Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Carcinogenèse hépatocellulaire"
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Дисертації з теми "Carcinogenèse hépatocellulaire":
Charni, Faten. "Rôles de la chimiokine RANTES/CCL5 dans la carcinogenèse hépatique." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132043.
In addition to their physiologic effects in inflammation and angiogenesis, chemokines are involved in cancer pathology. This study demonstrates that chemokine RANTES/CCL5 induce the migration, invasion and spreading of human hepatoma Huh7, HepG2 and Hep3 cells. This study also indicates that the receptor CCR1 and the two membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans, syndecan-1 and syndecan -4, may be required for HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 cells migration, invasion and spreading induced by the chemokine. Targeting the RANTES/CCL5-glycosaminoglycan interaction could be a new therapeutic approach for HCC. We have also developed a parallel line of bio-clinical research consisting of study of the influence of two functional genetic polymorphisms in the RANTES/CCL5 promoter RANTES/CCL5 C-28G and RANTES/CCL5 G-403A on the risk of HCC occurrence in patients with alcoholic or HCV-related cirrhosis. RANTES/CCL5 C-28G and G-403A promoter dimorphisms and RANTES/CCL5 serum levels were assessed in 243 HCV-infected patients and 253 alcoholic patients, included at the time of diagnosis of cirrhosis and prospectively followed-up. This study suggests an influence of the chemokine RANTES/CCL5 G-403A dimorphism on the occurrence of HCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
Geoffre, Nicolas. "Modulation de la carcinogenèse hépatique par une protéine de l’immunité innée REG3A." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ030.
The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer developing mainly on a cirrhotic background. HCC is the 6th most commonly occurring and the 2nd most deadly cancer in the world. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in HCC making it difficult to develop effective treatments against this aggressive cancer. Our study investigated the effects of a human C-type lectin, REG3A, on liver carcinogenesis. REG3A is a secreted 16 kDa protein, which binds specific poly/oligosaccharides targets and acts on various inflamed and cancerous organs in autocrine and paracrine manner. REG3A displays several biological activities in cell growth and survival, the tissue protection against inflammation and oxidative stress. Its role in carcinogenesis is still controversial. We demonstrated that overexpression of REG3A delayed the onset of HCC in two murine models of chemical and genetic carcinogenesis. We showed that the slow-down effect of REG3A was associated with a significant reduction of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins. We described how this phenomenon unbalances the stability / degradation of the c-MYC oncogene, promotes c-MYC degradation and slows tumor development at least in our experimental models. Overall, our study reveals a link between lectin, O-GlcNAcylation and carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which REG3A regulates O-GlcNAcylation remain to be elucidated
Fares, Nadim. "La sous-expression de TLR3 : un mécanisme d'échappement à l'apoptose durant la carcinogenèse hépatique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1086.
Introduction: The receptor TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) detects viral or cellular double-stranded RNA; it is expressed in human hepatocytes in which its activation generates a pro-inflammatory response mediated by the production of type I interferon. In cancer cells, TLR3 can cause apoptosis by its ability to activate the extrinsic pathway of caspases. Our goal was to characterize the expression and functionality of TLR3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: This work was conducted in a translational way. In vitro: the role of TLR3 was in a model of transformation of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) by the oncogene SV40LT-ST and H-RasG12V. In vivo: the impact of TLR3 was studied in a mouse model expressing the SV40 oncogene with wild-type TLR3 (TLR3 + / +) or invalidated (TLR3 - / - ). Finally, a French cohort of 126 patients operated on with a CHC of all etiologies was analyzed in order to evaluate the prognostic value in terms of recurrence of the receptor expression at mRNA (q-rt-PCR), protein (Western Blot) levels in the tumoral compared to the non-tumoral liver. Results: In vitro, PHH trasformation by SV40LT-ST and H-RasG12V is asociated with a drastic decrease of TLR3 expression at mRNA and protein levels. A forced expression of TLR3 before SV40LT-ST transduction is responsible for the apoptosis of the cells. In vivo, in the SV40 mouse model, CHC foci were significantly higher in SV40-TLR3- / - mice than in SV40-TLR3+ / + mice at 8, 10 and 12 weeks. In addition, in SV40-TLR3- / - mice, comparison of apoptosis showed a significant decrease in hepatic parenchyma compared to SV40-TLR3+ / + mice with no impact on hepatic proliferation or immune cell infiltration. Finally, in a cohort of 126 patients with resected HCC, the downregulation of TLR3 mRNA (compared to a panel of normal livers) was significantly associated with early post-resection recurrence in univariate analysis (HR = 1.79 [1.04 - 3.06] p = 0.03) and multivariate (HR = 1.73 [1.01-2.97] p = 0.04). The prognostic impact of TLR3 downrégulation was validated in a large cohort of 306 resected CHCs from the Cancer genome Atlas (TCGA). Conclusion: TLR3 downregulation is an escape mechanism to apoptosis during hepatocarcinogenesis. TLR3 expression could be used as a prognosis biomarker since the absence of TLR3 is associated with recurrence. On the other hand, the presence of TLR3 constitutes a therapeutic target
Friand, Véronique. "Rôles des chimiokines SDF-1/CXCL12 et RANTES/CCL5 dans la carcinogenèse hépatique : Modulation de leurs effets pro-tumoraux par des mimétiques de glycosaminoglycannes." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132009.
