Статті в журналах: "Carcinomi renali"

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Lopez, Chiara, Martina Bollati, Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino, Nunzia Prencipe, Alessandro Maria Berton, Ezio Ghigo, Silvia Grottoli, and Mauro Maccario. "Le neoplasie associate a feocromocitoma/paraganglioma in quadri SDHx positivi o negativi: adenomi ipofisari, tumori stromali gastro-intestinali e tumori renali." L'Endocrinologo 22, no. 4 (August 2021): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-021-00928-y.

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SommarioI feocromocitomi e paragangliomi (PPGL) sono geneticamente determinati in almeno il 30% dei casi. Le mutazioni identificate più recentemente, in particolare quelle dei geni SDHx, possono favorire, seppur raramente, anche l’insorgenza di tumori stromali gastro-intestinali, carcinomi renali e adenomi ipofisari. Pertanto, in caso di diagnosi di una delle suddette neoplasie, il clinico dovrebbe valutare l’anamnesi personale e familiare alla ricerca di eventuali PPGL, così come in pazienti con PPGL associato a mutazione di SDHx, TMEM127 e MAX si dovrebbe indagare la presenza di neoplasie potenzialmente correlate.

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Matrana, Marc Ryan, Priya Rao, Bradley J. Atkinson, Charles Guo, and Nizar M. Tannir. "Therapies and outcomes of non-renal cell carcinoma (non-RCC) neoplasms of the kidney: A single-institution experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.431.

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431 Background: Non-RCC neoplasms of the kidney include neuroendocrine tumors (small cell carcinoma and carcinoid) and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET). Small cell carcinoma and renal carcinoids are small blue cell tumors that rarely occur as primary renal neoplasms. PNET, known as extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, is characterized by t(11;22), the gold standard for diagnosis. It is a small round cell tumor derived from the neural crest and treated with chemotherapy; the role of nephrectomy is unclear. Methods: We reviewed records of patients seen at MDACC between 01/01/2001 and 01/01/2011 for PNET, small cell carcinomas, and carcinoid tumors of the kidney. Overall survival (OS) was determined from diagnosis to death. Results: 21 pts met inclusion criteria. Disease-specific data is shown in the table. Common treatments included: carboplatin/etoposide for small cell carcinomas; vincristine/doxorubicin/ifosfamide, vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin/ifosfamide alternating with cisplatin/etoposide for PNET. Irinotecan was a common salvage agent in PNET. Most carcinoid tumors were treated with surgery alone. Two patients with small cell received whole brain radiation for brain metastases. Conclusions: Carcinoid tumors of the kidney had better outcomes compared to renal small cell carcinomas or PNET. Local carcinoid tumors of the kidney were generally managed with surgery alone. Renal small cell carcinomas and PNET were treated with systemic therapies. [Table: see text]

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Liddell, Heath, Anton Mare, Sean Heywood, Genevieve Bennett, and Hin Fan Chan. "Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Mimic of Conventional Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma on Core Biopsy." Case Reports in Urology 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/423908.

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Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCP-RCC) is a recently described, relatively uncommon variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with a reported incidence of 4.1%. Thought to only arise in those with end stage renal disease, CCP-RCC is increasingly identified in those without renal impairment. CCP-RCCs have unique morphologic, genetic, and immunohistochemical features distinguishing them from both conventional clear cell renal cell carcinomas and papillary renal cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, these tumors are positive for CK7 and negative for CD10 and racemase. This is in contrast to conventional cell renal cell carcinomas (CK7 negative, CD10 positive) and papillary cell carcinomas (CK7, CD10, and racemase positive). These tumours appear to be indolent in nature, with no current documented cases of metastatic spread. We present the case of a 42-year-old female who presented with an incidental finding of a renal mass that on a core biopsy was reported as clear cell carcinoma, Fuhrman grade 1. She subsequently underwent a radical nephrectomy and further histological examination revealed the tumor to be a clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma, Fuhrman grade 1.

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4

Cheng, Shaun Kian Hong, and Khoon Leong Chuah. "Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Pancreas: A Review." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 140, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2015-0135-rs.

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The pancreas is an unusual site for tumor metastasis, accounting for only 2% to 5% of all malignancies affecting the pancreas. The more common metastases affecting the pancreas include renal cell carcinomas, melanomas, colorectal carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and sarcomas. Although pancreatic involvement by nonrenal malignancies indicates widespread systemic disease, metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas often represents an isolated event and is thus amenable to surgical resection, which is associated with long-term survival. As such, it is important to accurately diagnose pancreatic involvement by metastatic renal cell carcinoma on histology, especially given that renal cell carcinoma metastasis may manifest more than a decade after its initial presentation and diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathologic findings of isolated renal cell carcinoma metastases of the pancreas, with special emphasis on separating metastatic renal cell carcinoma and its various differential diagnoses in the pancreas.

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Nikumbh, Dhiraj B. "Collecting duct carcinoma (Bellini Duct Carcinoma) of kidney-An overview." IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research 7, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.achr.2022.048.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than eighty-five percent of primary renal cell carcinomas with male preponderance in 5 to 7 decades. Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) constitutes for less than 1% of all renal cell carcinomas. Histopathological examination of all types of RCC is almost importance in view of therapeutic and prognostic implications of its varied subtypes. The purpose of this editorial is to highlight the morphology and rarity of collecting duct carcinoma and differentiation of it from papillary renal cell carcinoma.

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Young, Allison, and Lakshmi P. Kunju. "High-Grade Carcinomas Involving the Renal Sinus: Report of a Case and Review of the Differential Diagnosis and Immunohistochemical Expression." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0196-cr.

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We report the case of a high-grade carcinoma involving the kidney in a young male with renal vein thrombosis and review the differential diagnosis and immunohistochemical workup. High-grade neoplasms involving the renal sinus include collecting duct carcinomas (CDCs), renal medullary carcinomas (RMCs), invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the upper urinary tract, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma. Distinguishing UC from CDC and RMC is problematic in small biopsy samples. The diagnosis of CDC (a rare, aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma) is challenging and requires the exclusion of UC. Renal medullary carcinoma is characterized by an appropriate clinical setting and consistent loss of nuclear expression of integrase interactor 1 (INI-1). A panel consisting of p63, paired box gene 8 (PAX8), and INI-1 is most optimal in distinguishing UC from CDC and RMC. A subset of urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract may be positive with PAX8.

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Baranovska, V. V., A. M. Romanenko, and L. M. Zakhartseva. "HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):15-23.

