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Статті в журналах з теми "Carcasse bovine"
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SELLIER, P., J. BOUIX, G. RENAND, and M. MOLÉNAT. "Les objectifs et les critères de sélection : Les aptitudes bouchères : croissance, efficacité alimentaire et qualité de la carcasse." INRAE Productions Animales 5, HS (December 2, 1992): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1992.5.hs.4278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les programmes de sélection sur les aptitudes bouchères ont un double objectif : l’abaissement du coût de production et l’amélioration de la qualité du produit. Cet article rappelle un certain nombre de données de base sur les aptitudes bouchères : courbe de croissance, évolution de la composition chimique et tissulaire chez l’animal en croissance (notion d’allométrie), énergétique de la croissance (relation entre efficacité alimentaire et croissance musculaire), développement des tissus musculaire et adipeux, qualités de la viande et du gras. Les objectifs et les critères de sélection sont décrits pour chacune des espèces bovine, ovine et porcine. L’importance relative accordée aux différents caractères (vitesse de croissance, efficacité alimentaire, teneur en viande de la carcasse, qualité de la viande) varie selon l’espèce. Chez les bovins allaitants et les ovins, l’évaluation génétique des mâles repose dans un premier temp sur le contrôle individuel et dans un second temps sur le contrôle de descendance. Chez le porc, la composition corporelle peut être estimée avec précision sur l’animal vivant (échographie aux ultra-sons) et le contrôle individuel a été largement utilisé dans les deux dernières décennies.
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HELPS, C. R., A. V. FISHER, D. A. HARBOUR, D. H. O'NEILL, and A. C. KNIGHT. "Transfer of Spinal Cord Material to Subsequent Bovine Carcasses at Splitting." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.9.1921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the slaughter process, cattle carcasses are split by sawing centrally down the vertebral column, resulting in contamination of each half with spinal cord material. Using a novel method based on a real-time PCR assay, we measured saw-mediated tissue transfer among carcasses. Up to 2.5% of the tissue recovered from each of the five subsequent carcasses by swabbing the split vertebral face came from the first carcass to be split; approximately 9 mg was spinal cord tissue. Under controlled conditions in an experimental abattoir, between 23 and 135 g of tissue accumulated in the saw after splitting five to eight carcasses. Of the total tissue recovered, between 10 and 15% originated from the first carcass, and between 7 and 61 mg was spinal cord tissue from the first carcass. At commercial plants in the United Kingdom, between 6 and 101 g of tissue was recovered from the saw, depending on the particular saw-washing procedure and number of carcasses processed. Therefore, if a carcass infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy were to enter the slaughter line, the main risk of subsequent carcass contamination would come from the tissue debris that accumulates in the splitting saw. This work highlights the importance of effective saw cleaning and indicates that design modifications are required to minimize the accumulation of spinal cord tissue debris and, hence, the risk of cross-contamination of carcasses.
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LEGRAND, I., Jean-François HOCQUETTE, C. DENOYELLE, and C. BIÈCHE-TERRIER. "La gestion des nombreux critères de qualité de la viande bovine : une approche complexe." INRA Productions Animales 29, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2016.29.3.2959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La filière bovine est importante en Europe, mais doit faire face à un contexte économique difficile, notamment en raison d’une baisse régulière de la consommation de viande par personne. Les opérateurs de l’élevage à la transformation dégagent peu de marges et les circuits de commercialisation sont de plus en plus complexes et déconnectés de la carcasse, base sur laquelle est encore rémunéré l’éleveur. En parallèle, les comportements des consommateurs évoluent par leurs lieux d’achat, la nature des produits consommés et les attentes qui se sont diversifiées au fil des années, amenant la recherche et le développement à élargir largement son champ d’action. Alors que les actions étaient centrées sur la production et son efficacité dans les années 1970-80, le champ de recherche a progressivement pris en compte les caractéristiques intrinsèques de la viande que sont les qualités sensorielles, sanitaires et nutritionnelles. S’y sont ajoutées plus récemment des qualités associées au produit (appelées qualités extrinsèques) répondant à des attentes sociétales larges, en lien avec les modes de production : bien-être animal, impact environnemental et durabilité des élevages. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter des approches de recherche transversales et intégrées qui sont souvent les seules à apporter les résultats escomptés, ainsi qu’illustré pour la maîtrise d’un risque sanitaire ou la prédiction de la qualité d’une viande en bouche. Certaines lacunes dans les connaissances subsistent encore sur ces aspects, mais de nombreux résultats sont disponibles, bien qu’ils ne soient pas toujours pris en compte dans les pratiques des opérateurs. Des travaux en lien direct avec les attentes des consommateurs sont de plus en plus nécessaires. La recherche doit apporter des outils intégratifs pour prédire de façon objective les qualités intrinsèques de la viande, mais aussi ses qualités extrinsèques. Un fort besoin d’innovation se fait effectivement ressentir pour conquérir de nouveaux marchés et répondre aux attentes sociétales. La combinaison des qualités intrinsèques et extrinsèques afin de mieux satisfaire les consommateurs est un enjeu majeur pour l’avenir de la filière viande bovine et plus largement de la filière viande de ruminants.
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Rodrigues, Rayane Marques, Thaiany Oliveira Martins, and Diego Pierotti Procópio. "Economic loss from the main causes of whole bovine carcass condemnation in slaughterhouses supervised by the Federal Inspection Service in São Paulo state from 2010 to 2019." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (May 10, 2022): e55220. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.55220.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to analyze and determine the economic loss from the main causes of whole bovine carcass condemnation in slaughterhouses that are inspected by the Federal Inspection Service in the state of São Paulo for the period from 2010 to 2019. Economic loss was calculated from multiplication of the number of whole carcasses condemned by the mean yield of meat per carcass and the mean annual price of beef. The monetary values were updated to the year 2019, using the IGP-DI [General Price Index]. The results indicated an economic loss of R$ 4.06 billion from the whole condemnation of bovine carcasses and the main causes were contamination (R$ 1.73 billion), abscess (R$ 283.20 million), urinary cyst (R$ 194.14 million), emphysema (R$ 107.00 million) and nephritis (R$ 107.52 million). The main factors associated with the whole condemnation of bovine carcasses are failures in the pre-slaughter management and in the slaughter stages, as well as nutritional disorders. Consequently, to minimize such losses in beef production in São Paulo state it is recommended to adopt good production practices and train slaughterhouse employees.
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Mendonça, Fábio Souza, Ricardo Zambarda Vaz, Willian Silveira Leal, João Restle, Leonir Luiz Pascoal, Marcia Bitencourt Vaz, and Gustavo Duarte Farias. "Genetic group and horns presence in injuries and economic losses of bovine carcasses." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 6 (December 14, 2016): 4265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Assessment of carcass bruises in steers and cull females, classified during truck unloading at the slaughterhouse according to genetic dominance in zebu and taurine cattle, and the presence of horns, including polled, horned and mixed batches. We considered horned the batches that included more than 20% of horned animals and mixed the batches that included less than 20% horned animals. The data were collected in a commercial slaughterhouse and included 93 batches, with a total of 2,520 animals, from different regions of South Brazil. After evisceration, the bruises were identified and recorded in the different carcass regions: hip, round, ribs, forequarter and loin area per animal and batch. The weights of the removed tissue due to bruising was based on the average weights of various samples of bruises according to their degree of severity. Regarding the number of bruises per animal, no differences (P> 0.05) were observed between genetic groups, however, when comparing the total bruises per batch, differences were observed in all carcass regions, except for the forequarter, with more number of injuries in zebu than in taurine carcasses. The individual assessment showed 86.2% (P<.05) more bruises in the ribs region in horned than in polled animals carcasses. Horned batches had higher bruises mean (P<.05) compared to the polled, with increases of 65.1; 131.7 e 132.8 % in total bruises in the carcass, ribs and forequarter, respectively. The mixed batches did not differ from polled and horned batches. Zebu animals were responsible for higher industry loss totaling 1.21 kg, resulting in a economic loss of R $ 15.48 per carcass. The presence of horns resulted in greater carcass loss, 1.131 kg, with economic loss of R $ 16.11 per carcass. The bruises on carcasses are affected by the breed group and presence of horns, with zebu and horned groups causing major economic losses for the meat production chain.
