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Статті в журналах з теми "Carbon nano structures"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Vajtai, Robert, Sujit K. Biswas, Binqing Wei, Gouwen Meng, Yung Joon Jung, and Pulickel M. Ajayan. "Electrical Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Structures." Nanopages 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/nano.1.2006.1.2.

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2

Mišković, Z. L. "Interactions of ions with carbon nano-structures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 133 (October 1, 2008): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/133/1/012011.

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3

Kuchment, Peter, and Olaf Post. "On the Spectra of Carbon Nano-Structures." Communications in Mathematical Physics 275, no. 3 (August 15, 2007): 805–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-007-0316-1.

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4

Deng, Xiangying, and Yukio Kawano. "Terahertz Plasmonics and Nano-Carbon Electronics for Nano-Micro Sensing and Imaging." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0087.

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Sensing and imaging with THz waves is an active area of modern research in optical science and technology. There have been a number of studies for enhancing THz sensing technologies. In this paper, we review our recent development of THz plasmonic structures and carbon-based THz imagers. The plasmonic structures have strong possibilities of largely increasing detector sensitivity because of their outstanding properties of high transmission enhancement at a subwavelength aperture and local field concentration. We introduce novel plasmonic structures and their performance, including a Si-immersed bull’s-eye antenna and multi-frequency bull’s-eye antennas. The latter part of this paper explains carbon-based THz detectors and their applications in omni-directional flexible imaging. The use of carbon nanotube films has led to a room-temperature, flexible THz detector and has facilitated the visualization of samples with three-dimensional curvatures. The techniques described in this paper can be used effectively for THz sensing and imaging on a micro- and nano-scale.

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5

Mynbaeva, Marina G., Alla A. Sitnikova, Sergey P. Lebedev, Vassili N. Petrov, Demid A. Kirilenko, Irina S. Kotousova, Alexander Smirnov, and Alexander A. Lavrent'ev. "Graphene-on-Porous-Silicon Carbide Structures." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.133.

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3D–SiC/graphene structures were fabricated on the basis of SiC wafers by first producing micro–porous material by anodization, and then using two–step annealing to modify the porous matrix and cover it with a 2D carbon coating. Topological features of the obtained structures extend from macro– down to nano–scale. It is expected that such topology in combination with high resistance to corrosion, and bio–compatibility of both SiC and nano–carbon will make the 3D–SiC/graphene structures prospective for tissue–inducing matrixes.

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6

Thamaraikannan, S., M. R. Sunny, and S. C. Pradhan. "Chirality dependent mechanical properties of carbon nano-structures." Materials Research Express 6, no. 9 (July 3, 2019): 095018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab29dd.

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7

Yamanaka, Shinsuke, Masaki Fujikane, Masayoshi Uno, Hirohiko Murakami, and Osamu Miura. "Hydrogen content and desorption of carbon nano-structures." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 366, no. 1-2 (March 2004): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(03)00694-7.

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8

Yang, Yun Xia, Ranjeet K. Singh, and Paul A. Webley. "Hydrogen adsorption in transition metal carbon nano-structures." Adsorption 14, no. 2-3 (January 23, 2008): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-007-9089-2.

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9

Lu, Xiwen, Jinhang Liu, Ye Ding, Lijun Yang, Zhan Yang, and Yang Wang. "Simulation and fabrication of carbon nanotube–nanoparticle interconnected structures." Mechanical Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-451-2021.

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Анотація:

Abstract. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the size of a device reaches sub-nanometer scale. The larger resistivity of interconnect leads to serious overheating of integrated circuits. Silicon-based electronic devices have also reached the physical limits of their development. The use of carbon nanotubes instead of traditional wires has become a new solution for connecting nano-structures. Nanocluster particles serving as brazing material play an important role in stabilizing the connection of carbon nanotubes, which places higher demands for nanoscale manipulation techniques. In this paper, the dynamic processes under different operating scenarios were simulated and analyzed, including probe propulsion nanoparticle operation, probe pickup nanoparticle operation and probe pickup nanocluster particle operation. Then, the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) was used for nanoparticle manipulation experiments. The smallest unit of carbon nanotube wire was obtained by three-dimensional (3D) construction of a carbon nanotube–silver nanocluster particle (CN-AgNP), which verified the feasibility of 3D manipulation of carbon nanotube wire construction. The experiments on the construction of carbon nanotube–nanocluster particle structures in three-dimensional operation were completed, and the smallest unit of carbon nanotube wire was constructed. This nano-fabrication technology will provide an efficient and mature technical means in the field of nano-interconnection.

