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Статті в журналах з теми "CARBOXYMETHYL TAMARIND KERNEL GUM"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 16 січня 2024

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1

Meena, Jagram, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Devendra Kumar Verma. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum Nanoparticles; As an Antioxidant Activity." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 26, no. 3 (August 25, 2023): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v26i3.a01.

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The incorporation of biopolymer nanoparticles with potential antioxidant properties into biomaterials for human health care is significant. The current study focuses on nanoparticles carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) composite materials because of their potential applications. The co-precipitation method was used to create carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum nanoparticles (CMTKG-NPs). This technique was used for the first time to create carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum nanoparticles. The strength of nanoparticle conformation is reported to be influenced by co-precipitation and stirring time. Nanoparticles were characterised using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Suspense particle sizes have been determined to be in the 40-60 nm range. It was concluded that similar nanoparticles could be used in antioxidant activities.

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2

Khushbu and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Potential applications and various aspects of polyfunctional macromolecule- carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum." European Polymer Journal 140 (November 2020): 110042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110042.

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3

Meena, Jagram, Harish Chandra, and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum /ZnO- Biocomposite: As an Antifungal and Hazardous Metal Removal Agent." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 25, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v25i3.a08.

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ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were in situ mixed with carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum to generate the new biocomposite. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS)were used to characterize the CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites. Numerous characterizations were utilized to prove that ZnO NPs had been integrated into the biopolymer matrix. The standard size of the CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites was developed to be greater than 32–40 nm using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray analysis de-Scherer methods. Chromium (VI) was removed from the aqueous solution using the nanocomposite (CMTKG/ZnO) as an adsorbent. The nanocomposite reached its maximum adsorption during 80 minutes of contact time, 30 mg/L chromium (VI) concentration, 2.0 g/L adsorbent part, and 7.0 pH. Further research into the antifungal activity of CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites against Aspergillus flavus MTCC-2799 was conducted.

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4

Khushbu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Anil Kumar. "Synthesis and assessment of carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum based novel superabsorbent hydrogels for agricultural applications." Polymer 182 (November 2019): 121823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121823.

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5

Meena, Priyanka, Poonam Singh, and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Development and assessment of carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum-based pH-responsive hydrogel for release of diclofenac sodium." European Polymer Journal 197 (October 2023): 112340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112340.

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6

Khushbu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Nandkishore Thombare. "Zinc micronutrient-loaded carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum-based superabsorbent hydrogels: controlled release and kinetics studies for agricultural applications." Colloid and Polymer Science 299, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04831-8.

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7

Khushbu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Nandkishore Thombare. "Correction to: Zinc micronutrient-loaded carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum-based superabsorbent hydrogels: controlled release and kinetics studies for agricultural applications." Colloid and Polymer Science 299, no. 9 (July 19, 2021): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04857-y.

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8

Gupta, S., S. Jain, GK Rao, V. Gupta, and R. Puri. "Tamarind kernel gum: An upcoming natural polysaccharide." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 1, no. 1 (2010): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-8453.59512.

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9

Sultana, Shahin, Shahnawaz Alom, Shamima Akhter Eti, and Farzana Khan Rony. "Mechanical Behavior of Polysaccharide Based Biopolymer Synthesized from the Seed Kernel of Tamarindus Indica L." Advances in Materials Science 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2023-0004.

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Анотація:

Abstract Biopolymer carboxymethyl tamarind seed kernel polysaccharide (CMTSP) was synthesized by the reaction of tamarind kernel powder (TKP) of Tamarindus indica L. with monochloroacetic acid by an improved method. The synthesis was conducted in presence of sodium hydroxide at optimized conditions of time, temperature, concentrations of TKP, MA, sodium hydroxide. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) was also extracted from TKP by boiling distilled water. The chemical structure of TKP, TSP and CMTSP were analyzed by the ATRFTIR. When TKP, TSP, and CMTSP’s comparative physico-mechanical properties were examined and compared, CMTSP performed better due to increase in viscosity, water solubility and tensile properties.