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POWER, CHRISTINE A., ROGER P. JOHNSON, SCOTT A. McEWEN, W. BRUCE McNAB, MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS, W. RONALD USBORNE, and STEPHANIE A. DE GRANDIS. "Evaluation of the Reveal and SafePath Rapid Escherichia coli O157 Detection Tests for Use on Bovine Feces and Carcasses." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.7.860.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Reveal (Neogen Corp., Lansing, Mich.) and SafePath (SafePath Laboratories LLC, St. Paul, Minn.) tests were evaluated for their performance as beef fecal and beef carcass Escherichia coli O157:H7 monitoring tests. Agreement between these tests and a reference test system was determined using naturally contaminated bovine feces and beef carcasses. The reference system utilized immunomagnetic separation with plating onto cefixime, tellurite, sorbitol MacConkey agar, followed by colony testing using a serum agglutination test for the O157 antigen. Relative to this reference method, the Reveal test showed a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 82% on bovine feces and a specificity of 99% on carcass samples. The SafePath test, demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity at 79% and a similar specificity of 79%. On carcass samples the SafePath test performed similarly to the Reveal test, demonstrating a specificity of 100% relative to the reference system. There was an insufficient number of E. coli O157-positive carcass samples to estimate precisely the sensitivity of these two methods. Both methods show promise as rapid carcass monitoring tests, but further field testing to estimate sensitivity is needed to complete their evaluation. The proportion of positive fecal samples for E. coli O157:H7 by the reference method ranged from 10.2% to 36% in 10 lots of cattle with an overall mean of 17.3% (39/225). Quarter carcass sponging of 125 carcasses revealed 1.6% positive for the pathogen (2/125).
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Gregory, N. G., and P. J. Murray. "Effect of hot chining beef carcasses on tenderness of the eye muscle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
If bovine spongiform encephalopathy were found to be transmitted vertically it might become necessary to remove the spinal cord intact from all beef carcasses. One way of achieving this would be to chine the carcass, thus avoiding contamination of the edible carcass with spinal cord during carcass splitting. In line with this possible development, this study examined whether hot chining would help to tenderise beef longissimus dorsi muscle through a tenderstretch effect. Ten beef animals were slaughtered, dressed and split in the conventional way. One side from each carcass was then chined at 50 min post slaughter and chilled overnight at 1 to 2°C.
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LASTA, JORGE A., RICARDO RODRÍGUEZ, MARTA ZANELLI, and CARLOS A. MARGARÍA. "Bacterial Count from Bovine Carcasses as an Indicator of Hygiene at Slaughtering Places: A Proposal for Sampling." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.4.271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A sampling technique by which the whole carcass is rubbed with a polyurethane sponge was used to study bacterial status on 523 beef carcasses at six different slaughterhouses over four different years. Although some abattoirs were differentiated based upon the psychrotroph counts from their carcasses, effects on counts of visits and season of sample taking, as well as interaction year x abattoir found at the other plants were large enough to mask the abattoir effect. Mesophile counts were not consistent enough to discriminate abattoirs, while, Enterobacteria, total and fecal coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-positive organisms showed very low counts and did not set apart differences. A guideline to monitor beef carcass hygiene and indirectely the hygiene of the slaughtering practices through the psychrotroph counts is proposed. A two-kinds sampling plan is suggested with “right-incorrect” as levels of hygiene. A sample unit (n) of 10, an acceptance number of contaminated carcasses (c) of 3, and a count limit (m) of 103 CFU/cm2 are proposed. Under this guideline, a lot of carcasses will be deemed as hygiene lacking when 4 or more, out of 10 carcasses, yield counts of 103 CFU/cm2 or higher.
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Aalhus, J. L., R. D. Thacker, I. L. Larsen, J. C. Roberts, M. A. Price, and M. Juárez. "Control Points To Reduce Movement of Central Nervous System Tissue during Beef Slaughter." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 2 (January 27, 2017): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Consumption of central nervous system tissue (CNST) from cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is thought to cause the human neurological disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. To identify points of cross-contamination of beef carcasses with CNST, 55 young beef cattle were slaughtered and processed through a federally inspected multispecies abattoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate CNST spread following the placement of a plug in the penetration site of the skull after captive bolt stunning, to evaluate cross-contamination of carcasses before and after splitting, to compare the effects of hot water pasteurization (84°C for 10 s) versus cold water wash (10°C for 30 s) for reducing CNST on the carcass, and to examine other possible sources of cross-contamination in the abattoir. Results indicated that the use of a plastic plug reduced CNST contamination near the bolt penetration site. This study also confirmed that carcass splitting resulted in an increase in CNST contamination at various areas of the carcass. Hot water pasteurization appeared to be an effective means of removing CNST contamination from carcasses in most of the areas sampled.
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BOWLING, M. B., R. S. YEMM, K. E. BELK, J. N. SOFOS, G. C. SMITH, and J. A. SCANGA. "An Evaluation of Central Nervous System Cross-Contamination Due to Carcass Splitting in Commercial Beef-Packing Plants." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.1.83.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four experiments were conducted in commercial beef-packing facilities The objectives of these experiments were to: (i) determine and validate a carcass sampling technique and location to determine if central nervous system (CNS) cross-contamination exists/occurs; (ii) determine if residual CNS tissue contamination remains on splitting saws after sanitation procedures; (iii) determine the prevalence of CNS cross-contamination in commercial slaughter facilities; (iv) determine whether washing treatments reduce or eliminate CNS tissue presence in carcass-splitting saws; (v) determine the effectiveness of commercial spray-washing systems in removing CNS tissue from beef carcasses; and (vi) compare residual CNS tissue levels on the blade and in the housings of the Jarvis Buster IX and Buster IV carcass-splitting saws. CNS tissue remained, albeit at very low levels, in the housings and on the blades of carcass-splitting saws after carcass splitting and operational sanitation. Additionally, after splitting carcasses, CNS tissue remaining in the splitting saw housings and on saw blades was found to cross-contaminate subsequent carcasses during splitting. Most splitting saw operational sanitation procedures reduced the amount of CNS tissue remaining in the splitting saw housings and on splitting saw blades, but no treatment eliminated CNS tissue from either to levels below the detection limit of the assay (6 ng/100 cm2). Washing in carcass spray-washing cabinets at three of the five commercial beef-packing facilities reduced, but did not eliminate, presence of CNS tissue in the aitch bone area of carcasses. Carcass spray washing in cabinets at three of the five facilities reduced (P <0.05) the concentration of CNS tissue in the fourth thoracic vertebra area. While extremely low concentrations of CNS tissue remained in the splitting saw housings, on the splitting saw blades, and on carcasses, it is unknown whether these levels would pose a human food safety risk because the exact amount of bovine spongiform encephalopathy–infected spinal cord capable of transmitting the disease to humans is dependent on the infectivity titer, which is not readily known.
