By applying these methods, images whose suit and value were previously unrecognizable could be processed successfully. To compensate for the added run-time I propose implementing Otsu’s thresholding as a more efficient binarization method. Testing shows that it is 4 times faster than the old method. But since it is unable to binarize bright images I suggest using the old method as a fallback if Otsu's method fails. More testing is needed to establish if time is ultimately saved. Colour information could help the recognition but is currently not used. I propose a simple metric based on the amount of red pixels found by converting the RGB image into HSV and thresholding the hue channel. By only considering the center of the image, the thresholding becomes 3.5 times faster while also being less noisy than using the entire image. But since colour space conversion is a time-consuming process and the resulting information has limited use, it is unlikely that this method is worth implementing. Out of the 3 different improvement areas that has been researched 4 methods are proposed, but only 2 show promise after testing; a blur metric based on the Laplacian and using morphological operations to fix distorted images. Otsu's method is fast but unreliable and the redness metric results in very little value added relative to run-time cost.
15
James, Brandon. "Smart Card Based User Authentication." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1340246432.
16
Ali, Amer Syed. "ADMUX controller card firmware tool /." Leeds : University of Leeds, School of Computer Studies, 2003. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cgi-bin/library/compst.pl?CAT=BSC&FILE=200304/ali.pdf.
17
Berman, Benjamin S. "Minionate : The collectible card game." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112912.
Анотація:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2017Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-45).
Video game players experience opposing motivations to cooperate and compete in multiplayer games. The most pervasive multiplayer games today-massively multiplayer role playing and team-based competitive games-rely on a common compromise: they stratify players by their skill and in-game resources. This design choice limits a player's most meaningful forms of cooperation: participating in novel tactics and strategies, writing her own story, and being part of another player's journey towards greatness in the game. This thesis presents "Minionate," a digital collectible card game that transforms one-versus-one competitive matchups into a multiplayer experience. It introduces new mechanics that enable meaningful and asynchronous interactions between players of different skills; a radical improvement on existing competitive games. Based on an analysis of cards using these mechanics, Minionate gives players new ways to interact in highly competitive games.
by Benjamin S. Berman.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences
18
Pospíšil, Karel. "Postranní kanály u Smart Card." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218929.
Анотація:
The thesis is dealing with smart cards and describes the known types of side channel attacks. Smart card belongs into the group of the youngest and smartest cards. In the card body, made mostly from PVC, there is a chip inserted which contains a microprocessor.Side channel attacks are trying to use the leaking information from the physical implementation of the system while processing the cryptographic algorithm. The attacker is trying to use the leaking sensitive information because under certain circumstances it can be dependent on the input data. The theoretical part is devoted to description of smart cards, their types and their safety. It describes the classification of attacks on smart cards and includes the overview of selected cryptographic algorithms used in smart cards. It also describes selected physical and logical attacks and the most frequent side channel attacks. The thesis furthermore describes possibilities of measuring the voltage-current side channel. The practical part deals with used software and hardware. This section is devoted to the measurement of power specification of smart cards and to the analysis of processed information, using the oscilloscope and workstation with AD 622 card and Simulink development environment.
19
Chun, Pan, and Qiu Tian. "Credit card business analysis of Bank of China : Is BOC credit card competitive?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9981.
20
Gilda, Rupa [Verfasser]. "Problems and Prospects of Credit Card and Debit Card Holders in Nanded City / Rupa Gilda." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215101120/34.
21
Jonsson, Jerry, and Lina Tonegran. "Designing Cards as a Polymorphic Resource for Online Free to Play Trading Card Games." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för speldesign, teknik och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1914.
Анотація:
Seasoned players of free to play trading card games or players that invest large amount of money in digital or physical trading card games, end up having superfluous cards that hold no value to them. The purpose of this thesis is to create designs that would counter this problem. We analysed a selection of popular games on the market to get a better understanding about the depth of the problem and existing designs and mechanics to counter said problem. With the knowledge gained from the research, we intended design several systems that would give cards a polymorphic value. To validate those designs we decided to conduct qualitative interviews with highly experienced players of the genre. We discovered from our research and interviews that the problem with superfluous cards was larger than we had anticipated, and few games had taken steps to counter the problem. The systems we designed gave cards a polymorphic value, and the designs were proven successful through our validation. Our research and interviews suggest that by implementing polymorphic attributes to cards it could lessen or even remove the problem of superfluous cards, and at the same time increase the sales figures on booster packs.Jerry Jonsson går speldesign och programmering och Lina Tonegran går speldesign och grafik.
22
Marlowe, Joanne M. "Smart Card Systems: Development of a Paradigm for a University-Wide Smart Card Student Identification System." NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/703.
Анотація:
College and university campuses present an ideal environment for smart card systems and offer one of the best opportunities for the early adoption of smart card technology in the United States. This study investigated the design, development, and implementation of a smart card system in the university environment, specifically Nova Southeastern University. Additionally, this dissertation investigation developed a paradigm for a university-wide smart card student identification system capable of providing multiple applications such as portable identity, secure access, and electronic purse function. This dissertation investigation employed a Modern Systems Development Life Cycle (MSDLC) methodology along with a case study strategy. Through case study analysis, in concert with an MSDLC methodology, this researcher determined how other colleges and universities implemented smart card systems and examined smart card capabilities and constraints.
The proposed model is based on an analysis of 23 colleges and universities currently utilizing smart card technology as part of their campus card systems. In this multiple-case study, the goal was to build a general paradigm that fits each of the individual cases, even though the cases varied in their details. This paradigm documents the development and implementation of a smart card system in a university environment. As noted in this paradigm, the campus card combines magnetic strip and smart chip technology and is a managed card system. In addition, the campus card system includes strategic partnerships with merchants, banks and long distance carriers and is implemented in a phased process. The findings and conclusions of this dissertation inquiry can be generalized to other academic institutions investigating the viability of a smart card system.
It is important to note that this paradigm is based on an investigation of the small number of colleges currently utilizing smart card technology. However, this paradigm represents key considerations that should be addressed by academic institutions contemplating the installation of a multi-application smart card student identification system. The paradigm is subject to change as a consequence of innovations in the technological domain. Therefore, the smart card information system paradigm should be regularly reviewed and revised to reflect technological advancements.