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10

Shaw, Gauri S., K. Uvanesh, S. N. Gautham, Vinay Singh, Krishna Pramanik, Indranil Banerjee, Naresh Kumar, and Kunal Pal. "Development and characterization of gelatin-tamarind gum/carboxymethyl tamarind gum based phase-separated hydrogels: a comparative study." Designed Monomers and Polymers 18, no. 5 (May 18, 2015): 434–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2015.1041075.

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11

Kaur, Harmanmeet, Munish Ahuja, Sandeep Kumar, and Neeraj Dilbaghi. "Carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide nanoparticles for ophthalmic drug delivery." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 50, no. 3 (April 2012): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.11.017.

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12

Singh, Vandana, and Pramendra Kumar. "Carboxymethyl tamarind gum–silica nanohybrids for effective immobilization of amylase." Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 70, no. 1-2 (June 2011): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.02.006.

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13

Wang, Lili, Rumeng Li, Chenglong Wang, Jianzhong Shao, Minghua Wu, and Wei Wang. "Mixture from carboxymethyl tamarind gum and carboxymethyl starch on double-sided printing of georgette fabric." Cellulose 24, no. 8 (May 28, 2017): 3545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1346-2.

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14

Niu, Chun Mei, Shao Ying Li, and Fang Lan. "Adsorption of Cu²⁺ from Aqueous Solution by Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Tamarind." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2100–2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2100.

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Анотація:

Crosslinked carboxymethyl tamarind (CCMTKP) with degree of substitution (DS) 0.42, 0.64 and 0.88 were prepared through reaction of sodium monochloroacetic acid (SMCA), epichlorohydrin (ECH) and tamarind kernel polysaccharide (TKP) and used to adsorb Cu2+ from aqueous solution. The appropriate range for pH was 2-6. The adsorption capacity rapidly reached equilibrium within 15 min and adsorption followed second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption of Cu2+ is well followed as the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was 68.03 mg/g. The regeneration study indicates that CCMTKP could be used repeatedly without significantly changing their adsorption capacities.

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15

Dilbaghi, Neeraj, Harmanmeet Kaur, Munish Ahuja, Pooja Arora, and Sandeep Kumar. "Synthesis and evaluation of ciprofloxacin-loaded carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide nanoparticles." Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 9, no. 10 (May 16, 2013): 1015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2013.771244.

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16

Jana, Sougata, Abhisek Banerjee, Kalyan Kumar Sen, and Sabyasachi Maiti. "Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: In vitro characterization & anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics." Materials Science and Engineering: C 69 (December 2016): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.008.

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17

Yadav, Indu, V. S. Sharan Rathnam, Yamini Yogalakshmi, Subhabrata Chakraborty, Indranil Banerjee, Arfat Anis, and Kunal Pal. "Synthesis and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol- carboxymethyl tamarind gum based composite films." Carbohydrate Polymers 165 (June 2017): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.026.

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18

Bhati, Surbhi, and Sangeeta Loonker. "Synthesis and Characterization of Corn Starch Grafted Guar Gum Composite with Tamarind Kernel Powder." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380433.

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Анотація:

In this work, a composite of corn starch grafted (-g-) guar gum was synthesized by a polymerization process using tamarind kernel powder as a polysaccharide. Firstly, grafting was done with corn starch and saponification with alkali, i.e., sodium hydroxide (NaOH). It was further derivatized with tamarind kernel powder through a condensation process and was thermally treated at different temperatures. This leads to some chemical and structural changes in the compound. The characteristics of this composite were studied by 1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), which showed the protonic environment found in the CS-g-GG TKP composite. The FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrum) showed the presence of different functional groups found in the CS-g-GG TKP composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the surface morphology of the composite. Mass spectra showed the molecular weight of the newly synthesized composite.

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19

Shaw, Gauri Shankar, Dibyajyoti Biswal, Anupriya B, Indranil Banerjee, Krishna Pramanik, Arfat Anis, and Kunal Pal. "Preparation, Characterization and Assessment of the Novel Gelatin–tamarind Gum/Carboxymethyl Tamarind Gum-Based Phase-Separated Films for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 56, no. 2 (May 23, 2016): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2016.1185621.

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20

Malik, Ritu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Reena Saxena. "Carboxy-methyl tamarind kernel gum based bio-hydrogel for sustainable agronomy." Materials Today Communications 35 (June 2023): 105473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105473.