Дисертації з теми "Carcasse bovine"
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Liu, Jingjing. "What is the best future for beef? Better eating quality? Cultured “meat”?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC105.
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Al-Jammas, Marwa. "Prédiction de la composition de la carcasse basée sur le métabolisme des nutriments absorbés : vers une évolution des recommandations alimentaires des jeunes bovins." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le système INRA d’alimentation des Ruminants prédit les réponses de l’animal à des variations d’apports d’aliments ingérés. Toutefois, il évalue mal l’influence de l’alimentation sur la qualité des productions, et en particulier la qualité de la carcasse de bovins dont dépend le paiement des animaux aux producteurs. Pour un type d’animal donné, les poids et composition de la carcasse en lipides et protéines sont prédits par le modèle MECSIC (Hoch et Agabriel, 2004) à partir de l’énergie métabolisable ingérée calculée selon le système INRA de valeur énergétique des aliments et des rations. Or une étude bibliographique suggère que la composition des dépôts dépend aussi pour partie de la composition des rations qui détermine la nature des produits terminaux issus de la digestion des rations et le devenir métabolique des nutriments. Pour tester cette hypothèse, l’objectif fut d’étudier l’effet de la nature de la ration à même quantité énergie métabolisable (EM) ingérée sur la composition des dépôts et de la carcasse. Cet objectif est ciblé sur les bovins mâles en croissance. Les étapes principales de la thèse ont consisté à i) construire une base des données à partir des publications internationales traitant des effets de la variation des rations ingérées sur la composition de la carcasse chez les jeunes bovins, ii) explorer les relations entre la composition de la carcasse et la composition de la ration et sa métabolisabilité. La constitution de la base de données a montré que la composition de la carcasse n’est mesurée que dans 20% des publications, les 80% restantes l’ayant évalué par des mesures indirectes (index USA de rendement de viande, épaisseur de gras sous cutané, persillé, surface de muscle…) qui ne sont pas reliées entre elles. Une étape de recherche préliminaire a été mise en place pour quantifier par méta-analyse les relations entre mesures directes et indirectes de la composition de la carcasse dans le but d’utiliser le maximum de publications pour la suite de la thèse. Nous avons montré que seuls deux indicateurs (index USA de rendement de viande et épaisseur de gras sous-cutané) reflètent correctement la composition de la carcasse et peuvent être utilisés pour établir les lois de variation de sa qualité selon les conditions d’alimentation. Une autre méta-analyse a permis d’explorer à niveaux d’ingestion d’EM similaires, les réponses marginales des dépôts de lipides et protéines dans la carcasse, à des variations strictes de teneurs de la ration en EE, PDI, NDF ou du rapport Amidon/NDF, tout en considérant sa métabolisabilité (q=EM/EB). L’accroissement du rapport Amidon/NDF augmente la teneur en lipides des carcasses mais en deçà d’un seuil de métabolisabilité de la ration de 0,65, i.e. si les rations ont plus de 36% de fourrages. Au-delà de ce seuil, qui correspond à un rapport Amidon/ NDF minimal voisin de 2, il n’y a plus d’effet. Ainsi à même EMI, la composition du gain (et donc l’énergie nette déposée) ne varierait pas linéairement avec la métabolisabilité q de la ration. De plus la teneur en PDI augmente significativement la proportion de lipides de la carcasse (et réduit celle des protéines), surtout si le niveau global d’apports de PDI est limité et ne dépasse pas 2,5 fois les besoins d’entretien en PDI. La teneur en EE a peu d’effets. Ces caractéristiques de ration conduisent à des profils de nutriments (rapport entre nutriments glucogéniques et cétogéniques, azote-alpha-aminé) qui sont aussi discriminants pour la composition de la carcasse. Nos résultats suggèrent qu’il faut considérer les effets de la nature de la ration dans la modélisation de la composition de la carcasse des bovins selon l’EM ingérée. Cela pourra faire l’objet d’une modification significative du modèle de croissance (MECSIC) pour améliorer son pouvoir prédictifThe INRA feeding system for Ruminants predicts the animal's responses to changes in feed intake. However, it poorly evaluates the influence of feed intake on the quality of productions, and in particular the quality of bovine carcass, on which the payment of animals to the producers depends. For a given type of animal, the carcass weight and its composition in lipids and proteins are predicted by the MECSIC model (Hoch and Agabriel, 2004) from the intake of metabolizable energy calculated from the INRA energy system. However, a literature review suggests that the composition of the depots also partly depends on the composition of the rations, which determines the nature of the digestion end products, and the metabolic fate of the nutrients. To test this hypothesis, the objective was to study the effects of the nature of the ration at similar metabolizable energy intake (MEI) on the composition of the carcass. This study is targeted to growing male cattle. The main steps of the thesis consisted of (i) building a database based on international publications on the effects of dietary intake on carcass composition in young cattle, (ii) exploring the relationships between carcass composition and the composition and metabolisability of the ration. The database showed that the composition of the carcass was measured in only 20% of the publications; the remaining 80% evaluated it by indirect measurements (USA yield grade, fat thickness, marbling, ribeye area ...). A preliminary research step was developed to quantify by meta-analysis the relationships between direct and indirect measurements of carcass composition in order to use the maximum number of publications for the rest of the thesis. We have shown that only two indicators (USA yield grade and fat thickness) correctly reflect the composition of the carcass and can be used to establish the response equations of carcass quality to dietary conditions. Another meta-analysis explored the marginal responses of lipid and protein depots in the carcass to strict variations in the dietary concentrations of EE, PDI, NDF or of the starch / NDF ratio, while considering its metabolisability (q = EM / EB). An increase in the starch / NDF ratio increases the lipid content of the carcasses but below a metabolizability threshold of 0.65, i.e. when rations contain more than 36% fodder. Beyond this threshold, which corresponds to a minimum starch / NDF ratio close to 2, there is no longer any effect. Thus, at similar MEI, the composition of the gain (and therefore the net energy deposited) does not vary linearly with the metabolisability q of the diet. Furthermore, the PDI content significantly increases the proportion of carcass lipids (and reduces that of proteins), especially if the overall level of PDI intake is limited and does not exceed 2.5 fold the maintenance requirements in PDI. The dietary EE content has little effect. These diet characteristics result in nutrient profiles (glucogenic / ketogenic ration, alpha-amino-N) which also discriminate carcass composition. Our results suggest that the effects of the nature of the ration should be considered when modeling the carcass composition of bovine animals from MEI. This should lead to significant changes in the MECSIC growth model to improve its predictive power
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Suguisawa, Liliane [UNESP]. "Identificação de genótipos superiores para crescimento e qualidade de carcaça em bovinos de corte submetidos ao modelo biológico superprecose." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104126.