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Introduction. Renal neoplasms are a common disease. Differential diagnostics of different tumor subtypes for prognosis and treatment is necessary given that some of them, like renal cell oncocytomas, are benign, and others, like chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, are malignant. Unfortunately, the histological similarity between these tumors makes accurate diagnostics difficult. In some cases, additional diagnostic methods such as immunohistochemistry should be used. The aim of our study is to analyze the histological characteristics of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and renal oncocytomas, in order to specify their pathognomonic features, allowing for the confirmation of the diagnosis. Materials and methods. We used data from histories of disease and histological postoperative material of 198 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. After the diagnosis was confirmed, we described the histological features of the tumors and calculated their relative prevalence amongst the renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma tissues. To conclude, we identified the histological features that are more likely to be present in the case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Conclusions. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are present in 31 % of our samples. Tumors are more prevalent in patients in their sixth and seventh decade. Most chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are unilateral. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas have a polymorphic histological structure. The classic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is more common than the eosinophilic one. A mixed variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is present in a minority of cases. The most common features of ChRCC are solid and alveolar growth patterns, clear and reticular cytoplasm, raisinoid nuclei. After comparing the relative prevalence of various histological features in renal oncocytomas to those present in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, we are able to ascertain that chromophobe renal cell carcinomas tend to exhibit the following features significantly more often than renal oncocytomas: differing nuclear size, raisinoid nuclei, reticular cytoplasm, clear cytoplasm. The particular features mentioned in the preceding paragraph, can be present on a small subset of the tumor tissue, and are thus, often missed during analysis, which can lead to misdiagnosis. In order to mitigate this risk, we recommend analyzing a big sample of tumor tissue and using additive methods such as immunohistochemistry with biomarkers CD 10 (56C6), CD 68 (KP1), Cytokeratin 7 (OV-TL 12/30), CD117/c-kit, Vimentin (Vim3B4), S-100 (4C4.9).

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Korkes, Fernando, Luiz Renato Montez Guidoni, Alvaro Alexandre Dias Bosco, Roni de Carvalho Fernandes, Marília Germanos de Castro, Moacyr Fucs, and Marjo Deninson Cardenuto Perez. "CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENAIS EM RIM TRANSPLANTADO: RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA." Brazilian Journal of Transplantation 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.53855/bjt.v8i3.391.

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Introdução e objetivo: A doença renal cística adquirida tem sido relatada em rins de pacientes com doença renal terminal sem tratamento, tratados com diálise ou que foram submetidos a transplante renal. A incidência de tumor renal em pacientes com doença renal cística adquirida submetidos à diálise é elevada. Recentemente, foram relatados casos de carcinoma de células renais ocorrendo nos rins primitivos com doença renal cística adquirida de pacientes submetidos a transplante. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever mais um caso de carcinoma renal em enxerto renal. Método e Relato do Caso: Relatamos um caso de carcinoma de células renais ocorrendo após 14 anos (169 meses) de transplante de doador vivo, no aloenxerto com doença renal cística adquirida, após ter evoluído com rejeição, tendo sido tratado com sucesso com a nefrectomia do enxerto. Conclusões: Pacientes submetidos a transplantes têm maior incidência de malignidade, quando comparados com a população geral. Incluindo este relato, são descritos 24 casos de neoplasias renais de novo em aloenxertos renais e, até onde vai nosso conhecimento, é o terceiro caso de carcinoma de células renais associado a doença renal cística adquirida em aloenxerto renal, e o primeiro da literatura nacional.

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Andrabi, Syed Aadil Shadaab, and Syed Mushtaq Ahmad Shah. "Bilateral renal cell carcinoma operated as right radical nephrectomy and left partial nephrectomy with histopathologically confirmed R0 resection." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202431.

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Bilateral renal tumors remain relatively uncommon, accounting for 1-5% of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Most sporadic renal cell carcinomas are unilateral and unifocal. Bilateral involvement can be synchronous or asynchronous and is found in 2-4% of sporadic renal cell carcinomas. We report a case of 70 years old male who was incidentally found to have bilateral renal masses. Right sided radical nephrectomy and left partial nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed clear cell carcinoma and confirmed R0 resection. The patient was discharged on 7th postoperative day.

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Lindgren, Valerie, Gladell P. Paner, Robert C. Flanigan, Joseph I. Clark, Steven C. Campbell, and Maria M. Picken. "Renal Tumor With Overlapping Distal Nephron Morphology and Karyotype." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-1274-rtwodn.

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Abstract Although most renal epithelial tumors are derived from the proximal nephron, approximately 10% are believed to originate in the distal nephron. This latter group encompasses oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and several rare types, including collecting duct carcinoma and renal medullary carcinoma. Despite progress in the classification of renal tumors, a small subset of renal carcinomas remains unclassified (ie, renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified). We describe a metastatic tumor consisting of cells with overlapping distal nephron morphologies, including foci of oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and collecting duct carcinoma, as well as sarcomatoid dedifferentiation. Special stains were inconclusive, and ultrastructural study demonstrated abundant mitochondria and no microvesicles. The karyotype was hypodiploid with 41 chromosomes and abnormalities reported in all 3 phenotypes present. Rearrangements of 1p and of 11q13 previously seen in divergent subsets of oncocytomas were concomitantly present in the current tumor. Thus, this malignancy has features consistent with distal nephron derivation and demonstrates the convergence of the varied tumor morphologies arising within this site. Furthermore, this case exemplifies the value of cytogenetic analysis in the characterization of renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified. In view of recent advances in treatment approach, especially for collecting duct carcinoma, further categorization of this nondescript and heterogeneous group of renal cell carcinomas, not otherwise specified, at least by its derivation in relationship to the renal nephron (distal vs proximal), may be of value in the choice of treatment modality.

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Osmanov, Y. I., E. A. Kogan, G. A. Demyashkin, and R. G. Nugumanov. "MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES OF SARCOMATOID RENAL CELL CARCINOMA." Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, no. 1 (2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-1-35-46.

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Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor and accounts for about 5% of allrenal cell carcinomas. The results of multivariate prognostic modeling show that the presence of sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma is an unfavorable predictor of the clinical course and underlying diseases. Objective - а comparative analysis of the expression of a number of proteins in carcinomatous and sarcomatoid components in various histological variants of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma and an assessment of their diagnostic significance. Surgical specimens from 49 patients diagnosed with renal neoplasms were investigated. Paraffin sections were immunohistochemically examined using the standard protocol. Based on the morphological analysis and IHC studies, out of 49 neoplasms in 24 (49%) cases revealed morphoimmunohistochemical signs of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, in 9 (18%) neoplasms chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, in 8 (16%) samples -papillary renal cell carcinoma, in 1 (2%) collecting duct carcinoma and in 2 (4%) cases, unclassified renal cell carcinoma. In 4 (8%) samples tumor cells did not express specific markers of renal cell carcinoma and in additional immunophenotyping 2 (4%) cases of leiomyosarcoma and solitary fibrous tumor were diagnosed, respectively, and in 1 (2%) case – monophasic synovial sarcoma. There is a relationship between the number of sarcomatoid cells and the tumor stage in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas. It was found that the number of sarcomatoid cells in the stages of pT3-pT4 (n=28; 64%), in the majority of cases (n=27; 96%), was more than 50% of the entire tumor population.