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21

Kaur, Gurpreet. "Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Powder Interpolymer Complexation: Investigations for Colon Drug Delivery." Scientia Pharmaceutica 78, no. 1 (2010): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.0908-10.

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22

Pravin Pandit, Ashlesha, Pooja Dilip Waychal, Atul Shankarrao Sayare, and Vinita Chandrakant Patole. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Seed Kernel Polysaccharide Formulated into Pellets to Target at Colon." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 52, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.3.42.

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23

Meenakshi and Munish Ahuja. "Metronidazole loaded carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide-polyvinyl alcohol cryogels: Preparation and characterization." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 72 (January 2015): 931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.040.

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24

Orsu, Prabhakar, Arun Koyyada, K. Lakshun Naidu, and Shweta Yadav. "Nanofibers of carboxymethyl tamarind gum/reduced graphene oxide composite for neuronal cell proliferation." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 66 (December 2021): 102870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102870.

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25

MALI, Kailas Krishnat, Shashikant C. DHAWALE, Remeth J. DIAS, Vijay D. HAVALDAR, and Pankaj R. KAVITAKE. "Interpenetrating networks of carboxymethyl tamarind gum and chitosan for sustained delivery of aceclofenac." Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 21, no. 4 (October 3, 2017): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2017.20.

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26

Mali, Kailas K., Shashikant C. Dhawale, and Remeth J. Dias. "Synthesis and characterization of hydrogel films of carboxymethyl tamarind gum using citric acid." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 105 (December 2017): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.058.

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27

Kumar, Deepak, Jyoti Mundlia, Tarun Kumar, and Munish Ahuja. "Silica coating of carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide beads to modify the release characteristics." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 146 (March 2020): 1040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.229.

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28

Meenkashi, Munish Ahuja, and Purnima Verma. "MW-assisted synthesis of carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide-g-polyacrylonitrile: Optimization and characterization." Carbohydrate Polymers 113 (November 2014): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.041.

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29

Jana, Sougata, Rashmi Sharma, Sabyasachi Maiti, and Kalyan Kumar Sen. "Interpenetrating hydrogels of O -carboxymethyl Tamarind gum and alginate for monitoring delivery of acyclovir." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 92 (November 2016): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.017.

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30

Nagajothi, M. Sangareswari, A. Balasubramanian, Nandhkishore Thombare, and P. R. Renganayaki. "Effect of Different Seed Sources on Tamarind Kernel Powder and Seed Gum Yield." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 7 (July 10, 2017): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.037.

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31

Maisuthisakul, Pitchaon, and Thepkunya Harnsilawat. "Interaction of Tamarind Kernel Powder, Gum Arabic and Maltodextrin in Aqueous Solution and Microencapsulated Systems." Current Nutrition & Food Science 9, no. 4 (November 2013): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340130904131122095434.

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32

Prabhanjan, H. "Studies on Modified Tamarind Kernel Powder. Part I: Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Sodium Salt of Carboxymethyl Derivatives." Starch - Stärke 41, no. 11 (1989): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.19890411102.

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33

Patel, Jaymin, Kaushika Patel, and Shreeraj Shah. "Quality by Design Approach for Optimization of Microbial and pH-Triggered Colon-Targeted Tablet Formulation Using Carboxymethyl Tamarind Gum." ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies 21, no. 7 (October 1, 2023): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/adt.2023.066.

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34

Panwar, Shruti, and Sangeeta Loonker. "Synthesis of Novel Film of Poly Vinyl Alcohol Modified Guar Gum with Tamarind seed Kernel Powder and its Characterization." Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry 10, no. 5 (2017): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4150.2017.00103.1.

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35

Yadav, Indu, Suraj K. Nayak, V. S. Sharan Rathnam, Indranil Banerjee, Sirsendu S. Ray, Arfat Anis, and Kunal Pal. "Reinforcing effect of graphene oxide reinforcement on the properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) and carboxymethyl tamarind gum based phase-separated film." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 81 (May 2018): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.02.021.

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36

Ameeduzzafar, Javed Ali, Nazia Khan, and Asgar Ali. "Development and Optimization of Carteolol Loaded Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for Ophthalmic Delivery: Box-Behnken Design, In Vitro, Ex Vivo Assessment." Science of Advanced Materials 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2014.1681.