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suguisawa_l_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 499077 bytes, checksum: 7a31e3d5612551f60fc9635b1ff1fffb (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O Sistema de Produção de Novilhos Superprecoces é considerado hoje o único sistema padronizado de produção de bovinos de corte, em prática no Brasil, que prediz a qualidade total dos produtos cárneos e seus sub-produtos. Tal sistema permite obter animais jovens, em torno de um ano, prontos para o abate, com terminação adequada de cobertura de gordura na carcaça. Atualmente as técnicas de genética molecular permitem identificar e clonar genes responsáveis pela síntese de proteínas que atuam nas vias metabólicas relacionadas ao crescimento animal e partição de nutrientes para os diferentes tecidos auxiliando o melhoramento genético. Considerando a importância do efeito dos genes do Hormônio do Crescimento e seu receptor, Leptina, STAT5A, Calpaína e Calpastatina no metabolismo animal, buscou-se neste trabalho estudar 9 polimorfismos genéticos e verificar a existência de associação com os índices mais importantes de crescimento, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos submetidos ao Sistema Superprecoce, durante três sucessivos anos de confinamento experimental. Para tanto, foram avaliados 500 animais para os polimorfismos do GH/AluI e GHRm, e 300 animais para o restante dos polimorfismos gênicos. Os animais foram desmamados aos sete meses de idade em sistema creep-feeding e posteriormente submetidos a confinamento por 120 dias. Os polimorfismos foram analisados pela técnica PCR-RFLP e STR. O efeito dos genótipos sobre as características estudadas foi analisado utilizando-se o procedimento GLM (SAS) e as médias dos quadrados mínimos dos genótipos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As características mais importantes do crescimento foram influenciadas significativamente pelos polimorfismos do GH/DdeI, GHR/StuI, LEPT/Kpn2I, STAT5A/DdeI e CAPN2/HhaI (P<0,01). As características de carcaça foram associadas significativamente com os polimorfismos...
The Novilho Superprecoce System is considered the only beef cattle production system in Brazil that determines the total quality of meat products and by-products. The animals were slaughtered at one year old with appropriate carcass backfat. The molecular genetics studies have resulted in the identification of genes with a key role in the determination of production traits, improving the animal breeding. Considering the importance of Growth Hormone, GH receptor, Leptin, STAT5A, Calpain and Calpastatin genes at the animal metabolism, the objectives of this work were the study of 9 genes polymorphisms on the DNA sequence and their associations with the most important growth, carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle raised at the Superprecoce System, during three years consecutives of feedlot. A total of 500 animals to the GH/AluI and GHRm polymorphisms, and 300 animals to the remaining genes polymorphisms were analyzed. The animals were weaned at 7 months old at the creepfeeding and raised at the feedlot system for 120 days. The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and STR methodology. The genotype effects at the traits were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS and the least square means of the genotypes were compared by Tukey test. The most important growth traits were influenced by GH/DdeI, GHR/StuI, LEPT/Kpn2I, STAT5A/DdeI and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). The carcass traits were associated with GHR/StuI,LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). Nevertheless, just tenderness, of the meat quality traits, showed a significant relationship with the GHRm microssatelite, LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI polymorphisms (P<0,01)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Suguisawa, Liliane. "Identificação de genótipos superiores para crescimento e qualidade de carcaça em bovinos de corte submetidos ao modelo biológico superprecose /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumo: O Sistema de Produção de Novilhos Superprecoces é considerado hoje o único sistema padronizado de produção de bovinos de corte, em prática no Brasil, que prediz a qualidade total dos produtos cárneos e seus sub-produtos. Tal sistema permite obter animais jovens, em torno de um ano, prontos para o abate, com terminação adequada de cobertura de gordura na carcaça. Atualmente as técnicas de genética molecular permitem identificar e clonar genes responsáveis pela síntese de proteínas que atuam nas vias metabólicas relacionadas ao crescimento animal e partição de nutrientes para os diferentes tecidos auxiliando o melhoramento genético. Considerando a importância do efeito dos genes do Hormônio do Crescimento e seu receptor, Leptina, STAT5A, Calpaína e Calpastatina no metabolismo animal, buscou-se neste trabalho estudar 9 polimorfismos genéticos e verificar a existência de associação com os índices mais importantes de crescimento, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos submetidos ao Sistema Superprecoce, durante três sucessivos anos de confinamento experimental. Para tanto, foram avaliados 500 animais para os polimorfismos do GH/AluI e GHRm, e 300 animais para o restante dos polimorfismos gênicos. Os animais foram desmamados aos sete meses de idade em sistema creep-feeding e posteriormente submetidos a confinamento por 120 dias. Os polimorfismos foram analisados pela técnica PCR-RFLP e STR. O efeito dos genótipos sobre as características estudadas foi analisado utilizando-se o procedimento GLM (SAS) e as médias dos quadrados mínimos dos genótipos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As características mais importantes do crescimento foram influenciadas significativamente pelos polimorfismos do GH/DdeI, GHR/StuI, LEPT/Kpn2I, STAT5A/DdeI e CAPN2/HhaI (P<0,01). As características de carcaça foram associadas significativamente com os polimorfismos...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The Novilho Superprecoce System is considered the only beef cattle production system in Brazil that determines the total quality of meat products and by-products. The animals were slaughtered at one year old with appropriate carcass backfat. The molecular genetics studies have resulted in the identification of genes with a key role in the determination of production traits, improving the animal breeding. Considering the importance of Growth Hormone, GH receptor, Leptin, STAT5A, Calpain and Calpastatin genes at the animal metabolism, the objectives of this work were the study of 9 genes polymorphisms on the DNA sequence and their associations with the most important growth, carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle raised at the Superprecoce System, during three years consecutives of feedlot. A total of 500 animals to the GH/AluI and GHRm polymorphisms, and 300 animals to the remaining genes polymorphisms were analyzed. The animals were weaned at 7 months old at the creepfeeding and raised at the feedlot system for 120 days. The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and STR methodology. The genotype effects at the traits were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS and the least square means of the genotypes were compared by Tukey test. The most important growth traits were influenced by GH/DdeI, GHR/StuI, LEPT/Kpn2I, STAT5A/DdeI and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). The carcass traits were associated with GHR/StuI,LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI genes polymorphisms (P<0,01). Nevertheless, just tenderness, of the meat quality traits, showed a significant relationship with the GHRm microssatelite, LEPT/Kpn2I and CAPN2/HhaI polymorphisms (P<0,01)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Antônio Carlos Silveira
Coorientador: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
Coorientador: Catalina Romero Lopes
Doutor
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Fontoura, Cristianne Lino [UNESP]. "Estudo microbiológico em carcaças bovinas e influência da refrigeração sobre a microbiota contaminante." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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fontoura_cl_me_jabo.pdf: 235669 bytes, checksum: fca01c25cc9edf7cab4df726d6520e4f (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A carne e seus derivados apresentam grande valor na alimentação humana e se enquadram entre os alimentos de origem animal mais perecíveis, principalmente pela sua variedade e riqueza nutricional. Constituem-se em importante veículo de agentes zoonóticos e especial meio de cultura para o desenvolvimento e multiplicação de uma ampla gama de microrganismos. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar a presença de alguns microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos (Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria sp.) e alguns indicadores como microrganismos psicrotróficos, mesófilos e coliformes na superfície de meias carcaças bovinas logo após a lavagem e avaliar a influência da refrigeração na população microbiana (de indicadores e Staphylococcus aureus). As amostras foram obtidas em um matadouro frigorífico localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, submetido a controle higiênico-sanitário permanente e com comércio no mercado interno e externo. No total foram analisadas 80 amostras (suabes) de regiões da superfície externa da carcaça (coxão, lombo e ponta-de-agulha) sendo 40 logo após a lavagem e 40 após 24 horas sob refrigeração. Na grande maioria das amostras as populações de microrganismos heterotróficos mesófilos estiveram entre 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicando eficiência nos cuidados higiênico-sanitários durante as operações de abate. Para os microrganismos psicrotróficos encontrou-se populações inferiores a 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, o que pode permitir maior vida-de-prateleira ao produto e para Staphylococcus sp. as populações foram inferiores a 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, não tendo sido encontrado nenhuma cepa da espécie Staphylococcus aureus. Os valores médios...