23
Ekici, Tufan. "An investigation of credit card debt." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141228519.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006.An investigation of credit card debt: the effect of price and income expectations and the impact on consumption. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
24
Siddiqi, Saad Ahmed. "Smart Card Packaging Process Control System." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100020.
Анотація:
The project focuses on the packaging process of the smart card manufacturing industry. The idea of the project concerns how to increase production packaging efficiency by introducing a control system. After taking an in-depth look at the current production environment, the following system goals were defined: packaging time reduction, cost reduction, decrease in human errors, and reducing the number of customer complaints. To achieve these goals, the thesis project was divided into the following tasks: discovering a feasible solution, actual system development, testing, and evaluation. The proposed system is based on hardware (i.e. barcode scanner, and barcode printer) integrated with customized control software. The barcode scanner acts as a bridge between the system and the production process by scanning a barcode printed on each product. The system prints the required information label for the product’s package according to the scanned product. This label is pasted on the product’s box and is used as a tracking tool during further production steps. The system is very flexible and suits any packaging model. Other functional properties maintained in the system include data security, product traceability, and real time production monitoring. Testing of the system was done in an actual production environment at an Oberthur Technologies manufacturing site. Two production lines were selected to test the system’s functionality, specifically the SIM card production packaging line and the Scratch card/ Bank Card production packaging line. The results obtained during the evaluation phase of the proposed system show that the proposed solution decreased the packaging processing time by (27.3%) over the previous values. Moreover, the resulting human error rate is close to (zero%).Projektet fokuserar på förpackningen processen smartkortet tillverkningsindustrin. Tanken med projektet handlar om hur att öka effektiviteten produktionen förpackningar genom att införa ett styrsystem. Efter att ha tagit en fördjupad titt på den nuvarande produktionsmiljö, var följande systemkrav mål definieras: nedsättning förpackning tid, minskade kostnader, minskad mänskliga fel och minska antalet kundklagomål. För att uppnå dessa mål var examensarbetet indelad i följande uppgifter: att upptäcka en genomförbar lösning, faktisk systemutveckling, testning och utvärdering. Det föreslagna systemet bygger på hårdvara (dvs streckkodsläsare och streckkod skrivare) integreras med skräddarsydd styrprogram. Den streckkodsläsare fungerar som en bro mellan systemet och produktionsprocessen genom att läsa en streckkod tryckt på varje produkt. Systemet skriver den erforderliga informationen etiketten för produktens förpackning enligt den scannade produkten. Denna etikett klistras in på produktens ask och används som ett verktyg för spårning under ytterligare produktionssteg. Systemet är mycket flexibelt och passar varje förpackning modell. Andra funktionella egenskaper bibehålls i systemet inkluderar datasäkerhet, spårbarhet och i realtid övervakning av produktionen. Testning av systemet gjordes i en verklig produktionsmiljö i ett Oberthur Technologies tillverkningsanläggning. Två produktionslinjer valdes för att testa systemets funktionalitet, särskilt i SIM-kortet produktionen förpackning linje och skrapkort / Bank kortproduktion förpackningslinje. De resultat som erhållits under utvärderingsfasen av det föreslagna systemet visar att den föreslagna lösningen minskade tiden förpackningen behandling av (27,3 %) jämfört med föregående värden. Dessutom är den resulterande mänskliga fel som ligger nära (noll %).
25
Taylor, Robin. "Increase the government purchase card limit." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42737.
Анотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe purchasing power of the government purchase card is not keeping pace with inflation and its present terms of use are neither efficient nor effective. A purchase card transaction limit increase would maximize resources, allow the Fleet Logistics Center to focus on more complex contracts, and increase mission readiness at operational units. When it was established in 1989, the government purchase card program’s transaction limit was $2,000. In 1994, legislation established the $2,500 micropurchase limit for supplies and services because the General Service Administration determined that 85% of contracts written were below $2,500. The $2,000 limit for construction continues as set by the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, which was written before establishment of the minimum wage and has never increased for inflation. That $2,000 limit from 1931 currently has a buying power of $128 and, to meet the intent of the law, should be applied only to construction projects over $31,194. The purpose of this project is to explore the decision to increase the purchase card transaction limit. This project examines the regulations, risks, and concerns regarding an increase in the transaction limit. This research recommends that the government purchase card transaction limit be increased to between $8,000 and $13,000.
26
Semmens, Natasha. "The fear of plastic card fraud." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6006/.
Анотація:
The fear of crime is one of the most widely researched phenomena in criminology. Traditionally, researchers have relied upon the 'sociological staples' of sex, race, age and social class to explain the fear of crime. However, it has been shown that the relationships between fear and these factors are both uncertain and unreliable. In this thesis, I suggest by analysing the fear of crime within an explanatory framework of well-being, we move towards a better understanding of fear at an individual level. I demonstrate that, by interpreting crime as a violation of autonomy and well-being, individual levels of fear are more easily understood. The thesis is driven by a critical analysis of the traditional approaches to the study of fear of crime. From a contextual perspective, I argue that, in order to understand fear in a modem, evolving society, one must look to the future and explore the changing nature of crime. Thus, I aim to force a reconsideration of the concept of 'crime' within the paradigm of the victimisation survey. In recognising the imminent increase in fraudulent crimes, I challenge the traditional exclusion of fraud from victimisation surveys. I demonstrate that the victims of plastic card fraud are worthy subjects for study. The thesis is informed by empirical work carried out during the period of doctoral research. Having been commissioned by the Research Development and Statistics Directorate of the Home Office to review the survey measurement of the fear of crime, I was given the opportunity to design questions about plastic card fraud for the British Crime Survey 2000. Analysis of the data suggests that plastic card fraud prompts different reactions than do other crimes. I conclude that the harm suffered by the victims of card fraud may extend beyond pure financial loss to a violation of identity.
27
FILHO, ELIAS DIAS LOPES. "THIRD AGE: CREDIT CARD USE PROFILE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9443@1.
Анотація:
O aumento da expectativa de vida dos brasileiros é cada
vez maior e,
conseqüentemente, também sua presença na economia. Assim
como o público
idoso, o mercado de cartões de crédito também cresce em
ritmo acelerado. Este
trabalho estuda as características do portador de cartão
de crédito do segmento da
Terceira Idade, ou melhor, pessoas com mais de 60 anos,
assim como seu
comportamento em relação ao uso do cartão de crédito.