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37

Kaur, Maninder, Kawaljit Singh Sandhu, and Jasmeen Kaur. "Pasting properties of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) kernel powder in the presence of Xanthan, Carboxymethylcellulose and Locust bean gum in comparison to Rice and Potato flour." Journal of Food Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (May 28, 2011): 809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0402-4.

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38

Ahamad Ansair, Niyaz, Jai Narayan Mishra, and Dhaneshwar Kumar Vishwakarma. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL MICRO EMULSION-BASED GEL FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY USING MILLETIAPINNATA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 680–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15409.

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Анотація:

Firstly,we are study to formulate and test a topical gel containing of Itraconazole micro- emulsion (ITZ). The Formulation of micro emulsion researchis necessary to study before its thepreformulation study of micro emulsion of Itraconazole. To estimatethe maximal solubility of ITZ in oils, surfactants and co- surfactants were investigated to estimatefilling material potential. In reference to the micro- emulsion region, with Karanj oil as the oil phase, the use of surfactant as a Tween-80 and use as aDiamethyl Carbinol Or (IPA) as the Another surfactant to improve its performance, a pseudo- ternary phase diagram was created. If using of Carbopol 934, Xantumgum, carboxymathylcellulose,Carboxymethyl -Tamarind gum (CMTG (CMC) That may be increased or improved its qualitative & Quantitative test .ME is evaluate by % transmittance, Viscosity, pH,particle-Size, zeta potential, Physical appearance, Drug content, pH,spreadability, viscosity, in -vitro release. If we take a oil as like karanj oil in the form of oil phase and using of a surfactant as like Tween 80 that may be obtain -Stable ME & useco-surfactant as an IPA, the weight ratio of 5:45:50. The evaluate ME based gel which is pH range between in (6.0- 6.34),and the Spreadability rangeis between (0.56-1.06) gm.cm/sec. The consistency or viscosity examination intimated pseudo- plastic performance of all ME based gel formulations.In the midest the examination ME gels If we are using of CBP: CMTG containing gels that may be we obtain greater maximum drug release at the end of 6h incomprising to other marketed.

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39

Khushbu, Khushbu, and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum based Controlled Drug Delivery Excipients: A Review." Journal of Engineering Research, March 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36909/jer.icapie.15061.

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Анотація:

The Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum (CMTKG) is a natural based polysaccharide which has been derived from the Tamarind kernel gum (TKG) through the carboxymethylation process. The chemical alteration of TKG into CMTKG has resulted in amplifying swelling capacity, in situ gelations, wide pH tolerance, high drug holding efficiency, stability, release kinetics, and hydrophilicity. Out of many application-based areas, it has extensively been used in the field of drug delivery systems via developing various forms like nanoparticles, composites, films, hydrogels, and pellets. This article is planned to fill in as a helpful tool for research scholars, who are engaged in green polymers, and in giving almost every aspect of CMTKG in the sphere of drug delivery.

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40

"Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Cross-linked Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Polysaccharide as Release Retardant Polymer in Matrix." Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 13, no. 2 (March 24, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/briac132.111.

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Анотація:

This study aims to improve the efficacy of carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide by cross-linking with Ca2+ ion and preparing its diclofenac sodium loaded matrix tablets for sustained drug delivery applications. Ionic gelation technique was used for cross-linking, and calcium chloride was used as a cross-linking agent. The native and cross-linked polysaccharide was characterized to analyze the change. The successful cross-linking of calcium was confirmed by infrared spectra by evaluating change in the functional group, while diffraction patterns revealed the change in crystallinity behavior. The thermal property of modified gum was also improved after Ca2+ cross-linking, whereas microscopical images of both gums revealed the gum's change in shape and surface. Further, calcium cross-linked carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide was formulated into a matrix tablet using diclofenac sodium. The weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, content uniformity, moisture content, swelling index, and in vitro release kinetics were also evaluated. The in vitro release study revealed that modified gum tablets showed a sustained release of diclofenac sodium providing a release of 50.84 % of drug over 24 hours, following first-order kinetics with a super case – II transport mechanism. So, the results indicate that calcium cross-linking of CMTKP modifies its release behavior, making it suitable for preparing sustained release pharmaceutical formulation.