The meat as well its derivatives show great value in human aliments of animal origin principally because of its variety and nutritional wealth. It constitutes an important vehicle of zoonotic agents and a special means of culture for the development and multiplication of one large gamut of microorganisms. The present work had the goal to evaluate the presence of some microorganisms potentially pathogenic (Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria sp) and some indicators such as psychrotrophic, mesophilic and coliforms in the surface of half the bovine carcass after it is washed and evaluated as to the influence of storage by refrigeration of the microbial population (of indicators and Staphylococcus aureus). The samples were obtained in a slaughterhouse cooler located in the inner city of Sao Paulo, using constant sanitary hygienic control and doing business in the internal market as well to the external market. In total, 80 samples were analyzed (swab) of regions in the external surface of the carcasses (rump, loin and rib), results being 40 as soon as it was washed and 40 after 24 hours under refrigeration. In the large majority of samples the population of microorganism mesophilic were between 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicating efficiency in the care of sanitary hygene during the operations of slaughter. For the microorganisms populations psychrotrophic were found to be below 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, permitting longer shelf life of the product. For Staphylococcus sp, the populations were lowered to 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, and no species of cepa Staphylococcus aureus was found. The medium values for the populations of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Staphylococcus sp. respectively were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Tonussi, Rafael Lara. "Associação genética entre características da carcaça e carne com características de crescimento em bovinos Nelore /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Lúcia Galvão de AlbuquerqueCoorientador: Fernando Sebástian Baldi Rey
Banca: Danísio Prado Munari
Banca: Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante
Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar as associações genéticas e fenotípicas entre as características de crescimento e as características da carcaça e carne em animais da raça Nelore. Foram utilizados registros de 241.416, 126.596, 78.687 e 90.720 animais machos e fêmeas, respectivamente para peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), ganho em peso da desmama ao sobreano (GS), altura da garupa ao sobreano (ALTS) e para as características de carcaça e carne foram utilizados 877 animais machos para peso da carcaça quente e 884 para área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, índice de marmorização e maciez. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita. Para a estimação dos componentes de (co)variância foram utilizados modelos animal tricaracterísticas, sempre incluindo o PD. Para PD foram incluídos no modelo os efeitos aleatórios genéticos aditivos, direto e materno, ambiente permanente materno e residual, e os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (GC) e idades da vaca ao parto (IVP) e do animal (efeito linear e quadrático), como covariáveis. Para as demais características foram excluídos os efeitos maternos (genéticos e de ambiente permanente) e o efeito idade da vaca ao parto. Os GC para PD foram formados por fazenda, ano de nascimento, grupo de manejo à desmama e sexo. Para PS, GS e ATLS foi acrescentado ao GC o grupo de manejo ao sobreano. Para as características de carcaça e carne os GC foram definidos da mesma forma que para as outras características medidas ao sobreano, excluindo o sexo do animal. Para todas as características foram excluídas observações com medidas de três desvios-padrão acima ou abaixo da média do seu GC. Para as características de crescimento o GC com menos de 10 animais foram excluídos. Para as características de carcaça e carne foram mantidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was estimate genetic parameters for growth traits and carcass and meat traits in Nellore. Data from 241.416, 126.596, 78.687, 90.720 males and females, respectively, respectively, for weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), gain from weaning to yearling (GWY), yearling hip height (YHH) and, for carcass and meat traits, only males animals, 877 for hot carcass weight (HCW), and 884 for longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), marbling (MAR) and shear force (SF) were used. The (co)variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. For estimation of (co)variance, three-trait animal models were apllied, always including WW in the analyses. For WW, it included in model the random direct and maternal additive genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects, fixed effects of contemporany group and age of animal and age of dam at calving (linear and quadratic effect) as covariates. For the others traits, maternal effects (genetic and permanent environmental) and the effect of age of dam at calving were excluded. The contemporany group for WW were formed by farm, year of birth, weaning management group and sex. For YW, GWY, YHH it was added the management group at yearling. For carcass and meat traits the contemporany groups were defined similarly for the traits measured yearling, excluding the sex of the animal. For all traits observations with measurements of three standard deviations above or below the average of the contemporary groups were excluded. For the growth traits, contemporary groups with less than 10 animals were excluded. For carcass traits and meat CG with more than 3 animals were kept. The heritability estimates for growth traits ranged from 0.12 ± 0.009 to 0.44 ± 0.007. For carcass and meat traits, the heritability estimates were 0.10 ± 0.12 to 0.39 ± 0.15... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Oliveira, Marco Antonio Lopes de. "Estimativas de valores econômicos para sistemas de recria e engorda de bovinos Nelore e cruzados /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Fernando Sebástian Baldi ReyCoorientador: Lúcia Galvão de Albuquerque
Banca: Roberto Carvalheiro
Banca: Fabiano Alvim Barbosa
Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estimar valores econômicos para um sistema de recria e engorda a partir de um Modelo Bioeconômico detalhado de quatro sistemas de produção, utilizando animais da raça Nelore e Cruzados. Os quatro modelos foram compostos da seguinte forma: 1)animais de composição 100% Nelore recriados e terminados a pasto; 2) animais de composição ½ Taurino X ½ Nelore recriados e terminados a pasto; 3) animais de composição 100% Nelore recriados a pasto e terminados em sistema de confinamento; 4) animais de composição ½ Taurino X ½ Nelore recriados a pasto e terminados em sistema de confinamento. Os valores econômicos foram estimados para as seguintes características: Ganho Médio Diário (GMD), Rendimento de Carcaça (RC), Consumo Alimentar (CA) e Energia de Mantença (EM), para cada um dos modelos propostos.Os valores econômicos dos modelos Pasto + Confinamento, baseados em R$/animal/ano foram superiores aos valores econômicos dos modelos Pasto. Isto se deve à maior eficiência dos animais que estão ocupando as áreas de pastejo, ou seja, animais mais leves e jovens possuem um menor custo para ganhar o mesmo peso do que animais mais pesados e adultos. Produzem-se mais arrobas em pastejo durante os modelos Pasto + Confinamento, quando comparado aos modelos Pasto, devido ao confinamento dos animais. As características estudadas possuem um grande impacto econômico nos sistemas de recria e engorda conforme os modelos propostos, com grande vantagem, nestes modelos, para a característica de RC. O GMD foi a segunda característica com maior valor econômico para os sistemas. As características de consumo alimentar e energia de mantença estão diretamente ligadas devido aos cálculos realizados para estimação de consumo. Estas características apresentam importância significativa no ponto de vista econômico, porém são pouco exploradas em programas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The general objective of this work was to estimate economic values for growing and finishing systems from a detailed Bioeconomic Model of four production systems, using Nelore breed and Crossbreed animals. Those four systems were composed by the following way: 1) animals with composition 100% of Nelore blood, growing and finishing period on pasture. 2) animals with composition ½ Taurus X ½ Nelore growing and finishing on pasture. 3) animals with composition 100% Nelore growing on pasture and finishing on feedlot system. 4) animals with composition ½ taurus X ½ Nelore growing on pasture and finishing on feedlot system. The economic values was estimated for the following traits: Average Daily Gain (ADG), Dressing Percentage (DP), Feed Consumption (FC) and Maintenance Energy (ME) for each proposed system. The economic values of Pasture + Feedlot systems based on R$/animal/yearwere in majority traits, higher than the economic values of Pasture models. This is due to the higher efficiency of animals that are occupying the grazing areas, i.e., lighter and young animals have a lower cost for the same weight gain than heavier and adults animals. Produces more arrobas in grazing during the Pasture + Feedlot models when compared the Pasture models, due to confinement of animals. The studied traits have a major economic impact on the growing and finishing systems as the models proposed, with great importance, in these models, for the traits of dressing percentage. Average daily gain was the second trait with greater economic value for the system. The traits of food consumption and maintenance energy are directly linked because of calculations to estimate consumption, and are traits with significant importance in the economic point of view, and explored by genetic evaluations programs in Brazil. Feed consumption and maintenance energy are important traits when evaluating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Dias, Ana Sofia Guerreiro Marques. "Caracterização de duas explorações de raça bovina Alentejana produtoras de Carnalentejana DOP." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaNeste trabalho caracterizam-se duas explorações de bovinos de raça Alentejana que produzem Carnalentejana, um produto de Denominação de Origem Protegida. O maneio alimentar destas explorações enquadra o maneio típico da região do Alentejo e segue as regras da Carnalentejana. Em ambas as explorações, a época reprodutiva é definida pela entrada dos touros para junto das vacas nos meses de Outubro-Novembro e a saída nos meses de Abril-Junho. A taxa de fecundidade calculada nas explorações é muito próxima dos 80% e o número de vacas por touro é inferior a 50. O rendimento médio da desmancha em ambas as explorações foi, aproximadamente, 70%. Os valores médios dos grupos de peças não foram muito diferentes entre as duas explorações, existindo alguma variabilidade nos seus produtos. Para concluir, apesar dos produtos finais apresentarem alguma variabilidade, os métodos de produção das explorações estão de acordo com as regras estipuladas pelo Caderno de Especificações da Carnalentejana.