Aplicou-se uma pesquisa
qualitativa, através de entrevistas em profundidade, que
levou à análise de outras
faixas etárias para fins de comparação do comportamento de
uso do cartão de
crédito, assim como a aplicação de um questionário no
aspecto quantitativo. Os
resultados apontaram para características conservadoras
por parte da Terceira
Idade no que se refere ao uso do cartão de crédito.The increase of life expectation of the Brazilians grows bigger and bigger and, consequently, also their presence in the country's economy. Just as the aged public, the credit card market also grows in an accelerated rhythm. This work studies the characteristics of the Third Age credit card bearer segment, in other words, people over the sixties, as well as their behavior regarding the credit card use. A qualitative research was applied, by means of in- depth interviews, which lead to the analysis of other age groups aiming at the comparison of the credit card use behavior, as well as the application of a quantitative wise questionnaire. The results point towards conservative characteristics on the part of the Third Age as far as the credit card use is concerned.
28
Jurgovsky, Johannes. "Context-aware credit card fraud detection." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI109.
Анотація:
La fraude par carte de crédit est devenue un problème majeur dans le secteur des paiements électroniques. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la détection de fraude basée sur les données transactionnelles et abordons plusieurs de ces défis complexes en utilisant des méthodes d'apprentissage automatique visant à identifier les transactions frauduleuses qui ont été émises illégitimement au nom du titulaire légitime de la carte. En particulier, nous explorons plusieurs moyens d’exploiter les informations contextuelles au-delà des attributs de base d’une transaction, notamment au niveau de la transaction, au niveau de la séquence et au niveau de l'utilisateur. Au niveau des transactions, nous cherchons à identifier les transactions frauduleuses qui présentent des caractéristiques distinctes des transactions authentiques. Nous avons mené une étude empirique de l’influence du déséquilibre des classes et des horizons de prévision sur la performance d d'un classifieur de type random forest. Nous augmentons les transactions avec des attributs supplémentaires extraits de sources de connaissances externes et montrons que des informations sur les pays et les événements du calendrier améliorent les performances de classification, particulièrement pour les transactions ayant lieu sur le Web. Au niveau de la séquence, nous cherchons à détecter les fraudes qui sont difficiles à identifier en elles-mêmes, mais particulières en ce qui concerne la séquence à court terme dans laquelle elles apparaissent. Nous utilisons un réseau de neurone récurrent (LSTM) pour modéliser la séquence de transactions. Nos résultats suggèrent que la modélisation basée sur des LSTM est une stratégie prometteuse pour caractériser des séquences de transactions ayant lieu en face à face, mais elle n’est pas adéquate pour les transactions ayant lieu sur le Web. Au niveau de l'utilisateur, nous travaillons sur une stratégie existante d'agrégation d'attributs et proposons un concept flexible nous permettant de calculer de nombreux attributs au moyen d'une syntaxe simple. Nous fournissons une implémentation basée sur CUDA pour pour accélerer le temps de calcul de deux ordres de grandeur. Notre étude de sélection des attributs révèle que les agrégats extraits de séquences de transactions des utilisateurs sont plus utiles que ceux extraits des séquences de marchands. De plus, nous découvrons plusieurs ensembles d'attributs candidats avec des performances équivalentes à celles des agrégats fabriqués manuellement tout en étant très différents en termes de structure. En ce qui concerne les travaux futurs, nous évoquons des méthodes d'apprentissage artificiel simples et transparentes pour la détection des fraudes par carte de crédit et nous esquissons une modélisation simple axée sur l'utilisateurCredit card fraud has emerged as major problem in the electronic payment sector. In this thesis, we study data-driven fraud detection and address several of its intricate challenges by means of machine learning methods with the goal to identify fraudulent transactions that have been issued illegitimately on behalf of the rightful card owner. In particular, we explore several means to leverage contextual information beyond a transaction's basic attributes on the transaction level, sequence level and user level. On the transaction level, we aim to identify fraudulent transactions which, in terms of their attribute values, are globally distinguishable from genuine transactions. We provide an empirical study of the influence of class imbalance and forecasting horizons on the classification performance of a random forest classifier. We augment transactions with additional features extracted from external knowledge sources and show that external information about countries and calendar events improves classification performance most noticeably on card-not-present transaction. On the sequence level, we aim to detect frauds that are inconspicuous in the background of all transactions but peculiar with respect to the short-term sequence they appear in. We use a Long Short-term Memory network (LSTM) for modeling the sequential succession of transactions. Our results suggest that LSTM-based modeling is a promising strategy for characterizing sequences of card-present transactions but it is not adequate for card-not-present transactions. On the user level, we elaborate on feature aggregations and propose a flexible concept allowing us define numerous features by means of a simple syntax. We provide a CUDA-based implementation for the computationally expensive extraction with a speed-up of two orders of magnitude. Our feature selection study reveals that aggregates extracted from users' transaction sequences are more useful than those extracted from merchant sequences. Moreover, we discover multiple sets of candidate features with equivalent performance as manually engineered aggregates while being vastly different in terms of their structure. Regarding future work, we motivate the usage of simple and transparent machine learning methods for credit card fraud detection and we sketch a simple user-focused modeling approach
29
Fornazari, Meggie Rosar. "Localization practices in trading card games." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/123372.
Анотація:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T18:08:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 326622.pdf: 2299997 bytes, checksum: dd1d8ddfebdae98388811fa5c76cb919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Abstract : The localization of a Trading Card Game of long durability and frequent updating such as Magic the Gathering (USA, 2003-present) requires a specific and detailed translation in relation to consistency, while following certain policies. This study presents a parallel, bilingual corpus created to observe technical constraints and localization policies which may pertain to the translation of such type of material from English into Brazilian Portuguese. In order to do so, the textual spoiler of 249 cards in each language has been extracted, aligned, and analyzed using Wordsmith 3.0 and Notepad++, with theoretical support of the translation description model created by Lambert & Van Gorp (1985) adapted for this genre. Macro analyses and subsequent micro analyses have both resulted in the observation of a translation product in Portuguese that is linguistically adequate to the target system, but not acceptable in the target cultural system. Additionally, certain sections of the product which require less rigidity in relation to the game rules could gain from the use of transcreation.