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41

Rani, Indu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Anil Kumar. "Removal of Cationic Crystal Violet dye using Zeolite‐ Embedded Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum (CMTKG) based Hydrogel Adsorbents." ChemistrySelect 8, no. 29 (August 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202301434.

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AbstractIn this research paper, various formulations of zeolite‐loaded carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) based hydrogels were synthesized and utilized as a potential adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye. The swelling capacity of all the synthesized hydrogels was investigated and the composition of hydrogel which exhibited maximum swelling was used for the characterization and dye removal experiment. The CV dye was chosen as a model dye for the dye removal experiment. The structure of zeolite and zeolite embedded hydrogel was elucidated by XRD, FTIR, FE‐SEM, EDX and elemental papping techniques. The adsorption experiment was investigated by varying the CV concentration, amount of hydrogel adsorbent, temperature, pH of the dye solution, adsorption time, and ionic strength. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the adsorption data and it was observed that the data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Moreover, hydrogel‘s maximum dye adsorption efficiency was found at 123.60 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetic studies were followed by pseudo‐ first‐order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. In addition, regeneration studies were performed for the best adsorbent hydrogel using ethanol solvent and the result concluded the desorption efficiency of hydrogel (82 %) over four desorption cycles.

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42

Khushbu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Nandkishore Thombare. "Controlled release and release kinetics studies of boron through the functional formulation of carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum-based superabsorbent hydrogel." Polymer Bulletin, March 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03634-9.

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Rani, Indu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Anil Kumar. "Nano ZnO embedded Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate cross-linked Carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) /Poly (sodium acrylate) composite Hydrogels for oral delivery of Ciprofloxacin drug and their antibacterial properties." Materials Today Communications, February 2023, 105635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105635.

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Rani, Nisha, and DHRUV DEV. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLET OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE USING MODIFIED TAMARIND SEED GUM AS A NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, September 7, 2022, 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i9.45284.

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Objective: The present study was carried out for the preparation of modified Tamarindus indica seed gum as a natural superdisintegrant and assessed various parameters for preparing a fast disintegrating dosage form. Methods: The extracted gum from tamarind seeds was chemically modified by the carboxymethylation method. Then, calcium complexation of carboxymethyled tamarind seed gum was done. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by the direct compression method. The change in the functional groups of the extracted gum, Carboxymethyl tamarind seed gum, and the calcium complexed tamarind seed gum was studied by FT-IR spectrophotometer. DSC studies of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum showed alterations in the melting point without undergoing any modification. Results: The pre-formulation studies such as physical appearance, swelling index, and viscosity of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum were characterized. From the studies, it was concluded that modified Tamarind seed gum was acidic and hydrophilic. The pH of the extracted tamarind seed gum was found to be 5.4. The fast disintegrating tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, thickness, and in-vitro dissolution study. In the present study, the disintegration time of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum-containing tablets was compared with the marketed formulation of croscarmellose sodium as a synthetic superdisintegrant. The F5 formulation of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum showed a disintegration time of 37±2 s whereas the marketed formulation of croscarmellose sodium showed a disintegration time of 48±2 s. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a fast disintegrating tablet prepared using calcium complexed Tamarind seed gum improves the disintegration time of the tablet.

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Mali, Kailas Krishnat, Vishwajeet Sampatrao Ghorpade, Remeth Jacky Dias, and Shashikant C. Dhawale. "Synthesis and characterization of citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl tamarind gum-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel films." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, March 2023, 123969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123969.

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Wang, Lili, Rumeng Li, Jianzhong Shao, and Zhao Wang. "Rheological behaviors of carboxymethyl tamarind gum as thickener on georgette printing with disperse dyes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 134, no. 26 (March 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.45000.

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47

Ikhide B.O, Koreiocha J.N., Okon A.O., Okoh K, Momoh R.L, Uwague E.E., Fagbemi E., et al. "Processing of Natural Rubber Latex Concentrate (NRLC) Using A Novel Method of Creaming Based on Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) and Cassava Processing Effluents (CPE)." International Journal of Science & Technoledge, August 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i7/st2307-009.