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10

Liu, Xinye, Gad Licht, Xirui Wang, and Stuart Licht. "Controlled Growth of Unusual Nanocarbon Allotropes by Molten Electrolysis of CO2." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020125.

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This study describes a world of new carbon “fullerene” allotropes that may be synthesized by molten carbonate electrolysis using greenhouse CO2 as the reactant. Beyond the world of conventional diamond, graphite and buckyballs, a vast array of unique nanocarbon structures exist. Until recently, CO2 was thought to be unreactive. Here, we show that CO2 can be transformed into distinct nano-bamboo, nano-pearl, nano-dragon, solid and hollow nano-onion, nano-tree, nano-rod, nano-belt and nano-flower morphologies of carbon. The capability to produce these allotropes at high purity by a straightforward electrolysis, analogous to aluminum production splitting of aluminum oxide, but instead nanocarbon production by splitting CO2, opens an array of inexpensive unique materials with exciting new high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, flexibility, charge storage, lubricant and robustness properties. Commercial production technology of nanocarbons had been chemical vapor deposition, which is ten-fold more expensive, generally requires metallo-organics reactants and has a highly carbon-positive rather than carbon-negative footprint. Different nanocarbon structures were prepared electrochemically by variation of anode and cathode composition and architecture, electrolyte composition, pre-electrolysis processing and current ramping and current density. Individual allotrope structures and initial growth mechanisms are explored by SEM, TEM, HAADF EDX, XRD and Raman spectroscopy.

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11

Zhao, Z. G., S. Bai, Z. Ying, Jin-Bo Bai, and H. M. Cheng. "Shaping different carbon nano- and submicro-structures by alcohol chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 10 (October 2006): 2504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0305.

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Анотація:

A variety of carbon nano- and submicro-structures with spectacular morphologies such as spaghetti-like, dendritic, and segmented carbon fibers; carbon pillars; and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was selectively synthesized by the alcohol chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The phase structure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon structures could be controlled by adjusting the deposition position and the growth temperature. The formation mechanism of these carbon structures was discussed on the basis of the experimental results. The various CVD products obviously imply that the growth mechanism for our alcohol CVD process evolves from catalytic growth mode to pyrolytic carbon deposition mode. The obtained various carbon nano- and submicro-structures may be promising for applications in functional nanodevices.

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12

Lee, J. G., and S. P. Lee. "Nano-Structured Carbon Nitride Films for Microsensor Applications." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1199.

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Nano-structured carbon nitride film, which is a new sensor material, has been prepared by facing target magnetron sputter for microsensor applications. Surface morphology, surface roughness and bonding structures of the films were investigated by EDS, SEM, AFM and FTIR spectroscopy. The growth rate of film is about 2.2 um/hr, and grain size and RMS roughness are about 320 nm and 0.9 nm, respectively. The impedance of micro-humidity-sensor, which was fabricated by the conventional semiconductor fabrication process including lift-off technique, changed 95.4 kΩ to 2 kΩ in the relative humidity range of 5 % to 95 %.

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13

Chen, G. Z., and D. J. Fray. "Recent development in electrolytic formation of carbon nanotubes in molten salts." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 39, no. 1-2 (2003): 309–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0302309c.

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This article reviews the recent research development in the electrolytic production of carbon nano-tubes in molten salts. The experimental procedure and product morphologies of the electrolytic method are described in details. Different hypotheses of the carbon nano-tube formation mechanism in molten salts, particularly it relation with the erosion of the cathode, are compared and discussed. It is anticipated that the electrolytic method can potentially become a cheap and continuous process for the production of curved carbon nano-tubes, carbon sheathed metal nanowires and other carbon based nano-structures.

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14

Acuña, J. J. S., C. A. Figueroa, M. E. H. Maia da Costa, P. Paredez, C. T. M. Ribeiro, and F. Alvarez. "Oxygen plasma etching of carbon nano-structures containing nitrogen." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 352, no. 9-20 (June 2006): 1314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.10.027.