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ÇEÇEN, Ayşe, Esra KAVAZ, and Seda GÜN. "The clinical and prognostic value of the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, the platelet lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in tinnitus patients." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.3.8.

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Approximately 15% of renal cell carcinomas metastasize to the head and neck region. Here in, we report a rare case report of a patient who underwent nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ten years ago and presented with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on her lower lip. A 65-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing mass on the lower lip. Pathology report resulted in renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Although metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the head and neck is uncommon, metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing vascular lesion in the head and neck area of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

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ÇEÇEN, Ayşe, Esra KAVAZ, and Seda GÜN. "A rare case: Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to lower lip." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.3.38.

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Approximately 15% of renal cell carcinomas metastasize to the head and neck region. Here in, we report a rare case report of a patient who underwent nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ten years ago and presented with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on her lower lip. A 65-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing mass on the lower lip. Pathology report resulted in renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Although metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the head and neck is uncommon, metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing vascular lesion in the head and neck area of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

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de las Mulas, J. Martín, A. Espinosa de los Monteros, L. Carrasco, M. van Niel, and A. Fernández. "Immunohistochemical Distribution Pattern of Intermediate Filament Proteins in 50 Feline Neoplasms." Veterinary Pathology 32, no. 6 (November 1995): 692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589503200611.

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Twenty-eight epithelial and 22 nonepithelial feline tumors were studied immunohistochemically. Epithelial tumors were 10 squamous cell carcinomas, two basal cell tumors, two sebaceous gland carcinomas, three apocrine gland carcinomas, three thyroid papillary carcinomas, one thyroid solid carcinoma, one renal clear cell carcinoma, one renal papillary carcinoma, one endometrial carcinoma, and four lung bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Nonepithelial tumors were 10 fibrosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one leiomyosarcoma, one rhabdomyosarcoma, one hemangiosarcoma, two mast cell tumors, one osteosarcoma, three melanomas, and two lymphomas. Commercially available antibodies directed against high- and low-molecular-weight keratins (keratin, RCK-102, NCL-5D3), vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament intermediate filament (IF) proteins were used in the avidin—biotin–peroxidase complex technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples. All epithelial tumors except the endometrial carcinoma expressed some type of keratin protein. Squamous cell carcinomas expressed high-molecular-weight keratins exclusively. Coexpression of high- and low-molecular-weight keratins was observed in one basal cell tumor, sebaceous and apocrine adenocarcinomas, and thyroid, renal, and lung carcinomas. In addition to keratins, vimentin immunoreactivity was found in all basal cell tumors, all sebaceous gland, thyroid papillary, renal, and lung adenocarcinomas, and one of the apocrine gland adenocarcinomas. Immunoreactivity with GFAP antibody was found in one basal cell tumor and one sebaceous gland adenocarcinoma. The endometrial carcinoma did not react with any of the antibodies applied. Nonepithelial tumors analyzed expressed either vimentin (fibrosarcomas, liposarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumors, osteosarcomas, melanomas) or vimentin and desmin (leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, one fibrosarcoma) IF proteins exclusively. Lymphomas did not react with any of the antibodies employed. These findings indicate that IF proteins antibodies can be included in diagnostic panels of antibodies for immunocharacterization of feline tumors. In addition, they can be used as a basis for the diagnoses of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated feline neoplasms.

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Ali, Sundus, Adnan Qasim, Rahmatullah Salah, Muhammad Rizwan Sarwar, Muhammad Usman, and Shahzad Shams. "Isolated late intradural cauda equina metastasis of renal cell carcinoma." Surgical Neurology International 12 (September 30, 2021): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_721_2021.

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Background: The cauda equina (CE) is the most common site for intradural extramedullary metastasis from systemic malignancies such as lung, breast, and thyroid carcinomas. However, renal cell carcinomas (RCC), with their high metastatic potential, are rarely responsible for CE metastatic lesions. Here, we report an intradural cauda equina mass, as the first and only site of metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma. Case Description: A 55-year-old female had undergone a left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 8 years ago. She now presented with a unifocal renal cell metastasis to the CE. As such metastases are rare, establishing the correct pathological diagnosis proved to be a challenge. Conclusion: The cauda equina was the first and only site of an 8-year-delayed metastasis attributed to a renal cell carcinoma.

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Boumendil, Ikrame. "Localisation Buccale Secondaire D’un Carcinome Renal." Journal of Surgical Case Reports and Images 5, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1897/081.

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Renal cell carcinomas are tumors known for their metastatic potential. The lungs, the lymph nodes, the lungs, the spleen, the adrenal gland and the cervix remain the metastatic sites of predisposition. The symptoms of metastatic lesion may be due to the initial manifestation of renal malignancy. We report in this work a buccal localization of metastases from renal cell carcinoma to clear cells in a patient aged 65 years or less in our department of otolaryngology and cervical-facial surgery.

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Parkhi, Mayur, Aravind Sekar, Kalpesh Parmar, and Shubajit Mandal. "Early Occurrence of Two Distinct Histological Types of Renal Cell Carcinoma in End-Stage Renal Disease Patient on Haemodialysis." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 7, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): C183–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2911.

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Background: The occurrence of renal cell carcinoma is a well-known complication in end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis. Various histological types of renal cell carcinomas are observed in these patients and varies with the duration of haemodialysis. Though the synchronous association of two renal cell carcinomas in the patients are known, the existence of such dual renal tumours in the patient on dialysis is extremely rare and unheard in the English literature. Moreover, tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is rarely reported in this setting. Case report and Discussion: We describe an unusual early synchronous occurrence of two tumours with distinct histology i.e. Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC, type I) and Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma (TC-RCC) in a patient with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis for a duration less than a year. Though exact etiological factors peculiar to the occurrence of these tumours are not known, increased oxidative stress occurring in end-stage renal disease patient on haemodialysis might play an important role in carcinogenesis. Conclusion: Renal cell carcinoma with more than one histological type may occur exceedingly early without any symptoms in these patients. Radiologists and urologists should be aware of it for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Pathologists should also be more cautious while grossing and pick the sub-centimetric primary or secondary tumours that may have an impact on patient survival.

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Honda, H., C. E. Coffman, K. S. Berbaum, T. J. Barloon, and K. Masuda. "CT Analysis of Metastatic Neoplasms of the Kidney." Acta Radiologica 33, no. 1 (January 1992): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519203300108.

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The CT findings in 32 patients with pathologically proven metastases to the kidney were compared to findings in 74 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Fourteen CT criteria were chosen to describe and characterize the lesions and 2 radiologists evaluated the CT images retrospectively according to these criteria. Renal metastases were characterized as small, multiple, bilateral, wedge-shaped, less exophytic, and located within the renal capsule. Renal cell carcinomas were single, unilateral, nonwedge-shaped, and exophytic, and easily transgressed the renal capsule. The sensitivity of CT to discriminate renal cell carcinoma from renal metastasis was 93.2% for renal cell carcinoma, and to discriminate renal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma was 75.0% for renal metastases by computer posterior probabilities. This study indicates that CT is useful for distinguishing these clinically important tumors. By using posterior probability, some unnecessary biopsies may be avoided.