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The purification and concentration of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) can be achieved through the process of creaming. This is usually carried out by the addition of small quantities of some water-soluble colloids or creaming agents. Such include ammonium alginate, sodium alginate, sodium cellulose glycollate, methyl cellulose, aluminum cellulose glycollate, pectins, extract of carragheen moss, glue, gelatine, gum Arabic, gum acacia Senegal, locust bean gum, gum tragacanath, tamarind Kernel Powder, gum Karaya, and Polysaccharides such as maize, sorghum, rice, yam, potato starch and cassava starch. Many of such creaming agents are made from chemicals that are finite, imported, and therefore very expensive and some are toxic to human health and wellbeing. The production of such chemicals leads to a lot of environmental pollution and its attendant degradation and health virus, not to mention their exorbitance. These imported creaming agents are now beyond the reach of smallholder farmers and cottage industrialists. The use of vegetative creaming agents such as locust bean, polysaccharides, tamarind kernel powder, etc. has been reported and practiced and the results have been very good and encouraging (BIS 2001, Blackley, 2010). Fresh, natural rubber latex (FNRL) (with 40% rubber and 60% water) can be processed into concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL). This is done to meet industrialists' demand, increase its economic value, increase its dry rubber content (DRC) and ease transportation costs. Also, dipped goods usually require a high concentration of DRC and purification too. Products such as hand gloves, condoms, balloons, pillows, mattresses and suckers, teats, and catheters are usually made from concentrated latex. Methods such as centrifugation, evaporation, electro-decantation and creaming are the methods used for purifying and concentrating FNRL. However, due to the cost of most chemicals imported into the country and the high cost of machines also imported, many entrepreneurs have tried to develop green rubber processing methods. These methods do not require the use of big bogus expensive machines. The main object of this project is to develop a system to prepare cream-concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL) without using sophisticated machines and importing expensive chemicals. We will work on a simple, cheap, green, environmentally and health-friendly method to produce cream CNRL. The main parameters of the cream CNRL such as DRC, Total Solids Content (TSC), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), Alkalinity and mechanical stability time (MST) of the cream CNRL, would be tested and evaluated. The use of vegetative creaming agents like those listed above has long been practiced and reported Tamarind kernel powder (TKP) and Cassava Processing Effluents powder (CPE) would be used as the dual or joint creaming agents in a synergy.

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Yao, Lili, Tao Man, Xiong Xiong, Yicheng Wang, Xinxin Duan, and Xiaohui Xiong. "HPMC films functionalized by zein/carboxymethyl tamarind gum stabilized Pickering emulsions: Influence of carboxymethylation degree." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, March 2023, 124053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124053.

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Sultana, B. Farhat, R. Vijayalakshmi, P. S. Geetha, and M. L. Mini. "Optimization of Value Added Products from under-Utilized Tamarind Kernel Powder." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, December 4, 2020, 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2020/v12i1130314.

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Aim: To develop value added products from Tamarind kernel powder (TKP). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Community Science College and Research Institute, Madurai. Methodology: The nutritional value of TKP and the potential of TKP as a food additive were investigated. The TKP and commercial additives were experimented under the refrigerated and room temperature for their viscosity properties in order to identify the potential of TKP as a thickening agent. Standardization for the level of incorporation was done in Mango smoothie using TKP as thickening agent in the rate of T1-0.25%, T2-0.50%, T3-0.75%, T4-1.00%. Results: The performance of TKP as thickening agent was not considerably higher. Its performance was not significantly higher on comparison with commercial thickening agents. Xanthan gum ranked high among all the additives in terms of thickening property. Among the different incorporations of tamarind kernel powder T4 performed best in terms of viscosity. Conclusions: The results indicate that TKP have poor thickening property. To improve this property the TKP can be subjected to structural modification and isolation of polysaccharide which would yield better results. TKP as a food additive replacing conventional food additives will be a great boom to the food industry. There will be increase in anti-oxidant and phytochemical property of the resultant product.

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Samanta, Radheshyam, Sukanta Nayak, Biswarup Das, and Amit Kumar Nayak. "Chitosan-carboxymethyl tamarind gum in situ polyelectrolyte complex-based floating capsules of ofloxacin: In vitro-in vivo studies." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, October 2023, 127507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127507.

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