A localização de um Jogo de Estampas Ilustradas de longa duração e atualização frequente como Magic The Gathering (EUA, 2003-atual) requer tradução específica e detalhada em relação a consistência lexical, ao mesmo tempo em que certas políticas devem ser seguidas. Este estudo apresenta um corpus paralelo e bilíngue criado a fim de observar restrições técnicas e políticas de localização que possam ser pertinentes à tradução de tal material do inglês ao Português do Brasil. Para tal fim, o texto de 249 cards em cada língua foi extraído, alinhado e analisado utilizando os programas Wordsmith 3.0 e Notepad++, com aporte teórico do modelo descritivo de traduções criado por Lambert e Van Gorp (1985) adaptado para o gênero. Ambas macro e micro análises resultaram na observação de um produto tradutório linguisticamente adequado ao sistema-alvo do Português, mas que não é aceitável em seu sistema cultural. Além disso, certas seções do produto que requerem menos rigidez em relação às regras do jogo poderiam ganhar em qualidade com o uso da transcriação.
30
Au, Po-ling Lisa, and 區寶玲. "Smart card business strategy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126847X.
31
Hong, Yi S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Transition to smart card technology : how transit operators can encourage the take-up of smart card technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38237.
Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-184).
This thesis explores and evaluates the essential strategies needed for transit agencies to switch from traditional fare collection systems to smart cards. More transit agencies today are investing in smart card technology as part of their new automated fare collection (AFC) systems. Although the benefits of switching to smart card systems have been well-researched and acknowledged by transit agencies, it is unclear how a transit agency should go about implementing a smart card system in order to achieve optimum customer acceptance and to reap maximum benefits from the system. Recent experience has shown that a range of implementation policy decisions can go a long way towards speeding or slowing down the adoption of the technology by customers. A case study approach is used here to identify and evaluate the effectiveness and impacts of policies used by five transit agencies that currently employ smart cards. These policies fall into two categories: 1) distribution, operational and usage policies, and 2) fare policies. Distribution, operational and usage policies must be designed to facilitate and enhance customer adoption of smart cards, especially in the case where alternative fare media will co-exist.
(cont.) Fare policies are designed to differentiate smart cards from other fare media through differential pricing strategies, frequent-use bonuses and low price guarantees. The thesis also examines the use of fare models in assisting transit agencies to predict ridership and revenue, especially focusing on the features needed in these models to predict the usage rates of smart cards and their associated unique fare options. Finally, the findings from the research are integrated and used to develop a set of guidelines for use by a transit agency that is switching to a smart card fare payment system. The main topics of these guidelines were identified as: 1) the use of fare policy incentives, 2) balance between restrictions and alternatives with respect to co-existing fare media, 3) accessibility to smart card support services, 4) capitalizing on the superiority of smart card technology, and 5) the use of a single card. To illustrate the usefulness of the guidelines, they were applied to a case study of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA)'s new AFC program, the CharlieCard.
by Yi Hong.
S.M.
32
Ma, Tien-Yan, and 馬天彥. "Implementing FISC IC Card Specification and Developing Health Care Application Using Java Card." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98131805063175615351.
Анотація:
碩士國立成功大學
工程科學系
88
Java Card specification extends Java technology into smart cards. FISC IC card specification is the only financial smart card standard in Taiwan. In the Peng-Hu Healthcare IC Card Project, we also adopt FISC-compatible IC cards. In this paper we describe how to creat a FISC-compatible application on Java Card specification, and define a shareable interface that FISC-compatible applets can share a file system with other applets on the same card. Finally we define a healthcare application Direct Method Invocation interface and protocol by using Remote Procedure Call concept. This interface will help terminal application programmer develop healthcare application more easily.
33
Tsai, Yi-Hen, and 蔡宜衡. "The Study of Combo Card Crime(combine ATM Card & Credit Card)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16068530228050989692.
Анотація:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
97
ATM and credit card has became the most commonly used payment method in our everyday life to replace the cash payment. Wherefore, it is very common that tort-feasors using these modern financial products as the media to commit their crimes. Before the law reform act in 2002, we have very limited regulation towards financial crime using ATM/credit cards as the media. As the result, Taiwan became the target of International criminal groups. Although the situation has been improved after the Law Reform act in 2002, this thesis will argue the appropriateness to categorize ATM/credit cards as “negotiable securities” because of the criminal act policy. There is in-depth discussion at Chapter 2 for this issue. Before investigating the criminal responsibility of credit card fraud, we have to study the relationship of each parties and contract policy under civil law to understand who should be responsible for payment when the crime is committed base on the blind spot of ATM/Credit card system. By doing this, we can ensure at further discussion on investigating criminal responsibilities would not go against the current financial practice. We will discuss the relationships of each parties and the policy of compensation for damage at Chapter 3. As a nation with adopted law system, most of our regulation has been adopted or referenced the regulation from advanced countries and our laws reappraise act bases on the comparison with other countries that has similar regulations to determine the benefit or disadvantage of the current laws. In chapter 4, we will discuss in-depth on the benefit and disadvantage of current laws in Japan, Germany and United State of America. In Chapter 5 as the core of this thesis, we will discuss each type of financial crime committed with ATM/Credit card and its related positive law regulation, the resolving dispute, the foreign punishment and the declaration of dubious legal provision base on the view of this thesis. As the summary in chapter 6, there is the suggestion to current laws with reason of legislation to provide reference for future lawmakers in their legislating act.
34
Bothma, Hendrik Jacobus. "A smart card based student card system." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2376.
Анотація:
M.Sc.A Smart Card looks like a normal plastic card that we use every day, but its capabilities and advantages are huge. Inside the card there is a small microprocessor capable of doing operations on data. With memory available on the card, data can be stored in a safe and secure location. This card can be used for various applications and is a big improvement on all of its predecessors. These applications can be anything from SIM cards in a cell phone to credit cards and cards used for access control. The Smart Card offers us better security and offline identification because of its own embedded microprocessor. The combination of Smart Cards with biometrics for security reasons will be a logical step and the ideal way to identify the person as the true owner of the card. This dissertation will investigate the use of contact Smart Cards in the University environment, more specifically as a University student card. The Smart Card will be combined with a fingerprint to enforce better security. The main purpose is to use the Smart Card and the biometric property for access control at various places on campus.