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15

Tan, Miao Miao, Zi Yi Zhang, Lin Hui Zhao, and Jian Cheng Zhang. "Review of Fabrication Methods of Nanotube / Nanowire Devices." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.427.

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With the development of nano materials, a novel research field of NEMS forms by combining nano materials, nano-structures and nano fabrication with MEMS. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a kind of one-dimensional nano structures which has unique mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. Using CNTs, new nano-devices with new principle or high performance would be developed. This paper reviews the assembly methods of one dimensional nanostructure and analyzes the characteristics of various methods, which provides reference for the device manufacturing methods using nanotubes/nanowires.

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16

Saotome, Yasunori, Suguru Okaniwa, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue. "Superplastic Nanoforging of Pt-Based Metallic Glass with Dies of Zr-BMG and Glassy Carbon Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2088.

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This paper introduces a technique for fabricating nano-structures through super plastic nano-forging of metallic glass using nano-scale dies that are fabricated by a focused-ion beam (FIB). FIB-machining characteristics of glassy carbon and Zr-based metallic glass have been studied and are useful for fabricating nano-scale dies because of the isotropic homogeneity of their amorphous structures. We used the dies to nano-forge Pt48.75Pd9.75Cu19.5P22 metallic glass. The thin foil specimens were heated in a small furnace and compressively loaded in a small vacuum chamber. Dies, a die-forged 1μm-diameter micro-gear, and both 800 and 400nm periodic nano-structures for optical applications were demonstrated. We observed the effects of thermal expansion and contact angle between the working material and the die materials on nano-formability. Metallic glasses are highly useful as materials for nano-imprinting and as die materials for FIB nano-machining.

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17

Liu, Huang, Xiong, Wang, Chen, Li, Liu, and Zhang. "Micro-Nano Carbon Structures with Platelet, Glassy and Tube-Like Morphologies." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091242.

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Carbon source precursors for high-grade, clean, and low-carbon refractories were obtained by in situ exfoliation of flake graphite (FG) and phenol–formaldehyde resin (PF) composites with three-roll milling (TRM) for the fabrication of graphite nanoplatelets. In addition, by using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as a catalyst in the pyrolysis process, multidimensional carbon nanostructures were obtained with coexisting graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs), glassy carbon (GC), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The resulting GNPs (exfoliated 16 times) had sizes of 10–30 μm, thicknesses of 30–50 nm, and could be uniformly dispersed in GC from the PF pyrolysis. Moreover, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O played a key role in the formation and growth of CNTs from a catalytic pyrolysis of partial PF with the V–S/tip growth mechanisms. The resulting multidimensional carbon nanostructures with GNPs/GC/CNTs are attributed to the shear force of the TRM process, pyrolysis, and catalytic action of nitrates. This method reduced the production costs of carbon source precursors for low-carbon refractories, and the precursors exhibited excellent performances when fabricated on large scales.

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18

Gonzalez Carmona, Juan Manuel, Alexander Ruden Muñoz, Christian Barbosa, Carolina Ortega Portilla, and Federico Sequeda Osorio. "Computational Study of Allotropic Structures of Carbon by Density Functional Theory (DTF)." Ingeniería y Ciencia 10, no. 19 (January 2014): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.10.19.7.

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In this paper using Density Functional Theory (DFT), the principal carbonallo tropic crystalline structures (Diamond, graphite, nanotube y fullerene-C60) were simulated. The results shows diamond sp3 bonds formation between carbon atomsand low reactivity, indicating low probability of lateral compound formation and high mechanical properties. Interplanar weakness was evidentin graphite structure, which is related to solid lubrication process. Carbon-Carbon metallic bonds and polarizations at the edges of the structure were observed in Armchair Carbon Nanotube, stabilizing the system which allows the nanotube continuous growth. In fullerene C60structureaFaraday nano-gauge behavior was confirmed, together withlowprobability of interatomic polarization, indicating high structural stability. Besides Total Energy (TE) and Nuclear Repulsion Energy (NRE) values were used to perform energetic comparisons between different structures, allowing the study of electronic stability and their relationship to mechanical properties.