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Garcia, Ariane Simião, Beatriz Navarro Pinedo, Juliana Kurahashi Antiqueira, Larissa Macedo Fatel, Natália Machado Soldi, Patrícia Silva Jacob, Germana Alves Brito, et al. "Características Clínicas dos Pacientes Submetidos à Nefrectomia Parcial e Presença de Carcinoma Renal." Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia 63, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2017v63n2.140.

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Introdução: Existem poucos relatos correlacionando dados clínicos com a presença de carcinoma renal após o diagnóstico do tumor no exame de imagem. Objetivos: Analisar as características clínicas de pacientes submetidos à nefrectomia parcial (NP); correlacionar dados clínicos e da evolução no pós-operatório com a presença de carcinomas renais. Método: Estudo clínico observacional, retrospectivo, com 178 pacientes submetidos à NP entre 2009 a 2013. Foram avaliadas as características demográficas; morbidades: diabetes mellitus, hipertensão, doença cardiovascular; complicações do intra e pós-operatório e evolução. Os dados foram descritos em porcentagens, médias e desvio-padrão e significância estatística se p<0,05. Resultados: Foram analisados 178 pacientes de 54,0±13,4 anos, 61,2% do sexo masculino, 18,6% com tumores benignos e 81,4% com carcinomas renais. Entre os carcinomas, 69,7% foram de células claras e, entre os tumores benignos, 72,7% eram oncocitomas. A NP aberta foi realizada em 55,9% das vezes e em 44,1% por via laparoscópica. Após a cirurgia, 31,4 % necessitaram de unidade de terapia intensiva; 13,4 % apresentaram lesão renal aguda; 2,3 % alguma infecção; e 1,8% (n=3) foram a óbito após a alta. Entre as características, somente a obesidade e a redução do ritmo de filtração glomerular estimado (eRFG) em sete dias foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com carcinomas. Conclusões: Pacientes submetidos à NP eram predominantemente do sexo masculino e portadores de carcinomas de células claras. Pacientes com carcinomas eram mais obesos e tiveram maior redução do eRFG em sete dias do pós-operatório.

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Eldessouki, Ihab, Ola Gaber, Mahmoud A. Shehata, Tariq Namad, Joseph Atallah, Harsha Masineni, and Nagla Abdel Karim. "Papillary renal cell carcinoma: what is missing in research? A case report and a review of literature." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 7 (January 2019): 2050313X1986947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x19869475.

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The incidence of renal cell carcinomas in adults ranges has been increasing over the past decades in both men and women. Once the incidence was 2.9%, now is reported to have increased to 3%–5% with male predominance according to the most recent reports of cancer statistics. The disease typically describes a group of different histopathological subtypes; the most common is clear cell carcinoma which accounts for 70%–80% of the diagnosed cases, while papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe types represent 20% and 5%, respectively. In 1996, the renal cell carcinomas Heidelberg classification was introduced by Delahunt et al. It divides renal cell tumors into benign and malignant parenchymal neoplasms, excluding Wilm’s tumor and secondary metastases and limiting each subcategory to the most commonly documented genetic abnormalities, if applicable. In this report, we discuss a case of metastatic type I papillary renal cell carcinoma treated with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor sunitinib and showing marked long-term clinical response. Through this case, we highlight the importance of re-classifying papillary renal cell carcinoma subtypes to prioritize the clinical management of these cases.

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Maiettini, Daniele, Michele Bisaccia, Auro Caraffa, Luigi Meccariello, Gabriele Falzarano, Antonio Medici, Marta Rossi, Luigi Piscitelli, Giulio Metro, and Alberto Rebonato. "MULTIPLE FOOT BONE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA METASTASES: FEASIBILITY OF SIMULTANEOUS CT-GUIDED MICROWAVE ABLATION." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2, no. 3 (2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijsm.bone-renal-cell-carcinoma-metastases.

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22

Krishnan, Dr Ashida M. "Renal Cell Carcinoma- A Morphological Profile." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 05 (May 6, 2017): 21431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.36.

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23

Tillyashaykhov, Mirzagaleb, Elena Boyko, and Shakhnoza Jumaniyazova. "EXTRATUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-4-1.

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The review is focused on studying the immunosuppressive mechanisms acting in the microenvironment of renal cell carcinoma tumors. The report contains a collection of basic literature materials on the study of tumor growth factors that boost tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) limits the immune surveillance of tumor-associated antigens and the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although renal cell carcinoma is one of several tumor types sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, the efficacy of these agents is likely to be limited by different tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells of bone marrow that make up the TME. Several strategies aimed at eliminating the onset of these cells in tumor tissue or neutralizing their immunosuppressive function have shown encouraging results in animal tumor models and clinical trials.Keywords: cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), tumor microenvironment (MEV), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Tregs), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

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24

Zygomalas, A., DJ Papachristou, N. Katsiakis, A. Karatzas, T. Kourelis, K. Georgostathis, and D. Karavias. "First report of clear cell renal carcinoma metastasizing to the ischiorectal fossa 17 years after radical nephrectomy: an additional reason for lifelong follow-up." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 102, no. 9 (November 2020): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2020.0140.

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Renal cell carcinoma has a high propensity for metastatic spread. There are several case reports of metastatic renal cell carcinomas associated with rare metastatic sites, in many cases more than ten years after the initial diagnosis. We present a 60-year-old man with perianal pain and a mass in the ischiorectal space, revealed by computed tomography. The patient had a history of clear cell renal carcinoma operated on 17 years ago. A wire localization surgical excision of the ischiorectal fossa mass was performed. The pathological report revealed a metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a clear cell renal carcinoma metastasizing to the ischiorectal fossa reported in the literature. We therefore recommend that any newly discovered mass in any site of a patient with a history of renal cell carcinoma should be carefully explored and biopsied.

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25

Fujii, Shinya, Naoko Mukuda, Atsushi Murakami, Hiroto Yunaga, Shinichiro Kitao, Hidenao Miyoshi, and Kanae Nosaka. "CT and MR imaging findings of bilateral ovarian metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: a case report." Acta Radiologica Open 10, no. 2 (February 2021): 205846012199029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460121990293.

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Secondary ovarian involvement by renal cell carcinoma rarely occurs. Here, we describe the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of bilateral ovarian metastases from renal cell carcinoma that demonstrated heterogeneous strong contrast enhancing tumors with flow voids around and within the tumors. In addition, the apparent diffusion coefficients of the malignant tumors were high. These findings were similar to those of renal cell carcinomas at primary and other metastatic sites.