35
"Realization of card-centric framework: a card-centric computer." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892403.
Анотація:
San, Chi Leung.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-82).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.2
摘要 --- p.3
Acknowledgements --- p.4
Table of Contents --- p.5
List of Tables --- p.7
List of Figures --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.10
Chapter 1.1 --- What is smart card? --- p.10
Chapter 1.2 --- Classification of smart cards --- p.10
Chapter 1.3 --- Smart card communication model --- p.12
Chapter 1.4 --- Smart Card Applications --- p.14
Chapter 1.5 --- Motivation --- p.16
Chapter 1.6 --- Thesis Organization --- p.17
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Card-Centric Framework --- p.18
Chapter 2.1 --- Card-Centric Protocol --- p.19
Chapter 2.2 --- Event-Driven Card-Centric Framework --- p.21
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Design Methodology --- p.27
Chapter 3.1 --- Platform based SOC design --- p.27
Chapter 3.2 --- Event Driven model --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Development Platform --- p.33
Chapter 4.1 --- Altera Nios development platform --- p.33
Chapter 4.2 --- Development board --- p.37
Chapter 4.3 --- Development Tools --- p.39
Chapter Chapter 5. --- I/O peripherals --- p.40
Chapter 5.1 --- VGA --- p.40
Chapter 5.2 --- Mouse --- p.45
Chapter 5.3 --- SPI --- p.47
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Card-Centric Computer Realization --- p.53
Chapter 6.1 --- Architecture --- p.53
Chapter 6.2 --- Implementation --- p.54
Chapter 6.3 --- Smart Card emulator-the processing unit --- p.55
Chapter 6.4 --- Console-the interfacing unit --- p.56
Chapter 6.5 --- Input- Mouse --- p.57
Chapter 6.6 --- Output- VGA --- p.58
Chapter 6.7 --- Demonstration --- p.59
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Event-Driven Card-Centric Computer --- p.61
Chapter 7.1 --- Architecture and implementation --- p.62
Chapter 7.2 --- Demonstration --- p.65
Chapter Chapter 8. --- Card-Centric Design Flow --- p.67
Chapter 8.1 --- Architecture platform --- p.67
Chapter 8.2 --- Design flow --- p.68
Chapter 8.3 --- Type of interface of Card-Centric protocol --- p.72
Chapter Chapter 9. --- Applications and Benefits --- p.75
Chapter 9.1 --- Proposed applications --- p.75
Chapter 9.2 --- Benefits --- p.76
Chapter Chapter 10 --- . Conclusions and future works --- p.78
References --- p.81
Appendix --- p.83
Appendix 1 Card-Centric Framework Console Diagram --- p.83
Appendix 2 Event-Driven Card-Centric Framework Smart card --- p.84
Appendix 3 Event-Driven Card-Centric Framework Console --- p.85
Appendix 4 VGA core Registers table [22] --- p.86
36
Chao, chu hsiang, and 趙菊香. "Study the Taiwan Credit Card and Cash Card Lending Crisis." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67408282695541485756.
Анотація:
碩士國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程
94
Credit card market, driven by foreign banks and local new banks, had been boosting from 1991 to 2005 derived from GDP growth, hike of foreign exchange reserves, laws ease up, and government policies creating friendlier environment to boost consumer spending. In the same time, banks’ credit policies were loosened due to fierce competition among credit card issuers, issuances of cash card and integrated unsecured loan led by sales and marketing. Given the situation of over-banking and competition in credit card market, consumers overspent under the consistent economy recession triggered credit crunch for credit card and cash card, so called “Credit card and cash card lending crash”. This research intends to search for the root of this credit crunch by investigating the history of the growth of credit card business and issuance of cash card of major players in the market. Furthermore, this research also evidences the concluded root reasons by analyzing the important information reported to FSC by all the banks. The conclusions of the investigation are as follows: 1. Banking industry overemphasized on business growth so the related risks were not properly and timely controlled by simplifying application procedures and increasing credit lines hoping to enhance number of customers and strengthen customers’ loyalty. 2. Banking industry ignored the percentage of customers’ real income and liability while expanding their business rapidly. It further deepened the delinquency ratio and card issuers wrote off enormous amount of bad debts when credit crunch happened. 3. Debt Negotiation Plan (DNP) led by government enabled banks to set up “Standard Operation Procedures” (SOP) which helped banks to resume their card business back to normal. The success ratio of DNP is increasing gradually. The future of credit card market all depends on how banking industry, consumers, and government deal with the issues on consumer unsecured loans.
37
Pao-Shan, Hong, and 洪保山. "Balanced score card." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70050271503601157826.
Анотація:
碩士國立中山大學
國際高階經營管理碩士班
94
In recent years, domestic medicine companies limited by total value pay system can be regarded as depressing business. While some of medicine companies have been gradually losing their advantages, they, in addition to moving the production base to other countries, hope to find the suitable management system which completely subvert the way of thinking and traditional management skills as well for the purpose of improving the performance and competitiveness of company. Balanced Score Card (BSC) was proposed in 1990 by Kaplan & Norton. This set of management systems is to establish company''s vision and mission. According to the survey, BSC has already been introduced by a lot of listed companies or non-listed companies to enhance the business performance. Therefore, we can know that BSC has deeply influenced the operation of Taiwan''s companies of. BSC breaks through the traditional limitation to measure the performance in financial views , constructs four major aspects to inspect operation of companies in terms of financials, customers, business internal process and organization learning to grow, and gives consideration to balance between financial performance and non financial performance, balance between long-term goal and short-term goal, balance between internal and external of company, linkage between performance measurement and operation objective, improving management performance measurement system. Application of BSC would convert the organization vision into concrete goal, link the goal with cause-effect relationship, guide the behavior of staff and organization by the performance measurement and incentives, and combine personal goal with company goal. High ranking managers can not only easily communicate with staffs, but also trace back the effectiveness of company operation. However, It is still unable to find out whether the domestic medicine companies selling benign prostatic hyperplasia drugs could use BSC to improve its company performances or not. So, this research selects domestic medicine companies selling benign prostatic hyperplasia drugs as research object and investigates the effect of four major aspects such as financials, customers, business internal process and organization learning to grow, and influences of BSC on company''s performance. Also, through qusetionaires and surveys, it would help domestic medicine companies selling benign prostatic hyperplasia drugs to set up the effective BSC system to raise company performance. The result of study can be offered to domestic medicine companies selling benign prostatic hyperplasia drugs as reference in the future.