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19

Malyshevsky, V. A., E. I. Khlusova, and V. V. Orlov. "Technologies of Nanomodification of Low-Carbon Low Alloyed Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3123.

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Metallurgical industry can be considered as a field most accommodated for perception of nano-technologies, which in the near future will be able to provide large scale production and high level of investments return. Specially noted should physical and mechanical properties of nano-structured steels and alloys (strength, plasticity, toughness and so on) which will cardinally excel characteristics of respective materials developed using conventional technologies. Investigations have shown that basic principles of selection of a structure up to nano-level for low-carbon low-alloy steels can be put forward, that is: 1) morphological similarity of structural components, pre-domination of globular type structures due to reduction in carbon components and rational alloying; 2) formation of fine-dispersed carbide phase of globular morphology; 3) exclusion of lengthy interphase boundaries; 4) formation of fragmented structure with boundaries close to wide-angle ones, which inherited structure of fine-grained deformed austenite.

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20

Kang, Z. C., and Z. L. Wang. "Pentagonal and heptagonal carbon-rings in growth of nanosize graphitic carbon spheres." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100165781.

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Fullerene C60 and nano-tubes are a group of unique structures of carbon. These structures are producei using a carbon electrode arc-discharge technique, but it has not been successful in producing carbon spheres Recently, a new mixed-valent oxide-catalytic carbonization (MVOCC) process has been invented that can b used to synthesize monodispersed nano-size graphitic carbon spheres at low cost and with large quantities [3] The carbon spheres were produced at 1100° C by decomposition of natural gas (methane) under the catalytic assistance of transitional/rare earth metal oxides with mixed valences. The product is pure and separated fron the catalyst, thus, no purification is needed. The MVOCC process does not produce any environmenta hazardous chemicals, and the catalyst is reusable. The carbon spheres are expected to have extraordinary mechanical, physical and chemical properties and potential applications in the areas such as high-strengfi composite materials, environmental filtering, catalysis, lubrication and surface coating.

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21

Scilletta, Claudia, Marco Servidori, L. Barba, E. Cappelli, S. Orlando, and P. Ascarelli. "Influence of Temperature on Nano-Graphene Structuring of PLD Grown Carbon Films - An X-Ray Diffraction Study." Advances in Science and Technology 48 (October 2006): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.48.55.

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The physical properties of graphene nano-structures are highly anisotropic and generally correlated to the graphene sheet orientation. We investigated the capability to grow nano-graphene structured carbon films and to control their texturing by pulsed laser ablation of a pyrolytic graphite target (Nd:YAG laser, 2nd harmonic: λ=532 nm, hν=2.33 eV, τ=7 ns, ν=10 Hz, φ=7 J/cm2), operating at different temperature conditions. Carbon films were deposited on Si <100> substrates. Detailed characterisation by synchrotron X-ray measurements were performed on samples deposited in vacuum (~10-3 Pa) at high substrate temperatures (>800°C) and at room temperature followed by post-annealing at high temperature (>800°C). The X-ray measurements established the formation of nano-sized graphene structures for both sample sets. In the first set, the nano-particles are correlated among them, their size increases with substrate temperature and a longitudinal growth of parallel graphene layers occurs, with the ˆc axis parallel to the substrate. In post annealed sample set, on the contrary, the nano-particles size is smaller and depends weakly on annealing temperature. The graphene ˆc axis results to be randomly oriented up to ~850°C. Above this temperature it seems that a transition phase occurs and the c axis results to lie parallel to substrate plane.

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22

Negro, E., M. Dieci, D. Sordi, K. Kowlgi, M. Makkee, and G. J. M. Koper. "High yield, controlled synthesis of graphitic networks from dense micro emulsions." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 80 (2014): 11848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05455e.

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We propose a new synthesis method to produce hyper-branched carbon nano structures that we call carbon nano networks. These porous, graphitic materials directly grow into a networked structure, do not require the use of an inorganic support, and can be tailored by experimental conditions to better suit their application.

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23

Zhao, Bin Yuan, Rong Bin Li, Jie Xu, Dan Dan Lin, Xian Chang He, Tong Xiang Fan, Di Zhang, and Ke Ao Hu. "CVD Grow of Nano Diamond and Other Carbon Materials on Porous Carbon." Advances in Science and Technology 48 (October 2006): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.48.24.