ABSTRACT Two Alentejana breed farms producing Carnalentejana, a Protected Designation of Origin product, were characterized. The feeding handling frames the tipical handling of the Alentejo’s region and also follows the Carnalentejana’s rules. Both farms have a reproductive season, the bulls join the cows in October-November and leave in April-June. The fecundity rate calculated in both farms was close to 80% and the number of cows per bulls was less than 50. The carcass mean yielding of both farms was very similar with, approximately, 70%. The mean values of each meat cut groups where not very different in both farms but there was some variability in the products. In conclusion, despite the variation of the final products the production methods of both farms are in agreement with the Carnalentejana Specifications.
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Espigolan, Rafael. "Desequilíbrio de ligação e associação entre polimorfismos de base única com maciez da carne e espessura de gordura em bovinos Nelore utilizando painéis de alta densidade /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Lúcia Galvão de AlbuquerqueCoorientador: Fernando Sebástian Baldi Rey
Banca: Danísio Prado Munari
Banca: Simone Cristina Méo Niciura
Resumo: A carne produzida no Brasil a partir de raças zebuínas possui características organolépticas que não são bem aceitas nos mercados mais exigentes. As características de carcaça e da carne, como a maciez e a espessura de gordura subcutânea podem garantir qualidade e uniformidade na produção de carne bovina, porém o melhoramento genético para essas características não tem sido praticado. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o desequilíbrio de ligação entre os polimorfismos de base única (SNPs), e estudar a associação destes com a maciez da carne e espessura de gordura subcutânea no genoma de bovinos da raça Nelore utilizando um painel de SNPs de alta densidade. Foram utilizados 795 machos da raça Nelore nascidos em 2008 e 2009 e pertencentes a três programas de melhoramento genético. Um total de 117 grupos de contemporâneos foi formado, constituídos por ano de nascimento, fazenda, grupos de manejo ao nascimento, grupos de manejo à desmama e ao sobreano. Os animais foram genotipados utilizando o Illumina High-Density Bovine BeadChip com 777.962 marcadores SNPs. O DNA genômico foi extraído utilizando amostras de cinco gramas de tecido muscular retirados do Longissimus dorsi de cada animal. Foram excluídos SNPs que apresentaram MAF (alelo de menor frequência) inferior a 0,05 e Call Rate menor que 0,93, totalizando 446.986 SNPs. Os fenótipos para maciez da carne foram obtidos utilizando um equipamento de análise de textura equipado com uma sonda Warner Bratzler em amostras de 2,54 cm retiradas entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas da meiacarcaça esquerda. Na mesma amostra foi mensurada a espessura de gordura subcutânea com paquímetro, medindo a camada de gordura localizada a um ângulo de 45º a partir do centro geométrico. As análises de associação foram realizadas considerando apenas um marcador por vez... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The meat produced in Brazil from Zebu breeds has organoleptic characteristics that are not well accepted in the most demanding markets. Carcass and meat traits, like tenderness and fat thickness, can ensure quality and uniformity in beef production, but genetic improvement for these traits has not been practiced. The objective of this study was analyze the linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and to study their association with the tenderness of meat and fat thickness in the genome of Nellore cattle using a panel of highdensity SNPs. Data from 795 Nellore cattle born in 2008 and 2009 and belonging to three breeding programs were used. A total of 117 contemporary groups were formed, constituted of year of birth, farm, management groups at birth, management groups at weaning and yearling. The animals were genotyped using Illumina High- Density Bovine BeadChip with 777,962 SNP markers. Genomic DNA was extracted with samples from five grams of tissue taken from the Longissimus dorsi muscle of each animal. SNPs that had MAF less than 0.05 and Call Rate less than 0.93 were excluded, totaling 446,986 SNPs. The phenotypes for meat tenderness were obtained using a texture analysis equipment equipped with a Warner Bratzler probe in samples of 2.54 cm taken between the 12th and 13th ribs of the left half carcass. On the same sample, it was measured the thickness of subcutaneous fat with caliper rule, measuring the fat located at an angle of 45° from the geometric center. The association analysis was performed considering only one marker at a time. The fixed effects in the model were SNP marker, contemporary group, date of slaughter and slaughter age as covariate. To estimate the effect of each SNP over the traits, the SNP marker was included as a covariate (linear effect). The average linkage disequilibrium (r²)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Fontoura, Cristianne Lino. "Estudo microbiológico em carcaças bovinas e influência da refrigeração sobre a microbiota contaminante /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Oswaldo Durival Rossi JúniorBanca: Angela Cleusa de Fatima Banzatto de Carvalho
Banca: Luiz Francisco Zafalon
Resumo: A carne e seus derivados apresentam grande valor na alimentação humana e se enquadram entre os alimentos de origem animal mais perecíveis, principalmente pela sua variedade e riqueza nutricional. Constituem-se em importante veículo de agentes zoonóticos e especial meio de cultura para o desenvolvimento e multiplicação de uma ampla gama de microrganismos. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar a presença de alguns microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos (Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria sp.) e alguns indicadores como microrganismos psicrotróficos, mesófilos e coliformes na superfície de meias carcaças bovinas logo após a lavagem e avaliar a influência da refrigeração na população microbiana (de indicadores e Staphylococcus aureus). As amostras foram obtidas em um matadouro frigorífico localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, submetido a controle higiênico-sanitário permanente e com comércio no mercado interno e externo. No total foram analisadas 80 amostras (suabes) de regiões da superfície externa da carcaça (coxão, lombo e ponta-de-agulha) sendo 40 logo após a lavagem e 40 após 24 horas sob refrigeração. Na grande maioria das amostras as populações de microrganismos heterotróficos mesófilos estiveram entre 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicando eficiência nos cuidados higiênico-sanitários durante as operações de abate. Para os microrganismos psicrotróficos encontrou-se populações inferiores a 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, o que pode permitir maior vida-de-prateleira ao produto e para Staphylococcus sp. as populações foram inferiores a 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, não tendo sido encontrado nenhuma cepa da espécie Staphylococcus aureus. Os valores médios... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The meat as well its derivatives show great value in human aliments of animal origin principally because of its variety and nutritional wealth. It constitutes an important vehicle of zoonotic agents and a special means of culture for the development and multiplication of one large gamut of microorganisms. The present work had the goal to evaluate the presence of some microorganisms potentially pathogenic (Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria sp) and some indicators such as psychrotrophic, mesophilic and coliforms in the surface of half the bovine carcass after it is washed and evaluated as to the influence of storage by refrigeration of the microbial population (of indicators and Staphylococcus aureus). The samples were obtained in a slaughterhouse cooler located in the inner city of Sao Paulo, using constant sanitary hygienic control and doing business in the internal market as well to the external market. In total, 80 samples were analyzed (swab) of regions in the external surface of the carcasses (rump, loin and rib), results being 40 as soon as it was washed and 40 after 24 hours under refrigeration. In the large majority of samples the population of microorganism mesophilic were between 1,0 e 1,0 x 102 UFC/cm2, indicating efficiency in the care of sanitary hygene during the operations of slaughter. For the microorganisms populations psychrotrophic were found to be below 2,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, permitting longer shelf life of the product. For Staphylococcus sp, the populations were lowered to 1,0 x 103 UFC/cm2, and no species of cepa Staphylococcus aureus was found. The medium values for the populations of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Staphylococcus sp. respectively were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Книги з теми "Carcasse bovine"
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United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe. Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards, ed. Bovine meat: Carcases and cuts : UNECE standard. 2nd ed. New York: United Nations, 2004.
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Gill, C. O. Microbial effects of trimming, vacuum cleaning or vacuum-hot water cleaning of beef or sheep carcasses in commercial carcass dressing process. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriuclture and Agri-Food Canada, 1997.
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Bovine Meat Carcases And Cuts: Bovine Meat Carcases And Cuts. United Nations, 2004.
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Community Scale for the Classification of Carcases of Adult Bovine Animals. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1995.
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Maltby, Mark. From bovid to beaver. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.14.
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This chapter reviews evidence for the exploitation of animals in Medieval northwest Russia, highlighting the evidence from the town of Novgorod and its hinterland. The zooarchaeological evidence from this region has been complemented by other sources of archaeological and documentary evidence. Most faunal assemblages are dominated by cattle, which were of small stature and exploited mainly for their meat and milk. There is evidence that pigs became less important in later periods. Sheep and goat were poorly represented on most sites, but with goats forming a higher proportion of the sheep/goat remains than on many other European sites. Evidence for fur trade in the region comes mainly from sites deep in the forest zone. Horsemeat was consumed, although horses were mainly valued as transport animals. The high-status site of Ryurik Gorodishche produced evidence for organized carcass-processing, ritual deposition of horse skulls, and the import of exotic species.
Частини книг з теми "Carcasse bovine"
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Trypuz, Robert, Piotr Kulicki, Przemysław Grądzki, Rafał Trójczak, and Jerzy Wierzbicki. "Machine-Understandable and Processable Representation of UNECE Standards for Meat. Bovine Meat - Carcases and Cuts Case Study." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 144–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49157-8_12.
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Kashif Yar, Muhammad, Mubarik Mahmood, Muawuz Ijaz, Muhammad Hayat Jaspal, Zayrah Rafique, Iftikhar Hussain Badar, and Kanwal Rafique. "Effect of Cattle-Specific Diseases on Carcass Inspection and Meat Quality." In Veterinary Medicine and Science. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110384.
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There are severe cattle-specific viral (foot and mouth, vesicular stomatitis, rinderpest, rift valley fever, malignant catarrhal fever, lumpy skin, rabies, bovine leukosis, bovine viral diarrhea, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy), bacterial (tuberculosis, black quarter, botulism, malignant oedema, leptospirosis, brucellosis, anthrax, hemogenic septicemia, actinomycosis, actinobacillosis, mastitis, and metritis), parasitic (lungworm, fasciolosis, cysticercosis, hydatid disease, and onchocercosis), and protozoal (trypanosomiasis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and sarcosporidiosis) diseases that affect the carcass judgment and meat quality. These diseases adversely affect cattle health, welfare, and red meat production. This chapter aims to describe the etiology, mode of transmission, ante-mortem and post-mortem findings, carcass and meat quality judgment, and differential diagnosis of these diseases.
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"Applied anatomy of the carcass (K.-D. Budras, R. Fries, and R. Berg)." In Bovine Anatomy, 165–66. Schluetersche, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9783842683594-17.
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Larson, R. L. "The effect of bovine respiratory disease on carcass traits." In Production diseases in farm animals, 51. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086865710_013.
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Makowiecki, Daniel, and Marzena Makowiecka. "Zwierzęce szczątki kostne / Animal remains." In Castrum Lubenov. Tragiczne dzieje średniowiecznej wieży w Lubrzy / Castrum Lubenov. The tragic history of the medieval tower in Lubrza, 303–14. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo; Muzeum Archeologiczne Środkowego Nadodrza, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/lubenov2022.15.
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This chapter presents zooarchaeological analysis of 239 animal bone remains retrieved during rescue excavation in Lubrza site 39, in area of motte castle dated to 13th–14th century. They came mainly from domestic mammals, such as cattle, pigs, and small ruminants; bones of a horse and a dog were also observed. Birds were represented only by chicken bones, while not very many game mammals were represented by roe deer, red deer, and wild boar. Comparing all obtained results with similar data for the population of the early medieval settlements of the region, it can be stated that the branches supplying raw animal materials to the examined late medieval defensive seat were almost the same, except for a share of game mammals, which was very low in its kitchen. The inhabitants of the motte-and-bailey castle consumed all parts of the carcass. However, it can be assumed that in the case of beef, brawn was rarely eaten, while the pork headcheese was appreciated. The portions consumed portions of beef, judging by the length of the ribs, averaged approximately 12.1 cm. For portioning, butcher’s cleavers and other very sharp tools were used. One of the essential steps in the dissection of the carcass was to divide it into two parts by cutting both sides of the vertebral bodies. Bone marrow was obtained from bovine feet, as evidenced by the cut ends of the distal metatarsal bones. The meat delivered to the motte-and-bailey castle came mainly from mature, older animals. The cattle belonged to the short, brachycerous breed commonly kept in the Middle Ages. The pig did not differ from other medieval populations in terms of body size. Bones from individuals of about 83 cm of withers height could come from either large pigs or short wild boars.