38
Sung, C. L., and 宋嘉仁. "A Study on Card Issuing Management System for Health IC Card." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76236101434405136756.
39
Liau, Ying-Shou, and 廖英首. "A Study on the Applications of Dual Smart Card PCMCIA Card Reader." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06584410606384172130.
Анотація:
碩士國立成功大學
工程科學系
88
Technology changes with each passing day. Internet is popular and necessary now. Thus network security is very important. The security of magnetic card is not enough to meet the trust. The new network security technology of smart card should take it over. In this thesis the Visual Basic 6.0 programming development tool has been used. Then combining the Smart Card Development Environment provided by Tritheim Technologies, Inc. and the SwapSmart offered by SCM Smart Card Reader to compose a dual smart card PCMCIA Card Reader set. Not only the verification cardholder, but also the authentic action between two smart cards have been developed to enhance the networking security. A prototype application program using Visual Basic has been created. This application program includes several secure functions, such as secure data storage、electronic purse application、parking AFC(Automatic Fare Collection) system、DES encryption implementation、ISO 7816 standard APDU format fulfilled…etc. This works may apply to single PCMCIA smart card reader with two slots. Thus might not only can carry out the card reading authentication and secure writing, but also improve the mobility and interoperability.
40
"The card-centric framework: towards a new era of smart card applications." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892195.
Анотація:
by Chan, Pak Kee.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT OF THIS THESIS ENTITLED: --- p.I
摘要 --- p.III
Acknowledgements --- p.IV
Table of Contents --- p.V
List of Tables --- p.VII
List of Figures --- p.VIII
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Overview --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Memory and Microprocessor Cards --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- State-of-the-Art Smart Card Hardware --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Traditional Smart Card Applications --- p.5
Chapter 1.5 --- IS07816： A Standard for Smart Cards --- p.6
Chapter 1.6 --- Proactive SIM： Enlightens a New Way --- p.7
Chapter 1.7 --- The Intelligent Adjunct Model： Smart Card be a Peer --- p.10
Chapter 1.8 --- Motivations： Smart Cards to Run Any Applications --- p.11
Chapter 1.9 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.12
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- CARD-CENTRIC FRAMEWORK --- p.14
Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.14
Chapter 2.2 --- System Model --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.1 --- System Components --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Object Allocation --- p.25
Chapter 2.3 --- Card-Centric Protocol --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Protocol Layering --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Message Format --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Handshake sequence --- p.33
Chapter 2.4 --- Accessing On-card Resources by Console --- p.36
Chapter 2.5 --- Interfaces --- p.39
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SMART CARD APPLICATION DESIGN METHODOLOGY --- p.42
Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.42
Chapter 3.2 --- The Event Driven Programming Model --- p.43
Chapter 3.3 --- Terminal Application --- p.44
Chapter 3.4 --- On-card Application --- p.47
Chapter 3.5 --- From Linear Program to Finite State Machine --- p.49
Chapter 3.6 --- Steps for On-Card Application Development --- p.52
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SYSTEM PROTOTYPE: A SMART CARD-BASED SYSTEM --- p.55
Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.55
Chapter 4.2 --- Hardware --- p.56
Chapter 4.3 --- Software --- p.57
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Program Flow --- p.57
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Interface Objects --- p.61
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Game Engine --- p.62
Chapter 4.4 --- Performance --- p.66
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA --- p.69
Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.69
Chapter 5.2 --- Configurations --- p.70
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Hardware --- p.70
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Software --- p.71
Chapter 5.3 --- Performance --- p.73
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS --- p.75
REFERENCES --- p.78
DESIGN LIBRARIES - CDROM --- p.82
41
Wang, I.-Hsun, and 王宜洵. "The Study of Credit Card and Cash Card on Bank’s Financial Performance." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81557332286103646688.
Анотація:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
95
The aim of this study is to understand if the development of credit card and cash card in commercial banks of our country during the period of January 2003 to June 2006 will positively influence its financial performance. The result could be applied to re-examine the quality and quantity of loan service in the bank and, moreover, could be used as a reference for providing new service in the bank for the future. We chose seventeen financial indicators to evaluate the financial performance and achievement in the bank. The study method has been described by 1) 許振明 and劉完淳in 2000 and 2002; 2) 許振明and黃慕淳in 2006. Our results are listed as follow: 1. Among the seventeen financial indicators, factor analysis result concluded seven principle components, including the ability of making profit, the management efficiency and achievement, the asset quality, the finance structure, the growth rate and the fluidity. 2. From January 2003 to June 2006, among the top ten best banks with comprehensive management achievement, the number of banks with“double card business” progressively decreased; on the contrary, the number of banks without“double card business”increased with the time. In more details, after three years and half of conducting “double card business”, only one of“ the top ten banks with double card business” showed improvement in the management efficiency. The other nine banks all regressed. However, eight of “the top ten banks without double card business”showed improvement in the management efficiency. The other two banks regressed. This result suggests that the management efficiency and achievement in the commercial banks of our country does not improve with the conduction of “double card business”. Instead, some regression in the management efficiency and achievement was observed in June 2006. 3. Four commercial banks, including Chiao Tung Bank, The International Commercial Bank of China, The Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank, and E.SUN Commercial Bank, showed continuously stable in the management efficiency and achievement and were kept stayed in the top ten best banks during the time from January 2003 to June 2006. Among these four banks, only E.SUN Commercial Bank conducted “double card business”. For banks with “double card business”, Cathay United Bank and Taipei Fubon Bank are the most conspicuous ones in terms of the management efficiency and achievement. 4. The asset quality of “the top ten banks with double card business” showed transitional change in 2005 and then progressively regressed. In 2006, a transitional period of transport business achievements, “the top ten banks without double card business” showed much better in the ability of making profit and the management efficiency and achievement than “the top ten banks with double card business”. This result explains the fact that the banks eagerly expanded the double card business and the consequences of loosening the criteria of verification and the management of afterwards, which might result in exceeding the time limit loans and receiving after dunning the amount, and, on a large scale, could have significant negative impact on the management achievement after dispelling the bad debt to recognize a row loss.