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In this paper, porous carbon was made from biomass derived carbonaceous mesophase and carbonaceous fillers, and further applied as the substrate for CVD grow of nano carbon materials. With the assistance of microwave plasma, the acetone gas was decomposed into carbon and grew on the surface of the porous carbon, which produce ballas diamonds, carbon tubes, nets, petal, and other structures.

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24

Hou, Shuhn Shyurng, and Wei Cheng Huang. "Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nano-Onions in a Rotating Opposed-Jets Flow." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.310.

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The influence of flow rotation on the synthesis of carbon nano-structures using rotating opposed flow ethylene diffusion flames and a catalytic Ni substrate was investigated. In the experiments, the flame parameter was kept constant with fuel and oxidizer compositions of 20%C2H2+80%N2 and 40%O2+60%N2 in the upper and lower burners, respectively, whereas the strain rate was varied by adjusting the rotation speed. Stain rate affects carbon nano-structures synthesis either through the residence time of the flow or carbon sources available for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and onions. A diffusion flame at low strain rate is stronger than a weak flame at high strain rate and produces more carbon sources because of the longer residence time of the flow. At a higher strain rate, curved and entangled tubular multi-walled CNTs were harvested, however, at a lower strain rate carbon nano-onions (CNOs) were synthesized. It is verified that flow rotation associated with residence time plays an important role in the synthesis of carbon nanostructures.

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25

Bilisik, Kadir, Nesrin S. Karaduman, and Erdal Sapanci. "Flexural characterization of 3D prepreg/stitched carbon/epoxy/multiwalled carbon nanotube preforms and composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 5 (July 13, 2018): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318787861.

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Анотація:

The effect of through-the-thickness stitching and incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the flexural properties of three-dimensional (3D) carbon/epoxy composites was studied. The flexural strength of the carbon twill fabric composites was improved by stitching due largely to delamination suppression, whereas stitching negatively influenced the flexural strength of the carbon satin fabric composites due to stitch-induced irregularities and fiber breakages. The failure mode of the unstitched base (without MWCNTs) and unstitched nano-added structures involved fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination, while the stitched base and stitched nano-added samples exhibited lateral matrix cracking, multiple warp, and stitch yarn breakages with less delamination compared with unstitched structures. The results showed that both stitching and the incorporation of MWCNTs improved the out-of-plane failure properties due largely to restricted delamination. Therefore, stitching and MWCNTs can effectively be used to increase the damage tolerance of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates.

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26

Degirmenci, Unal, and Mesut Kirca. "Carbon-based nano lattice hybrid structures: Mechanical and thermal properties." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 144 (October 2022): 115392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2022.115392.

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27

Ha, Dao Thu, Chu Thuy Anh, Do Thi Nga, Le Minh Thanh, Tran Thi Thanh Van та Nguyen Ai Viet. "π-Plasmon model for carbon nano structures: Application to porphyrin". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 726 (червень 2016): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/726/1/012006.

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28

Gang, Xing, Jia Shenli, Xing Jian, and Shi Zongqian. "Analysis of the Carbon Nano-Structures Formation in Liquid Arcing." Plasma Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (December 2007): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/9/6/31.

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29

Li, Zhibing. "Density functional theory for field emission from carbon nano-structures." Ultramicroscopy 159 (December 2015): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.02.012.

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30

Devaux, X., S. Yu Tsareva, A. N. Kovalenko, E. V. Zharikov, and E. McRae. "Formation mechanism and morphology of large branched carbon nano-structures." Carbon 47, no. 5 (April 2009): 1244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.12.055.

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31

Darbari, Sara, Yaser Abdi, Aida Ebrahimi, and Shamsoddin Mohajerzadeh. "Fabrication of Silicon-Based Actuators Using Branched Carbon Nano-Structures." IEEE Sensors Journal 11, no. 7 (July 2011): 1535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2010.2096415.

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32

Ding, H., and J. P. Maier. "Electronic structures of one-dimension carbon nano wires and rings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 61 (March 1, 2007): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/61/1/051.

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33

Jiang, Shulan, Tielin Shi, Zirong Tang, and Shuang Xi. "Cost-Effective Fabrication of Inner-Porous Micro/Nano Carbon Structures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 2089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.14256.