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26

Ammon, A., M. H. Weber, I. Wallner, N. Marschner, M. Droese, H. J. Gröne, and W. Hiddemann. "Expression of the Tumor-Associated Glycoproteins Mca, Ca 125 and Bw 495/36-P in Epithelial Tumors of the Kidney and the Urinary Bladder." International Journal of Biological Markers 9, no. 4 (October 1994): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089400900404.

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The differential expression of the tumor-associated glycoproteins MCA, CA 125 and BW 495/36-P was investigated in 11 renal cell carcinomas and 11 urinary bladder carcinomas and compared with their expression in non-neoplastic tissue preparations from the kidney (n = 9) and urinary bladder (n = 12). The glycoproteins were demonstrated immunohistologically in frozen sections and additionally, in some cases, in paraffin sections. MCA and BW 495/36-P positive cells were present in all preparations except for a grade I transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, in which no MCA-expression could be detected. In the non-neoplastic renal tissue mainly the cells of the distal tubuli were stained by the antibodies against these two glycoproteins. Carcinoma cells of the kidney and of the urinary bladder showed an increased expression of both epitopes. CA 125, in comparison, was strongly expressed in 3 of the 11 urinary bladder carcinomas investigated but could only be shown in a few cells of a single renal cell carcinoma. Normal renal tissue showed no and the urinary bladder only very isolated CA 125 positive epithelial cells. Apart from this distribution, strong staining of the connective tissue fibers with CA 125 antibody was seen in all paraffin sections, but not in the frozen sections. This leads to the supposition that in these structures there is a CA 125 cryptantigen. The consistent expression of MCA as well as the virtual lack of CA 125 in the renal cell carcinomas are in contrast with our previous serological results, in which patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomas showed increased CA 125 in approx. 50% of cases whereas only approx. 20% had increased MCA serum levels.

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Higgins, John P. T. "Gene Array Studies in Renal Neoplasia." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.109.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is comprised of several distinct histologic subtypes many of which have characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities. The molecular pathogenesis of some of these neoplasms is beginning to be elucidated. Yet renal cell carcinoma is often discovered at an advanced clinical stage and effective pharmacologic therapies for this disease remain to be discovered. For these reasons, renal cell carcinoma is ideally suited to the genome scale investigation made possible by DNA microarrays. A number of DNA array studies of renal cell carcinoma have been published. Renal cell carcinomas have also been studied by array based comparative genomic hybridization. The purpose of this review will be to summarize these studies, to compare the results of the different studies, and to suggest future areas of investigation with a particular emphasis on clinically relevant advances.

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Orellana, Fernanda Monteiro, Pablo Leonardo Traete, Victor Notari de Campos, Alan Rechamberg Ziroldo, and Luis Gustavo Morato de Toledo. "Clear - cell renal carcinoma: review of literature in pediatric population / Carcinoma renal de células-claras: revisão bibliográfica na população pediátrica." Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 65, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2020.65.017.

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ABSTRACT:Introduction: The first reports of renal tumors originated from the renal tubule epithelium date from 1855, Robin, and 1867, Waldeyer. However, at the same era, some pathologists wrong believed these tumors were originated from adrenal gland tissues due to the fat content of the tumor (hypernephroid tumor theory - origin above the kidney, 1894). The first diagnostic test for renal tumor was excretory urography. Over the years, with the emergence of ultrasonography (US), it has been replaced. Nowadays, after the US screening, all renal lesions should be evaluated, in a complementary way, with computed tomography (CT) - gold standard - in the pre-contrast, arterial, portal, nephrographic phases. This is necessary to characterize the presence of enhancement after contrast. A kidney injury that enhances more than 15 Housfield units (UH) is suspected of kidney cell cancer. There are different subtypes of renal tumors derived from various sites of the nephron. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the subtypes that originates from the renal cortex. It is a rare tumor in children. Objective: The aim of this chapter is to review de incidence, pathology, diagnosis and treatment in clear-cell renal carcinoma in pediatric population. Methods: The authors performed a literary review about clear-cell renal carcinoma in pediatric population using Pubmed Database and Campbell-Walsh Urology as source search.Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, Tumor, Pediatrics, Kidney, Nefrectomy ResumoRESUMO:Introdução: Os primeiros relatos de tumores renais originados do epitélio do túbulo renal datam de 1855, Robin, e 1867, Waldeyer. Contudo, na mesma época, alguns patologistas acreditavam erroneamente que esses tumores provinham dos tecidos das glândulas supra-renais, devido ao teor de gordura do tumor (hypernephroid tumor theory – origem acima do rim, 1894). O primeiro teste diagnóstico para tumor renal foi a urografia excretora. Ao longo dos anos, com o surgimento da ultrassonografia, esse teste foi substituído. Atualmente, após a leitura da ultrassonografia, todas as lesões renais devem ser avaliadas, de forma complementar, com tomografia computadorizada (TC) – padrão ouro – nas fases pré-contraste, arterial, porta e nefrográfica. Isso é necessário para caracterizar a presença de melhora após contraste. Uma lesão renal que aumenta mais de 15 unidades Housfield (UH) é suspeita de câncer de células renais. Existem diferentes subtipos de tumores derivados de vários locais do néfron. O carcinoma de células renais de células claras (CCR) é um dos subtipos originários do córtex renal. É um tumor raro em crianças. Objetivo: O objetivo deste capítulo é revisar a incidência, a patologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento do CCR na população pediátrica. Método: Os autores realizaram uma revisão literária sobre carcinoma renal de células claras em população pediátrica usando a base de dados PubMed e o livro Campbell-Walsh de Urologia como fonte de pesquisa.Palavras chave: Carcinoma de células renais, Tumor, Pediatria, Rim, Nefrectomia

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Badve, Sunil S., Rachel Dougherty, Michael Balatico, Kenneth A. Kesler, Patrick Loehrer, and Yesim Gökmen-Polar. "Thymic Carcinomas and Second Malignancies: A Single-Center Review." Cancers 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102472.

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Thymic carcinomas account for less than 0.01% of new cancer diagnoses annually and are more aggressive than thymomas. Autoimmune disorders have been associated with thymomas and only recently with thymic carcinomas. Second malignancies are well described after thymomas. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of second malignancies in patients with thymic carcinomas. All cases of thymic carcinomas were identified from the pathology archives of Indiana University. Histological materials were reviewed and further correlated with clinical data to identify incidence of second cancers in patients with thymic carcinomas. Histological material was available for review in 92 cases of thymic carcinoma. Clinical data were available for 85 patients. Fourteen of these (16.5%) patients had a second malignancy; these included small cell lung carcinoma, “testicular cancer”, embryonal carcinoma, seminoma, breast carcinoma (two cases), prostatic adenocarcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, bladder carcinoma (two cases), renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. The latter could precede, be concurrent with, or follow the diagnosis thymic carcinoma. The incidence of second cancers in patients with thymic carcinomas is similar to that reported for thymomas. Abnormalities in immunological surveillance may be responsible for this high incidence of second malignancies in thymic tumors.