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Oliveira, Janderson Ananias de, Angelo Polizel Neto, Claudinele Cássia Bueno da Rosa, Natália Baldasso Fortura, Andressa Groth, Rafael do Santos, Felipe Cecconelo Bento, and Helen Fernanda Barros Gomes. "USE OF DIFFERENT COLD WATER SPRAY PROTOCOLS ON BOVINE CARCASSES DURING COOLING AND ITS EFFECTS ON MEAT QUALITY." In Geração e difusão de conhecimento científico na zootecnia 2, 11–27. Atena Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2912123112.
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Fokam Olivier, Miantsia, Felix Meutchieye, and Evaristus Tsi Angwafo. "Multivariate Analysis of Cranial Measurements of Cameroon’s Blue Duiker (Cephalophus monticola)." In New Insights on Principal Component Analysis. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002909.
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The blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) is exclusively an African wild Bovidae. It is a principal source of protein in the African forest zones and contributes to the nutrition of local populations. The methodology used is the opportunistic method which consists of taking the heads of blue duikers from carcasses encountered randomly and opportunistically in villages, urban markets, and checkpoints. Thus, 60 skulls were collected and measured from January to December 2018. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were done using SPSS version 21.0 software and XLSTAT-Pro version 7.5.2 software. The measures of the skulls (60 in total and in mm) point out that: the total length (117.36 ± 3.51; 118.23 ± 4.38 and 118.47 ± 4.09), the length of row of cheek teeth (35.35 ± 2.88; 36.39 ± 3.82 and 36.28 ± 3.67) the zygomatic arc height (10.40 ± 1.50; 11.06 ± 1.12 and 11.17 ± 1.10) in these three areas respectively indicate a significant difference (<0.05). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enables us to see the level of genetic variabilities of blue duiker through skull measurements. These variable measurements are close together from one to another where there is a high similarity between species. Grouping these biometric characteristics permitted us to identify three structures of the blue duiker, corresponding to the three sub-species found in Cameroon.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Carcasse bovine"
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Espín, Ricardo, Deysi Guevara, and Marco Pérez. "Correlation between pH levels and proliferation of Escherichia coli in bovine carcasses." In 1er Congreso Universal de las Ciencias y la Investigación Medwave 2022;. Medwave Estudios Limitada, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2022.s2.uta057.
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Nouichi, S., and T. M. Hamdi. "Bacterial superficial contamination of bovine and ovine carcasses slaughtered at El-Harrach abattoir (Algiers)." In MICROBES IN APPLIED RESEARCH - Current Advances and Challenges. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814405041_0045.
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Talovskaya, O. B., O. A. Shelepova, E. A. Udaltsov, and I. M. Zubareva. "FEATURES OF POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTICERCOSIS IN LIVESTOCK ANIMALS AT ENTERPRISES OF VARIOUS TYPES." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.458-462.
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The article highlights some features of the long-term dynamics of infection of
livestock animals with cysticercosis. Significant differences are shown in the
detection of cysticercosis in pigs and cattle in postmortem diagnostics at enterprises
of various types. An analysis of the epizootic situation on cysticercosis of livestock
animals was carried out using materials from the veterinary and sanitary examination
of raw materials and products of animal origin (Form 5-vet) for 2009–2020. The infection of animals with Cysticercus cellulosaе and Cysticercus bovis was assessed
using the conventional method. It was established that the Novosibirsk Region was
contaminated with cysticercosis of livestock animals. Finnosis of cattle is recorded
annually with infection rate varying from 0.09 to 0.01%, however, cysticercosis of
pigs has been detected since 2018. The average cysticercosis infection rate in cattle
and pigs was 0.03 and 0.005%, respectively. The leading role in the postmortem
diagnostics of finnosis in cattle belongs to meat processing plants. During the
research period at meat processing plants, slaughterhouses and markets, 814, 59 and
93 cases of finnosis in cattle were identified respectively, which was 84.0, 6.0 and
10.0%. Cysticercosis of pigs is more often recorded at slaughterhouses (53.0%) and
markets (47.0% of carcasses).
Звіти організацій з теми "Carcasse bovine"
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Boisclair, Yves R., Alan W. Bell, and Avi Shamay. Regulation and Action of Leptin in Pregnant and Lactating Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586465.bard.
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The original project had four specific objectives: (1) To complete the development of a radioimmunoassay for bovine leptin; (2) To characterize the leptin system in lactating dairy cows during the transition from pregnancy to lactation; (3) To identify endocrine factors regulating the production of leptin by bovine adipose tissue; (4) To study the actions of leptin on bovine adipose and mammary tissues in vitro. However, BARD funded only the development of the bovine leptin RIA (Objective 1) for a single year. This report describes our work in completing this objective. Leptin, a protein hormone secreted predominantly by white adipose tissue, plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism. In rodents and humans, leptin informs the central nervous system of the size of the energy reserves, coordinates adaptations to periods of nutrient insufficiency, and regulates the metabolism of key tissues involved in the storage and dissipation of energy. However, almost nothing is known on the biology of leptin in cattle, in part because of the absence of a valid assay to measure bovine leptin. To remediate this situation, we have developed a radioimmunoassay capable of measuring bovine leptin with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy and precision. First, we produced recombinant bovine leptin and used it to immunize rabbits, and to prepare bovine leptin trace and standards. A single antiserum with sufficient affinity and titer was identified. Using this antiserum, binding of 125I bovine leptin was displaced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of bovine or ovine leptin. Serial dilution of bovine and ovine plasma gave displacement curves that were parallel to that of bovine or ovine leptin. Recoveries of external addition of bovine leptin in ewe and cow plasma ranged between 94 and 104%. Plasma leptin concentration measured by this assay was increased by the plane of nutrition in growing calves and lambs. Finally, plasma leptin concentration was linearly related to the fat content of the empty carcass in growing cattle. We conclude that circulating leptin in sheep and cattle is increased by fatness and plane of nutrition, consistent with results in humans and rodents. This assay provides an important tool to investigate mechanisms that regulate plasma leptin in cattle and sheep.
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Erdman, Richard, Geoffrey Dahl, Hanina Barash, Israel Bruckental, Avi Shamay, and Anthony Capuco. Management Strategies to Maximize Skeletal Growth Rate in Dairy Heifers. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695848.bard.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and added dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on organ and tissue weights and body composition in growing dairy heifers. A total of 32 Holstein heifers, 3 months of age at the beginning of the study were used in the experiment. Eight heifers were slaughtered at 3 mo of age to determine pre- treatment body composition. The remaining heifers were randomly assigned to treatments (n=6) consisting of 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day of bST and 2% added dietary RUP (dry matter basis) applied in a 2X2 factorial design. A total of six heifers per treatment group (3 each at 5 and 10 mo of age), were slaughtered to determine body composition an organ masses. There was a trend for increased live and empty body weights (EB:W), carcass and non-carcass components for heifers treated with bST or fed RUP. Added RUP increased rumen and reticulum weights whereas administration of bST tended to increase the weights of small and large intestine at 10 months of age by 22 % and 26%, respectively. Spleen, heart, and kidney weights at 10 months of age were increased 36%, 28% and 23% for bST treatments respectively, compared with controls. Rates of ash and protein deposition between 3 and 10 months of age were increased by bST by 7.2 g/d and 28.9 g/d, respectively, while no treatment differences were observed for rates of fat and energy deposition. Bovine somatotropin significantly altered the metabolism of growing heifers in a manner that led to increased protein and ash deposition, and tended to reduce fat percentage, and there was a similar tendency observed with added RUP. This suggests that nutritional and endocrine manipulations could increase growth rates of skeletal and lean tissues without increasing fat deposition in prepubertal dairy heifers.