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34

Han, Baoguo, Yunyang Wang, Siqi Ding, Xun Yu, Liqing Zhang, Zhen Li, and Jinping Ou. "Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 699–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16657416.

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The botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials were incorporated into cementitious materials to develop a new type of self-sensing cementitious composites, and then the mechanical, electrically conductive, and piezoresistive behaviors of the developed self-sensing cementitious composites with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials were comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the modification mechanisms of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials to cementitious materials were also explored. The experimental results show that the compressive strength and the elasticity modulus of the self-sensing cementitious composites botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials decrease with the increase in the botryoid hybrid nano-carbon material content, while the Poisson’s ratio does the opposite. The percolation threshold zone of the self-sensing cementitious composites botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials is from 2.28 to 3.85 vol.%. The optimal content of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials is 3.38 vol.% for piezoresistivity of the self-sensing cementitious composites botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials. The amplitude of fractional change in resistivity goes up to 70.4% and 28.9%, respectively, under the monotonic compressive loading to failure and under the repeated compressive loading within elastic regime. The piezoresistive stress/strain sensitivity reaches (3.04%/MPa)/354.28 within elastic regime. The effective modification of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials to electrically conductive and piezoresistive properties of cementitious materials at such low content is attributed to their botryoid structures, which are beneficial for the dispersion of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials and the formation of conductive network in cementitious materials. The use of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials provides a new bottom–up design and fabrication approach for nano-engineering multifunctional cementitious composites.

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35

Yang, Liangliang, Jiangtao Wei, Zhe Ma, Peishuai Song, Jing Ma, Yongqiang Zhao, Zhen Huang, Mingliang Zhang, Fuhua Yang, and Xiaodong Wang. "The Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures by Laser Machining." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121789.

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Micro/nano structures have unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties. Studies on the preparation of micro/nano structures are of considerable research value and broad development prospects. Several micro/nano structure preparation techniques have already been developed, such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, focused ion beam techniques, nanoimprint techniques. However, the available geometries directly implemented by those means are limited to the 2D mode. Laser machining, a new technology for micro/nano structural preparation, has received great attention in recent years for its wide application to almost all types of materials through a scalable, one-step method, and its unique 3D processing capabilities, high manufacturing resolution and high designability. In addition, micro/nano structures prepared by laser machining have a wide range of applications in photonics, Surface plasma resonance, optoelectronics, biochemical sensing, micro/nanofluidics, photofluidics, biomedical, and associated fields. In this paper, updated achievements of laser-assisted fabrication of micro/nano structures are reviewed and summarized. It focuses on the researchers’ findings, and analyzes materials, morphology, possible applications and laser machining of micro/nano structures in detail. Seven kinds of materials are generalized, including metal, organics or polymers, semiconductors, glass, oxides, carbon materials, and piezoelectric materials. In the end, further prospects to the future of laser machining are proposed.

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36

Salazar-Cruz, Beatriz Adriana, Jose Luis Rivera-Armenta, Cynthia Graciela Flores-Hernandez, Juventino Lopez-Barroso, Jorge Estrada-Martinez, and Maria Yolanda Chavez-Cinco. "Evaluation of Addition of Carbon Nano Materials Over Properties of an Elastomeric Matrix." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 4 (January 6, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.4.5405.

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In the present work, the effect of the addition of different types of carbon nano structures on the mechanical, thermomechanical and thermal properties of a radial structure of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBSR) copolymer matrix is reported. Different carbon nanostructures were used as nano-rein-forcements: expanded graphite (XG), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and exfo-liated graphene (EG). These carbon structures present various functional groups, such as carbonyl, epoxy, and others, which are the responsible for the interaction between the polymer matrix and the nano particles. The compatibility induced between the nanomaterials and the elastomeric matrix fa-vors the stable dispersion of the nanocomposites during their obtention process. For instance, the ad-dition of GO increased in 10 and 16% the tensile strength and storage modulus of the nanocomposites. The fracture surface patterns in the nanocomposites after the tensile test was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Also, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal characterization showed differences in the viscoelastic behavior of the reinforced nanocomposites with different carbon nanomaterials.