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Veronese, Silvio, Rachele Volpe, Virgilio Dal Bo, Marcello Francini, Antonino Carbone, and Mauro Boiocchi. "Proliferative Activity in Human Urologic Malignancies: A Preliminary Study." Tumori Journal 73, no. 3 (June 1987): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168707300314.

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Cellular proliferative activity was evaluated by the determination of 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI) in 20 specimens of human urologic malignancies (13 renal cell carcinomas and 7 transitional cell bladder carcinomas). Very low LI values were found in renal cell carcinomas, with a median value of 0.28%. Slightly higher proliferative activities were observed in bladder carcinomas, with a median LI value of 1.96%. No significant correlations were found between proliferative activity and pathologic stage or histologic grading in renal cell carcinomas. Although the number of bladder carcinomas evaluated does not allow any definite conclusion, an increase in LI values was found from in situ to invasive carcinoma and from tumors at stage I to tumors at stage III.

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Figueirêdo, Sizenildo da Silva, Renato Santos Argollo, Marlos Augusto Bittencourt Costa, Flávia Aparecida de Souza Ribeiro, Bruno Barcelos da Nóbrega, Sebastião Alves Pinto, Leonardo Valadares Barbosa Lôbo, Marise Amaral Moreira Rebolças, and Kim-Ir-Sen Santos Teixeira. "Carcinoma renal sarcomatóide: achados de imagem e anatomopatológicos. A propósito de um caso." Radiologia Brasileira 36, no. 4 (August 2003): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-39842003000400011.

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O carcinoma renal sarcomatóide é uma neoplasia agressiva cujas características clínicas e radiológicas são similares às do carcinoma de células renais convencionais (células claras). O tumor é composto por camadas de células fusiformes malignas com aspectos imuno-histoquímicos e ultra-estruturais de células epiteliais e estromais, também podendo conter áreas mixóides de células gigantes osteoclasto-símile, células pleomórficas rabdomioblasto-símile, bem como outros componentes sarcomatóides raros. Os autores relatam um caso de carcinoma renal sarcomatóide em paciente do sexo masculino, com 54 anos de idade, apresentando a clássica tríade clínica do carcinoma de células renais. Ressaltam, também, as características macroscópicas e microscópicas típicas da lesão, e discutem os achados dos métodos de imagem e seu diagnóstico diferencial com sarcomas renais verdadeiros.

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Dafashy, Tamer J., Cameron K. Ghaffary, Kyle T. Keyes, and Joseph Sonstein. "Synchronous Renal Cell Carcinoma and Gastrointestinal Malignancies." Case Reports in Urology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7329463.

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While renal cell carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm of the kidney, its simultaneous diagnosis with a gastrointestinal malignancy is a rare, but well reported phenomenon. This discussion focuses on three independent cases in which each patient was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and a unique synchronous gastrointestinal malignancy. Case1explores the diagnosis and surgical intervention of a 66-year-old male patient synchronously diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and a carcinoid tumor of the small bowel. Case2describes the diagnosis and surgical intervention of a 61-year-old male found to have clear cell renal cell carcinoma and a mucinous appendiceal neoplasm. Lastly, Case3focuses on the interventions and management of a 36-year-old female diagnosed with synchronous clear cell renal carcinoma and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. This case series examines each distinct patient’s presentation, discusses the diagnosis, and compares and contrasts the findings while discussing the literature on this topic.

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Pearson, Lauren, Douglas J. Taatjes, Michele von Turkovich, Benjamin J. King, and Maryam Zenali. "A Composite Renal Tumor with Dual Differentiation, Chromophobe and Collecting Duct Carcinoma." Case Reports in Pathology 2018 (August 30, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2410920.

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Chromophobe carcinoma constitutes a small subset of all renal carcinomas. Within this category, rare tumors with divergent differentiation have been recognized. Herein, we report a rare case of composite chromophobe and collecting duct carcinoma and describe its pathologic and clinical features.

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34

Gopinath, Arun, Aysha Mubeen, Mohsin Jamal, Ibraheem Mohammed, Dheeraj Reddy Gopireddy, and Brett Baskovich. "Biphasic Hyalinizing Psammomatous Renal Cell Carcinoma: Another Provisional Entity Emerging From the Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Pandora's Box." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 29, no. 7 (March 17, 2021): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896921998435.

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Papillary renal cell carcinoma (especially type 2) is a Pandora's box with many newly described renal cell carcinomas emerging from it as a result of enhanced molecular techniques. Biphasic hyalinizing psammomatous renal cell carcinoma (BHPRCC) is the latest addition, which was first described a few months ago. Here, we report a case of BHPRCC to supplement the very limited literature available about this entity, and to highlight the characteristic morphology as well as the recurring molecular alterations in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene.

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Onak Kandemir, Nilufer, Figen Barut, Kıvanç Yılmaz, Husnu Tokgoz, Mubin Hosnuter, and Sukru Oguz Ozdamar. "Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Cutaneous Metastasis: A Case Report." Case Reports in Medicine 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/913734.

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Renal cell carcinoma is the most common kidney tumor in adults. Cutaneous metastasis is a rare first symptom of the disease. This paper describes the diagnosis of a renal cell carcinoma that was indicated by cutaneous metastasis in the head and neck region, and considers the etiopathogenesis of such cases. A careful skin examination is important to detect cutaneous metastasis associated with renal cell carcinomas. Metastatic skin lesions in the head and neck region must be taken into consideration during a differential diagnosis.

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Jindal, T., N. Jain, and A. Agarwal. "Type II papillary renal cell carcinoma with heterotrophic ossification: a case report." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 100, no. 3 (March 2018): e49-e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2017.0212.

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Heterotrophic ossification in tumours is an uncommon phenomenon. The presence of ossification in renal cell carcinomas is extremely rare. In this report, we present a unique case of type II papillary renal cell carcinoma associated with heterotrophic ossification.

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Paredes-Guerra, Gloria, Javier Larios-León, and Carol Gonzales-Gonzales. "Carcinoma renal con translocación xp11.2 en una infante." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25176/rfmh.v20i1.2556.

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Oertling, Estelle, Cacey Peters, Robert Wood, Jonathan Silberstein, Andrew B. Sholl, and Nadja K. Falk. "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma with heterotopic bone formation: A case report and literature review." Case Reports in Clinical Pathology 5, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/crcp.v5n2p16.

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The phenomenon of heterotopic bone formation (osseous metaplasia) is defined as an abnormal ossification of non-skeletal tissues and does represent a rare occurrence in the renal cell carcinoma setting. We describe a case of a 40-year old man with bilateral renal cell carcinomas of the histological clear cell subtype, with the right-sided renal cell carcinoma demonstrating heterotopic bone formation, as well as the presence of intratumoral adipose tissue. The etiology of bone formation in a renal cell carcinoma is unclear, but possible explanations include a response to tissue ischemia and the expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2. The detection of these rare morphologic variations is of paramount importance, not to be mistaken as sarcomatoid transformation and renal sinus fat invasion, which would advance the pathologic tumor stage and aggressiveness of the disease.