42
Hu, Lin-Fan, and 胡凌凡. "Feasiblity Study of Value-added Health-Care IC Card-based Services." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67989481777038533194.
Анотація:
碩士國立成功大學
工程科學系碩博士班
93
In this thesis，we were to discuss how to expand the application level and service range based on the NHI health card. Firstly we survey relevant laws for smart cards and health cards . Knowing about the limitations for smart cards ,the feasibility of expanding the functions of NHI cards to value-added services were performed . Possible income for providing such services by NHI smart cards were evaluated . In implementation , a Java Card was used to simulate a NHI health card , and installed an e-wallet applet in it .Besides ,another e-purse was emulated by a Mifare card . Both of the e-wallet and the e-purse could add-value、substract-value and transfer-value to each other . Mechanisms for atomic transactions between the e-wallet and e-purse were disscussed on performing transfer-value.
43
"Adiabatic smart card / RFID." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893459.
Анотація:
Mok, King Keung.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.1
Contents --- p.5
List of Figures --- p.7
List of Tables --- p.10
Acknowledgments --- p.11
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.12
Chapter 1.1. --- Low Power Design --- p.12
Chapter 1.2. --- Power Consumption in Conventional CMOS Logic --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.1. --- Dynamic Power --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.2. --- Short-Circuit Power --- p.15
Chapter 1.2.3. --- Leakage Power --- p.17
Chapter 1.2.4. --- Static Power --- p.19
Chapter 1.3. --- Smart Card / RFID --- p.21
Chapter 1.3.1. --- Applications --- p.21
Chapter 1.3.2. --- Operating Principle --- p.22
Chapter 1.3.3. --- Conventional Architecture --- p.23
Chapter 2. --- Adiabatic Logic --- p.25
Chapter 2.1. --- Adiabatic Switching --- p.25
Chapter 2.2. --- Energy Recovery --- p.27
Chapter 2.3. --- Adiabatic Quasi-Static CMOS Logic --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Logic Structure --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.2. --- Clocking Scheme --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.3. --- Flip-flop --- p.33
Chapter 2.3.4. --- Layout Techniques --- p.38
Chapter 3. --- Adiabatic RFID --- p.41
Chapter 3.1. --- System Architecture --- p.41
Chapter 3.2. --- Circuit Design --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.1. --- Voltage Limiter --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.2. --- Substrate Bias Generation Circuit --- p.45
Chapter 3.2.3. --- Ring Oscillator --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.4. --- ROM and Control Logic --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.5. --- Load Modulator --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.6. --- Experimental Results --- p.53
Chapter 4. --- Adiabatic Smart Card --- p.59
Chapter 4.1. --- System Architecture --- p.59
Chapter 4.2. --- Circuit Design --- p.61
Chapter 4.2.1. --- ASK Demodulator --- p.61
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Clock Recovery Circuit --- p.63
Chapter 4.3. --- Experimental Results --- p.67
Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.74
Chapter 6. --- Future Works --- p.76
Reference --- p.77
Appendix --- p.80
44
CHEN, YEN-CHING, and 陳妍青. "Lottery On Smart Card." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29738766826932806931.
45
Cheng, Yen-yi, and 程燕翼. "Credit Card Default Model." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13108035199452557790.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
財務金融研究所
98
In this study, the author classifies Credit Card Default Model into two models, Applicant Model and Behavior Model, according to the time in which the model is implemented. Applicant Model, is adopted when customers apply for credit cards, while Behavior Model is utilized when credit of customers is reviewed, credit lines are adjusted, or the duration of the credit is extended. The process in which Credit Card Default Model is built comprise several steps, such as data collection, data cleaning, factor analysis, and adjustments to the model, etc. This study also probes into the relationship between various factors in credit ranking and default probability, and thus derives model calibration function and rating grade. This study discovered factors in Applicant Model that can differentiate customers who tend to repay from those whose credits would turn delinquent. Among these factors are customers’ basic profiles, records from Joint Credit Information Center and transaction behavior. This study also discovered factors in Behavior Model that can distinguish between those who tend to pay off and those who would fail to follow through their obligations. Among those factors are customers’ transaction behavior, payment records, use of credit lines, balance of revolving credits, and classification of consumption behavior, etc. This study measures customer by 26 grades. The higher the grade, the greater the likelihood of default in the coming one year. Future studies may further develop Loss Given Default Model and Exposure at Default Model. Based on expected loss and minimum capital requirement, loans can be priced more accurately. Various marketing strategies can be targeted at different groups of customers, thus fomenting loyalty among customers. Through the understanding of the relationship between factors and risk in credit cards, banks can identify less risky customer groups, therefore making more profits.
46
Lin, Cheng-Wei, and 林政緯. "Chinese Business Card APP." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06645536598525854067.
Анотація:
碩士臺北市立大學
資訊科學系
103
This paper proposes an automatic Chinese business card recognition system including 5 operation steps. Firstly, four corners detection should be done on the captured image. Secondly, the detected four corners are used to perform perspective transformation for square business card image. Thirdly, text detection is applied to extract text regions. Additionally, to make information processing easy, we propose to merge the related text regions. Fourthly, text region preprocessing and recognition are performed. Finally, the post-processing is necessary for extracting Chinese name, EMAIL, and phone number. We have built a Chinese Business Card App on the Android plateform with OpenCV library for Android. Experiments carried out on the realistic image from camera have shown that the proposed method achieves good recognition performance up to 90% and possesses high robust to realistic scenarios.
47
Maurício, Daniela Filipa Silvano. "The Scratch Card Gambler." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10703.
Анотація:
Background: Scratch card gambling is a form of lottery highly available throughout the
country and has common characteristics with some other addictive gambling activities,
such as immediate reward, a short time interval between purchase and prize revelation and
easiness to play. In Portugal, this game has had a substantial growth over the last few
years, with a fifteen fold increase in revenue over the last 8 years, bringing it to a total of
€1594 million in 2018. It’s also important to notice it is a game with almost no regulatory
measures for those who play it.
Aims: This study aims to describe sociodemographic characteristics, gambling habits and
perceptions regarding scratch cards gambling, determine the frequency of pathological
scratch card gambling and to find out the possible impact of regulatory measures.
Methods: People were approached in several scratch cards reseller shops and invited to
participate. A total of 200 people consented to participate and filled in the questionnaire.