In addition to their physiologic effects in inflammation and angiogenesis, chemokines are involved in cancer pathology. This study demonstrates that the CXC-chemokine Stromal cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 and the CC-chemokine Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell expressed, and presumably Secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 induce the growth, migration, and invasion of human hepatoma Huh7 cells. This biological effects induction depends on chemokine binding to the cell. SDF-1/CXCL12 and RANTES/CCL5 bind to their respective GPCR: CXCR4 and CCR1 at the plasma membrane of Huh7 cells. In addition to GPCR, chemokine binding depends on glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Indeed, SDF-1/CXCL12 and RANTES/CCL5 associate with syndecan-4 (SDC-4), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan at the plasma membrane of Huh7 cells. In this study, we demonstrate that GAG mimetics inhibit SDF-1/CXCL12 and RANTES/CCL5-mediated chemotaxis effects. Indeed, GAG mimetics may compete with cellular heparan sulfate chains for the binding to SDF-1/CXCL12 and RANTES/CCL5 and, in case of SDF-1/CXCL12, may affect heparanase expression, leading to reduced chemokines-mediated chemotaxis and growth of hepatoma cells in vitro. Targeting the chemokine-glycosaminoglycan interaction could be a new therapeutic approach for human hepatocellular carcinoma
Paysan, Lisa. "Implication de la protéine Rnd3/RhoE dans la physiologie et la carcinogenèse hépatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0275/document.
The study of the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinogenesis revealed the significant down-regulation of the RhoGTPase Rnd3/RhoE in hepatocellular carcinoma as compared to non- tumor liver. Rnd3 down-regulation provides an invasive advantage to tumor hepatocytes suggesting that RND3 might represent a metastasis suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. This PhD work was divided in two axes. We first studied the role of Rnd3 in the mouse liver using carcinogenesis and liver regeneration protocols. We thus generated conditional and liver specific Rnd3 KO mice (KORnd3Hep). The first results obtained after partial hepatectomy suggest a delay in liver regeneration for the KORnd3Hep mice. We also developed a carcinogenesis strategy in KORnd3Hep mice using diethylnitrosamine treatment. The second axis focused on invadosomes, which are actin-based structures involved in cell invasion. We have determined a minimal and universal molecular signaturefor functional invadosomes, which involves the RhoGTPase Cdc42 and the adaptor protein TksS. We also highlighted the role of Rnd3 in invadosome degradation. ln conclusion, this work provides new tools and new insights on Rnd3 function in hepatic physiopathology and cellular invasion
Quétier, Ivan. "Protéine HBx du Virus de l’Hépatite B : impact sur la prolifération et la carcinogenèse hépatique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T051.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide health issue, as it is estimated that 350 millions people are chronically infected. Among the viral proteins, HBx is thought to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. In this work, we were interested in biological differences between HBx sequence from non tumoral region (HBx-NT) compared to HBx from tumoral region (HBx-T) from a single patient. In particular, we studied liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy et hepatocarcinogenesis in a transgenic mice model. We demonstrated that HBx-T did not modulate liver regenereation. We also showed that HBx-NT induced IL-6 overexpression during priming phase of liver regeneration, and that IL-6 overexpression was involved in STAT3 hyperactivation, SOCS3 accumulation and inhibition of ERK. Overall, HBx-NT induced IL-6 overexpression was responsible for a delay in liver regeneration. Moreover, we showed that HBx-T induced a faster development of hepatic tumor after DEN initiation, compared to HBx-NT. Both HBx forms were involved in an apoptosis sensibilization during acute liver injury, that could be involved in co-carcinogenic effect of HBx-T and HBx-NT. Overall, my results participate to the comprehension of HBx impact on liver carcinogenesis
Bluteau, Olivier. "Recherche de gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs impliqués dans la carcinogenèse hépatique humaine." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077027.