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Rioux-Leclercq, Nathalie C., and Jonathan I. Epstein. "Renal Cell Carcinoma With Intratumoral Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition in Patients With Acquired Cystic Disease of the Kidney." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): e89-e92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-e89-rccwic.

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Abstract We describe 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma arising in acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for more than 5 years and provide a brief review of the complications of ACDK. In both cases, abundant calcium oxalate crystals were observed within the tumors. Histologically, one of the tumors was a conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma. The other tumor was a bilateral papillary renal cell carcinoma. Both tumors were high-grade carcinomas with extensive oncocytic (acidophilic) features. Also noted within the kidneys were cysts with atypical papillary hyperplasia. The clinicopathologic findings along with review of the literature suggest a relationship between tumor growth and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in patients undergoing hemodialysis with ACDK.

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Ferro, Maria Cecília, Douglas Alexandre Espírito Santo, André Luís Bettiati, and Marcelo Welker Sapojkin Rossine. "Carcinoma de células renais papilífero tipo 2 de apresentação infrequente: relato de caso." Revista da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba 20, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1984-4840.2018v20i1a10.

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Os Carcinomas de Células Renais (CCRs) compreendem 1% a 3% de todas as neoplasias malignas viscerais e é mais prevalente em pacientes do sexo masculino. No Brasil, a incidência desta neoplasia varia entre 7-10 casos por 100.000 habitantes/ano nas áreas mais industrializadas. O tabagismo é um fator de risco definitivo para o CCR. Outros fatores relacionados, porém, não esclarecidos definitivamente, incluem obesidade, hipertensão arterial, e terapêutica com estrogênios. Os CCRs em suas fases iniciais não manifestam sinais ou sintomas característicos, o que dificulta o seu diagnóstico precoce. Mais de 60% dos casos de tumores renais são diagnosticados incidentalmente durante realização de exames de imagem, principalmente em decorrência da utilização crescente da ultrassonografia (US) e tomografia computadorizada (TC). Cerca de 70 a 80% dos CCRs são carcinomas de células claras. Tumores papilares aparecem em 10 a 15% dos casos e tumores cromófobos em cerca de 3 a 5%. O restante são tipos mais raros de neoplasia. Essa classificação histológica é extremamente importante por determinar significativas implicações prognósticas e terapêuticas. O presente artigo apresenta o relato de um caso de carcinoma renal papilífero de tipo 2, diagnosticado em paciente do sexo feminino, com grandes dimensões e padrão predominantemente cístico, variantes infrequentes dos carcinomas de células renais.

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Leveridge, Mike, Phillip A. Isotalo, Alexander H. Boag, and Jun Kawakami. "Synchronous ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis." Canadian Urological Association Journal 3, no. 1 (April 25, 2013): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1025.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma of the upperurinary tract are not uncommon urological malignancies. Theirsimultaneous occurrence in a patient is, however, extraordinarilyrare. We report the case of a patient who underwent laparoscopicnephrectomy for suspected RCC. Preoperative imaging wassuspicious for renal pelvic involvement, which was confirmedupon bivalving the fresh specimen at the time of surgery, with thediscovery of a separate urothelium-based lesion. We discuss thisrare occurrence and our management approach.Individuellement, l’hypernéphrome et le carcinome urothélial desvoies urinaires supérieures ne sont pas des tumeurs urologiquesrares. Leur survenue simultanée chez un même patient est cependantextrêmement rare. La reconnaissance préopératoire ou intraopératoireest cruciale afin que soit effectuée la résection urétéralerequise. Nous décrivons un cas d’hypernéphrome et de carcinomeurothélial simultanés et homolatéraux.

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Li, Kecheng, Cheng-Liang Wan, and Yan Guo. "Circular RNA circMTO1 Suppresses RCC Cancer Cell Progression via miR9/LMX1A Axis." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (January 1, 2020): 153303382091428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820914286.

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Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common kidney cancer, which accounts almost 90% of the adult renal malignancies worldwide. In recent years, a new class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, exert important roles in cell function and certain types of pathological responses, especially in cancers, generally by acting as a microRNA sponge. Circular RNAs could act as sponge to regulate the microRNA and the target genes. However, the knowledge about circular RNAs in renal cell carcinoma remains unclear so far. In the research, we selected a highly expressed novel circular RNAs named circMTO1 in renal cell carcinomas. We investigated the roles of circMTO1 and found that circMTO1 overexpression could suppress cell proliferation and metastases in both A497 and 786-O renal cancer cells, while silencing of circMTO1 could promote the progression in SN12C and OS-RC-2 renal cancer cells. The study showed that circMTO1 acted as miR9 and miR223 sponge and inhibited their levels. Furthermore, silencing of circMTO1 in renal cell carcinoma could downregulate LMX1A, the target of miR-9, resulting in the promotion of renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, LMX1A expression suppression induced by transfection of miR9 mimics confirmed that miR9 exerted its function in renal cell carcinoma by regulating LMX1A expression. What’s more, miR9 inhibitor and LMX1A overexpression could block the tumor-promoting effect of circMTO1 silencing. In conclusion, circMTO1 suppresses renal cell carcinoma progression by circMTO1/miR9/ LMX1A, indicating that circMTO1 may be a potential target in renal cell carcinoma therapy.

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Yan, Benjamin C., A. Craig Mackinnon, and Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie. "Recent Developments in the Pathology of Renal Tumors: Morphology and Molecular Characteristics of Select Entities." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 133, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/133.7.1026.

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Abstract Context.—Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors with distinct histopathologic features, molecular characteristics, and clinical outcome. These tumors can be sporadic as well as familial or associated with syndromes. The genetic abnormalities underlying these syndromes have been identified and were subsequently found in corresponding sporadic renal tumors. Objective.—To review the recent molecular and genetic advancements relating to sporadic and familial renal carcinomas as well as those related to Xp11.2 translocation– associated renal cell carcinoma and renal medullary carcinoma. Data Sources.—Literature review, personal experience, and material from the University of Chicago. Conclusions.—Molecular genetic diagnostic techniques will continue to introduce new biomarkers that will aid in the differential diagnosis of difficult cases. The identification of specific signaling pathways that are defective in certain renal tumors also makes possible the development of new therapies that selectively target the aberrant activity of the defective proteins.

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Bukowski, Ronald M. "S9 Renal Cell Carcinoma : Developing Therapeutic Approaches(Keynote Lecture,Symposium 9「Recent Trend of Treatment for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma」)." Japanese Journal of Urology 97, no. 2 (2006): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.97.155.

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45

Kapcio, Kevin, Kamila Skalski, and Vikram Dogra. "Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome: A Case Report Describing Sonographic Evaluation of Salivary Gland Oncocytomas." American Journal of Sonography 2 (June 25, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajs-1-2019.