Pathological gambling was assessed with the South Oaks Gambling Scale (SOGS).
Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were performed using SPSS v22.
Results: The frequency of not at-risk scratch card gambling was 48%, potential
pathological gambler 33% and probable pathological gambler 19%. 95% played other
games, however, 34% had spent a maximum >€10 in a day in scratch cards while only 18%
report the same amount of maximum spending in other games (risk ratio: 1,8), and 9%
spent a monthly average >€100 in scratch cards while only 3% report such spending with
other games (risk ratio: 3.0). Just 2% asked for help regarding scratch card gambling and
only 8% mentioned the way they play has a negative impact on their lives.
Regarding regulatory measures, 27% said they would play less if ID presentation/recording
is to be mandatory and 71% agreed with the possibility of self-exclusion.
Conclusions: Our findings are worrying at best. More than half participants are possible
pathological gamblers. Scratch cards seem to have a clear potential for higher spending
than other games, perception biases regarding scratch cards gambling are frequent and
almost no one seeks help. Regulatory measures such as mandatory ID
presentation/recording and self-exclusion may have a strong effect mostly for those at
higher risk. There is an urgent need to act based on present findings and past warnings
regarding scratch cards gambling hazards.Introdução: O jogo da Raspadinha em Portugal é uma forma de jogo que está amplamente distribuída pelo país e tem algumas características aditivas, como por exemplo: recompensa imediata, pequeno intervalo entre a compra e a entrega do prémio e a facilidade de adquirir o jogo. Tem tido um crescimento considerável nos últimos anos, com um aumento das receitas cerca de 15 vezes desde 2010 até 2018, com um total de €1594 milhões investidos neste jogo. É também importante referir que este jogo de apostas funciona quase sem medidas de regulação. Objetivos: Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a população participante, a nível sociodemográfico e nos seus hábitos de jogo, determinar a frequência de jogadores de raspadinhas, sem risco, com risco potencial ou provável, bem como tentar perceber se existem medidas que possam ser efetivas na regulação deste jogo. Métodos: A amostra foi conseguida abordando os participantes nos locais de venda das raspadinhas. 200 pessoas consentiram a participação e foi-lhes entregue um questionário. O risco de jogo foi avaliado recorrendo ao uso da Escala de SOG. Foram realizadas analises descritiva e inferencial com uso do SPSS v22. Resultados: A frequência de jogadores sem risco de adição foi de 48%, com risco provável de jogo patológico de 33% e jogo patológico provável de 19%. 95% das pessoas referem participar noutros jogos, 34% já gastaram num dia >10€ nas raspadinhas enquanto que para os outros jogos, apenas 18% reportaram o mesmo (risco relativo: 1,8), e 9% gastou em média >100€/mês em raspadinhas, enquanto apenas 3% reportaram o mesmo para os outros jogos (risco relativo: 3.0). No que diz respeito a medidas de regulação, 27% disse que passaria a jogar menos caso fosse obrigatório apresentar uma forma de identificação e 71% concordou com a possibilidade de auto-exclusão. Conclusão: Em suma, estes resultados são preocupantes. Mais de metade dos participantes apresentam jogo patológico possível. As raspadinhas parecem ter potencial para gastos superiores a outros jogos e se há adições, ainda não há procura de ajuda. Medidas de regulação, caso sejam implementadas podem surtir efeito para os que mais precisam. Estes resultados, bem como chamadas de atenção anteriores, impõem uma ação rápida em relação a este problema.
48
Kindell, Gabrielle Lea. "Pulling the moon card." 2008. http://etd.utk.edu/August2008MastersTheses/KindellGabbrielleLea.pdf.
49
Smeh, John. "Smart card application design." Thesis, 2002. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/17896/.
Анотація:
This study investigated sociotechnical criteria in the design and specification
processes of smart card based projects through a case study. The adoption of the
innovations in the case study was investigated.
The study consisted of three phases: analysis, design and implementation. These were
in relation to sociotechnical design criteria and its incorporation into a design
methodology.
Results from this study indicated that the adoption of the innovations was largely
based on the design and specification processes. A formal model for these processes
was constructed based on the case study.
A recommendation for ongoing research into the refinement of the model presented is
suggested. A n extended research project may focus on the model, or on one specific
component.
50
Wang, Ching-yun, and 王景韻. "The influence of Credit Card Crisis on receivables of credit card issuing organizations." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64547020847067044068.
Анотація:
碩士國立中正大學
國際經濟所
96
The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the influence of Credit Card Crisis on two kinds of receivables-credit card revolving credit of credit card issuing organizations and cash advance, and to analyze the impact of ”Regulations on the Consumer Bankruptcy Proceeding” on credit card receivables. This paper also studies the development overview of current credit card market, in order to offer reference for credit card issuing organizations on how to improve quality of assets and develop business in the future. Based on the credit card related data on default account, bad account, revolving credit, cash advance, etc. as analytical variables, the empirical study of this research paper is conducted by using Johansen maximum likelihood method to estimate cointegration regression, so as to find out the long-term equilibrium and make analysis. The result of the empirical study shows that the main reason of the Credit Card Crisis is the revolving credit risk of the credit card. “Regulations on the Consumer Bankruptcy Proceeding”, which is aimed for assisting card debt people solving debt problem, causes negative impact on credit card receivables. Another development trend of “M” type is appearing in the business of the global credit card at present. One of the situations is the development of honor grade credit cards, and the other one is credit card for paying small amount. About the business of honor grade credit cards, our country is at the starting stage, expecting to be able to absorb the high-quality holders with the new products, in order to reduce the default risk of account receivable of credit card organizations. As to the development of the card for small amount payments, under present financial regulations, only banks are allowed to issue the multiple-purpose cash storage cards, which is unfavorable to the expanding of the business of electric money and further hinders the group integration of resources. So we should advise government to legislate as soon as possible, moderately open electric money market, and conduct supervision effectively. At present, under the competition of two major international organizations-VISA and MasterCard, all over the world the trend of development for global small amount payments are focus on Visa payWave and MasterCard PayPass-the contactless technology to credit cards combining with traffic tickets. If the financial organization of our country can combine electronic traffic tickets with VISA or MasterCard of contactless technology, which will help to develop internationalized electronic money in the future, reach the goal of “one card travelling the whole world”.