Benzoubir, Nassima. "Rôle du TGF-béta dans la carcinogenèse hépatique liée au virus de l’hépatite C." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T080/document.
Chronic HCV infection) may progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV core binds several cellular proteins and in particular Smad3, a major protein of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-Β) signalling.. The aim of this study was to determine the implication of HCV core protein in TGF-Β responses. High genetic variability is a characteristic of HCV and it was previously shown that HCV core protein isolated from tumour (cT) or adjacent non-Tumour (cNT) livers displayed different sequences. Both were able to shift TGF-B responses from tumour suppressor to tumour promotor by decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis and increasing epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT). Core cT was more potent than core cNT to promote this effect that was mainly attributed to the capacity of HCV core to alleviate Smad3 activity. Moreover, HCV core protein activated the latent form of TGF-Β through increased thrombospondin expression. It is commonly accepted that αSMA (alpha smooth muscle actin) is a hallmark of EMT. In the current study another SMA isoform, γSMA was found to be polymerized during hepatocyte EMT. γSMA was expressed in HCC tissues and correlated with EMT, stem cell and aggressiveness markers. In conclusion, this work contributed to a better understanding of the HCV core role in hepatitis fibrosis and HCC related to HCV. Indeed, HCV core might act both as an autocrine and paracrine way by modulating TGF-Β responses within hepatocytes and by activating hepatic stellate cells in stromal environment through its capacity to activate TGF-Β
Li, Sijing. "Critical role of ACBP/DBI in hepatocellularcarcinogenesis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL021.
The curative options are limited to early-stage HCC (surgery), while HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages. Other treatment strategies mostly have (at best) a temporary impact on disease progression with limited effect on long-term outcomes. Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP) encoded by diazepam binding inhibitor (OBI) is involved in various human diseases, while its function and mechanisms remain elusive. Three different in vivo models combined with three kinds of ACBP/DBI inhibition strategies associated with several multi-omics approaches were used to explore the implication of ACBP/DBI in HCC. OBI mRNA was consistently overexpressed in tumor versus non-tumor tissues in public HCC datasets, and high OBI mRNA levels were associated with poor outcomes in HCC patients. ACBP/DBI inhibition mitigated hepatocarcinogenesis in all the in vivo models. Bulk RNA-seq data suggested that ACBP/DBI inhibition dysregulated genes involved in cell cycle, proliferation, cell death (ferroptosis, autophagy, apoptosis, or necrosis) and immunosuppressive-related pathways. qRT-PCR, immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that ACBP/BDI inhibition downregulated genes required for cell cycle advancement and upregulated genes that black the cell cycle confirming the anti-proliferation effects of ACBP/DBI inhibition. Further, we confirmed the upregulation of ferroptosis driver and downregulation of ferroptosis suppressor bath at mRNA and protein levels upon ACBP/DBI inhibition. Moreover, ACBP/DBI inhibition increased HCC responses to PD-1 blockade, and sensitized HCC to the therapeutic induction of ferroptosis in several functional studies. Ali these results suggest that ACBP/DBI constitutes an actionable target involved in HCC pathogenesis
Popineau, Lucie. "Régulation de l’homéostasie métabolique hépatique : contrôle par Grb14 de la sensibilité à l’insuline et influence de la stéatose sur la carcinogenèse." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T028.
The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, are expanding in a worldwide epidemic way. These diseases are associated with metabolic disorders, resulting in the development of NAFLD (Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) in the liver. NAFLD is generated by excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes, and is associated with insulin resistance. In liver, insulin resistance leads to a blunted inhibitory action on hepatic glucose production, inducing hyperglycemia, whereas de novo lipogenesis, which is positively regulated by insulin, is paradoxically exacerbated, contributing to hepatic steatosis. Steatosis may also evolve into more serious diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of my thesis was to study the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the selectivity of hepatic insulin resistance and the development of HCC. Initially, we studied the role of the molecular adapter Grb14, an inhibitor of the insulin receptor kinase activity, in the regulation of hepatic metabolism in mice. Invalidation of Grb14 in the liver leads on the one hand to an activation of the insulin signaling and improved glucose tolerance, and on the other hand to a decrease of LXR activity resulting in lipogenesis inhibition. Invalidation of Grb14 in the liver of obese and diabetic mice restores blood glucose levels and hepatic steatosis similar to control values. These data suggest that Grb14 is a new player involved in the selectivity of the insulin resistance in the liver. The second study demonstrated the involvement of hepatic steatosis induced by a high‐calorie diet on the development of HCC. Indeed, on a genetic background favoring carcinogenesis, a diet rich in fat and sugar contributing to hepatic insulin resistance accelerates appearance of tumors and increases their number