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Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder associated with autosomal dominant hereditary epithelial carcinomas, in which patients have an increased incidence of renal cell carcinomas, scattered hamartomas, pulmonary cysts, and spontaneous pneumothoraces. Other less common findings include lipomas, parathyroid adenomas, salivary gland tumors, and colonic polyps/tumors. Early diagnosis of BHD can help establish renal screening and reduce mortality by early detection and more effective treatment of renal cell carcinoma. This case report describes the sonographic features of salivary gland oncocytomas found in a patient with BHD.

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Caliò, Anna, Diego Segala, Enrico Munari, Matteo Brunelli, and Guido Martignoni. "MiT Family Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma: from the Early Descriptions to the Current Knowledge." Cancers 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081110.

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The new category of MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma has been included into the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2016. The MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma comprises Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma harboring TFE3 gene fusions and t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma harboring TFEB gene fusion. At the beginning, they were recognized in childhood; nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that these neoplasms can occur in adults as well. In the nineties, among Xp11 renal cell carcinoma, ASPL, PRCC, and SFPQ (PSF) were the first genes recognized as partners in TFE3 rearrangement. Recently, many other genes have been identified, and a wide spectrum of morphologies has been described. For this reason, the diagnosis may be challenging based on the histology, and the differential diagnosis includes the most common renal cell neoplasms and pure epithelioid PEComa/epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the kidney. During the last decades, many efforts have been made to identify immunohistochemical markers to reach the right diagnosis. To date, staining for PAX8, cathepsin K, and melanogenesis markers are the most useful identifiers. However, the diagnosis requires the demonstration of the chromosomal rearrangement, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is considered the gold standard. The outcome of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma is highly variable, with some patients surviving decades with indolent disease and others dying rapidly of progressive disease. Despite most instances of t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma having an indolent clinical course, a few published cases demonstrate aggressive behavior. Recently, renal cell carcinomas with TFEB amplification have been described in connection with t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma. Those tumors appear to be associated with a more aggressive clinical course. For the aggressive cases of MiT family translocation carcinoma, the optimal therapy remains to be determined; however, new target therapies seem to be promising, and the search for predictive markers is mandatory.

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Sidharth, Mr, B. R. Luitel, D. K. Gupta, P. Maskey, P. R. Chalise, U. K. Sharma, P. R. Gyawali, G. K. Shrestha, G. Sayami, and B. R. Joshi. "Pattern of Renal Cell Carcinoma – A Single Center Experience in Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 9, no. 3 (June 11, 2012): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i3.6302.

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Background Renal tumor is the 13th most common malignancy in the world and more than 90% of renal tumors are renal cell carcinomas. As there is no data available on renal cell carcinoma in Nepal, hence this study was undertaken to analyze the patterns of renal cell carcinoma in patients with renal mass at a tertiary level hospital in Nepal. Objectives To analyze the patterns of renal cell carcinoma in patients with renal mass at a tertiary level hospital in Nepal. Methods The case records of 50 consecutive patients with renal cell carcinoma presenting at the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from July 2006 to June 2011 were retrospectively evaluated for presenting symptoms, physical finding, investigation and histopathology report. Results Out of 50 patients, 64% were male and 36% were female. The age ranged between 11 to 78 years (mean ± SD: 55 ± 15 years). Fifty four percent of patients were smokers. Incidentally tumor was detected in 40% cases by ultrasonography and the typical triad was present in only 4%. The tumor was occupying upper pole in 40% of cases. The tumor size ranged from 3 to 15 cm (mean ± SD: 7.3 ± 2.9 cm). Histopathologically, 76% of the patient had organ confined renal cell carcinoma (T1-2 N0 M0). Clear cell was the most common type seen in 86%. Fuhrman’s nuclear grade 2 was found in 50%. ConclusionMany of the renal cell carcinoma are detected incidentally, at an early stage and are of clear cell subtype.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i3.6302 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(3):185-8

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Cakmak, Ozgur, Cemal Selcuk Isoglu, Ercument Aziz Peker, Huseyin Tarhan, Ulku Kucuk, Orcun Celik, Ferruh Zorlu, and Yusuf Ozlem Ilbey. "Renal cell carcinoma in patient with crossed fused renal ectopia." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 87, no. 4 (January 14, 2016): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2015.4.330.

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Primary renal cell carcinomas have rarely been reported in patients with crossed fused renal ectopia. We presented a patient with right to left crossed fused kidney harbouring renal tumor. The most frequent tumor encountered in crossed fused renal ectopia is renal cell carcinoma. In this case, partial nephrectomy was performed which pave way to preservation of the uninvolved both renal units. Due to unpredictable anatomy, careful preoperative planning and meticulous delineation of renal vasculature is essential for preservation of the uninvolved renal units.

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Malouf, Gabriel G., Ronan Flippot, and David Khayat. "Therapeutic Strategies for Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Whom First-Line Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor–Directed Therapies Fail." Journal of Oncology Practice 12, no. 5 (May 2016): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2016.011809.

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Metastases are present in one third of renal cell carcinomas at diagnosis. The overall survival duration in metastatic renal cell carcinoma is approximately 22 months, which underlines the need for more effective systemic treatments. Therapies on the basis of antiangiogenic agents and inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin have been approved for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, but only benefits for progression-free survival were demonstrated in the second-line setting. Fortunately, promising treatments are emerging, from new antiangiogenic agents to immune checkpoint inhibitors. For the first time, both an immune checkpoint inhibitor (nivolumab) and a dual inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases c-Met and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (cabozantinib) have demonstrated improvements in overall survival in the second-line setting. Finding the best sequence for these novel agents will be crucial to improving outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This article comprises both a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for second-line therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in whom inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor have failed.

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Çalışkan, Selahattin. "Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios predict high grade and advanced stage renal cell carcinoma." International Journal of Biological Markers 34, no. 1 (March 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1724600818817557.

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Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney, which accounts 85% of all renal tumors. In recent years, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma was increased due to the widespread use of imaging techniques. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios in patients with renal cell carcinomas. Methods: The patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal tumor between 2010 and 2018 in two centers were reviewed retrospectively. The age, sex, complete blood test, and pathological results were recorded. The patients who were diagnosed with other carcinomas, benign renal tumors, and missing data of age, complete blood test, and pathological results, were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups according to the T stage and Fuhrman grade, T1-2 and T3-4, G1-2 and G3-4. Results: There were 271 patients in the current study. The male to female ratio was 1.97 and the mean age of the patients was 59.37±11.62 years. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was the most common subtype in 72.7% of the patients. Both the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in patients with high-grade and advanced-stage disease than in the others. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed no significant difference between platelet to lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to diagnose the high grade and stage of renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios are easily accessible biomarkers which are used for the prognosis of malignancy. The current study found that these biomarkers may predict the pathological results during the preoperative period.

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