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37

Klein, Douglas J. "Clarology for Conjugated Carbon Nano-Structures: Molecules, Polymers, Graphene, Defected Graphene, Fractal Benzenoids, Fullerenes, Nano- Tubes, Nano-Cones, Nano-Tori, etc." Open Organic Chemistry Journal 5, no. 1 (September 12, 2011): 27–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874364101105010027.

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38

Yin, Cong, Liang He, Yunfei Wang, Zehua Liu, Guobin Zhang, Kangning Zhao, Chunjuan Tang, Mengyu Yan, Yulai Han, and Liqiang Mai. "Pyrolyzed carbon with embedded NiO/Ni nanospheres for applications in microelectrodes." RSC Advances 6, no. 49 (2016): 43436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06864b.

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Photoresist, a frequently used material in existing microfabrication processes, can be utilized in carbon micro electro mechanical system (C-MEMS) since the patterned carbon micro/nano structures can be formed by pyrolysis of a patterned photoresist.

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39

Giri, Ashutosh, John Tomko, John T. Gaskins, and Patrick E. Hopkins. "Large tunability in the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotube-fullerene hierarchical monoliths." Nanoscale 10, no. 47 (2018): 22166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06848h.

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40

Song, Kenan, Yiying Zhang, Navid Tajaddod, and Marilyn L. Minus. "Application of the Electron Density Correlation Function for Structural Analysis of X-ray Scattering/Diffraction Information from Polymer-based Nano-Composites." MRS Proceedings 1754 (2015): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.760.

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ABSTRACTModern diffraction and scattering methods of X-ray radiation allow for multi-scale probing of the material morphology for both polymer-based composite films and fibers. These approaches and analyses tools can be used to map the makeup of individual grain structures in various polymer nano-composites in order to examine the effects of the fillers on nano-scale structural changes in the materials. The electron intensity correlation function, derived from Fourier transformations of the X-ray scattering pattern provides a path to analyze acquired data for space resolved domains. Here in this study, polymer-based nano-carbon composite systems are analyzed. The polymers used include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, and polyacrilonitrile as matrix materials. The nano-carbon filler contribution to the grain size evolution is tracked by X-ray scattering/diffraction characterization. These results show that the relevant sizes of crystalline and amorphous domains within the lamellae structures correspond to the dispersion/distribution of the nano-filler in the composite materials. This work mainly illustrates an effective use of the correlation function to provide global morphological analysis in the composite system.

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41

Abdrakhmanov, F. K., D. R. Volosov, S. A. Karpuzikov, S. A. Koytov, V. N. Melnikov, and V. E. Salimov. "Selection of composite material in thin-walled structures operating at elevated temperatures." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2018-3-87-97.

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At present, of special interest are polymer composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers - carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, which have increased specific strength, rigidity, wear resistance, etc. The purpose of this research is to study the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials reinforced with carbon and aramid fibers. According to the obtained temperature dependences of σ and E, we have selected the optimal variant of the polymer composite material on the basis of a nano-modified epoxy binder reinforced with carbon fibers

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42

Dorin, Bryce, Patrick Parkinson, and Patricia Scully. "Direct laser write process for 3D conductive carbon circuits in polyimide." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 20 (2017): 4923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01111c.

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43

Cheng, Shuai, Yamei Ding, Qing Chang, Shunuo Zhong, Wei Shen, Huiwu Mao, Xueting Zhai, et al. "Wash-induced multicolor tuning of carbon nano-dot/micro-belt hybrids with full recyclability and stable color convertibility." Nanoscale 11, no. 31 (2019): 14592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr04972j.

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44

He, Tieshi, Xiangye Li, Yunfeng Wang, Tianjiao Bai, Xin Weng, and Bing Zhang. "Carbon nano-fibers/ribbons with meso/macro pores structures for supercapacitor." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 878 (December 2020): 114597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114597.

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45

Hu, Bing, Wei-Bin Zhang, Kun Yan, Tong Zhang, Kai Li, Xi-Wen Chen, Long Kang, and Ling-Bin Kong. "Nitrogen-doped micro-nano carbon spheres with multi-scale pore structure obtained from interpenetrating polymer networks for electrochemical capacitors." RSC Advances 8, no. 61 (2018): 35083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05851b.

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The N-doped micro-nano carbon spheres with multi-scale pore structures was prepared via carbonization of N-PF/PMMA interpenetrating polymer networks, which contain melamine resin as nitrogen source, PF as carbon source, and PMMA as pore-former.

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46

Mirabile Gattia, Daniele, Marco Vittori Antisari, Renzo Marazzi, Luciano Pilloni, Vittoria Contini, and Amelia Montone. "Arc-Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanohorns and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.23.

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Carbon nanohorns and multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been synthesized by DC arcdischarge carried out at room pressure in air and Ar-enriched environment, by a specially designed experimental device. The resulting nanostructured material, characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, shows different structures according to the condensation channels through which the sublimated carbon atoms are re-condensed in the solid state. Multi-Walled Carbon Nano- Tubes are mainly found in the hard crust formed at the cathode, while nano-horned particles can be recovered from a cylindrical collector surrounding the discharge. Further material, rag-like shaped and with an amorphous structure, can be collected in the reaction area. When the discharge occurs under Ar atmosphere, a larger quantity of this latter phase is synthesized. This suggests that the atmospheric oxygen could play an active role by burning the most reactive among the synthesized phases, like amorphous carbon contributing so to an “in situ” purification of the raw material.

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47

Nick, Christoph, Sandeep Yadav, Ravi Joshi, Christiane Thielemann, and Jörg J. Schneider. "Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (September 17, 2014): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.169.

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The growth of cortical neurons on three dimensional structures of spatially defined (structured) randomly oriented, as well as on vertically aligned, carbon nanotubes (CNT) is studied. Cortical neurons are attracted towards both types of CNT nano-architectures. For both, neurons form clusters in close vicinity to the CNT structures whereupon the randomly oriented CNTs are more closely colonised than the CNT pillars. Neurons develop communication paths via neurites on both nanoarchitectures. These neuron cells attach preferentially on the CNT sidewalls of the vertically aligned CNT architecture instead than onto the tips of the individual CNT pillars.

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48

Jampani, Prashanth H., Karan Kadakia, Dae Ho Hong, Rigved Epur, James A. Poston, Ayyakkannu Manivannan, and Prashant N. Kumta. "CVD Derived Vanadium Oxide Nano-Sphere-Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Nano-Composite Hetero-Structures: High Energy Supercapacitors." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 160, no. 8 (2013): A1118—A1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.033308jes.

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49

Pahang, F., P. Parvin, and A. Bavali. "Fluorescence quenching effects of carbon nano-structures (Graphene Oxide and Nano Diamond) coupled with Methylene Blue." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 229 (March 2020): 117888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.117888.

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50

D’Orlando, Angélina, Maxime Bayle, Guy Louarn, and Bernard Humbert. "AFM-Nano Manipulation of Plasmonic Molecules Used as “Nano-Lens” to Enhance Raman of Individual Nano-Objects." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 27, 2019): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091372.

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This paper explores the enhancement of Raman signals using individual nano-plasmonic structures and demonstrates the possibility to obtain controlled gold plasmonic nanostructures by atomic force microscopy (AFM) manipulation under a confocal Raman device. By manipulating the gold nanoparticles (Nps) while monitoring them using a confocal microscope, it is possible to generate individual nano- structures, plasmonic molecules not accessible currently by lithography at these nanometer scales. This flexible approach allows us to tune plasmonic resonance of the nanostructures, to generate localized hot spots and to circumvent the effects of strong electric near field gradients intrinsic to Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) or Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) experiments. The inter Np distances and symmetry of the plasmonic molecules in interaction with other individual nano-objects control the resonance conditions of the assemblies and the enhancement of their Raman responses. This paper shows also how some plasmonic structures generate localized nanometric areas with high electric field magnitude without strong gradient. These last plasmonic molecules may be used as "nano-lenses" tunable in wavelength and able to enhance Raman signals of neighbored nano-object. The positioning of one individual probed nano-object in the spatial area defined by the nano-lens becomes then very non-restrictive, contrary to TERS experiments where the spacing distance between tip and sample is crucial. The experimental flexibility obtained in these approaches is illustrated here by the enhanced Raman scatterings of carbon nanotube.

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